CN113173940A - 一种双生物活性因子级联激活的抗黑色素瘤前药的合成与应用 - Google Patents
一种双生物活性因子级联激活的抗黑色素瘤前药的合成与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113173940A CN113173940A CN202110451321.3A CN202110451321A CN113173940A CN 113173940 A CN113173940 A CN 113173940A CN 202110451321 A CN202110451321 A CN 202110451321A CN 113173940 A CN113173940 A CN 113173940A
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成技术领域,具体涉及一种双生物活性因子级联激活的抗黑色素瘤前药及其合成方法和应用,其对于黑色素瘤细胞具有显著的抑癌效果。
背景技术
癌症治疗一直是当今社会的主要问题,但是传统的抗癌化疗药物由于对癌细胞的非选择性,给患者带来了不可忽略的副作用,因此前药的开发就显得尤为重要。在前药分子的设计过程中,其中最基础的就是小分子前药的设计,由于小分子结构简单,易吸收等特点受到科学家的青睐,因此可设计被仅在肿瘤环境中高表达的活性分子激活的前药。一般而言,前药激活策略有两种类型:通过肿瘤环境相对于正常细胞中特异性存在的生物因子,如,利用高活性氧(ROS)、低pH、高谷胱甘肽(GSH)等激活的药物活性因子释放的策略和依靠肿瘤环境中高表达的酶释放活性药物的策略。
黑色素瘤是一种恶性肿瘤,具有扩散性强、致死率高等特点。由于传统的抗癌化疗药物对癌细胞的非选择性所造成的毒副作用,所以需要开发能够被黑色素瘤细胞特异性激活的前药。酪氨酸酶(TYR)是一种含铜的氧化酶,是一种在活体系统中存在分子氧时,可将单酚或邻苯二酚氧化为邻醌的限速酶。酪氨酸酶的适量表达对人有益,它是生物合成天然黑色素以保护皮肤免受光致癌作用的关键生化反应催化剂,对人起保护作用。相反,酪氨酸酶活性的失调还可以引起多种疾病的发生,例如:帕金森氏病,多巴胺神经毒性和精神分裂症等等。除此之外,酪氨酸酶表达的功能障碍会导致细胞产生的黑色素紊乱,黑色素是黑色素瘤进展中的重要组成成分,所以在活体物种中,酪氨酸酶的过度表达则会引起从苯酚到黑色素的氧化化学转化并进一步诱发黑色素瘤癌,因此,细胞内酪氨酸酶的过表达与黑色素瘤的形成息息相关。因此,针对黑色素瘤的抗癌药物的开发是科学家乃至生物医学家所迫切需要的。由于黑色素瘤的产生与细胞内酪氨酸酶的过量表达密切相关,所以酪氨酸酶一直被认为是一种黑色素瘤细胞诊断及治疗的一种重要生物标志物。利用黑色素瘤细胞内高表达的酪氨酸酶水平,进一步开发酪氨酸酶激活的高选择性抗黑色素瘤的前药也是人们的迫切需求。由于传统药物选择性差,所以利用黑色素瘤细胞的酪氨酸酶的高表达这一独特特征,使研制能被黑色素瘤细胞中高表达的酪氨酸酶激活的前药成为特别有前景的开发项目。期望所开发的抗黑色素瘤前药仅在高表达酪氨酸酶的黑色素肿瘤细胞中被激活,产生或者释放药物活性因子,实现对黑色素瘤细胞的特异性治疗。
尽管已经证明酪氨酸酶激活的前药对黑色素瘤细胞有一定的选择性,但鉴于正常黑色素细胞中也表达一定的酪氨酸酶水平,所以黑色素瘤的前药有可能被正常黑色素细胞中的酪氨酸酶激活,从而对正常黑色素细胞有一定的副作用。
发明内容
鉴于传统抗癌药物的非选择性以及现有单生物活性因子酪氨酸酶激活前药存在的“脱靶效应”,本发明的目的在于提供一种双生物活性因子级联激活的抗黑色素瘤前药及其合成方法和应用,通过活性氧和酪氨酸酶双生物活性因子级联激活抗黑色素瘤前药,提高药物对黑色素瘤细胞的靶向性,最大程度的减少前药对于其他细胞的毒副作用。
为了实现上述技术目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
作为优选,n为1或2。
作为优选,所述香豆素取代基为含有C1~C5的烷基、氨基或C1~C5的烷基取代的胺基、烷氧基、卤素、氰基、羟基、硝基取代基的香豆素基团,取代基可以为一个或多个,取代的位置不限。
作为优选,所述三苯基膦取代基为含有三苯基膦(TPP+)基团的脂肪烃基、芳基或杂环芳基。
进一步优选,所述脂肪烃基为C2~C10的脂肪烃基;所述芳基包括苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基或者含C1~C5的烷基、烷氧基、卤素、氰基、羟基、硝基中至少一种取代基的苯基;所述杂环芳基为五元杂环或六元杂环取代基。
本发明还提供了上述双生物活性因子级联激活的抗黑色素瘤前药的合成方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤(1)式1化合物与R-CHO反应得到式2化合物:
步骤(2)式2化合物与双(频哪醇)二硼反应得到式3化合物:
或式3化合物与盐酸反应得到式4化合物:
作为优选,步骤(1)中,所述式1化合物和R-CHO的摩尔比为1:1;
步骤(2)中,所述式2化合物和双(频哪醇)二硼、KOAc、Pd(dppf)Cl2的摩尔比为1:1.5:3:0.05。
本发明还提供了上述双生物活性因子级联激活的抗黑色素瘤前药在制备抗黑色素瘤药物中的应用。
发明人发现,本发明的抗黑色素瘤前药的结构中,当R基团为香豆素取代基或三苯基膦取代基时,前药具有良好的线粒体靶向功能,对黑色素瘤具有良好的杀伤作用;而当R为其他基团如苯基、萘环等取代基时,无法靶向线粒体,对黑色素瘤杀伤作用有限。
本发明的优势在于:
本发明的双生物活性因子级联激活的抗黑色素瘤前药能够被过氧化氢和酪氨酸酶级联激活,生成邻醌结构的产物,其中前药仅能够在黑色素瘤细胞内被激活生成药物活性中心对线粒体造成损伤,诱导线粒体功能障碍,发挥抗癌功效,而对其他细胞毒性很小,最大程度的减少了传统抗癌药物的毒副作用。
附图说明
图1本发明实施例1制得的前药CQB的1H NMR谱图。
图2本发明实施例1制得的前药CQB的13C NMR谱图。
图3本发明实施例6制得的CQP的1HNMR谱图。
图4本发明实施例7制得的CQP-Me的1H NMR谱图。
图5本发明制得的前药CQB与H2O2在ACN:H2O=1:1(v/v)溶液中的反应产物HPLC检测。
图6 MBTH显色反应用于检测邻醌结构的生成:A)MBTH与邻醌结构反应机理;B)化合物CQP和TYR反应产物与MBTH的显色反应;C)化合物CQB与H2O2和TYR反应产物与MBTH的显色反应。
图7化合物CQB及CQP分别与H2O2和TYR反应的紫外、荧光光谱谱图:A)紫外光谱谱图;B)荧光光谱谱图。
图8不同细胞系细胞内酪氨酸酶水平检测数据归一化柱状图。
图9化合物CQB对不同细胞系细胞的生长抑制曲线图:A)LO2细胞;B)HEMs细胞;C)HepG2细胞;D)B16细胞。
图10前药CQB诱导细胞凋亡检测图:A)LO2细胞;B)HEMs细胞;C)HepG2细胞;D)B16细胞。
图11前药CQB线粒体共定位作用图。
图12前药CQB对不同细胞系细胞的线粒体膜电位改变数据检测柱状图。
图13前药CQB选择性的引起黑色素瘤细胞线粒体形态改变图。
具体实施方式
本发明中,式1化合物的合成可参照现有常规方法制得,例如通过卤代苯烷基胺和靛红酸酐在弱碱性条件下制得。
实施例1
将化合物1a(4mmol)和7-二乙氨基香豆素醛(4mmol)溶解在DMSO(15mL)中,将混合物在120℃下反应。通过TLC色谱法监测反应完全后,待反应混合物冷却后将体系倒入适量冰水中,然后将生成的沉淀抽滤掉并用水洗涤3次,用乙醇重结晶后过滤得到的沉淀真空干燥后获得化合物2a,为橙黄色固体(1.31g,产率62.1%).1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.37(dt,J=8.1,1.1Hz,1H),7.86–7.78(m,2H),7.60–7.54(m,2H),7.33–7.29(m,2H),7.23(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.00–6.94(m,2H),6.63(dd,J=8.9,2.5Hz,1H),6.55(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),5.95(s,1H),5.17(s,1H),4.80(s,1H),3.49(q,J=7.1Hz,4H),1.29(d,J=11.6Hz,6H).
在100mL双颈瓶中,在N2气氛下,将双(频哪醇)二硼(9mmol),KOAc(18mmol)和化合物2a(6mmol)溶解在35mL的1,4-二氧六环中,体系抽真空3次,然后将Pd(dppf)Cl2(0.3mmol)加入到体系中,再抽真空2次,将混合物100℃反应回流过夜。反应完全后,旋蒸真空除去溶剂,加入适量水于体系中,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相。有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥后并真空浓缩。通过柱色谱法纯化(EtOAc∶CH2Cl2=1∶30)获得化合物3a(CQB),为黄色固体(1.50g,产率43.2%);1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.21(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),8.00(s,1H),7.94–7.88(m,1H),7.75(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.62(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.50(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.40(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.06(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),6.74(d,J=8.8,2.4Hz,1H),6.60(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),5.59(s,1H),4.99(s,1H),3.47(q,J=7.0Hz,4H),1.25(s,12H),1.14(t,J=7.0Hz,6H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ161.64,159.92,157.29,152.55,152.08,147.53,145.84,140.73,135.34,135.01,130.83,128.07,127.84,126.95,126.33,115.07,110.09,107.35,96.78,84.05,48.10,44.66,25.09,12.78.ESI-MS m/z,calcd for C34H37BN3O5 +[M+H]+:578;found,578.
实施例2
将化合物1a(4mmol)和4-吡啶甲醛(4mmol)溶解在DMSO(15mL)中,将混合物在120℃下反应,获得化合物2b,白色固体(1.01g,产率64.3%).1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.71–8.61(m,2H),8.24(dd,J=8.0,1.5Hz,1H),7.92(ddd,J=8.5,7.2,1.6Hz,1H),7.75(dd,J=8.3,1.2Hz,1H),7.64(ddd,J=8.1,7.2,1.2Hz,1H),7.52–7.38(m,4H),6.98–6.87(m,2H),5.12(s,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ161.63,154.29,150.32,147.26,142.63,136.32,135.40,131.83,129.11,128.16,127.92,126.96,122.90,121.03,120.76,48.04.ESI-MSm/z,calcd for C20H14brN3O+[M+H]+:393.25;found,393.3.
在100mL双颈瓶中,在N2气氛下,将双(频哪醇)二硼(9mmol),KOAc(18mmol)和化合物2b(6mmol)溶解在35mL的1,4-二氧六环中,体系抽真空3次,然后将Pd(dppf)Cl2(0.3mmol)加入到体系中,再抽真空2次,将混合物100℃反应回流过夜。通过柱色谱法纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=2∶1,v/v)获得化合物3b,亮黄色固体(1.23g,产率46.8%).1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.64(d,J=4.9Hz,2H),8.25(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.96–7.89(m,1H),7.75(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.65(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.54(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.44(d,J=5.0Hz,2H),6.97(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),5.18(s,2H),1.27(s,12H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ161.60,154.40,150.26,147.27,142.64,140.20,135.39,135.12,128.16,127.93,126.99,126.15,122.89,121.01,84.12,48.60,25.11.ESI-MS m/z,calcd for C26H26BN3O3 +[M+H]+:440.31;found,439.91.
在100mL单口瓶中,将(3-溴丙基)-三苯基磷盐(2.5mmol),碘化钠(2.5mmol)加至化合物3b(2.5mmol)的20mL乙腈溶液中,混合物加热回流反应36小时,通过TLC监测反应进程。反应结束后,真空旋蒸除去溶剂,然后用水稀释并用二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机相。有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥并真空浓缩,所得粗产物通过柱色谱法纯化(二氯甲烷:甲醇=30∶1,v/v),得到黄色固体(220.2mg,产率20.1%).1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.18(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),8.64(d,J=4.9Hz,1H),8.26(q,J=7.7,6.6Hz,3H),7.93(q,J=9.3,7.9Hz,4H),7.80(p,J=6.9Hz,12H),7.65(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.54(d,J=6.9Hz,2H),7.45(d,J=4.9Hz,1H),7.08(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.97(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),5.16(d,J=15.2Hz,2H),4.80(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.74(d,J=14.6Hz,2H),2.31(s,2H),1.27(s,12H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ161.29,150.25,146.34,142.65,140.21,135.65,135.43,135.19,135.11,134.18,134.08,130.94,130.81,128.95,128.19,127.94,127.66,127.09,126.99,126.59,126.15,122.90,118.85,117.99,84.18,84.13,74.01,48.94,25.42,25.14,24.01.
实施例3
在100mL单口瓶中,加入15mL THF和靛红酸酐(12mmol),在室温搅拌溶解,然后加入3-溴苯乙氨基(12mmol)和三乙胺(12mmol),将混合物在室温下反应约3小时。柱色谱法(CH2Cl2)纯化粗产物后得到化合物1c为黄色固体(1.766g,产率46.1%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.26(s,1H),7.46(s,1H),7.40(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.26(d,J=5.2Hz,2H),7.12(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.68(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.49(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),6.33(s,2H),3.44(q,J=6.8Hz,2H),2.84(t,J=7.2Hz,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ169.36,150.01,143.07,132.03,131.93,130.87,129.41,128.41,128.32,122.07,116.76,115.35,115.01,40.56,35.02.ESI-MS m/z,calcd for C15H15brN2O+[M+Na]+:343.2;found,343.02
化合物1c(4mmol)和7-二乙氨基香豆素醛(4mmol)溶解在DMSO(15mL)中,将混合物在120℃下反应,得到化合物2c,橙黄色固体(1.15g,产率52.8%).1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.22(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.87(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.68(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.61(d,J=6.2Hz,2H),7.49(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.36(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.17(s,1H),7.11(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.93(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.80(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),6.64(s,1H),4.45(s,1H),3.90(s,1H),3.49(q,J=7.1Hz,4H),2.93(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.16(t,J=7.0Hz,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ161.49,159.93,157.34,152.39,152.08,147.47,145.60,141.34,134.85,131.99,131.00,130.74,129.83,128.14,127.61,126.69,122.32,120.95,115.06,110.07,107.44,96.84,47.20,44.79,33.70,12.76.ESI-MS m/z,calcd for C29H26BrN3O3 +[M+H]+:545.44;found,546.11.
在100mL双口瓶中,在N2气氛下,将双(频哪醇)二硼(9mmol),KOAc(18mmol)和化合物2c(6mmol)溶解在35mL的1,4-二氧六环中,体系抽真空3次,然后将Pd(dppf)Cl2(0.3mmol)加入到体系中,再抽真空2次,将混合物100℃反应回流过夜。柱色谱纯化(二氯甲烷∶甲醇=100∶1,v/v)得化合物3d,橙黄色固体(1.63g,产率45.8%).1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.24(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.88(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),7.67(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.62(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.50(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.41–7.34(m,2H),7.26(s,1H),7.19(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),6.99(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.78(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),6.62(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),4.46(s,1H),3.82(s,1H),3.47(d,J=9.7Hz,4H),2.95(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),1.18(s,12H),1.09–1.02(m,6H).13CNMR(101MHz,Chloroform-d)δ161.99,157.21,147.45,144.81,137.76,135.76,134.14,132.85,132.06,130.30,128.02,127.38,127.12,126.89,121.29,115.75,109.35,107.75,96.96,83.68,47.89,44.88,34.00,24.87,24.78,12.45.ESI-MS m/z,calcd forC35H39BN2O2 +[M+H]+:592.5;found,592.3.
实施例4
将CQB(0.03mmol,20.0mg)溶解在10mL CH3CN和10mLH2O中,并在搅拌期间添加0.2mL浓HCl。将混合物在室温搅拌过夜。然后在减压下蒸发CH3CN,并将混合物用饱和NaHCO3中和至pH 6-7。通过过滤收集沉淀物,并用石油醚洗涤。残余物通过柱色谱法纯化(CH3OH∶CH2Cl2=1∶20),得到4a,为黄色固体(14.5mg,85%产率)。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.20(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.02(s,1H),7.95(s,2H),7.90(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.74(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.62(m,3H),7.41(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.00(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),6.74(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),6.61(s,1H),5.57(d,J=12.4Hz,1H),4.96(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),3.47(q,J=6.6Hz,4H),1.14(t,J=6.6Hz,6H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ162.21,160.15,157.31,152.18,151.96,145.47,141.89,135.84,134.54,133.99,130.03,127.49,127.20,126.56,121.06,115.34,109.53,107.49,96.89,48.05,44.98,12.42.ESI-MS m/z,calcd for C28H27BN3O5 +[M+H]+:496;found,496.
实施例5
50mL单口瓶中,向化合物3d(236.6mg,0.4mmol)在10mL乙腈中的溶液中添加10mL水和500uL浓盐酸,混合物在室温下反应过夜,将体系过滤并将粗产物通过乙醇重结晶纯化以获得目标化合物4b,橙黄色固体(134.5mg,产率63.8%).1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.24(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.89(s,2H),7.86(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.68(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.62(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.48(s,1H),7.43(d,J=10.5Hz,2H),7.11(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.93(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.77(d,J=9.4Hz,1H),6.62(s,1H),4.45(s,1H),3.86(s,1H),3.49(q,J=7.1Hz,4H),2.93(s,2H),1.16(t,J=7.1Hz,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ161.53,157.25,152.44,152.07,147.51,145.54,137.31,135.07,132.77,131.03,130.71,127.97,127.83,127.68,126.73,120.98,115.00,110.14,107.32,96.82,47.44,44.69,34.19,12.81.ESI-MS m/z,calcd for C30H32bN3O5 +[M+Na]+:524.4;found,524.22.
对比例1
化合物1a(4mmol)和1-萘甲醛(4mmol)溶解在DMSO(15mL)中,将混合物在120℃下反应,得到2d,为黄色固体(1.20g,产率68.2%).1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.30(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),8.08(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),8.02(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.92(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.73(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.66(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.54(d,J=16.0Hz,4H),7.43(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.26(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),6.73(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),5.17(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),4.69(d,J=15.9Hz,1H).13CNMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ161.93,156.89,155.46,147.55,135.13,133.17,132.63,130.60,130.26,128.84,128.49,127.84,127.79,127.16,127.12,126.99,126.93,125.42,124.98,121.34,115.37,47.99.ESI-MS m/z,calcd for C25H17BrN2O+[M+H]+:442.32;found,443.0.
在100mL双口瓶中,在N2气氛下,将双(频哪醇)二硼(9mmol),KOAc(18mmol)和化合物2d(6mmol)溶解在35mL的1,4-二氧六环中,体系抽真空3次,然后将Pd(dppf)Cl2(0.3mmol)加入到体系中,再抽真空2次,将混合物100℃反应回流过夜。柱色谱纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=3∶1,v/v)得到3e,为白色固体(1.32g,产率45.2%).1HNMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.48(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.96(dd,J=12.7,8.3Hz,2H),7.84(d,J=6.7Hz,2H),7.64–7.59(m,1H),7.55(dd,J=8.0,2.5Hz,4H),7.48–7.39(m,2H),6.78(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),5.59(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),4.60(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),1.34(s,12H).13C NMR(101MHz,Chloroform-d)δ162.43,155.37,147.44,139.65,134.78,134.63,133.38,132.06,130.49,130.17,128.63,127.76,127.53,127.37,127.23,126.89,126.56,126.48,125.06,124.19,121.17,83.77,48.66,24.86,24.81.ESI-MS m/z,calcd for C31H29BN2O3 +[M+H]+:489.38;found,489.18.
对比例2
化合物1a(4mmol)和4-羟基苯甲醛(4mmol)溶解在DMSO(15mL)中,将混合物在120℃下反应得到2e,为白色固体(1.10g,产率67.4%).1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.93(s,1H),8.18(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.85(q,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.70(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.56(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.43(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.29(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),6.92(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),6.80(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),5.18(s,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ162.08,159.14,156.72,147.54,136.91,135.15,131.76,130.18,129.03,127.75,127.41,126.83,126.29,120.62,120.54,115.41,48.41.ESI-MS m/z,calcd for C21H15brN2O2 +[M+H]+:408.26;found,409.00
在100mL双口瓶中,在N2气氛下,将双(频哪醇)二硼(9mmol),KOAc(18mmol)和化合物2e(6mmol)溶解在35mL的1,4-二氧六环中,体系抽真空3次,然后将Pd(dppf)Cl2(0.3mmol)加入到体系中,再抽真空2次,将混合物100℃反应回流过夜。柱色谱纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=3:1,v/v)得到3f,为白色固体(785.5mg,产率32.2%).1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.91(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),8.18(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.87(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.70(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.55(d,J=7.2Hz,3H),7.28(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),6.98(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),6.77(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),5.23(s,2H),1.27(s,12H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ162.06,159.11,156.86,147.55,140.85,135.16,135.06,130.17,127.74,127.42,126.84,126.30,126.07,120.59,115.37,84.10,49.04,25.11.ESI-MS m/z,calcd for C27H27BN2O4 +[M+H]+:455.33;found,455.08.
实施例6
将CQB(0.1mmol,57.8mg)溶解在3mL甲醇中,加入过量的H2O2(1.5eq),并将溶液在室温搅拌,随后进行薄层层析法(TLC)跟踪反应进度。反应完成后,减压蒸发甲醇,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取,经硫酸钠干燥,并减压蒸发,得到黄色固体(30.1mg,65%产率);1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.35(s,1H),8.20(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.98(s,1H),7.88(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.72(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.61(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.45(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),6.84(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),6.77(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),6.63(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),6.56(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),5.48(d,J=15.4Hz,1H),4.79(d,J=15.4Hz,1H),3.48(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),1.15(t,J=7.0Hz,6H).13CNMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ161.71,159.94,157.28,157.09,152.52,152.08,147.48,145.77,135.22,130.90,128.58,127.96,127.74,127.34,126.92,120.95,115.62,115.25,110.13,107.36,96.76,47.46,44.67,12.80.ESI-MS m/z,calcd for C28H26N3O4 +[M+H]+:468;found,468.
实施例7
在氮气保护下,将CQP(0.05mmol)和NaH(0.05mmol)溶解在10mLTHF中,溶液在室温下反应1小时,然后加入CH3I(0.1mmol)到反应混合物中继续反应。TLC跟踪反应进程。反应结束后,加入水和乙酸乙酯进行萃取,用无水硫酸钠干燥并真空蒸发。残余物通过柱色谱法纯化,得到化合物CQP-Me,为橙黄色固体(11.2mg,45%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.21(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.99(s,1H),7.89(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.72(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.61(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.44(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),6.98(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),6.76(t,J=9.0Hz,3H),6.63(s,1H),5.53(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),4.87(s,1H),3.65(s,3H),3.53–3.44(m,4H),1.15(t,J=7.0Hz,6H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ162.28,160.14,158.87,157.29,152.12,151.86,147,39,145.28,134.30,129.98,128.83,127.42,127.28,127.18,121.30,115.98,113.88,109.45,107.60,96.98,55.22,47.37,44.97,12.46.ESI-MS m/z,calcd forC29H27N3O4 C29H28N3O4 +[M+H]+:482;found,482.
实施例8
化合物CQB与H2O2在ACN:H2O=1:1(v/v)溶液中的反应产物HPLC检测:反应体系如下:CQB(100μM),CQP(100μM),H2O2浓度分布为125μM,250μM,500μM。将CQB(100μM)与不同浓度H2O2分别在室温下反应1h后进行HPLC检测。实验表明如图5所示,在谱图中发现随着H2O2浓度的增加,CQB的峰降低,而出现了产物CQP的峰,表明化合物CQB在与H2O2可以并且完全反应生成含有苯酚结构的化合物CQP。
实施例9
显色反应捕捉邻醌结构的生成:3-甲基-2-苯并噻唑啉酮腙(MBTH)检测化合物邻醌结构的生成。
首先检测化合物CQP与TYR反应产物的邻醌结构的捕捉。在产物结构的检测过程中,分别设置以下反应体系:
1.CQP(100μM);2.TYR(57U)-MBTH(50mM);3.CQP(100μM)-MBTH(50mM);4.CQP(100μM)-TYR(57U);5.CQP(100μM)-TYR(57U)-MBTH(50mM)。
再次对化合物CQB与H2O2和TYR级联反应的产物结构进行捕捉,分别设置以下反应体系:
1.CQB(100μM);2.CQB(100μM)-H2O2(125μM)-MBTH(50mM);3.CQB(100μM)-H2O2(125μM)-TYR(57U)-MBTH(50mM);4.CQB(100μM)-TYR(57U)-MBTH(50mM);5.TYR(57U)-MBTH(50mM)。
在实验过程中,CQP与TYR、MBTH 37℃水浴反应2h,观察颜色变化;CQB首先与H2O237℃水浴反应10min,之后在反应体系中加入TYR、MBTH,再次37℃水浴反应5h,观察实验现象。如图6所示,在化合物CQP与TYR反应产物结构的检测过程中,可以观察到MBTH与CQP和TYR反应的产物快速产生粉色物质,但是在其他的没有同时存在CQP、TYR和MBTH的ep管中未观察到颜色变化,以此明显捕捉到邻醌结构的生成,说明了化合物CQP可以与TYR反应产生含有邻醌结构的反应产物。在化合物CQB和H2O2与TYR的反应产物结构验证过程中,明显观察到MBTH与化合物CQB和H2O2与TYR的反应产物反应并产生暗粉色物质,捕捉到邻醌结构的出现。但是此反应的反应速度要比MBTH与CQP和TYR反应的产物生成粉色物质要慢,推测这可能是因为CQP与TYR反应仅需要一步即可生成产物,而CQB和H2O2与TYR的反应需要两步才能生成产物,并且可能因为H2O2的存在而对TYR的催化活性产生了一定影响。虽然CQB的反应速度较慢了一点,但是实验现象仍表明化合物CQB在H2O2与TYR的级联作用下邻醌结构的生成,验证了反应机理。
实施例10
分别对化合物CQB及其与H2O2和TYR反应前后以及CQP与TYR反应前后进行紫外光谱检测和荧光光谱检测。在光谱测试过程中所用到的反应体系如下:磷酸盐缓冲液(PBSbuffer,10mM,pH 6.5),化合物CQB及CQP的终浓度为10μM,H2O2的终浓度为125μM,TYR的终浓度为60U/mL。CQB首先与H2O237℃水浴反应2h,之后在反应体系中加入酪氨酸酶,再次37℃水浴反应12h;CQP与酪氨酸酶37℃水浴反应12h,其中反应体系:1mL。(激发波长:430nm,狭缝宽度:5.0nm,电压:450V),石英比色皿狭缝宽度为5mm。如图7所示,紫外光谱表明CQB与H2O2反应之后最大吸收红移20nm,这与化合物CQP的最大吸收刚好重合;CQB与H2O2反应之后再继续与TYR反应,体系最大吸收又再次蓝移25nm,这与化合物CQP和TYR反应之后的紫外吸收又再次重合,间接的表明产物结构的变化;荧光光谱表明CQB与H2O2反应之后荧光大幅度下降,此时荧光与化合物CQP的荧光信号一致,在继续加入TYR反应之后荧光强度又略微上升,这个实验现象与CQP和TYR反应的实验现象相同。紫外和荧光光谱实验均表明CQB可以在H2O2和TYR的级联作用下发生反应。
实施例11
不同细胞系细胞内酪氨酸酶活性检测:分别取正常人肝细胞系(LO2),原代人表皮黑素细胞(HEMs),肝癌细胞系(HepG2)和黑素瘤细胞系(B16),将细胞密度稀释至5×104细胞/mL,将100μL细胞悬液接种到96孔板中,并在5%CO2恒温箱中培养12h使其贴壁,每种细胞系细胞设置3个复孔。向每个孔中添加200μLPBS并洗涤两次以除去培养基和血清,每孔添加100μL 1%tritionX-100,摇动5min,然后将其置于-20℃的冰箱1h,然后在室温下融化以完全裂解细胞。向每个孔中加入100μL 0.1%L-DOPA,在0min处测量反应混合物体系在475nm处的吸光度,然后将96孔板在37℃下孵育2h使细胞内的酪氨酸酶完全与L-DOPA反应,使用酶标仪再次测量溶液在475nm处的吸光度。以混合溶液在475nm处的吸光度的改变来表示细胞内酪氨酸酶活性的高低。如图8所示,数据表明,在黑色素瘤细胞内表达出超高活性的酪氨酸酶水平,原代人表皮黑色素细胞也表达出一定量的酪氨酸酶活性,而另外两种细胞则表现出可以忽略的酪氨酸酶水平。
实施例12
取四种不同的细胞系细胞来进行细胞增殖实验:正常人肝细胞系(LO2),原代人表皮黑素细胞(HEMs),肝癌细胞系(HepG2)和黑素瘤细胞系(B16)。分别取一定量处于对数生长期的细胞铺到24孔板中,待细胞贴壁之后,加入15μM不含双抗的培养基作为实验组,加入0μM不含双抗的培养基作为对照组,每组设置三个复孔。每隔24小时消化细胞并记录细胞数量,实验记录0-4天每种细胞的细胞增值数量,观察化合物CQB对不同细胞生长趋势的作用效果。实验数据如图9所示,当化合物CQB的浓度为15μM时就对黑色素瘤B16细胞的增值产生了较强的抑制作用效果,而对其他细胞系细胞的增值抑制作用不明显,表明了前药激活作用的高特异性。
实施例13
选择四种不同的细胞系细胞来进行细胞毒性检测:分别取5×103个不同细胞系的细胞铺到96孔板中,放入5%CO2恒温箱中培养12h使其贴壁,之后分别更换含有化合物CQB、3c-3f、CQP、4a-4b、CQP-Me的无双抗培养基,化合物浓度梯度分别为50μM、25μM、12.5μM、6.25μM、3.125μM、0μM,每个浓度梯度设置3个复孔。待48h之后,每孔避光加入10μL浓度为5mg/mL的MTT,继续放入培养箱中培养4h,取出96孔板,用排枪缓慢吸出上清液,注意不要吸出培养板底部紫色固体。之后每孔加入150μLDMSO,放置摇床10min,使孔板底部结晶充分溶解。最后以酶标仪检测490nm处溶液吸光度,每种化合物对每种细胞作用之后的细胞存活率(VR)计算如下:
VR=Abs/Abscontrol×100%
Abs:实验组溶液的吸光度,Abscontrol:对照组溶液的吸光度。
化合物对不同细胞系细胞的毒性结果如下表1所示。前药CQB仅对黑色素瘤B16细胞表现出较大的细胞毒性,而对其他细胞系的细胞毒性不明显;对于化合物CQP而言,除了对B16细胞的毒性较强,对于有一定的TYR表达水平的HEMs细胞也表现出了相当大的细胞毒性;而阴性对照化合物CQP-Me和不具有线粒体靶向功能的化合物3e-3f对四种细胞系的细胞毒性均不明显。CQB、CQP及CQP-Me三者的细胞毒性结果验证了该发明关于双生物活性因子级联激活的抗黑色素瘤前药设计策略的有效性。其他前药如含三苯基膦取代的前药3c,R1基团为间位取代、n=2的前药3d,以及R1基团为硼酸的前药如4a、4b都表现出对黑色素瘤B16细胞的选择性杀伤效果,进一步验证了该策略的适用性。
表1 IC50值(μM)
实施例14
细胞凋亡检测:12孔板中每孔分别接种不同细胞系的细胞约7×104个,待贴壁后,用无双抗培养基配20μM CQB并处理细胞24h,同时以不含CQB的样品作为对照组。24h后弃液,以PBS洗贴壁细胞1次,胰酶消化(避免消化过度),加入培基终止反应,收集细胞,取5×104个细胞,1000g离心5分钟,弃上清,加入195μL Annexin V-FITC结合液,加入5μLAnnexin V-FITC染料,加入10μL PI染色液(每次加入试剂并用移液器轻轻混匀),室温避光反应15min(反应过程中重悬2次),后置于冰上保存,300目尼龙网过滤细胞后,采用流式细胞仪检测(每个细胞样品收集1×104个细胞)。细胞凋亡情况如图10所示,CQB选择性地诱导黑色素瘤细胞大量凋亡,与未用CQB处理(Control)的细胞样品相比,以20μM CQB处理细胞之后黑色素瘤B16细胞的细胞凋亡率增加了将近80%,而其他三种细胞系细胞的细胞凋亡率仅仅增加了不足2%。
实施例15
前药CQB的线粒体共定位检测:将B16细胞铺到confocal皿中,放入细胞培养中18h使其贴壁。移去原有的培养基,将含有100nM的商业线粒体定位试剂与细胞孵育30分钟,用PBS洗涤两次,更换含有5μM CQB的培养基继续孵育3h。将confocal皿从培养箱中取出,用PBS洗涤3次以除去皿中的化合物,化合物CQB和线粒体染色试剂的共定位作用立即通过荧光共聚焦显微镜检测。分别在561nm的激发波长收集570-620nm的荧光,此时为商业的线粒体定位试剂的红色荧光;在405nm的激发波长收集500-550nm的荧光,此时为前药CQB进入细胞内所显示的绿色荧光。共聚焦荧光成像图如图11所示,数据表明CQB线粒体共定位系数为0.85,证明其主要分布在细胞的线粒体中。
实施例16
细胞线粒体膜电位检测:取一定量细胞铺到24孔板中,贴壁12h,以含有20μM CQB的无双抗培养基孵育细胞24h,同时以不含CQB的样品作为对照组。孵育之后以PBS洗三次,分别取2×105个细胞,重悬于0.5mL不含双抗的细胞培养液中,加入0.5mL JC-1染色工作液并混匀,将细胞放置于细胞培养箱中孵育20分钟后收集细胞。每个样品用1mL JC-1染色缓冲液(1X)洗涤2次,最后加入300μL JC-1染色缓冲液(1X)重悬并置于冰上保存,300目尼龙网过滤细胞后,以流式细胞仪分析实验样品(每个样品收集1×104个细胞)。实验结果如图12所示,当用20μM CQB处理黑色素瘤细胞24h后,B16细胞中的MMP明显降低了40%,计算得到P值小于0.0001,具有显著性差异,证明了前药CQB处理之后对黑色素瘤细胞的线粒体造成了损伤。而在其他三个细胞系中,MMP的变化可忽略不计。
实施例17
细胞线粒体形态变化检测:分别取生长状态良好的上述四种细胞系细胞铺到confocal培养皿中,放入培养箱中12h使其贴壁,更换含有20μM CQB的无双抗培养基,同时不含CQB的样品作为对照组,并于培养箱中分别孵育6小时或24小时后,PBS洗涤两次,然后将细胞与线粒体红色染料孵育30分钟。取出培养皿,以4%的多聚甲醛固定细胞,最后通过共聚焦显微镜对样品细胞的线粒体形态进行检测。如图13所示,经20μM CQB处理的B16细胞孵育6h后,线粒体形态无明显变化,说明此时反应时间较短,反应尚未完全,还暂时没有激活前药并损伤细胞线粒体。但经24h孵育后,第二排放大的图像可以很明显的看出来线粒体形态由原来的线状变成了颗粒状,发生了显着变化,证明B16细胞的线粒体被破坏。相反,在其他三个细胞系孵育6h和24h之后,细胞线粒体形态都没有明显改变,证明了前药被H2O2和TYR选择性激活并选择性的损伤黑色素瘤细胞的线粒体,从而导致了黑色素瘤细胞线粒体形态的改变,而对其他细胞系没有明显作用。
综上所述,本发明提供一种双生物活性因子激活的抗黑色素瘤前药的合成及应用,主要通过HPLC、显色反应、紫外荧光光谱研究了化合物CQB与在H2O2和TYR的级联激活作用下的荧光性质及其作用机理;通过细胞生长抑制、细胞毒性、细胞凋亡实验验证了前药CQB可以选择性的抑制黑色素瘤细胞的增值,产生细胞凋亡并诱导细胞凋亡;并且利用荧光共聚焦显微镜检测CQB细胞内定位,观察到前药定位于线粒体内;利用JC-1探针证明CQB导致黑色素瘤细胞线粒体膜电位下降。所有结果最终证明前药CQB可诱发黑色素瘤细胞线粒体功能障碍,造成线粒体损伤,最终选择性诱导黑色素瘤细胞的凋亡。
Claims (8)
2.根据权利要求1所述的双生物活性因子级联激活的抗黑色素瘤前药,其特征在于:所述n为1或2。
3.根据权利要求2所述的双生物活性因子级联激活的抗黑色素瘤前药,其特征在于:所述香豆素取代基为含有C1~C5的烷基、氨基或C1~C5的烷基取代的胺基、烷氧基、卤素、氰基、羟基、硝基取代基的香豆素基团。
4.根据权利要求2所述的双生物活性因子级联激活的抗黑色素瘤前药,其特征在于:所述三苯基膦取代基为含有三苯基膦基团的脂肪烃基、芳基或杂环芳基。
5.根据权利要求4所述的双生物活性因子级联激活的抗黑色素瘤前药,其特征在于:所述脂肪烃基为C2~C10的脂肪烃基;所述芳基包括苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基或者含C1~C5的烷基、烷氧基、卤素、氰基、羟基、硝基中至少一种取代基的苯基;所述杂环芳基为五元杂环或六元杂环取代基。
7.根据权利要求6所述的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述式1化合物和R-CHO的摩尔比为1:1;
步骤(2)中,所述式2化合物和双(频哪醇)二硼、KOAc、Pd(dppf)Cl2的摩尔比为1:1.5:3:0.05。
8.权利要求1-5任一项所述的双生物活性因子级联激活的抗黑色素瘤前药或权利要求6-7任一项所述的合成方法合成的双生物活性因子级联激活的抗黑色素瘤前药在制备抗黑色素瘤药物中的应用。
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