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CN113153907A - Liquid metal bearing and vacuum motor - Google Patents

Liquid metal bearing and vacuum motor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113153907A
CN113153907A CN202110583385.9A CN202110583385A CN113153907A CN 113153907 A CN113153907 A CN 113153907A CN 202110583385 A CN202110583385 A CN 202110583385A CN 113153907 A CN113153907 A CN 113153907A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
bearing
liquid metal
spare
motor
indium
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
CN202110583385.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN113153907B (en
Inventor
黄明
郑越青
崔海龙
张新疆
陈刚利
龚维纬
俞利庆
冯艳冰
费基雄
钱林弘
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institute of Mechanical Manufacturing Technology of CAEP
Original Assignee
Institute of Mechanical Manufacturing Technology of CAEP
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Priority to CN202110583385.9A priority Critical patent/CN113153907B/en
Publication of CN113153907A publication Critical patent/CN113153907A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN113153907B publication Critical patent/CN113153907B/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/06Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings
    • F16C32/0629Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings supported by a liquid cushion, e.g. oil cushion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72Sealings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C37/00Cooling of bearings
    • F16C37/002Cooling of bearings of fluid bearings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/12Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas
    • H02K5/124Sealing of shafts
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/16Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
    • H02K5/167Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using sliding-contact or spherical cap bearings
    • H02K5/1672Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using sliding-contact or spherical cap bearings radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2380/00Electrical apparatus
    • F16C2380/26Dynamo-electric machines or combinations therewith, e.g. electro-motors and generators

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a liquid metal bearing and a vacuum motor, relates to the field of machinery, and solves the problem of leakage prevention among the existing liquid metal bearings, and the key points of the technical scheme are as follows: including first bearing spare and with the second bearing spare that first bearing spare activity cup jointed, form the bearing clearance that supplies liquid metal to fill between first bearing spare and the second bearing spare, the open end inner wall ring of second bearing spare is equipped with a plurality of seal ring grooves, and a plurality of seal ring grooves set up along second bearing spare axis direction interval. According to the invention, the sealing ring groove positioned at the bearing gap port is arranged between the first bearing part and the second bearing part, so that the liquid metal is effectively prevented from seeping under the action of internal pressure under the action of centripetal force and viscosity generated by the running of the liquid metal of the bearing, the sealing performance between the liquid metal bearings is enhanced, and the problem that the liquid metal between the liquid metal bearings seeps under long-time use or high-speed running is solved.

Description

Liquid metal bearing and vacuum motor
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of machinery, in particular to a liquid metal bearing and a vacuum motor.
Background
Motors used in space equipment systems, vacuum systems, X-ray tubes need to work in a vacuum environment. In this case, the interior of the motor is also usually vacuum, so that the motor rotor cannot be cooled by using the air cooling adopted by the conventional motor. During the operation of the motor, the rotor of the motor can generate heat due to the copper loss of the rotor. Since air cooling cannot be used to cool the motor rotor, heat is difficult to dissipate. In this case, if the motor is operated under high power, the rotor of the motor is easily burnt. There is therefore a need for an efficient way of conducting away the heat generated by the motor rotor, i.e. to achieve cooling of the motor rotor.
The conventional vacuum motor uses a ball bearing, and the contact area between a ball and a bearing raceway is very small, so that the heat conduction capability of the ball bearing is poor. This limits the power of the vacuum motor, since the greater the power, the greater the heating value of the motor rotor, and the more difficult it is to dissipate the heat. In order to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks, it is well documented that the gap between the bearing members is filled with liquid metal, so that the friction loss between the bearing members can be effectively reduced, and the heat conductivity of the bearing can be improved.
However, since liquid metal has certain fluidity, the requirement for sealing performance between bearing parts is high, and since the bearing parts need to be relatively selected, the problem of leakage prevention between liquid metal bearings has been a problem which is difficult to overcome by relevant researchers. Therefore, how to research and design a liquid metal bearing and a vacuum motor is a problem which is urgently needed to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a liquid metal bearing and a vacuum motor.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the first aspect provides a liquid metal bearing, including first bearing spare and with the second bearing spare that first bearing spare activity cup jointed, form the bearing clearance that supplies liquid metal to fill between first bearing spare and the second bearing spare, the open end inner wall ring of second bearing spare is equipped with a plurality of seal ring grooves, and a plurality of seal ring grooves set up along the interval of second bearing spare axis direction.
Further, the depth of the seal ring groove gradually increases toward the open end of the second bearing.
Furthermore, the sealing ring groove is a trapezoidal groove or a rectangular groove.
Furthermore, the sealing ring grooves are right-angled trapezoidal grooves, and convex teeth formed between the adjacent sealing ring grooves are triangular.
Further, the distance between the sealing ring groove and the second bearing piece is 0.02mm-0.1 mm.
Further, the liquid metal is any one of gallium indium alloy or metal indium.
Further, the amount of gallium and indium in the liquid metal is configured according to the lowest working environment temperature of the liquid metal bearing:
the ratio of the amount of indium in the liquid metal to the total amount of gallium-indium alloy is 0.13-1;
the minimum temperature range at which the liquid metal remains liquid is 16 ℃ to 156 ℃.
Further, the configuration process of the amount of the gallium substance and the amount of the indium substance in the liquid metal specifically includes:
T=441x3-687x2+434x-32
wherein T represents the minimum temperature at which the liquid metal remains in the liquid state; and x represents the proportion of the indium substance in the gallium-indium alloy to the total substance of the gallium-indium alloy.
In a second aspect, there is provided a vacuum motor comprising a motor housing and at least one liquid metal bearing according to any one of the first aspect, the first bearing member being fixedly connected to the motor housing, the output end of the second bearing member projecting beyond the outer wall of the motor housing; a motor stator is arranged in the motor shell, and a motor rotor matched with the motor stator is fixedly connected to the second bearing part.
Further, the second bearing piece comprises a rotating shaft and bearing end covers, and the bearing end covers are connected with the opposite end faces of the rotating shaft in a sealing mode; the sealing ring groove is arranged in the bearing end cover, and the motor rotor is connected with the rotating shaft.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the sealing ring groove positioned at the bearing gap port is arranged between the first bearing part and the second bearing part, so that the liquid metal is effectively prevented from seeping under the action of internal pressure under the action of centripetal force and viscosity generated by the running of the liquid metal of the bearing, the sealing performance between the liquid metal bearings is enhanced, and the problem that the liquid metal among the liquid metal bearings seeps under long-time use or high-speed running is solved;
2. according to the invention, the ratio of the amount of gallium substances to the amount of indium substances in the liquid metal is dynamically designed, so that the lowest temperature at which the liquid metal is kept is matched with the lowest working environment temperature of the liquid metal bearing, the liquid metal can be automatically solidified when the environment temperature is lower than the lowest temperature at which the liquid metal is kept, a low-temperature protection function is provided for a motor, the liquid metal can be matched with the sealing ring groove after solidification, the possibility of seepage of the liquid metal is limited, and the service life of the bearing in the liquid metal is prolonged;
3. the liquid metal of the present invention is at 10-4The vacuum degree above Pa keeps liquid state, the lubricant does not volatilize under vacuum and lose efficacy like other liquid lubricants, and the lubricant keeps liquid state at the high temperature from room temperature to 500 ℃ and does not volatilize under high temperature and lose efficacy like other liquid lubricants; in addition, the liquid metal has better heat conductivity than oil, thus improving the heat dissipation capacity of the bearing; when the rotating shaft rotates, the liquid metal completely isolates the friction contact between the rotating shaft and the fixed core shaft, and abrasion is eliminated, so that the service life of the rotating shaft is longer than that of a ball bearing, and the rotating shaft is particularly important for an aerospace equipment system; in addition, the viscosity of the liquid metal is close to that of water, and the viscosity is low, so that the generated flow resistance is small, and the friction of the bearing is small.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a liquid metal bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the seal ring grooves in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of another arrangement of the seal ring groove in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the vacuum motor in the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:
101. a first bearing member; 102. a second bearing member; 103. sealing the ring groove; 104. a convex tooth; 105. a rotating shaft; 106. a bearing end cap; 107. a motor housing; 108. a motor stator; 109. a rotor of an electric machine.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and accompanying fig. 1-4, wherein the exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used for explaining the present invention and are not used as limitations of the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly or indirectly connected to the other element.
It will be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like, as used herein, refer to an orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings that is solely for the purpose of facilitating the description and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and is therefore not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
Example 1: a liquid metal bearing comprises a first bearing part 101 and a second bearing part 102 movably sleeved with the first bearing part 101, a bearing gap filled with liquid metal is formed between the first bearing part 101 and the second bearing part 102, a plurality of sealing ring grooves 103 are annularly arranged on the inner wall of the opening end of the second bearing part 102, and the plurality of sealing ring grooves 103 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the second bearing part 102.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the depth of the seal ring groove 103 gradually increases toward the opening end of the second bearing 102, the depth of the seal ring groove 103 near the bearing gap is smaller than the depth near the opening end of the second bearing 102, the application range of the liquid metal bearing can be improved by setting the gradually changing depth, the exchange flow of the liquid metal in the bearing gap can be effectively reduced, the use stability of the liquid metal bearing is enhanced, more liquid metal leaked from the inside of the bearing can be stored, and the liquid metal can be prevented from continuously leaking outwards.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the seal ring groove 103 is a trapezoidal groove or a rectangular groove.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the seal ring grooves 103 are rectangular trapezoidal grooves, and the teeth 104 formed between adjacent seal ring grooves 103 are triangular. The volume of the seal ring groove 103 is further increased to prevent leakage of the liquid metal. Since the tooth tips are sharp, even if they contact the second bearing 102, the contact area is very small, and therefore, no seizure occurs. The spacing H1 between the seal ring groove 103 and the second bearing member 102 is typically 0.05mm to 0.1 mm. The narrower this distance H1, the better the seal against the liquid metal, but the greater the difficulty of assembly. Too small a gap H1 may cause jamming and prevent rotation. Therefore, by adopting the triangular design of the convex teeth 104, the distance H1 between the tooth top and the mandrel can be reduced to 0.02mm, so that the sealing effect is further improved. But the structure is the most difficult to manufacture.
In this embodiment, the liquid metal is any one of gallium indium alloy and metal indium.
The amount of gallium species and the amount of indium species in the liquid metal are configured according to the minimum operating ambient temperature of the liquid metal bearing: the ratio of the amount of indium in the liquid metal to the total amount of gallium-indium alloy is 0.13-1; the minimum temperature range at which the liquid metal remains liquid is 16 ℃ to 156 ℃. Here, the total amount of the gallium-indium alloy material refers to the sum of the amount of the gallium material and the amount of the indium material in the liquid metal.
The configuration process of the amount of the gallium substance and the amount of the indium substance in the liquid metal comprises the following specific steps:
T=441x3-687x2+434x-32
wherein T represents the lowest temperature at which the liquid metal is kept in a liquid state, and the unit is; and x represents the proportion of the indium substance in the gallium-indium alloy to the total substance of the gallium-indium alloy. The parts in the liquid metal were prepared as shown in the following table:
serial number Percentage of gallium Ratio of indium Minimum temperature of liquid state
1 0.87 0.13 16℃
2 0.75 0.25 40℃
3 0.5 0.5 68℃
4 0.25 0.75 93℃
5 0 1 156℃
The invention creatively can provide the low-temperature protection function for the motor by regulating and controlling the minimum temperature of the liquid metal to keep the liquid state. When the ambient temperature is lower than the set minimum temperature for keeping the liquid metal in the liquid state, the liquid metal can be automatically solidified, so that the motor is in a locked state. When the ambient temperature is lower than the set temperature, the motor is self-locked, so that the motor and a system connected with the motor can be started only under the set temperature condition.
Example 2: a vacuum motor, as shown in fig. 4, comprising a motor housing 107 and at least one liquid metal bearing according to any one of the first aspect, wherein the first bearing member 101 is fixedly connected to the motor housing 107, and the output end of the second bearing member 102 protrudes from the outer wall of the motor housing 107; a motor stator 108 is provided in the motor housing 107, and a motor rotor 109 fitted to the motor stator 108 is fixedly attached to the second bearing member 102.
The second bearing 102 includes a rotating shaft 105, and a bearing cover 106, wherein the bearing cover 106 is connected with the opposite end face of the rotating shaft 105 in a sealing manner; the sealing ring groove 103 is arranged in the bearing end cover 106, and the motor rotor 109 is connected with the rotating shaft 105.
The working principle is as follows: on one hand, the sealing ring groove 103 positioned at the bearing gap port is arranged between the first bearing part 101 and the second bearing part 102, so that the liquid metal is effectively prevented from seeping under the action of internal pressure under the action of centripetal force and viscosity generated by the running liquid metal of the bearing, the sealing performance between the liquid metal bearings is enhanced, and the problem that the liquid metal among the liquid metal bearings seeps under long-time use or high-speed running is solved; on the other hand, the proportion of the amount of the gallium substance and the amount of the indium substance in the liquid metal is dynamically designed, so that the lowest temperature at which the liquid metal is kept is matched with the lowest working environment temperature of the liquid metal bearing, the liquid metal can be automatically solidified when the environment temperature is lower than the lowest temperature at which the liquid metal is kept, a low-temperature protection function is provided for the motor, the liquid metal can be matched with the sealing ring groove 103 after solidification, the possibility of seepage of the liquid metal is limited, and the service life of the bearing in the liquid metal is prolonged.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a liquid metal bearing, includes first bearing spare (101) and with first bearing spare (101) activity cup joint second bearing spare (102), forms the bearing clearance that supplies liquid metal to fill between first bearing spare (101) and the second bearing spare (102), characterized by, the open end inner wall ring of second bearing spare (102) is equipped with a plurality of seal ring grooves (103), and a plurality of seal ring grooves (103) set up along second bearing spare (102) axis direction interval.
2. A liquid metal bearing according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the sealing ring groove (103) increases gradually towards the open end of the second bearing part (102).
3. A liquid metal bearing according to claim 1, wherein the seal ring groove (103) is a trapezoidal or rectangular groove.
4. The liquid metal bearing of claim 1, wherein the seal ring grooves (103) are rectangular trapezoidal grooves, and the teeth (104) formed between adjacent seal ring grooves (103) are triangular.
5. A liquid metal bearing according to claim 1, wherein the sealing ring groove (103) is spaced from the second bearing member (102) by a distance of 0.02mm to 0.1 mm.
6. The liquid metal bearing of claim 1, wherein said liquid metal is any one of gallium indium alloy or metal indium.
7. The liquid metal bearing of claim 6, wherein the amount of gallium species and the amount of indium species in the liquid metal are configured according to a minimum operating ambient temperature of the liquid metal bearing:
the ratio of the amount of indium in the liquid metal to the total amount of gallium-indium alloy is 0.13-1;
the minimum temperature range at which the liquid metal remains liquid is 16 ℃ to 156 ℃.
8. The liquid metal bearing of claim 7, wherein the amount of gallium species and the amount of indium species in the liquid metal are configured by:
T=441x3-687x2+434x-32
wherein T represents the minimum temperature at which the liquid metal remains in the liquid state; and x represents the proportion of the indium substance in the gallium-indium alloy to the total substance of the gallium-indium alloy.
9. A vacuum motor, characterized by comprising a motor housing (107) and at least one liquid metal bearing according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the first bearing member (101) being fixedly connected to the motor housing (107), the output end of the second bearing member (102) projecting beyond the outer wall of the motor housing (107); a motor stator (108) is arranged in the motor shell (107), and a motor rotor (109) matched with the motor stator (108) is fixedly connected to the second bearing piece (102).
10. A vacuum motor according to claim 9, characterized in that the second bearing member (102) comprises a rotary shaft (105), bearing caps (106), the bearing caps (106) being sealingly connected to facing end faces of the rotary shaft (105); the sealing ring groove (103) is arranged in the bearing end cover (106), and the motor rotor (109) is connected with the rotating shaft (105).
CN202110583385.9A 2021-05-27 2021-05-27 Liquid metal bearing and vacuum motor Active CN113153907B (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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CN113153907B CN113153907B (en) 2024-09-20

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CN203770398U (en) * 2014-03-07 2014-08-13 浙江大学 Magnetofluid bearing with good seal performance and heat dissipation performance
DE102014218750A1 (en) * 2014-09-18 2016-03-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Liquid metal plain bearings
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CN214698814U (en) * 2021-05-27 2021-11-12 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 Liquid metal bearing and vacuum motor

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徐明宇等: "液态金属用作润滑剂的研究现状与展望", 《机械工程学报》, 31 May 2020 (2020-05-31), pages 137 - 146 *

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