CN113146021A - Additive manufacturing device and manufacturing method based on hot wire friction micro-forging - Google Patents
Additive manufacturing device and manufacturing method based on hot wire friction micro-forging Download PDFInfo
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- CN113146021A CN113146021A CN202110386023.0A CN202110386023A CN113146021A CN 113146021 A CN113146021 A CN 113146021A CN 202110386023 A CN202110386023 A CN 202110386023A CN 113146021 A CN113146021 A CN 113146021A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/1215—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开一种基于热丝摩擦微锻的增材制造装置及方法，解决现有摩擦增材制造增材效率低，增材过程施加载荷大，制造柔性差，不利于制造大型复杂零件的问题。本发明提供的基于热丝摩擦微锻的增材制造装置，包括含有基板的工作台，以及位于工作台中的搅拌摩擦装置、感应加热装置和送丝装置；所述搅拌摩擦装置位于基板上方，感应加热装置和搅拌摩擦装置连接；送丝装置位于搅拌摩擦装置上方；所述搅拌摩擦装置包括伺服电机和搅拌件；搅拌件由伺服电机驱动，进行旋转、下压、抬升和平移；所述搅拌件的中心轴心设有通孔，送丝装置通过搅拌件的通孔进行送丝；所述搅拌件的下端面设有离心导流扇叶和保护轴肩，保护轴肩位于离心导流扇叶外侧；离心导流扇叶一端与保护轴肩连接，另一端延伸至通孔；相邻离心导流扇叶之间形成离心导流槽。
The invention discloses an additive manufacturing device and method based on hot wire friction micro-forging, which solves the problems of low additive efficiency of existing friction additive manufacturing, large applied load in the additive process, poor manufacturing flexibility, and unfavorable manufacturing of large and complex parts . The additive manufacturing device based on hot wire friction micro-forging provided by the present invention includes a workbench containing a substrate, and a friction stir device, an induction heating device and a wire feeding device located in the workbench; the friction stir device is located above the substrate, and the induction The heating device is connected with the friction stir device; the wire feeding device is located above the friction stir device; the friction stir device includes a servo motor and a stirring element; the stirring element is driven by the servo motor to rotate, press down, lift and translate; the stirring element There is a through hole in the center of the shaft, and the wire feeding device feeds the wire through the through hole of the stirring member; the lower end surface of the stirring member is provided with a centrifugal guide fan blade and a protective shaft shoulder, and the protective shaft shoulder is located in the centrifugal guide fan blade. The outer side; one end of the centrifugal guide fan blade is connected with the protective shaft shoulder, and the other end extends to the through hole; a centrifugal guide groove is formed between the adjacent centrifugal guide fan blades.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid-phase additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to an additive manufacturing device and method based on hot wire friction micro-forging.
Background
The additive manufacturing technology is applied to the forming of parts with complex structures, can greatly reduce the processing procedures and shorten the processing period, plays an important role in the fields of aerospace, war industry, ocean engineering equipment, medical appliances and the like, and shows unique advantages. At present, the main metal additive manufacturing technologies can be divided into two major categories, one is an additive manufacturing technology based on melting-solidification, such as laser/electron beam additive, electric arc additive and the like; the other is additive manufacturing technology based on solid phase connection theory, such as diffusion additive, friction additive, ultrasonic additive, cold spray additive and the like. Additive manufacturing techniques based on melting-solidification generally face problems of porosity, cracks, coarse structures, etc., and the properties of the manufactured parts still need to be further improved.
And the additive manufacturing technology based on solid phase connection can generally obtain compact additive manufacturing organization, and the comprehensive performance of parts is better. However, the existing solid-phase additive technology is generally low in additive efficiency. Taking diffusion material increase as an example, before material increase, slices are required to be manufactured according to the specific structure of a part, and after fine processing, the slices can be placed in a vacuum heating furnace for diffusion connection. Other materials such as cold spray additive and ultrasonic additive also face the problem of poor additive efficiency.
In contrast, friction additive has a great potential for improving solid-phase additive efficiency. However, in the existing friction additive manufacturing technology, heat is generated mainly by friction during solid-phase bonding, and in order to generate enough heat, a large multidirectional load is often required to be applied, so that the flexibility and additive efficiency of friction additive manufacturing are reduced, and the manufacturing of large and complex parts is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the invention aims to provide a hot wire friction micro-forging-based additive manufacturing device and method, and solves the problems that the existing friction additive manufacturing has low additive efficiency, large applied load in the additive process, poor manufacturing flexibility and is not beneficial to manufacturing large-scale complex parts.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an additive manufacturing apparatus based on hot wire friction micro-forging, including a workbench including a substrate, and a friction stir device, an induction heating device, and a wire feeding device located in the workbench; the stirring and friction device is positioned above the substrate, and the induction heating device is connected with the stirring and friction device; the wire feeding device is positioned above the stirring friction device; the stirring friction device comprises a servo motor and a stirring piece; the stirring piece is driven by a servo motor to rotate, press down, lift and translate; a through hole is formed in the center axis of the stirring piece, and the wire feeding device feeds wires through the through hole of the stirring piece; the lower end face of the stirring piece is provided with a centrifugal flow guide fan blade and a protective shaft shoulder, and the protective shaft shoulder is positioned on the outer side of the centrifugal flow guide fan blade; one end of the centrifugal flow guide fan blade is connected with the protective shaft shoulder, and the other end of the centrifugal flow guide fan blade extends to the through hole; centrifugal diversion grooves are formed between adjacent centrifugal diversion fan blades.
Preferably, the induction heating device comprises an induction coil and a power supply, the power supply is connected with the induction coil, and the stirring piece is positioned in the inner cavity of the induction coil.
Preferably, the additive manufacturing device based on hot wire friction micro-forging further comprises a shielding gas device, the shielding gas device is connected with the friction stir device, and the stirring piece and the induction coil are both located in the shielding gas released by the shielding gas device.
Preferably, the protective gas device comprises a cover body and a gas source, the cover body is connected with the friction stir device, and the gas source introduces inert gas into an inner cavity of the cover body.
Preferably, the radial thickness of the protective shaft shoulder is 1-3 mm.
Preferably, the stirring member is made of a conductive material.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the invention also provides an additive manufacturing method based on hot wire friction micro-forging, which comprises the following steps:
step 10), opening an induction heating device, heating a stirring piece to be 0.45-0.95 times of the melting point of the wire, and keeping the stirring head at a constant temperature by controlling power supply parameters in the induction heating device;
step 20), starting the stirring friction device and the workbench, adjusting the stirring piece to a processing area, and keeping a rotating state;
step 30), starting the wire feeding device, adjusting the wire feeding speed, and ensuring that the wire can be heated to the temperature close to that of the stirring piece after passing through the through hole in the axis of the stirring piece;
step 40), controlling the workbench or the stirring piece to enable the stirring piece to travel along a preset path on the substrate to perform additive manufacturing;
and 50) after the additive manufacturing of one layer is finished, lifting the stirring head, and repeating the step 40) to perform additive manufacturing of the next layer until the additive manufacturing of the additive layer is finished.
Preferably, the additive manufacturing method based on hot wire friction micro-forging further includes: and opening the protective gas device to enable the heated part of the whole working area to be placed in the protective atmosphere.
Preferably, the width variation of the additive layer is achieved by replacing stirring elements of different diameters.
Preferably, the wires and the through holes of the stirring piece are in clearance fit, and the change of the material increase efficiency is realized by replacing the wires with different diameters.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the additive manufacturing device and method based on hot wire friction micro-forging, disclosed by the invention, plasticize the wire material by introducing induction heat, so that the requirement of a system on friction heat production is reduced, the additive manufacturing efficiency is improved, the manufacturing flexibility is increased, and the additive manufacturing device and method are particularly suitable for solid-phase additive manufacturing of large-scale complex parts.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a bottom view of a stirring head according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The figure shows that: the device comprises a stirring piece 1, a through hole 101, a centrifugal guide vane 102, a centrifugal guide groove 103, a protective shaft shoulder 104, an induction heating device 2, wires 3, a wire feeding device 4, a substrate 5 and an additive layer 6.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, an additive manufacturing apparatus based on hot wire friction micro-forging of the present embodiment includes a workbench including a substrate 5, and a friction stir device, an induction heating device 2, and a wire feeding device 4 located in the workbench. The stirring and friction device is positioned above the substrate 5, and the induction heating device 2 is connected with the stirring and friction device. The wire feeder 4 is located above the friction stir device. The friction stir device comprises a servo motor and a stirring piece 1. The stirring part 1 is driven by a servo motor to rotate, press down, lift and translate. The central axis of the stirring piece 1 is provided with a through hole 101, and the wire feeding device 4 feeds wires through the through hole 101 on the axis of the stirring piece 1. The lower end face of the stirring part 1 is provided with centrifugal guide vanes 102 and a protective shaft shoulder 104, and the protective shaft shoulder 104 is positioned outside the centrifugal guide vanes 102. One end of the centrifugal guide vane 102 is connected with the protective shaft shoulder 104, and the other end extends to the through hole 101.
In the above embodiment, the end surface of the stirring element 1 includes the through hole 101, the centrifugal guide vane 102, the centrifugal guide groove 103, and the protective shoulder 104. The centrifugal diversion trench 103 is a concave cambered surface. The stirring bar 1 is cylindrical. The wire feeder 4 feeds wire through the through hole 101. The lower end surface of the stirring piece 1 is provided with a centrifugal diversion trench 103 and a protective shaft shoulder 104. During the feeding of the wire 3 from the central through hole 101 of the stirring member 1 by the wire feeder 4, the wire 3 is heated by heat conduction and radiation from the stirring member 1 and induction heat from the induction coil, so that the wire 3 has reached a plasticized state when it reaches the lower end face of the stirring member 1. At this time, under the thrust of the wire feeder 4 and the high-speed rotation of the stirring member 1, the plasticized wires 3 are squeezed between the end of the stirring member and the substrate or the previous additive layer, so that the end of the stirring member 1 generates friction and stirring effects on the plasticized wires, and in addition, the flow guiding structure of the end of the stirring member, the plasticized wires 3 can be uniformly dispersed below the stirring member 1 and form metallurgical bonding with the substrate or the previous additive layer. In the process, the centrifugal diversion trench 103 can promote the wires 3 fed from the central through hole 101 of the stirring piece 1 to be rapidly transferred to the lower part of the whole stirring piece 1, so that the subsequent wire feeding can be carried out smoothly without blockage of the through hole 101. The protective shaft shoulder 104 is positioned outside the centrifugal diversion trench 103 to play a role in restraining and ensure that the wires 3 at the center do not overflow when being transferred outwards. The stirring piece 1 can rotate, press down, lift and move in a translation way under the driving of a servo motor. The worktable can do linear or curvilinear motion under the drive of the servo motor.
According to the method, the stirring piece is enabled to run along a preset route at a certain speed on the surface of the substrate while rotating at a high speed by controlling the stirring friction device and the workbench, and additive manufacturing is carried out. The plasticized wire is dispersed under the friction and forging action of the stirring piece and is metallurgically bonded with the previous additive layer or the substrate to form a compact solid-phase additive structure. According to the invention, the filament is plasticized by introducing induction heat, so that the requirement of a system on friction heat production is reduced, and the flexibility of friction stir additive manufacturing is increased.
Preferably, the induction heating device 2 comprises an induction coil and a power supply, the power supply is connected with the induction coil, and the stirring part 1 is positioned in the inner cavity of the induction coil. Heating the stirring part 1 by using an induction coil: high-frequency alternating current is introduced into the induction coil through the power supply, and induction current and induction heat are generated inside the stirring piece 1 through electromagnetic induction. By adjusting the power supply parameters, the heating temperature of the stirring element 1 can be controlled. The induction coil needs to move along with the stirring piece 1 to ensure that the relative position of the two does not change.
Preferably, the additive manufacturing device based on hot wire friction micro-forging further comprises a shielding gas device, the shielding gas device is connected with the workbench, and the stirring piece 1 and the induction coil are both located in the shielding gas released by the shielding gas device. The protective gas device comprises a cover body and a gas source, the cover body is connected with the friction stir device, and the gas source introduces inert gas into the inner cavity of the cover body. Inert gas can be introduced into the heating zone by means of a shielding gas device. When the additive metal is easy to oxidize at the processing temperature, a protective gas device is required to be arranged to ensure that the whole heating area is in the protective atmosphere.
Preferably, the radial thickness of the protective shaft shoulder 104 is 1-3 mm. The protective shoulder 104 serves to prevent the plasticized metal from escaping if the radial thickness of the protective shoulder is too small to be protected. If the radial thickness of the protective shoulder is too great, this can result in difficulties in distributing the plasticized metal evenly beneath the stirring element.
The additive manufacturing method implemented by the additive manufacturing device comprises the following steps:
and step 10), opening the induction heating device 2, heating the stirring part 1 to 0.45-0.95 time of the melting point of the wire 3, and keeping the stirring part 1 at a constant temperature by controlling power supply parameters in the induction heating device 2. The stirring member 1 is made of a conductive material.
And 20) starting the friction stir device and the workbench, adjusting the stirring piece 1 to the processing area, and keeping the rotation state. The rotating speed of the stirring head 1 is 100-1000 rpm. When the additive metal is metal with high heat conductivity such as aluminum, magnesium, copper, iron and the like, the higher rotating speed is 400-1000 rpm; when the additive metal is metal with low heat conductivity such as titanium, the rotating speed needs to be low and is 100-500 r/m.
And step 30), starting the wire feeding device 4, adjusting the wire feeding speed, and ensuring that the wires 3 can be heated to the temperature close to the stirring head 1 after passing through the through hole 101 in the axis of the stirring piece 1. By controlling the wire feeding speed, the wire 3 can be heated to a plasticized state at the end of the stirring member 1 by induction heat and heat conduction and radiation of the stirring member. If necessary, a current heating device can be applied to the wire to rapidly plasticize the wire: the two ends of the stirring piece are respectively provided with the electric brush, and current is supplied, so that the current flows through the wire to generate heat and resistance heat to heat.
And step 40) controlling the workbench or the stirring piece to enable the stirring piece 1 to travel on the substrate 5 along a preset path to perform additive manufacturing. The running speed of the stirring piece is equal to the wire feeding speed and the cross section area of the wire/the cross section area of the additive layer. The workbench is controlled to move, or the stirring piece 1 is controlled to move, or the workbench and the stirring piece 1 move relatively, so that the stirring piece 1 can walk on the substrate 5 along a preset path.
And step 50), after the additive manufacturing of one layer is finished, lifting the stirring piece 1, and repeating the step 40) to perform additive manufacturing of the next layer until the additive manufacturing is finished.
Through the steps, the material increase efficiency of friction material increase can be improved, the manufacturing flexibility is increased, and the method is particularly suitable for solid-phase material increase manufacturing of large-scale complex parts.
Preferably, the additive manufacturing method based on hot wire friction micro-forging further includes: and opening the protective gas device to enable the heated part of the whole working area to be placed in the protective atmosphere. When the additive metal is low-melting-point metal such as aluminum, magnesium and alloy thereof, protective gas can be omitted. When the additive metal is high-melting-point metal such as copper, titanium, iron and the like, protective gas is required to be used. The shielding gas is typically an inert gas.
In the aforementioned method, it is preferable that the width variation of the additive layer is achieved by replacing stirring elements 1 of different diameters. When the layer width needing material increase is larger, a stirring piece with a larger diameter is adopted. When the width of the layer needing additive is smaller, a stirring piece with a smaller diameter is adopted. If the width of the additive layer is extremely large, additive can be realized in a multi-pass parallel mode.
In the above method, preferably, the wire 3 is in clearance fit with the axial through hole of the stirring member 1. The variation of the additive efficiency is achieved by varying the diameter of the axial through hole 101 of the stirring member 1 and the diameter of the wire 3 matched therewith. When the diameter of the wire 3 is large, the additive efficiency is high, and when the diameter of the wire 3 is small, the additive efficiency is low.
Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The additive manufacturing device based on hot wire friction micro-forging is characterized by comprising a workbench, a stirring friction device, an induction heating device (2) and a wire feeding device (4), wherein the workbench comprises a base plate (5); the stirring and friction device is positioned above the substrate (5), and the induction heating device (2) is connected with the stirring and friction device; the wire feeding device (4) is positioned above the stirring friction device;
the stirring friction device comprises a servo motor and a stirring piece (1); the stirring piece (1) is driven by a servo motor to rotate, press down, lift and translate; a through hole (101) is formed in the center axis of the stirring piece (1), and the wire feeding device (4) feeds wires through the through hole (101) of the stirring piece (1); the lower end face of the stirring piece is provided with a centrifugal guide fan blade (102) and a protective shaft shoulder (104), and the protective shaft shoulder (104) is positioned on the outer side of the centrifugal guide fan blade (102); one end of the centrifugal guide fan blade (102) is connected with the protective shaft shoulder (104), and the other end extends to the through hole (101); centrifugal guide grooves (103) are formed between the adjacent centrifugal guide fan blades (102).
2. The hot-wire friction micro-forging based additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein the induction heating device (2) comprises an induction coil and a power supply, the power supply is connected with the induction coil, and the stirring member (1) is positioned in an inner cavity of the induction coil.
3. The hot-wire friction micro-forging based additive manufacturing device according to claim 2, further comprising a shielding gas device, wherein the shielding gas device is connected with the friction stir device, and the stirring piece (1) and the induction coil are both positioned in the shielding gas released by the shielding gas device.
4. The hot-wire friction micro-forging based additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein the shielding gas device comprises a cover body and a gas source, the cover body is connected with the friction stir device, and the gas source is used for introducing inert gas into an inner cavity of the cover body.
5. The hot wire friction micro-forging based additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein the radial thickness of the protective shaft shoulder (104) is 1-3 mm.
6. Hot wire friction micro forging based additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the stirring element (1) is made of an electrically conductive material.
7. An additive manufacturing method based on hot wire friction micro-forging is characterized in that the additive manufacturing method is implemented based on the additive manufacturing device according to any one of claims 1-5, and comprises the following steps:
step 10), opening an induction heating device, heating the stirring piece (1) to 0.45-0.95 times of the melting point of the wire (3), and keeping the stirring head at a constant temperature by controlling power supply parameters in the induction heating device (2);
step 20), starting the stirring friction device and the workbench, adjusting the stirring piece (1) to a processing area, and keeping a rotating state;
step 30), starting the wire feeding device (4), adjusting the wire feeding speed, and ensuring that the wires (3) can be heated to the temperature close to the stirring piece (1) after passing through the through hole (101) of the axis of the stirring piece;
step 40), controlling the workbench or the stirring piece (1), so that the stirring piece (1) travels on the substrate (5) along a preset path to perform additive manufacturing;
and step 50), after the additive manufacturing of one layer is finished, lifting the stirring head (1), repeating the step 40), and performing additive manufacturing of the next layer until the additive manufacturing is finished.
8. The hot-wire friction micro-forging based additive manufacturing method according to claim 7, further comprising:
and opening the protective gas device to enable the heated part of the whole working area to be placed in the protective atmosphere.
9. Hot-wire friction micro-forging based additive manufacturing method according to claim 7, characterized in that the width variation of the additive layer is achieved by replacing stirring elements (1) of different diameters.
10. The hot-wire friction micro-forging based additive manufacturing method according to claim 7, wherein the wires (3) are in clearance fit with the through holes (101) of the stirring member (1), and the change of the additive efficiency is realized by replacing the wires (3) with different diameters.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115502418A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2022-12-23 | 长沙麓客工业设计有限公司 | Friction material increase device and material increase and defect repair method |
| US11772188B1 (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2023-10-03 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Additive friction stir deposition system for refractory metals |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US12172229B2 (en) | 2023-03-30 | 2024-12-24 | Blue Origin, Llc | Friction stir additive manufacturing devices and methods for forming in-situ rivets |
| US12140109B2 (en) | 2023-03-30 | 2024-11-12 | Blue Origin, Llc | Transpiration-cooled systems having permeable and non-permeable portions |
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| WO2010041945A2 (en) * | 2008-10-10 | 2010-04-15 | Stichting Materials Innovation Institute (M2I) | Friction stir welding with heated supply material |
| CN107150166A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-09-12 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of thermal source assisted recombination formula twin shaft needleless dynamic agitation friction welding method |
| CN107755701A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-03-06 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of resistance electromagnetic induction friction composite heating metal wire material manufacturing process and device |
| CN112496522A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-03-16 | 昆山哈工万洲焊接研究院有限公司 | Stirring friction material increase device and material increase manufacturing method |
Cited By (2)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11772188B1 (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2023-10-03 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Additive friction stir deposition system for refractory metals |
| CN115502418A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2022-12-23 | 长沙麓客工业设计有限公司 | Friction material increase device and material increase and defect repair method |
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