CN113166067A - 用于治疗胃肠疾病的化合物和方法 - Google Patents
用于治疗胃肠疾病的化合物和方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113166067A CN113166067A CN201980077999.0A CN201980077999A CN113166067A CN 113166067 A CN113166067 A CN 113166067A CN 201980077999 A CN201980077999 A CN 201980077999A CN 113166067 A CN113166067 A CN 113166067A
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Abstract
本公开涉及当与药效团键合时使所述药效团经历首过代谢的化学部分。通过经历首过代谢,可使药效团具有较低的生物利用度。此类化合物和相关的药物组合物可用于糖尿病性和非糖尿病性胃肠紊乱的靶向治疗,在胃肠道之外的体循环最少。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求2018年9月28日提交的美国临时专利申请号62/738,162的优先权权益,所述临时专利申请特此以引用的方式整体并入。
背景技术
据估计2型糖尿病(DM2)影响美国所有人口的高达12%。1不幸的是,DM2的发病率正在增加,尤其是在儿科群体中。2DM2的代谢和血管后遗症是众所周知的;然而,DM2患者还患有可涉及胃(胃轻瘫)、小肠(小肠细菌过度生长[SIBO])和结肠(慢传输型便秘)的肠神经病。3-6这些疾患可破坏生活质量并干扰营养,这进而使实现血糖正常的努力变得复杂。3-7这些胃肠疾患的流行率尚不明确,但研究估计高达20%的糖尿病患者改变了胃运动8,并且在1995年与2004年之间,糖尿病性胃轻瘫的住院率增加了158%。9美国目前可用于胃轻瘫的一些药物治疗引起永久性神经系统并发症(迟发性运动障碍)的风险,10-12,同时用于SIBO的治疗昂贵且不持久,6,13预期大多数患者复发。
因此,需要开发用于治疗糖尿病和非糖尿性病胃肠疾病的其他组合物。
发明内容
本公开涉及在体内创建由腔胃肠道组成的药物隔室,其中药物在体循环中具有低浓度的同时达到治疗有效量(足以引起所需治疗效果的化合物的浓度)(例如,低于有效浓度的50%,或甚至低于有效浓度的10%)。在某些实施方案中,本公开涉及包含药效团和靶向部分的化合物,其中所述靶向部分使所述药效团经历首过代谢,优选地至显著程度,例如使得所述化合物的血浆水平保持低于有效浓度,优选低于有效浓度的50%,或甚至低于有效浓度的10%。
本公开进一步涉及包含此类化合物的药物组合物,以及例如通过将所述化合物施用于患有糖尿病性或非糖尿病性胃肠紊乱的受试者来施用此类化合物的方法。
本公开进一步涉及用于治疗有需要的受试者的糖尿病性或非糖尿病性胃肠紊乱的方法,所述方法包括施用此类化合物。
在其他实施方案中,本公开涉及一种化学部分,其中当所述部分与药效团共价键合时,所述部分使所述药效团经历首过代谢,优选地至显著程度,例如使得所述化合物的血浆水平保持低于有效浓度,优选低于有效浓度的50%,或甚至低于有效浓度的10%。
具体实施方式
在某些实施方案中,本公开的化合物可用于治疗DM2的某些并发症,如通过治疗DM2的那些并发症特有的潜在病理生理学。可用本公开的化合物治疗的DM2的并发症包括但不限于胃轻瘫、SIBO和便秘。所述化合物可用于治疗糖尿病患者,包括但不限于具有胃轻瘫的症状、SIBO的症状和/或便秘的症状的糖尿病患者,或者用于治疗具有类似疾患的非糖尿病患者。这些化合物旨在在胃肠道内起作用并在肝脏中快速加工,并且在到达体循环之前从患者的门脉循环中消除,从而减少或消除全身性副作用。本公开的化合物可每天一次或多次口服施用,例如就在每餐之前、在就餐时或在餐后施用。此外,取决于患者的状况和/或症状,可配制化合物,以使得活性成分在胃肠道的目标组成部分(例如,胃对比小肠对比结肠)中选择性地释放。
在某些实施方案中,本公开涉及一种化合物,所述化合物包含药效团和靶向部分;其中所述靶向部分使所述药效团例如在肝脏中经历显著首过代谢。
通过经历显著首过代谢,可使药效团具有较低的全身生物利用度,例如以选择性地使胃肠道暴露于药效团,而在体循环中的暴露有限。全身生物利用度是关键的药代动力学参数,表示通过非血管途径施用的进入体循环的药物的比例。如本文所用,术语“全身生物利用度”是本领域公认的,并且是指物质或其活性部分从药物形式递送并在体循环中变得可用的程度和速率。14全身生物利用度可使用本领域已知的任何合适的手段来测量,包括但不限于用于测量药代动力学参数AUC、Cmax和Tmax的那些手段。
在各种实施方案中,全身生物利用度小于10%、小于5%或甚至小于1%。如本文所用,以百分比表示的全身生物利用度是指摄入的摩尔质量的百分比。全身生物利用度(%)可使用本领域已知的任何合适的手段来测量。例如,可通过对门静脉(肝前)和上腔静脉/右心房(肝后)采样来评估全身生物利用度。另外,取决于化合物,可将蛋白酶抑制剂添加至新鲜采集的血液中以防止降解。例如,可通过添加牛胰碱性胰蛋白酶抑制剂(也称为“抑肽酶”)来保护肽免于降解。
在某些实施方案中,靶向部分包含至少一个硝酸酯(-ONO2)基团,优选至少两个硝酸酯基团。在某些此类实施方案中,靶向部分选自:
其中n、p和q各自独立地是1-4的整数;并且
m是0-5的整数。
在其他实施方案中,靶向部分包含至少三个硝酸酯基团。
在某些优选的实施方案中,靶向部分包含胆汁酸(例如熊去氧胆酸)的残基。不希望受任何特定理论束缚,据信使用胆汁酸具有促进肠肝循环的附加优点,并且因此可增加胃肠腔隔室内的生物利用度。
药效团和靶向部分可直接连接或通过连接部分连接,所述连接部分如烷基链和/或一个或多个包含在生理条件下不易裂解的键的官能团,如酰胺、脲、氨基甲酸酯、醚、胺、砜和杂环(例如,通过点击化学形成的杂环,如炔烃与腈氧化物、叠氮化物等的[3+2]环加成)。
合适的药效团包括优选地在选择性基础上能够与生物受体相互作用(例如,活化或失活、激动或拮抗)的化学部分。在一些实施方案中,药效团实质上是共价连接至化合物的其余部分的药物分子;即,当连接至前述部分时保留其与其所靶向的作为所述化合物一部分的受体相互作用的能力并具有其自身的生物活性的药效团。
在某些实施方案中,药效团是抗糖尿病剂的残基,所述抗糖尿病剂如二肽基肽酶-4抑制剂、胰高血糖素样肽-1激动剂、胰高血糖素受体拮抗剂或胰高血糖素样肽-2激动剂;另外的药效团可以是促胃肠动力剂、免疫调节剂、炎症调节药物或抗肿瘤剂的残基。在某些实施方案中,抗糖尿病剂是胰高血糖素受体拮抗剂,如异丝氨酸、β-丙氨酸衍生物、双环19-残基肽BI-32169、Des-His1-[Glu9]胰高血糖素酰胺、5-羟基烷基-4-苯基吡啶、N-[3-氰基-6-(1,1二甲基丙基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-1-苯并噻吩-2-基]-2-乙基丁酰胺、醌茜素(Skyrin)和NNC 250926。异丝氨酸具有以下结构:
在一些方面中,胰高血糖素受体拮抗剂是NNC 250926。NNC 250926具有以下结构:
本领域普通技术人员将理解,可将生物活性药物化合物作为药效团以多种空间取向中的任一种以及在多个可取代位置中的任一个处掺入本发明的化合物中,如本文所描述。本领域普通技术人员可容易地合成许多这样的化合物,以确定对于给定应用哪些取向和连接性表现出可接受的生物活性。在示例性实施方案中,含有具有适当取向和连接性的药效团的化合物保留母体生物活性药物化合物的生物活性类型,尽管携带药效团的化合物的活性可比母体生物活性药物化合物的活性更强或更弱。在某些实施方案中,当药效团表现出母体化合物的生物活性的至少99%、98%、95%、90%、85%、80%、75%、70%、65%、60%、55%或50%时,确定合适的取向和连接性。
通常,本公开的化合物被配置为实质上对肝脏中的首过代谢敏感,例如,以使得药效团具有低全身生物利用度。例如,将药效团连接至靶向部分的支架的键优选在生理条件下不水解(例如,缺乏酯、硫酯、缩醛、缩酮或其他酸或碱不稳定性键)。
在某些实施方案中,选择药效团以限制从门脉循环至体循环的转变,例如,限制通过肠道的吸收。虽然分子大小是可能导致分子抵抗从门脉循环进入体循环的一个因素,但电荷和极性也可发挥重要作用。
在某些实施方案中,本公开涉及化学部分,其中,当所述部分与药效团共价键合时,所述部分使所述药效团经历首过代谢。在某些此类实施方案中,化学部分抑制药效团在肝前肠道中经历首过代谢和/或使药效团在肝脏中经历首过代谢。在某些实施方案中,化学部分包含至少一个硝酸酯(-ONO2)基团,优选至少两个硝酸酯(-ONO2)基团。在某些此类实施方案中,化学部分选自:
其中n、p和q各自独立地是1-4的整数;并且
m是0-5的整数。
在其他实施方案中,化学部分包含至少三个硝酸酯(-ONO2)基团。
在优选的实施方案中,化学部分包含胆汁酸(例如熊去氧胆酸)的残基,所述胆汁酸具有促进肠肝循环的附加优点,并且因此可增加胃肠腔隔室内的生物利用度。
在另一个方面,本公开涉及诱导药效团的首过代谢的方法,所述方法包括将化学部分共价连接至药效团。
在另一个方面,本发明提供了药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含本文所述的化合物,任选地与一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂混合。优选地,所述组合物适合用于口服施用,无论是呈固体(片剂、胶囊、囊片等)、液体(悬浮液、溶液等)还是其他口服施用的制剂形式。
在另一个方面,本发明提供了用于施用本文所述的化合物的方法,例如通过向患有糖尿病性或非糖尿病性胃肠紊乱、优选糖尿病的受试者施用有效量的所述化合物。
类似地,本公开提供了用于治疗有需要的受试者的糖尿病性或非糖尿病性胃肠紊乱的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用本文所述的化合物。在某些优选的实施方案中,所述方法是用于治疗糖尿病的方法。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的化合物可具有一个或多个手性中心,无论是在药效团、靶向部分还是连接部分中。在某些此类实施方案中,本发明的化合物可富含一种或多种非对映异构体或一种或多种对映异构体。例如,本发明的化合物可具有大于30%de、40%de、50%de、60%de、70%de、80%de、90%de或甚至95%或更大de。富含非对映体的组合物或混合物可包含例如至少60mol%的一种非对映异构体,或更优选至少75mol%、90mol%、95mol%或甚至mol%。在某些实施方案中,富含一种非对映异构体的化合物基本上不含其他非对映异构体,其中基本上不含是指与例如组合物或化合物混合物中的主要非对映异构体的量相比,其他非对映异构体占小于10%、或小于5%、或小于4%、或小于3%、或小于2%、或小于1%。例如,如果组合物或化合物混合物包含98克的第一非对映异构体和2克的第二非对映异构体,那么可以说其含有98mol%的第一非对映异构体和仅2%的第二非对映异构体。在某些实施方案中,本发明的化合物可具有大于30%ee、40%ee、50%ee、60%ee、70%ee、80%ee、90%ee或甚至95%或更大ee。富含对映体的组合物或混合物可包含例如至少60mol%的一种对映异构体,或更优选至少75mol%、90mol%、95mol%或甚至99mol%。在某些实施方案中,富含一种对映异构体的化合物基本上不含其他对映异构体,其中基本上不含是指与例如组合物或化合物混合物中的主要对映异构体的量相比,其他对映异构体占小于10%、或小于5%、或小于4%、或小于3%、或小于2%、或小于1%。例如,如果组合物或化合物混合物包含98克的第一对映异构体和2克的第二对映异构体,那么可以说其含有98mol%的第一对映异构体和仅2%的第二对映异构体。本发明的化合物也可以是对映异构体的外消旋混合物。
本文描述的任何结构的化合物和这些化合物的任何组合物可用于制造用于治疗本文公开的任何疾病或疾患的药物。
定义
术语“酰基”是本领域公认的,并且是指由通式烃基C(O)-,优选烷基C(O)-表示的基团。
术语“酰基氨基”是本领域公认的,并且是指被酰基基团取代的氨基基团,并且可以例如由式烃基C(O)NH-表示。
术语“酰氧基”是本领域公认的,并且是指由通式烃基C(O)O-,优选烷基C(O)O-表示的基团。
术语“烷氧基”是指连接有氧的烷基,优选低级烷基。代表性烷氧基包括甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、叔丁氧基等。
术语“烷氧基烷基”是指被烷氧基取代的烷基基团,并且可以由通式烷基-O-烷基表示。
如本文所用,术语“烯基”是指含有至少一个双键的脂族基团,并且意欲包括“未取代的烯基”和“取代的烯基”两者,后者是指在烯基的一个或多个碳上具有置换氢的取代基的烯基部分。此类取代基可出现在包括或不包括在一个或多个双键中的一个或多个碳上。此外,此类取代基包括除了在稳定性禁止的情况下如下文所讨论的针对烷基基团所考虑的所有取代基。例如,考虑烯基被一个或多个烷基、碳环基、芳基、杂环基或杂芳基取代。
“烷基”或“烷烃”是完全饱和的直链或支链非芳族烃。通常,直链或支链烷基具有1至约20个碳原子,优选1至约10个,除非另外定义。直链和支链烷基的实例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、戊基和辛基。C1-C6直链或支链烷基也被称为“低级烷基”。
此外,在整个说明书、实施例和权利要求书中使用的术语“烷基”(或“低级烷基”)旨在包括“未取代的烷基”和“取代的烷基”,后者是指在烃主链的一个或多个碳上具有置换氢的取代基的烷基部分。如果没有另外说明,此类取代基可包括例如,卤素、羟基、羰基(如羧基、烷氧基羰基、甲酰基或酰基)、硫代羰基(如硫酯、硫代乙酸酯或硫代甲酸酯)、烷氧基、磷酰基、磷酸根、膦酸根、次膦酸根、氨基、酰胺基、脒、亚胺、氰基、硝基、叠氮基、巯基、烷硫基、硫酸根、磺酸根、氨磺酰基、磺酰胺基、磺酰基、杂环基、芳烷基或芳族或杂芳族部分。本领域技术人员将理解,如果合适,在烃链上取代的部分本身可被取代。例如,取代的烷基的取代基可包括氨基、叠氮基、亚氨基、酰胺基、磷酰基(包括膦酸根和次膦酸根)、磺酰基(包括硫酸根、磺酰胺基、氨磺酰基和磺酸根)和甲硅烷基以及醚、烷硫基、羰基(包括酮、醛、羧酸根和酯)、-CF3、-CN等的取代的和未取代的形式。示例性取代的烷基在下文描述。环烷基可进一步被烷基、烯基、烷氧基、烷硫基、氨基烷基、羰基取代的烷基、-CF3、-CN等取代。
当与诸如酰基、酰氧基、烷基、烯基、炔基或烷氧基的化学部分结合使用时,术语“Cx-y”意指包括在链中含有x至y个碳的基团。例如,术语“Cx-y烷基”是指取代的或未取代的饱和烃基,包括在链中含有x至y个碳的直链烷基和支链烷基,包括卤代烷基如三氟甲基和2,2,2-三氟乙基等。C0烷基表示其中基团位于末端位置的氢,如果基团位于内部则表示键。术语“C2-y烯基”和“C2-y炔基”是指长度和可能的取代与上述烷基相似、但分别含有至少一个双键或三键的取代的或未取代的不饱和脂族基团。
如本文所用,术语“烷基氨基”是指被至少一个烷基取代的氨基。
如本文所用,术语“烷硫基”是指被烷基取代的硫醇基,并且可由通式烷基S-表示。
如本文所用,术语“炔基”是指含有至少一个三键的脂肪族基团,并且意图包括“未取代的炔基”和“取代的炔基”两者,其中后者是指在炔基的一个或多个碳上具有置换氢的取代基的炔基部分。此类取代基可在包含或不包含于一个或多个三键中的一个或多个碳上发生。此外,此类取代基包括除了在稳定性禁止的情况下如上文所讨论的针对烷基基团所考虑的所有取代基。例如,考虑炔基被一个或多个烷基、碳环基、芳基、杂环基或杂芳基取代。
如本文所用,术语“酰胺”是指基团
其中每个R10独立地表示氢或烃基,或两个R10与它们所连接的N原子一起形成在环结构中具有4至8个原子的杂环。
术语“胺”和“氨基”是本领域公认的,并且是指未取代的和取代的胺及其盐,例如可由下式表示的部分
其中每个R10独立地表示氢或烃基,或两个R10与它们所连接的N原子一起形成在环结构中具有4至8个原子的杂环。
如本文所用,术语“氨基烷基”是指被氨基取代的烷基。
如本文所用,术语“芳烷基”是指被芳基基团取代的烷基基团。
如本文所用的术语“芳基”包括取代的或未取代的单环芳基,其中环的每个原子都是碳。优选环是5至7元环,更优选6元环。术语“芳基”还包括具有两个或更多个环的多环系统,其中两个或更多个碳是两个相邻环共有的,其中至少一个环是芳族的,例如,其他环可以是环烷基、环烯基、环炔基、芳基、杂芳基和/或杂环基。芳基包括苯、萘、菲、苯酚、苯胺等。
术语“氨基甲酸酯”是本领域公认的,并且是指以下基团
其中R9和R10独立地表示氢或烃基,如烷基,或者R9和R10与一个或多个居间原子一起形成在环结构中具有4至8个原子的杂环。
如本文所用,术语“碳环(carbocycle)”和“碳环的(carbocyclic)”是指其中环的每个原子为碳的饱和或不饱和环。术语碳环包括芳族碳环和非芳族碳环。非芳族碳环包括其中所有碳原子都饱和的环烷烃环和含有至少一个双键的环烯烃环。“碳环”包括5-7元单环和8-12元双环。双环碳环的每个环可选自饱和环、不饱和环和芳环。碳环包括双环分子,其中在两个环之间共享一个、两个或三个或更多个原子。术语“稠合碳环”是指其中每个环与另一个环共享两个相邻原子的双环碳环。稠合碳环的每个环可选自饱和环、不饱和环和芳环。在示例性实施方案中,芳环(例如苯基)可与饱和环或不饱和环(例如环己烷、环戊烷或环己烯)稠合。在化合价允许时,饱和双环、不饱和双环和芳族双环的任何组合均包括在碳环的定义中。示例性“碳环”包括环戊烷、环己烷、双环[2.2.1]庚烷、1,5-环辛二烯、1,2,3,4-四氢萘、双环[4.2.0]辛-3-烯、萘和金刚烷。示例性稠合碳环包括萘烷、萘、1,2,3,4-四氢萘、双环[4.2.0]辛烷、4,5,6,7-四氢-1H-茚和双环[4.1.0]庚-3-烯。“碳环”可在能够携带氢原子的任何一个或多个位置处被取代。
“环烷基”是完全饱和的环状烃。“环烷基”包括单环和双环。通常,除非另外定义,否则单环环烷基具有3至约10个碳原子,更通常3至8个碳原子。双环环烷基的第二环可选自饱和环、不饱和环和芳环。环烷基包括双环分子,其中在两个环之间共享一个、两个或三个或更多个原子。术语“稠合环烷基”是指其中每个环与另一个环共享两个相邻原子的双环环烷基。稠合双环环烷基的第二环可选自饱和环、不饱和环和芳环。“环烯基”是含有一个或多个双键的环状烃。
如本文所用,术语“碳环基烷基”是指被碳环基团取代的烷基。
术语“碳酸酯”是本领域公认的,并且是指基团-OCO2-R10,其中R10表示烃基。
如本文所用,术语“羧基”是指由式-CO2H表示的基团。
如本文所用,术语“酯”是指基团-C(O)OR10,其中OR10表示烃基。
如本文所用,术语“醚”是指通过氧连接至另一个烃基的烃基。因此,烃基基团的醚取代基可以是烃基-O-。醚可以是对称的或不对称的。醚的实例包括但不限于杂环-O-杂环和芳基-O-杂环。醚包括“烷氧基烷基”基团,其可以由通式烷基-O-烷基表示。
如本文所用,术语“卤基”和“卤素”意指卤素,并且包括氯、氟、溴和碘。
如本文所用,术语“杂芳烷基(hetaralkyl)”和“杂芳烷基(heteroaralkyl)”是指被杂芳基取代的烷基。
如本文所用,术语“杂烷基”是指碳原子和至少一个杂原子的饱和或不饱和链,其中没有两个杂原子相邻。
术语“杂芳基(heteroaryl)”和“杂芳基(hetaryl)”包括取代的或未取代的芳族单环结构,优选5元至7元环,更优选5元至6元环,其环结构包含至少一个杂原子、优选一至四个杂原子、更优选一个或两个杂原子。术语“杂芳基(heteroaryl)”和“杂芳基(hetaryl)”还包括具有两个或更多个环的多环系统,其中两个或更多个碳是两个相邻环共有的,其中至少一个环是杂芳族的,例如,其他环可以是环烷基、环烯基、环炔基、芳基、杂芳基和/或杂环基。杂芳基包括例如吡咯、呋喃、噻吩、咪唑、噁唑、噻唑、吡唑、吡啶、吡嗪、哒嗪和嘧啶等。
如本文所用,术语“杂原子”意指除碳或氢以外的任何元素的原子。优选的杂原子是氮、氧和硫。
术语“杂环基”、“杂环”和“杂环的”是指取代或未取代的非芳族环结构,优选3元至10元环,更优选3元至7元环,其环结构包含至少一个杂原子,优选一至四个杂原子,更优选一个或两个杂原子。术语“杂环基”和“杂环的”还包括具有两个或更多个环的多环系统,其中两个或更多个碳是两个相邻环共有的,其中至少一个环是杂环的,例如,其他环可以是环烷基、环烯基、环炔基、芳基、杂芳基和/或杂环基。杂环基包括例如哌啶、哌嗪、吡咯烷、吗啉、内酯、内酰胺等。
如本文所用,术语“杂环基烷基”是指被杂环基团取代的烷基。
如本文所用,术语“烃基”是指通过不具有=O或=S取代基的碳原子键合的基团,并且通常具有至少一个碳-氢键和主要为碳的主链,但是可任选地包含杂原子。因此,出于本申请的目的,诸如甲基、乙氧基乙基、2-吡啶基和三氟甲基的基团被认为是烃基,但是诸如乙酰基(其在连接碳上具有=O取代基)和乙氧基(其通过氧而不是碳连接)的取代基不被认为是烃基。烃基包括但不限于芳基、杂芳基、碳环、杂环基、烷基、烯基、炔基以及它们的组合。
如本文所用,术语“羟基烷基”是指被羟基取代的烷基。
当与化学部分如酰基、酰氧基、烷基、烯基、炔基或烷氧基结合使用时,术语“低级”意在包括其中在取代基中存在十个或更少、优选六个或更少非氢原子的基团。“低级烷基”例如是指含有10个或更少碳原子、优选6个或更少碳原子的烷基。在某些实施方案中,本文所定义的酰基、酰氧基、烷基、烯基、炔基或烷氧基取代基分别是低级酰基、低级酰氧基、低级烷基、低级烯基、低级炔基或低级烷氧基,无论它们是单独出现还是与其他取代基组合出现,诸如在叙述羟烷基和芳烷基中(在这种情况下,例如,当计算烷基取代基中的碳原子时,不计算芳基内的原子)。
术语“多环基”、“多环”和“多环的”是指两个或更多个环(例如,环烷基、环烯基、环炔基、芳基、杂芳基和/或杂环基),其中两个或更多个原子是两个相邻环共用的,例如,环是“稠合环”。多环的每个环可以是取代或未取代的。在某些实施方案中,多环的每个环在环中含有3至10个原子,优选5至7个原子。
术语“甲硅烷基”是指具有三个与其连接的烃基部分的硅部分。
术语“取代的”是指在主链的一个或多个碳上具有置换氢的取代基的部分。应理解,“取代”或“被……取代”包括隐含的条件,即这种取代是根据取代原子和取代基的允许化合价,并且所述取代产生稳定的化合物,例如,其不会自发地进行诸如通过重排、环化、消除等的转化。如本文所用,术语“取代的”考虑包括有机化合物的所有允许的取代基。在广义方面,可允许的取代基包括有机化合物的非环状的和环状的、支链的和非支链的、碳环的和杂环的、芳族的和非芳族的取代基。可允许的取代基可以是一个或多个取代基并且对于适当的有机化合物而言是相同或不同的。出于本发明的目的,杂原子诸如氮可以具有氢取代基和/或本文所述的有机化合物的满足杂原子的化合价的任何可允许的取代基。取代基可包括本文所述的任何取代基,例如卤素、羟基、羰基(如羧基、烷氧基羰基、甲酰基或酰基)、硫代羰基(诸如硫酯、硫代乙酸酯或硫代甲酸酯)、烷氧基、磷酰基、磷酸根、膦酸根、次膦酸根、氨基、酰胺基、脒、亚胺、氰基、硝基、叠氮基、巯基、烷硫基、硫酸根、磺酸根、氨磺酰基、磺酰胺基、磺酰基、杂环基、芳烷基或芳族或杂芳族部分。本领域的技术人员将理解,在适当的情况下取代基本身可被取代。除非具体地说明为“未取代的”,否则对本文的化学部分的提及应被理解为包括取代的变体。例如,提及“芳基”基团或部分隐含地包括取代的和未取代的变体。
术语“硫酸根”是本领域公认的,并且是指基团-OSO3H或其药学上可接受的盐。
术语“磺酰胺”是本领域公认的,并且是指由以下通式表示的基团
其中R9和R10独立地表示氢或烃基,如烷基,或者R9和R10与一个或多个居间原子一起形成在环结构中具有4至8个原子的杂环。
术语“亚砜”是本领域公认的,并且是指基团-S(O)-R10,其中R10表示烃基。
术语“磺酸根”是本领域公认的,并且是指基团SO3H或其药学上可接受的盐。
术语“砜”是本领域公认的,并且是指基团-S(O)2-R10,其中R10表示烃基。
如本文所用,术语“硫代烷基”是指被硫醇基团取代的烷基。
如本文所用,术语“硫酯”是指基团-C(O)SR10或-SC(O)R10,其中R10表示烃基。
如本文所用,术语“硫醚”等同于醚,其中氧被硫置换。
术语“脲”是本领域公认的并且可由以下通式表示
其中R9和R10独立地表示氢或烃基,如烷基,或者R9与R10一起的任一出现和一个或多个中间原子形成在环结构中具有4至8个原子的杂环。
“保护基团”是指当连接至分子中的反应性官能团时掩蔽、降低或防止所述官能团的反应性的原子团。通常,可在合成过程中根据需要选择性地除去保护基团。保护基团的实例可在Greene和Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry,第3版,1999,JohnWiley&Sons,NY以及Harrison等人,Compendium of Synthetic Organic Methods,第1-8卷,1971-1996,John Wiley&Sons,NY中找到。代表性氮保护基团包括但不限于甲酰基、乙酰基、三氟乙酰基、苄基、苄氧羰基(“CBZ”)、叔丁氧羰基(“Boc”)、三甲基甲硅烷基(“TMS”)、2-三甲基甲硅烷基-乙磺酰基(“TES”)、三苯甲基和取代的三苯甲基、烯丙氧基羰基、9-芴基甲基氧基羰基(“FMOC”)、硝基-藜芦基氧基羰基(“NVOC”)等。代表性羟基保护基团包括但不限于羟基被酰化(酯化)或烷基化的那些,如苄基和三苯甲基醚,以及烷基醚、四氢吡喃基醚、三烷基甲硅烷基醚(例如,TMS或TIPS基团)、乙二醇醚如乙二醇和丙二醇衍生物以及烯丙基醚。
如本文所用,“预防”病症或疾患的治疗剂是指化合物,其在统计学样品中,相对于未治疗的对照样品降低所治疗样品中的病症或疾患的发生率,或者相对于未治疗的对照样品延迟病症或疾患的一种或多种症状的发作或降低其严重程度。
术语“治疗”包括预防性和/或治疗性治疗。术语“预防性或治疗性”治疗是本领域公认的,并且包括向宿主施用一种或多种主题组合物。如果在不想要的疾患(例如宿主动物的疾病或其他不想要的状态)的临床表现之前施用治疗,则所述治疗是预防性的(即,其保护宿主免于发展不想要的加混),而如果在不想要的疾患的表现之后施用治疗,则所述治疗是治疗性的(即,意图减轻、改善或稳定现有的不想要的疾患或其副作用)。如本文所用,治疗疾病、病症或疾患包括治疗疾病、病症或疾患的并发症,如通过治疗疾病、病症或疾患的并发症所特定的潜在病理生理学。
术语“前药”意图涵盖在生理条件下转化成本发明的治疗活性剂(例如,式I化合物)的化合物。用于制备前药的常用方法是包括在生理条件下水解以显示所需分子的一个或多个选定部分。在其他实施方案中,前药通过宿主动物的酶活性进行转化。在某些实施方案中,上述制剂中的一些或全部式I化合物可用相应的合适前药代替,例如,其中母体化合物中的羟基呈现为酯或碳酸酯,或母体化合物中存在的羧酸呈现为酯。
如本文所用,术语“掩蔽部分”是指作为药效团的共价结合的修饰的化学部分,其使其所连接的本发明的化合物成为前药。掩蔽部分在例如酸性条件、碱性条件或生理条件下是可裂解的。当掩蔽部分被裂解时,前药被转化为本发明的治疗活性剂。酯和碳酸酯可用于掩蔽羟基,氨基甲酸酯和酰胺可用于掩蔽胺,羧基可被掩蔽为酯等,并且在某些实施方案中,可选择精确的掩蔽部分以在特定于消化道区域的条件下裂解。例如,可通过4-氨基丁酰基将胺或羟基酰化,以形成可以胺的盐形式施用的前药。在胃的酸性条件下,氨基将保持质子化,从而掩蔽其亲核性。在小肠的更碱性条件下,铵基团将被去质子化,从而显示出亲核胺,所述亲核胺可亲核攻击由丁酰基形成的酰胺或酯,从而最终显示出酰胺或酯,同时释放作为内酰胺的保护基团。
药物组合物
本发明的组合物和方法可用于治疗有需要的个体。在某些实施方案中,所述个体是哺乳动物,诸如人或非人哺乳动物。当施用于动物诸如人时,组合物或化合物优选以药物组合物形式施用,所述药物组合物包含例如本发明的化合物和药学上可接受的载体。药学上可接受的载体是本领域中熟知的,并且包括例如水溶液如水或生理缓冲盐水,或其他溶剂或媒介物如二醇、甘油、油如橄榄油或有机酯。
药学上可接受的载剂可以含有生理上可接受的剂,所述剂例如起到稳定化合物(诸如本发明的化合物)、增加其溶解性或增加其吸收的作用。此类生理学上可接受的剂包括例如碳水化合物,如葡萄糖、蔗糖或葡聚糖;抗氧化剂,如抗坏血酸或谷胱甘肽;螯合剂;低分子量蛋白质或其他稳定剂或赋形剂。
本文采用短语“药学上可接受的”来指在合理医学判断范围内、适用于与人和动物组织接触而无过量毒性、刺激、过敏反应或其他问题或并发症、与合理的利益/风险比相称的那些化合物、材料、组合物和/或剂型。
如本文所用的短语“药学上可接受的载剂”意指药学上可接受的材料、组合物或媒介物,诸如液体或固体填充剂、稀释剂、赋形剂、溶剂或包封材料。每种载剂在可与制剂的其他成分相容并且不损伤患者的意义上必须是“可接受的”。可用作药学上可接受的载体的材料的一些实例包括:(1)糖,如乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖;(2)淀粉,如玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉;(3)纤维素和它的衍生物,如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素和乙酸纤维素;(4)粉状黄芪胶;(5)麦芽;(6)明胶;(7)滑石;(8)赋形剂,如可可脂和栓剂蜡;(9)油,如花生油、棉籽油、红花油、芝麻油、橄榄油、玉米油和大豆油;(10)二醇,如丙二醇;(11)多元醇,如甘油、山梨醇、甘露醇和聚乙二醇;(12)酯,如油酸乙酯和月桂酸乙酯;(13)琼脂;(14)缓冲剂,如氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝;(15)海藻酸;(16)无热原水;(17)等渗盐水;(18)林格氏溶液(Ringer'ssolution);(19)乙醇;(20)磷酸盐缓冲溶液;以及(21)药物组合物中采用的其他无毒相容性物质。
药物组合物(制剂)可通过多种施用途径中的任一种施用于受试者,所述施用途径包括例如口服(例如,呈水溶液或非水溶液或悬浮液形式的浸液、片剂、胶囊(包括分散型胶囊和明胶胶囊)、大丸剂、粉剂末、颗粒)。在某些实施方案中,化合物可简单地溶解或悬浮在无菌水中。适当的施用途径和适用于其的组合物的细节可在例如美国专利号6,110,973、5,763,493、5,731,000、5,541,231、5,427,798、5,358,970和4,172,896以及其中引用的专利中找到。
制剂可以方便地以单位剂型存在并且可以通过药学领域中熟知的任何方法来制备。可以与载剂材料组合以制备单一剂型的活性成分的量将根据被治疗的受试者特别是施用方式而变化。可以与载剂材料组合以产生单一剂型的活性成分的量通常将是产生治疗效应的化合物的量。一般而言,在一百份中,此量的范围为约1%至约99%活性成分,优选约5%至约70%,最优选约10%至约30%。
制备这些制剂或组合物的方法包括使活性化合物(诸如本发明的化合物)与载体和任选地一种或多种辅助成分缔合的步骤。一般来说,通过使本发明的化合物与液体载体或精细分散的固体载体、或两者均匀地且密切地缔合,并且然后,如果必要,使产物成形来制备制剂。
适用于口服施用的本发明的制剂可呈以下形式:胶囊(包括分散型胶囊和明胶胶囊)、扁囊剂、丸剂、片剂、亲液胶体、粉末、颗粒、或作为在水性或非水性液体中的溶液或悬浮液、或作为水包油或油包水液体乳剂、或作为酏剂或糖浆、或作为软锭剂(使用惰性基质,诸如明胶和甘油,或蔗糖和阿拉伯胶),它们各自含有预定量的本发明的化合物作为活性成分。组合物或化合物还可作为大丸剂、糖饵剂(electuary)或糊剂施用。
为了制备用于口服施用的固体剂型(胶囊(包括分散型胶囊和明胶胶囊)、片剂、丸剂、糖衣丸、粉末、颗粒等),将活性成分与一种或多种药学上可接受的载剂诸如柠檬酸钠或磷酸氢钙和/或以下任何一种混合:(1)填充剂或增充剂,诸如淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和/或硅酸;(2)粘合剂,例如像羧甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和/或阿拉伯胶;(3)湿润剂,诸如甘油;(4)崩解剂,诸如琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯或木薯淀粉、藻酸、某些硅酸盐和碳酸钠;(5)溶液延迟剂,诸如石蜡;(6)吸收加速剂,诸如季铵化合物;(7)润湿剂,例如像鲸蜡醇和单硬脂酸甘油酯;(8)吸收剂,诸如高岭土和膨润土;(9)润滑剂,诸如滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、月桂基硫酸钠及其混合物;(10)络合剂,诸如修饰和未修饰的环糊精;以及(11)着色剂。在胶囊(包括分散型胶囊和明胶胶囊)、片剂和丸剂的情况下),药物组合物还可包含缓冲剂。相似类型的固体组合物也可以使用此类赋形剂如乳糖(lactose)或乳糖(milk sugar)以及高分子量聚乙二醇等来用作软质和硬质填充的明胶胶囊中的填充剂。
片剂可通过压制或模制来制备,任选地含有一种或多种辅助成分。压制片剂可使用粘合剂(例如明胶或羟丙基甲基纤维素)、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂、防腐剂、崩解剂(例如羟基乙酸淀粉钠或交联羧甲基纤维素钠)、表面活性剂或分散剂来制备。模制片剂可通过在合适的机器中模制用惰性液体稀释剂润湿的粉末状化合物的混合物来制备。
片剂和其他药物组合物的固体剂型诸如糖衣丸、胶囊(包括分散型胶囊和明胶胶囊)、丸剂和颗粒可任选地刻痕或用包衣和外壳,诸如肠溶包衣或药物配制领域熟知的其他包衣来制备。还可使用例如用于提供所需释放特征的不同比例的羟丙基甲基纤维素、其他聚合物基质、脂质体和/或微球将它们配制成用于提供其中所含活性成分的缓慢释放或受控释放。可通过例如过滤通过截留细菌的过滤器或通过在使用前立即掺入呈可溶于无菌水中的无菌固体组合物形式的灭菌剂来对它们进行灭菌。这些组合物还可任选地含有遮光剂并且可具有它们仅在或优先在胃肠道的某一部分中任选地以延迟方式释放活性成分的组成。可使用的包埋组合物的实例包括聚合物质和蜡。所述活性成分还可以呈微囊化形式,在适当情况下,具有一种或多种上述赋形剂。
用于口服施用的液体剂型包括药学上可接受的乳液、用于重构的亲液胶体、微乳液、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆和酏剂。除活性成分以外,液体剂型可以含有通常在本领域中使用的惰性稀释剂,例如像水或其他溶剂、环糊精及其衍生物、溶解剂和乳化剂诸如乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苯甲醇、苯甲酸苄酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、油(具体地是棉籽油、花生油、玉米油、胚芽油、橄榄油、蓖麻油以及芝麻油)、甘油、四氢糠醇、聚乙二醇和山梨醇酐的脂肪酸酯及其混合物。
除了惰性稀释剂,所述口服组合物还可以包含助剂,诸如润湿剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、矫味剂、着色剂、芳香剂和防腐剂。
除活性化合物以外,悬浮液还可含有悬浮剂,例如像乙氧基化异十八醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇和脱水山梨醇酯、微晶纤维素、偏氢氧化铝、膨润土、琼脂和黄芪胶以及它们的混合物。
或者或另外,组合物可被配制用于经由导管、支架、线或其他管腔内装置递送。通过此类装置的递送可尤其适用于递送至胃肠道。
这些组合物还可含有佐剂,诸如防腐剂、润湿剂、乳化剂和分散剂。可以通过包含各种抗菌剂和抗真菌剂例如尼泊金、氯丁醇、苯酚山梨酸等来确保防止微生物的作用。还可能需要在组合物中包含等渗剂,诸如糖、氯化钠等。另外,可通过包含延迟吸收的剂如单硬脂酸铝和明胶来实现可注射药物形式的延长吸收。
为了用于本发明的方法,可本身或作为含有例如0.1%至99.5%(更优选0.5%至90%)的活性成分与药学上可接受的载体组合的药物组合物来提供活性化合物。
药物组合物中的活性成分的实际剂量水平可改变,以便获得对于特定患者、组合物以及施用模式有效实现所需治疗反应、而对患者无毒的活性成分的量。
选择的剂量水平取决于多种因素,包括使用的特定化合物或化合物的组合或其酯、盐或酰胺的活性、施用途径、施用时间、使用的特定化合物的排泄速率、治疗的持续时间、与使用的特定化合物组合使用的其他药物、化合物和/或材料、所治疗患者的年龄、性别、体重、病状、综合的健康状态和先前的病史和在医学领域熟知的类似因素。
具有本领域中的普通技术的医师或兽医可容易地判定和开具治疗有效量的所需药物组合物。例如,医师或兽医可以低于为达成所需治疗效应所需水平的水平开始药物组合物或化合物剂量且逐渐增加剂量,直至达成所需效应。“治疗有效量”意指足以引起所需治疗效应的化合物的浓度。通常应理解,化合物的有效量将根据受试者的体重、性别、年龄和病史而变化。影响有效量的其他因素可以包括但不限于患者病状的严重性、所治疗的病症、化合物的稳定性,以及如果需要的话,将另一种类型的治疗剂与本发明的化合物一起施用。通过多次施用所述剂可以递送更大的总剂量。用于确定功效和剂量的方法是本领域的技术人员已知的(Isselbacher等人(1996)Harrison's Principles of InternalMedicine第13版,1814-1882,以引用的方式并入本文)。
一般而言,用于本发明的组合物和方法中的活性化合物的适合每日剂量将为化合物有效产生治疗效应的最低剂量的量。这种有效剂量将通常取决于上述因素。
如果需要,活性化合物的有效每日剂量可以任选地以单位剂型作为在全天内以适当间隔分开施用的一个、两个、三个、四个、五个、六个或更多个亚剂量施用。在本发明的某些实施方案中,活性化合物可每天施用两次或三次。在某些实施方案中,活性化合物将每天施用一次。
接受这种治疗的患者是任何有需要的动物,包括灵长类动物,特别是人和其他哺乳动物如马、牛、猪和绵羊;以及一般家禽和宠物。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的化合物可单独使用或与另一种类型的治疗剂联合施用。如本文所用,短语“联合施用”是指两种或更多种不同的治疗性化合物的任何形式的施用,以使得当先前施用的治疗性化合物在体内仍然有效时施用第二化合物(例如,两种化合物在患者中同时有效,其可包括两种化合物的协同作用)。例如,不同的治疗性化合物可在同一制剂中或在分开的制剂中同时或顺序施用。在某些实施方案中,不同的治疗性化合物可在彼此的1小时、12小时、24小时、36小时、48小时、72小时或一周内施用。因此,接受这种治疗的个体可受益于不同治疗性化合物的组合作用。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的化合物与一种或多种另外的治疗剂(例如,一种或多种另外的化学治疗剂)的联合施用相对于本发明的化合物或一种或多种另外治疗剂的各自单独施用提供改善的功效。在某些此类实施方案中,联合施用提供相加作用,其中相加作用是指单独施用本发明的化合物和一种或多种另外的治疗剂的每种作用的总和。
本发明包括本发明化合物的药学上可接受的盐在本发明的组合物和方法中的用途。在某些实施方案中,所考虑的本发明的盐包括但不限于烷基、二烷基、三烷基或四烷基铵盐。在某些实施方案中,本发明所考虑的盐包括但不限于L-精氨酸、苯乙苄胺、苄星、甜菜碱、氢氧化钙、胆碱、地阿诺、二乙醇胺、二乙胺、2-(二乙氨基)乙醇、乙醇胺、乙二胺、N-甲基葡糖胺、海巴明、1H-咪唑、锂、L-赖氨酸、镁、4-(2-羟乙基)吗啉、哌嗪、钾、1-(2-羟乙基)吡咯烷、钠、三乙醇胺、氨丁三醇和锌盐。在某些实施方案中,所考虑的本发明的盐包括但不限于Na、Ca、K、Mg、Zn或其他金属盐。
药学上可接受的酸加成盐也可作为诸如与水、甲醇、乙醇、二甲基甲酰胺等的各种溶剂化物存在。还可制备此类溶剂化物的混合物。此类溶剂化物的来源可以来自结晶的溶剂,制备或结晶的溶剂中固有的或对于此类溶剂外来的。
润湿剂、乳化剂和润滑剂诸如月桂基硫酸钠和硬脂酸镁以及着色剂、释放剂、包衣剂、甜味剂、矫味剂和芳香剂、防腐剂和抗氧化剂也可以存在于所述组合物中。
药学上可接受的抗氧化剂的实例包括:(1)水溶性抗氧化剂,诸如抗坏血酸、盐酸半胱氨酸、硫酸氢钠、焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸钠等;(2)油溶性抗氧化剂,诸如抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、丁基化羟基茴香醚(BHA)、丁基化羟基甲苯(BHT)、卵磷脂、没食子酸丙酯、α-生育酚等;和(3)金属螯合剂,诸如柠檬酸、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、山梨糖醇、酒石酸、磷酸等。
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以引用的方式并入
本文提到的所有公布和专利都特此引用的方式整体并入,就如同具体且单个地指出单个的公布或专利各自以引用的方式并入本文中一样。在有冲突的情况下,将以本申请为准,包括本文中的任何定义。
等效方案
虽然已经讨论了本发明的特定实施方案,但上面的说明书是示例性而非限制性的。在阅读本说明书和下面的权利要求之后,本发明的许多变化对于本领域技术人员而言将为显而易见的。本发明的全部范围应该通过参考权利要求书连同其等效物的全部范围,以及本说明书连同此类变化方案来确定。
Claims (51)
1.一种化合物,所述化合物包含药效团和靶向部分,其中所述靶向部分使所述药效团经历首过代谢。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中所述靶向部分使所述药效团在肝脏中经历首过代谢。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的化合物,其中全身生物利用度小于10%。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的化合物,其中全身生物利用度小于5%。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的化合物,其中全身生物利用度小于1%。
6.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的化合物,其中所述靶向部分包括至少一个硝酸酯(-ONO2)基团。
7.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的化合物,其中所述靶向部分包括至少两个硝酸酯(-ONO2)基团。
10.如权利要求9所述的化合物,其中m是1-5的整数。
12.如权利要求11所述的化合物,其中n是1。
13.如权利要求11所述的化合物,其中n是2-4的整数。
15.如权利要求14所述的化合物,其中p和q各自是1。
16.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的化合物,其中所述靶向部分包括至少三个硝酸酯(-ONO2)基团。
18.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的化合物,其中所述靶向部分包括胆汁酸的残基。
19.如权利要求18所述的化合物,其中所述胆汁酸是熊去氧胆酸。
20.如权利要求1-19中任一项所述的化合物,其中所述药效团和所述靶向部分通过连接部分连接。
21.如权利要求20所述的化合物,其中所述连接部分包括共价键。
22.如权利要求1-21中任一项所述的化合物,其中所述药效团是抗糖尿病剂的残基。
23.如权利要求22所述的化合物,其中所述抗糖尿病剂是二肽基肽酶-4抑制剂、胰高血糖素样肽-1激动剂、胰高血糖素受体拮抗剂、促胃肠动力剂、免疫调节剂、炎症调节药物、胰高血糖素样肽-2激动剂或抗肿瘤剂。
24.如权利要求23所述的化合物,其中所述抗糖尿病剂是胰高血糖素受体拮抗剂。
25.如权利要求24所述的化合物,其中所述胰高血糖素受体拮抗剂选自:异丝氨酸、β-丙氨酸衍生物、双环19-残基肽BI-32169、Des-His1-[Glu9]胰高血糖素酰胺、5-羟基烷基-4-苯基吡啶、N-[3-氰基-6-(1,1二甲基丙基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-1-苯并噻吩-2-基]-2-乙基丁酰胺、醌茜素和NNC 250926。
26.如权利要求25所述的化合物,其中所述胰高血糖素受体拮抗剂是NNC 250926。
29.一种化学部分,其中,当所述部分与药效团共价键合时,所述部分使所述药效团经历首过代谢。
30.如权利要求29所述的化学部分,其中所述化学部分抑制所述药效团在肝前肠道中经历首过代谢。
31.如权利要求29所述的化学部分,其中所述化学部分使所述药效团在肝脏中经历首过代谢。
32.如权利要求29-31中任一项所述的化学部分,所述化学部分包括至少一个硝酸酯(-ONO2)基团。
33.如权利要求29-31中任一项所述的化学部分,所述化学部分包括至少两个硝酸酯(-ONO2)基团。
36.如权利要求35所述的化学部分,其中和m是1-5的整数。
38.如权利要求37所述的化学部分,其中n是1。
39.如权利要求37所述的化学部分,其中n是2-4的整数。
41.如权利要求40所述的化学部分,其中p和q各自是1。
42.如权利要求29-31中任一项所述的化学部分,所述化学部分包括至少三个硝酸酯(-ONO2)基团。
44.如权利要求29-31中任一项所述的化学部分,所述化学部分包括胆汁酸的残基。
45.如权利要求44所述的化学部分,其中所述胆汁酸是熊去氧胆酸。
46.一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包括如权利要求1-29中任一项所述的化合物和药学上可接受的赋形剂。
47.一种诱导药效团的首过代谢的方法,所述方法包括将如权利要求29-45中任一项所述的化学部分共价连接至所述药效团。
48.一种施用如权利要求1-28中任一项所述的化合物的方法,所述方法包括向患有糖尿病或胃肠紊乱的受试者施用有效量的如权利要求1-28中任一项所述的化合物。
49.如权利要求48所述的方法,其中所述受试者患有糖尿病。
50.一种用于在有需要的受试者中治疗糖尿病或胃肠紊乱的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用如权利要求1-28中任一项所述的化合物。
51.如权利要求50所述的方法,所述方法用于治疗糖尿病。
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AU2019350769A1 (en) | 2021-05-20 |
KR20210068498A (ko) | 2021-06-09 |
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