CN113131217B - All-metal dual-polarized open waveguide antenna - Google Patents
All-metal dual-polarized open waveguide antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN113131217B CN113131217B CN202110434208.4A CN202110434208A CN113131217B CN 113131217 B CN113131217 B CN 113131217B CN 202110434208 A CN202110434208 A CN 202110434208A CN 113131217 B CN113131217 B CN 113131217B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/06—Waveguide mouths
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
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Abstract
The invention discloses an all-metal dual-polarized open waveguide antenna, which adopts a novel SSPPs excitation structure and an excitation mode to change the mode of loading an open waveguide antenna by SSPPs; the loading mode simplifies the processing mode, reduces the processing cost and makes the dual polarization loading more convenient. All the structures in the invention are made of metal materials, and no medium is needed, thereby avoiding medium loss. The invention adopts a novel SSPPs loading mode, and almost does not change the impedance characteristic of the open waveguide, so that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is very wide, the antenna can cover the whole Ka wave band, and the structure is symmetrical, thereby supporting double linear polarization radiation or double circular polarization radiation; double circular polarization radiation based on double linear polarization can be realized by adding a circular polarizer at the input end of the square waveguide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of antennas, and particularly relates to an all-metal dual-polarized open waveguide antenna.
Background
The conventional open waveguide antenna has a small self-setting radiation aperture, low gain and wide lobe, and thus cannot be directly used. Only for special scenes requiring a wide beam. The open waveguide antenna array can improve the gain, but the feed network is complex and heavy, and the cost and the volume are increased.
The conventional metal horn antenna has the defects of large volume, heavy weight and the like because the gain is improved by simply increasing the volume of the antenna. The general horn needs a slope gradual change structure, and the machining is difficult.
The currently common dielectric rod loaded open waveguide antenna has mechanical strength inferior to that of an integral metal structure because the dielectric rod needs to be loaded on the open surface. Due to the existence of the dielectric rod, the antenna has high dielectric loss and low efficiency. Especially at millimeter waves and higher frequencies, the loss tangent of the dielectric rod increases due to material limitations, and the dielectric loss increases sharply. Low loss media are generally very costly. The general dielectric rod is a more complex cone, a spiral and other gradually-changed structure, the processing is more complex, especially in a millimeter wave and other higher frequency bands, the wavelength is shortened, the volume of the antenna is reduced, and the processing is more difficult.
Although the conventional substrate integrated wave open waveguide and horn antenna can be realized by a planar substrate, the radiation aperture and the free space are difficult to match, so that the general bandwidth is narrow and the gain is low. In addition, due to the limitation of the implementation principle of the substrate integrated waveguide, the metal via hole cannot transmit longitudinal current, dual-polarized end-fire wave beams are difficult to implement, a layer of continuous metal is added in the middle of the via hole by using a multilayer board, the processing is very complex, and the bandwidth is very narrow, so that the practicability is not high.
Although the conventional yagi antenna and log periodic endfire antenna have simple structures and low cost, the gain of the yagi antenna is improved, and generally a guide unit is required to be added, so that the bandwidth is narrowed; the log periodic antenna gain is low. The millimeter wave band and the higher frequency band are generally processed by the PCB technology, and dual-polarization radiation is difficult to realize.
In summary, the conventional open waveguide antenna is generally only used for test measurement, and the application scenario is single; although the metal horn antenna has higher gain and wider bandwidth, the structure is heavy; the existing dielectric rod loaded open waveguide antenna has excellent performance, but has high dielectric loss, difficult processing and high cost, and the structural strength of the antenna is difficult to ensure; the conventional substrate integrated waveguide open waveguide and horn antenna have compact structures, but the bandwidth is narrow, dual polarization is difficult to realize, and the loss is high; the existing yagi antenna and log periodic end-fire antenna are difficult to realize dual-polarized radiation in millimeter wave band.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the all-metal dual-polarized split waveguide antenna provided by the invention solves the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an all-metal dual-polarized split waveguide antenna comprises an antenna main body and an Orthogonal Mode Transducer (OMT) which are connected with each other;
the antenna body comprises an open waveguide and a reflective cavity which are connected with each other; the open waveguide comprises an antenna radiation port, an SSPPs structure, a first mounting back plate, a first mounting hole, an SSPPs coupling slot and an antenna feed port; the antenna radiation port and the antenna feed port are respectively arranged at two ends of the SSPPs structure; the first mounting back plate is square, an opening is formed in the center of the first mounting back plate, and first mounting holes are formed in four corners of the first mounting back plate; the antenna feed port is connected with the opening of the first mounting backboard, and an SSPPs coupling groove is formed in the position, close to the antenna feed port, of the SSPPs structure;
the reflection cavity comprises a second mounting back plate, a second mounting hole and a reflection cavity; the reflecting cavity is a cuboid cavity, and two parallel surfaces are provided with openings; the second mounting back plate is square, the center of the second mounting back plate is provided with an opening, and four corners of the second mounting back plate are respectively provided with a second mounting hole; the opening of the reflection cavity is the same as the opening of the second mounting backboard in size, and four sides of the opening are correspondingly connected;
the orthogonal mode converter OMT is provided with a public port, a first polarization port and a second polarization port, and the antenna feed port is connected with the public port.
Further, the opening waveguide is worn to locate the reflection cavity, the SSPPs structure is the rectangular solid post structure of cavity, antenna radiation port and antenna feed port intercommunication, all be provided with the protruding structure of a style of calligraphy of a plurality of gradual change heights on four surfaces of SSPPs structure, the antenna main part is about the axis symmetry of SSPPs structure length direction.
Furthermore, a third mounting back plate is arranged on the public port, and third mounting holes are respectively formed in four corners of the third mounting back plate.
Furthermore, the first mounting hole, the second mounting hole and the third mounting hole correspond to each other one by one and are connected through screws.
Furthermore, the antenna main body and the orthogonal mode transducer OMT are made of metal.
Further, the antenna body and the orthomode transducer OMT may be connected by a circular polarizer.
Furthermore, the circular polarizer comprises a corner cut waveguide circular polarizer, a waveguide outer wall is arranged on the outer surface of the corner cut waveguide circular polarizer, a fourth mounting back plate and a fifth mounting back plate which are both square are respectively arranged at two ends of the corner cut waveguide circular polarizer, fourth mounting holes are respectively arranged at four corners of the fourth mounting back plate, and fifth mounting holes are respectively arranged at four corners of the fifth mounting back plate; the antenna feed port is connected with the public port through the corner cut waveguide circular polarizer.
Furthermore, the first mounting hole, the second mounting hole and the fourth mounting hole correspond to each other one by one and are connected through screws, and the third mounting hole and the fifth mounting hole correspond to each other one by one and are connected through screws.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts a novel SSPPs excitation structure and an excitation mode, so that the mode of loading the open waveguide antenna by the SSPPs is changed; the loading mode simplifies the processing mode, reduces the processing cost and makes the dual-polarization loading more convenient.
(2) All the structures are made of metal materials, no medium is needed, medium loss is avoided, which is particularly important in millimeter wave bands, machining or metal 3D printing can be selected as a machining mode, and machining difficulty and manufacturing cost are reduced.
(3) Due to the innovativeness of the loading mode, the loading structure is arranged on the side wall of the waveguide; since the loading structure does not exceed the quarter wavelength of the working frequency theoretically, the transverse dimension of the antenna is not excessively increased, and the length of the loading structure is basically consistent with that of a normal open waveguide probe.
(4) The invention adopts a novel SSPPs loading mode without changing the impedance characteristic of the open waveguide, so that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is very wide and the whole Ka wave band can be covered.
(5) In the invention, the height of the SSPPs is lower, the equivalent dielectric constant of the dispersion characteristic is more stable, and the 3dB gain bandwidth of the antenna can reach more than 30%.
(6) The structure of the invention is symmetrical, thus supporting double linear polarization radiation or double circular polarization radiation; dual circular polarized radiation can be achieved by adding a circular polarizer at the input of a square waveguide.
(7) The loading mode of the invention can be applied to square waveguides, and rectangular waveguides and circular waveguides are also applicable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an all-metal dual-polarized split waveguide antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circular polarizer according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the dimensional parameters of the open waveguide of the present invention.
Wherein: the antenna comprises an antenna body 1, an orthogonal mode transformer OMT2, an antenna radiation port 3, a 4-SSPPs structure, a first installation back plate 5, a first installation hole 6, a second installation hole 7, an SSPPs coupling slot 8, a second installation back plate 9, a second installation hole 10, a reflection cavity 11, an antenna feed port 12, a common port 12, a first polarization port 13, a second polarization port 14, a third installation back plate 15, a third installation hole 16, a fourth installation back plate 17, a fifth installation back plate 18, a fourth installation hole 19, a fifth installation hole 20, a cut-angle waveguide circular polarizer 21 and a waveguide outer wall 22.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, an all-metal dual-polarized split waveguide antenna is characterized by comprising an antenna body 1 and an orthogonal mode transducer OMT2 which are connected with each other;
the antenna body 1 comprises an open waveguide and a reflective cavity which are connected with each other; the split waveguide comprises an antenna radiation port 3, an SSPPs structure 4, a first mounting backboard 5, a first mounting hole 6, an SSPPs coupling slot 7 and an antenna feed port 11; the antenna radiation port 3 and the antenna feed port 11 are respectively arranged at two ends of the SSPPs structure 4; the first mounting back plate 5 is square, the center of the first mounting back plate is provided with an opening, and four corners of the first mounting back plate are respectively provided with a first mounting hole 6; the antenna feed port 11 is connected with the opening of the first mounting backboard 5, and the SSPPs coupling slot 7 is arranged at the position of the SSPPs structure 4 close to the antenna feed port 11; SSPPs denotes artificial surface plasmons.
The reflection cavity comprises a second mounting back plate 8, a second mounting hole 9 and a reflection cavity 10; the reflecting cavity 10 is a cuboid cavity, and two parallel surfaces are provided with openings; the second mounting backboard 8 is square, the center of the second mounting backboard is provided with an opening, and four corners of the second mounting backboard are respectively provided with a second mounting hole 9; the opening of the reflection cavity 10 is the same as the opening of the second mounting backboard 8 in size, and four sides of the opening are correspondingly connected;
the orthogonal mode converter OMT2 is provided with a common port 12, a first polarization port 13 and a second polarization port 14, and the antenna feed port 11 is connected to the common port 12.
The opening waveguide wears to locate the reflection cavity, and SSPPs structure 4 is the rectangular solid post structure of cavity, and antenna radiation port 3 communicates with antenna feed port 11, all is provided with the protruding structure of a style of calligraphy of a plurality of gradual change heights on four surfaces of SSPPs structure 4, and antenna body 1 is about the axis symmetry of the long direction of SSPPs structure 4.
A third mounting back plate 15 is arranged on the common port 12, and third mounting holes 16 are respectively arranged at four corners of the third mounting back plate 15.
The first mounting holes 6, the second mounting holes 9 and the third mounting holes 16 correspond to one another and are connected through screws.
The antenna body 1 and the orthogonal mode transducer OMT2 are made of metal.
The antenna body 1 and the orthogonal mode transducer OMT2 may also be connected by a circular polarizer.
As shown in fig. 2, the circular polarizer includes a corner cut waveguide circular polarizer 21, a waveguide outer wall 22 is disposed on an outer surface of the corner cut waveguide circular polarizer 21, a fourth mounting back plate 17 and a fifth mounting back plate 18, both of which are square, are disposed at two ends of the corner cut waveguide circular polarizer 21, fourth mounting holes 19 are disposed at four corners of the fourth mounting back plate 17, and fifth mounting holes 20 are disposed at four corners of the fifth mounting back plate 18; the antenna feed port 11 is connected to the common port 12 by a corner cut waveguide circular polarizer 21.
The first mounting holes 6, the second mounting holes 9 and the fourth mounting holes 19 are in one-to-one correspondence and are connected through screws, and the third mounting holes 16 and the fifth mounting holes 20 are in one-to-one correspondence and are connected through screws.
In this embodiment, the SSPPs structure 4 is a gradually-varying height SSPPs, and the height variation formula is:
wherein y represents the height which needs to be subtracted from one bump structure to the next bump structure from the direction from the maximum height to the minimum height of the SSPPs structure 4; h ismin、hmaxRespectively, the minimum height and the maximum height of the convex structure in the SSPPs structure 4, and z is expressed by hmaxThe convex structure is used as an original point, a coordinate system is established by taking the direction from the maximum height to the minimum height as a z-axis, and the distance from the original point to the next convex structure is obtained; l isaDenotes the total length of the open waveguide, La＝87mm。
As shown in FIG. 3, the shape of the inner channel of the SSPPs structure 4 in the open waveguide is a rectangular prism, and the width and the height of the rectangular prism are wa(ii) a The width of the linear convex structure on the outer surface of the SSPPs structure 4 is w2(ii) a The thickness from the outer surface to the inner surface of the SSPPs structure 4 is t1(ii) a The lowest height of the linear convex structure is hminIts maximum height is hmax(ii) a In this embodimentTwo SSPPs coupling grooves 7 are arranged, and the width of the SSPPs coupling groove 7 is wsThe distance between the two SSPPs coupling grooves 7 is w3(ii) a The distance between the SSPPs coupling slot 7 close to the antenna feed port 11 and the antenna feed port 11 is w4(ii) a The total distance obtained by adding the width of the linear convex structure and the distance between the two linear convex structures is p.
The above parameters are specifically shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 (Unit: mm)
The working principle of the invention is as follows: electric field distribution generated by slotting on metal wall and main mode (TM) transmitted in SSPPs transmission line0Modes) are highly similar, based on the field similarity, SSPPs transmission lines can be excited by opening a transverse slot at the waveguide broadside. In order to reduce the back lobe of the end-fire antenna and improve the gain of the antenna, a metal cavity is added at the position of the waveguide slot to restrain an electric field. Based on the unit structure of the SSPPs, the dispersion characteristic of the SSPPs structure can be adjusted by adjusting the unit height of the SSPPs, so that the transmission of waves is controlled, and the SSPPs with gradually changed heights can enable the surface waves transmitted on the side wall of the waveguide to be combined with the electric field generated by the waveguide opening at the waveguide opening to achieve the effect of quasi-plane waves, so that high gain is achieved in a far field. The loading of SSPPs may also be viewed as a dielectric loading of a certain dielectric constant. The loading of metal SSPPs replaces the loading of dielectric materials, and dielectric loss is avoided. Due to the structural symmetry of the square waveguide, the antenna can support dual-linear polarization radiation or dual-circular polarization radiation. Implementation of dual polarized radiation the antenna is implemented using an OMT and a polarizer. The square waveguide port of the OMT is connected to the antenna, and two kinds of linear polarization can be generated when the rest two ports feed power respectively. The insertion of a circular polarizer between the OMT square waveguide port and the open waveguide antenna allows to generate two circularly polarized radiations, respectively, when the two other ports of the OMT are fed. Due to the adoption of a novel SSPPs loading mode and no change of the impedance characteristic of the open waveguide, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is very wide. Due to the high SSPPsThe degree is lower, the dielectric constant equivalent to the dispersion characteristic is more stable, and the 3dB gain bandwidth of the antenna can reach more than 30%.
Claims (8)
1. An all-metal dual-polarized split waveguide antenna is characterized by comprising an antenna body (1) and an orthogonal mode transducer OMT (2) which are connected with each other;
the antenna body (1) comprises an open waveguide and a reflective cavity which are connected with each other; the split waveguide comprises an antenna radiation port (3), an SSPPs structure (4), a first mounting backboard (5), a first mounting hole (6), an SSPPs coupling slot (7) and an antenna feed port (11); the antenna radiation port (3) and the antenna feed port (11) are respectively arranged at two ends of the SSPPs structure (4); the first mounting back plate (5) is square, an opening is formed in the center of the first mounting back plate, and first mounting holes (6) are formed in four corners of the first mounting back plate; the antenna feed port (11) is connected with an opening of the first mounting backboard (5), and an SSPPs coupling slot (7) is arranged at a position, close to the antenna feed port (11), of the SSPPs structure (4);
the reflection cavity comprises a second mounting back plate (8), a second mounting hole (9) and a reflection cavity (10); the reflecting cavity (10) is a cuboid cavity, and two pairs of parallel surfaces are provided with openings; the second mounting back plate (8) is square, an opening is formed in the center of the second mounting back plate, and second mounting holes (9) are formed in four corners of the second mounting back plate; the opening of the reflection cavity (10) is the same as the opening of the second mounting backboard (8), and four sides of the opening are correspondingly connected;
the orthogonal mode converter OMT (2) is provided with a common port (12), a first polarization port (13) and a second polarization port (14), and the antenna feed port (11) is connected with the common port (12).
2. The all-metal dual-polarized split waveguide antenna according to claim 1, wherein the split waveguide is inserted into a reflective cavity, the SSPPs structure (4) is a hollow rectangular prism structure, the antenna radiation port (3) is communicated with the antenna feed port (11), four outer surfaces of the SSPPs structure (4) are each provided with a plurality of linear protruding structures with gradually changing heights, and the antenna body (1) is symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the SSPPs structure (4).
3. The all-metal dual polarized split waveguide antenna according to claim 1, wherein a third mounting backplate (15) is provided on the common port (12), and third mounting holes (16) are provided at four corners of the third mounting backplate (15), respectively.
4. The all-metal dual polarized split waveguide antenna according to claim 3, wherein the first mounting hole (6), the second mounting hole (9) and the third mounting hole (16) correspond one to one and are connected by screws.
5. The all-metal dual polarized open waveguide antenna according to claim 1, wherein the antenna body (1) and the orthomode transducer OMT (2) are made of metal.
6. The all-metallic dual polarized split waveguide antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the antenna body (1) and the orthogonal mode transducer OMT (2) are further connected by a circular polarizer.
7. The all-metal dual-polarized split waveguide antenna according to claim 6, wherein the circular polarizer comprises a corner cut waveguide circular polarizer (21), a waveguide outer wall (22) is disposed on an outer surface of the corner cut waveguide circular polarizer (21), a fourth mounting back plate (17) and a fifth mounting back plate (18) which are both square are respectively disposed at two ends of the corner cut waveguide circular polarizer (21), fourth mounting holes (19) are respectively disposed at four corners of the fourth mounting back plate (17), and fifth mounting holes (20) are respectively disposed at four corners of the fifth mounting back plate (18); the antenna feed port (11) is connected to the common port (12) by a corner cut waveguide circular polarizer (21).
8. The all-metal dual-polarized split waveguide antenna according to claim 7, wherein the first mounting hole (6), the second mounting hole (9) and the fourth mounting hole (19) are in one-to-one correspondence and are connected by screws, and the third mounting hole (16) and the fifth mounting hole (20) are in one-to-one correspondence and are connected by screws.
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| CN202110434208.4A CN113131217B (en) | 2021-04-22 | 2021-04-22 | All-metal dual-polarized open waveguide antenna |
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