Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention disclosed herein are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand the advantages and effects of the present invention from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and its several details are capable of modification and various other changes, which can be made in various details within the specification and without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The drawings of the present invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not drawn to scale. The following embodiments will further explain the related art of the present invention in detail, but the disclosure is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
It will be understood that, although the terms "first," "second," "third," etc. may be used herein to describe various components or signals, these components or signals should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used primarily to distinguish one element from another element or from one signal to another signal. In addition, the term "or" as used herein should be taken to include any one or combination of more of the associated listed items as the case may be.
[ method for manufacturing a MOSFET ]
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2A to fig. 2G, a method for fabricating a mosfet according to an embodiment of the present invention includes steps S110 to S170. In this embodiment, the mosfet is a power device, such as: a power supply or a transformer, but the invention is not limited thereto. It should be noted that the order of the steps and the actual operation manner described in the present embodiment can be adjusted according to the requirement, and are not limited to the description in the present embodiment.
In the following, a method for fabricating a mosfet is described, but for convenience of understanding, a cell region of the mosfet is taken as an example in the present embodiment, and a cross-sectional view is taken for a description, please refer to the drawings corresponding to each step, and refer to the drawings of other steps as needed. The specific steps of the method for fabricating the mosfet are described as follows.
As shown in fig. 2A, step S110 includes: a substrate structure 1 is provided. The substrate structure 1 includes: an underlayer 11 and an epitaxial layer 12 formed on the underlayer 11. The two surfaces of the substrate structure 1 on opposite sides are respectively defined as a top surface and a bottom surface (neither figure is labeled). The surface of the epitaxial layer 12 opposite to the base layer 11 is the top surface, and the surface of the base layer 11 opposite to the epitaxial layer 12 is the bottom surface.
More specifically, the material of the base layer 11 may be, for example, an N-type doped semiconductor or a P-type doped semiconductor, the epitaxial layer 12 may be formed on the base layer 11 by, for example, an epitaxial (epitaxiy) process, and the conductivity type of the epitaxial layer 12 may be, for example, the same as that of the base layer 11 (e.g., N-type doping or P-type doping). In the embodiment, the base layer 11 is an N-type doped semiconductor, the epitaxial layer 12 is also an N-type doped semiconductor, and the doping concentration of the base layer 11 is higher than that of the epitaxial layer 12, but the invention is not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 2A, in the present embodiment, the epitaxial layer 12 further includes a first epitaxial layer 121 and a second epitaxial layer 122. First, the first epitaxial layer 121 is formed on the base layer 11 by an epitaxial process, and then the second epitaxial layer 122 is formed on the first epitaxial layer 121 by an epitaxial process, so that the first epitaxial layer 121 is located between the base layer 11 and the second epitaxial layer 122, and an interface 123 is formed between the first epitaxial layer 121 and the second epitaxial layer 122.
The conductivity type of the base layer 11 is the same as that of the first epitaxial layer 121 and the second epitaxial layer 122. That is, the conductivity types of the base layer 11, the first epitaxial layer 121, and the second epitaxial layer 122 are all N-type doped, but the invention is not limited thereto.
The doping concentration of the substrate layer 11 is higher than that of the first epitaxial layer 121, and the doping concentration of the substrate layer 11 is also higher than that of the second epitaxial layer 122.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the doping concentration of the substrate layer 11 is approximately between 1018/cm3To 1019/cm3The doping concentration of the first epitaxial layer 121 is approximately between 1014/cm3To 1016/cm3And the doping concentration of the second epitaxial layer 122 is also approximately between 1014/cm3To 1016/cm3In the meantime. Furthermore, the doping concentration of first epitaxial layer 121 is different from the doping concentration of second epitaxial layer 122, and the doping concentrations of first epitaxial layer 121 and second epitaxial layer 122 are uniform.
As shown in fig. 2B, step S120 includes: a plurality of trenches 13 are recessed in the epitaxial layer 12 according to a predetermined trench depth. The plurality of trenches 13 may be formed by etching, for example, but the invention is not limited thereto.
Furthermore, a plurality of trenches 13 are recessed at intervals on a side surface of the epitaxial layer 12 opposite to the substrate layer 11. Wherein the preset trench depth is defined as X1 microns, and X1 is a real number greater than zero. In the present embodiment, X1 is a real number not less than 4 and not more than 16.
Accordingly, each of the trenches 13 is formed with a trench depth of X1 μm.
Further, the bottom of the plurality of trenches 13 is not in contact with the substrate layer 11 and is spaced apart from the substrate layer 11. In other words, the plurality of trenches 13 are recessed from the top surface of the substrate structure 1 and do not contact the base layer 11 of the substrate structure 1.
More specifically, an interface 123 is formed between the first epitaxial layer 121 and the second epitaxial layer 122, and the interface 123 is substantially located at (or aligned with) the bottoms of the trenches 13 and is extendedly connected between the doped regions 2 (see fig. 2C). The trenches 13 are recessed from a side surface of the second epitaxial layer 122 opposite to the first epitaxial layer 121, and the trenches 13 are substantially located in the second epitaxial layer 122 and above the first epitaxial layer 121. In addition, the trenches 13 are not in contact with or only partially overlap the first epitaxial layer 121, but the invention is not limited thereto. It should be noted that, in the embodiment, although the interface 123 is illustrated as being cut and aligned with the bottoms of the plurality of grooves 13, the invention is not limited thereto. For example, the interface 123 may be disposed adjacent and below the bottom of the plurality of grooves 13, for example, and spaced a small distance from the bottom of the plurality of grooves 13.
It should be noted that, in fig. 2B, the trench depths X1 of the plurality of trenches 13 are illustrated as having the same depth, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, in an embodiment not shown in the present disclosure, the trench depths X1 of the trenches 13 may also be different from each other.
It should be noted that the trenches 13 are described with reference to the trenches 13 at different positions in the epitaxial layer 12 in a cross-sectional view. If viewed as a whole, the grooves 13 may be connected or separated from each other, and the invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 2C, step S130 includes: a plurality of doped regions 2 are formed at the bottom of the trenches 13, respectively, and the doped regions 2 are diffused from the bottom of the trenches 13 toward the epitaxial layer 12. The doped regions 2 may be formed by an ion implantation process, for example, but the invention is not limited thereto.
That is, the bottom of each trench 13 is formed with a doped region 2, and each doped region 2 is diffused from the bottom of its corresponding trench 13 toward the portion of the epitaxial layer 12. Accordingly, each of the doped regions 2 surrounds the bottom of its corresponding trench 13. Furthermore, in the present embodiment, each of the doped regions 2 only slightly diffuses from the bottom of the corresponding trench 13 toward the epitaxial layer 12 to form a half-moon structure, and each of the doped regions 2 is not in contact with the substrate layer 11 and is spaced apart from the substrate layer 11. It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, each of the doped regions 2 is partially located in the first epitaxial layer 121, and the other portion is located in the second epitaxial layer 122.
Further, in the present embodiment, the conductivity type of the doped regions 2 is different from that of the substrate layer 11 and also different from that of the epitaxial layer 12. That is, the doped regions 2 of the present embodiment are P-type doped semiconductors, and the implanted ion species may be, for example, boron ions (B +).
It should be noted that the doped regions 2 (P-type doped semiconductor) and the epitaxial layer 12 (N-type doped semiconductor) can be formed together as a P-N Junction Diode.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the doping concentration of the doped regions 2 is approximately between 1015/cm3To 1017/cm3In the meantime.
It should be noted that the doping concentrations of the first epitaxial layer 121, the second epitaxial layer 122, and the doped regions 2 need to be low (e.g., not greater than 10)17/cm3) To reduce the conductivity of these components, so that the finally formed mosfet 100 can withstand higher operating voltages. If the doping concentration of the first epitaxial layer 121, the second epitaxial layer 122, and the doped regions 2 needs to be high (e.g., greater than 10)18/cm3) The finally formed mosfet 100 may be burned out by being subjected to an excessive operating voltage.
As shown in fig. 2D, step S140 includes: an oxide layer structure 3 is formed extending on a surface of the epitaxial layer 12 opposite to the substrate layer 11 and on inner walls of the trenches 13 according to a predetermined oxide layer thickness. The oxide layer structure 3 may be formed by a low temperature oxide deposition (LTO deposition) process, for example, but the invention is not limited thereto.
More specifically, the oxide layer structure 3 includes a plurality of trench oxide layers 31 and a capping oxide layer 32. The trench oxide layers 31 are respectively formed on the inner walls of the trenches 13 and respectively abut against the doped regions 2, and each trench oxide layer 31 surrounds and forms a groove 33. Furthermore, the capping oxide layer 32 is formed on a surface of the epitaxial layer 12 opposite to the base layer 11 (i.e. a top surface of the epitaxial layer 12) and is extendedly connected between the trench oxide layers 31. In addition, the material of the oxide layer structure 3 may be, for example, a silicon compound or other dielectric materials. The above-mentioned compound of silicon may be, for example, silica or silicate, and is preferably silica, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Wherein the predetermined oxide layer thickness is defined as X2 microns, and X2 is a real number greater than zero. In the present embodiment, X2 is a real number not less than 0.5 and not more than 1.5, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Accordingly, each of the trench oxide layers 31 is formed with an oxide thickness of X2 μm.
Furthermore, the predetermined trench depth X1 and the predetermined oxide layer thickness X2 satisfy the following relationship:
0.05X1≤X2≤0.25X1。
according to the above configuration, since the trench depth X1 of each of the
trenches 13 is between 4 micrometers and 16 micrometers, the oxide layer thickness X2 of each of the trench oxide layers 31 is between 0.5 micrometers
To 1.5 microns
In between, and the material of each
trench oxide layer 31 is silicon dioxide or silicate with high resistance and low conductivity, so that the finally formed
mosfet 100 is suitable for applying a working voltage between 50 v and 800 v, and preferably between 200 v and 700 v.
It should be noted that the method for manufacturing the mosfet of this embodiment may adjust the numerical range of the predetermined trench depth X1 according to the predetermined specification requirement of the operating voltage, and correspondingly adjust the numerical range of the predetermined oxide layer thickness X2 according to the numerical range of the predetermined trench depth X1, so that the finally formed mosfet 100 is suitable for the predetermined specification requirement of the operating voltage, and the finally formed mosfet 100 is not burned due to the over-high voltage. Thereby, the reliability of the finally formed mosfet 100 is improved.
More specifically, in the present embodiment, the range of the predetermined trench depth X1 and the range of the predetermined oxide layer thickness X2 satisfy one of the following conditions:
if the predetermined trench depth X1 is between 4 microns and 7 microns, the predetermined oxide layer thickness X2 is between 0.5 microns
To 0.9 micron
And X1 and X2 conform to the following relationship: 0.071X1 ≦ X2 ≦ 0.225X1, so that the finally formed
MOSFET 100 is suitable for passing an operating voltage of not less than 75 volts and not more than 275 volts, and preferably an operating voltage of not less than 100 volts and not more than 250 volts.
Further, if the predetermined trench depth X1 is between 7 microns and 16 microns, the predetermined oxide layer thickness X2 is between 1.2 microns
To 1.5 microns
And X1 and X2 conform to the following relationship: 0.075X 1X 2X1 to make the
final MOSFET 100 suitable for charging the working voltage of not less than 275V and not more than 800VVoltage, and preferably an operating voltage of not less than 300 volts and not more than 700 volts.
If the predetermined trench depth X1 and the predetermined oxide layer thickness X2 do not satisfy one of the above conditions, the finally formed mosfet 100 may not be suitable for applying the predetermined operating voltage, and may be burned or have poor reliability. For example, if the thickness X2 of the trench oxide layer 31 is too thin, the finally formed mosfet 100 cannot withstand high voltage due to the reduced resistance, and may be burned out.
As shown in fig. 2E and also shown in fig. 1, step S150 includes: a plurality of semiconductor layer structures 4 are respectively formed in the recesses 33 surrounded by the trench oxide layers 31, so that the plurality of semiconductor layer structures 4 and the plurality of trench oxide layers 31 form a plurality of trench structures T together.
Further, the semiconductor structures 4 are respectively filled in the recesses 33 surrounded by the trench oxide layers 31, and the surfaces of the semiconductor structures 4 exposed outside (i.e., the top surfaces of the semiconductor structures 4 in fig. 2E) are lower than the outer surfaces of the capping oxide layers 32 (i.e., the surfaces of the capping oxide layers 32 opposite to the epitaxial layer 12 in fig. 2E) through an etch back step (etch back), for example, but the invention is not limited thereto. Furthermore, the exposed surfaces of the semiconductor layer structures 4 are substantially aligned with the top surface of the second epitaxial layer 122. The material of the plurality of semiconductor layer structures 4 may be, for example, doped polysilicon (polysilicon).
It should be noted that, in an embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of trenches 13 may be defined as deep trenches, and a plurality of shallow trenches (not shown) may be further formed between the plurality of deep trenches 13, and the trench depth of the shallow trenches is smaller than the trench depth of the deep trenches. The shallow trench with a smaller depth can be used to form a trench gate (gate) structure, and the deep trench with a larger depth can be used to form a trench source (source) structure. In addition, the bottom of the substrate structure 1 can be used to connect a drain (drain) wire, but the invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 2F, step S160 includes: a dielectric layer structure 5 (ILD) is formed and covered on the oxide layer structure 3 and the plurality of semiconductor layer structures 4, so that the oxide layer structure 3 and the plurality of semiconductor layer structures 4 are embedded in the dielectric layer structure 5. The dielectric layer structure 5 may be formed by chemical vapor deposition, for example, but the invention is not limited thereto. For example, the dielectric layer structure 5 may also be formed by physical vapor deposition or other suitable deposition processes. Furthermore, the material of the dielectric layer structure 5 may be, for example, a silicon compound or other dielectric materials.
Furthermore, the outer surface of the dielectric layer structure 5 may be planarized by a Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) process, for example, but the invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 2G and also shown in fig. 1, step S170 includes: a metal structure 6 is formed on a surface of the dielectric layer structure 5 opposite to the substrate layer 11, and the metal structure 6 partially penetrates through the dielectric layer structure 5 to be electrically connected to at least one of the trench structures T. The metal structure 6 may be formed by deposition, for example, and the metal structure 6 is an integrated structure formed by an aluminum-silicon-copper alloy in the embodiment, but the invention is not limited thereto in practical application.
Further, the metal structure 6 includes: one conductive portion 61 and two contact plugs 62 integrally formed with the conductive portion 61. The conductive portion 61 is formed on a surface of the dielectric layer structure 5 opposite to the substrate layer 11, the two contact plugs 62 are disposed at an interval, and the two contact plugs 62 respectively penetrate through the dielectric layer structure 5, so that the conductive portion 61 can be electrically connected to two adjacent trench structures T of the plurality of trench structures T through the two contact plugs 62 respectively. In addition, the width of each contact plug 62 is smaller than the width of the corresponding trench structure T and also smaller than the width of the corresponding trench 13.
More specifically, two contact plugs 62 are respectively penetratingly formed on the dielectric layer structure 5, and two contact plugs 62 respectively partially extend into the semiconductor layer structures 4 of the two trench structures T, so that the conductive portions 61 can be electrically connected to the semiconductor layer structures 4 of the two trench structures T through the two contact plugs 62 (see fig. 1). Therefore, the semiconductor layer 4 of the two trench structures T is disposed at an equipotential level compared to the two contact plugs 62 electrically connected thereto.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the conductive portion 61 covers only a part of the outer surface of the dielectric layer structure 5, and exposes another part of the outer surface of the dielectric layer structure 5.
It should be noted that, before forming the metal structure 6, the manufacturing method of the present embodiment further includes: two contact grooves (not numbered) are formed in the dielectric layer structure 5 by etching, so as to provide the two contact plugs 62 respectively formed therein.
After the steps S110 to S170 are performed, the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor 100 (or trench power device) shown in fig. 1 can be completed, but in practical applications, the steps are not excluded from being replaced by reasonable variations. It is further emphasized that the above-described steps are described in terms of cross-sectional views, which, consistent with the above-described steps, do not preclude the possibility of implementing the present invention in various design layouts. In other words, the mosfet of the present embodiment may have different layout configurations when viewed from the top.
Furthermore, it should be noted that the metal structure 6 partially penetrates through the dielectric layer structure 5 to be in direct contact with and electrically connected to at least one of the trench structures T, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the metal structure 6 may be electrically connected to at least one of the trench structures T by a wire without penetrating the dielectric layer structure 5. In this case, the metal structure 6 may not be in direct contact with any trench structure T.
[ Metal oxide semiconductor field Effect transistor ]
The above is a description of the method for manufacturing the mosfet according to the embodiment of the present invention, and the following is a description of a specific structure of the mosfet 100 according to the embodiment. It should be noted that, although the mosfet 100 of the present embodiment is manufactured by the above-mentioned manufacturing method, the invention is not limited thereto. That is, the mosfet of the present invention can be manufactured by other methods.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment further discloses a mosfet 100, which includes a substrate structure 1, a plurality of doped regions 2, an oxide layer structure 3, a plurality of semiconductor layer structures 4, a dielectric layer structure 5, and a metal structure 6.
The substrate structure 1 includes a base layer 11 and an epitaxial layer 12. The epitaxial layer 12 is formed on the base layer 11, the epitaxial layer 12 has a plurality of trenches 13, and the plurality of trenches 13 are recessed from a surface of the epitaxial layer 12 opposite to the base layer 11 and are arranged at intervals. Wherein a trench depth of each of the trenches 13 is X1 μm, and X1 is a real number greater than zero.
The doped regions 2 are formed at the bottom of the trenches 13 and diffuse towards the epitaxial layer 12.
The oxide layer structure 3 includes a plurality of trench oxide layers 31 and a covering oxide layer 32. The trench oxide layers 31 are respectively formed on the inner walls of the trenches 13 and respectively abut against the doped regions 2, and each trench oxide layer 31 surrounds and forms a groove 33. Furthermore, the capping oxide layer 32 is formed on a surface of the epitaxial layer 12 opposite to the substrate layer 11 and is extendedly connected between the trench oxide layers 31. Wherein the oxide layer thickness of each trench oxide layer 31 is X2 micrometers, and X2 is a real number greater than zero. In each trench and the corresponding trench oxide layer, X1 and X2 satisfy the following relation: x2 is more than or equal to 0.05X1 and less than or equal to 0.25X 1.
The plurality of semiconductor layer structures 4 are respectively formed in the plurality of recesses 33, and the plurality of semiconductor layer structures 4 can be respectively formed together with the plurality of trench oxide layers 31 as a plurality of trench structures T.
The dielectric layer structure 5 is formed and covers the oxide layer structure 3 and the plurality of semiconductor layer structures 4.
The metal structure 6 is formed on a surface of the dielectric layer structure 5 opposite to the substrate layer 11 and partially penetrates through the dielectric layer structure 5, so that the metal structure 6 can be electrically connected to at least one of the trench structures T, but the invention is not limited thereto. For example, the metal structure 6 may be electrically connected to at least one of the trench structures T by a wire without penetrating the dielectric layer structure 5.
According to the above configuration, the mosfet 100 of the present embodiment is adapted to pass an operating voltage between 50 v and 800 v, and preferably between 200 v and 700 v.
It should be noted that the mosfet 100 of the present embodiment may have different trench depths X1 according to different operating voltage specification requirements, and correspondingly adjust the oxide layer thickness X2 according to the trench depth X1, so that the mosfet 100 is suitable for the required operating voltage specification requirements, and the mosfet 100 is not burned due to too high voltage.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the trench depth X1 of the trench 13 is between 4 microns and 6 microns, the oxide thickness X2 of the trench oxide 31 is between 0.5 microns and 0.6 microns, and X1 and X2 satisfy the following relation: x2 is more than or equal to 0.08X1 and less than or equal to 0.15X 1.
Accordingly, the mosfet 100 is adapted to be energized with an operating voltage of not less than 75 volts and not more than 125 volts.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the trench depth X1 of the trench 13 is between 5 microns and 7 microns, the oxide thickness X2 of the trench oxide 31 is between 0.7 microns and 0.9 microns, and X1 and X2 satisfy the following relation: x2 is more than or equal to 0.10X1 and less than or equal to 0.18X 1.
Accordingly, the mosfet 100 is adapted to be energized with an operating voltage of not less than 125 volts and not more than 275 volts.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the trench depth X1 of the trench 13 is between 7 microns and 16 microns, the oxide thickness X2 of the trench oxide 31 is between 1.2 microns and 1.5 microns, and X1 and X2 satisfy the following relation: x2 is more than or equal to 0.075X1 and less than or equal to 0.22X 1.
Accordingly, the mosfet 100 is adapted to pass an operating voltage of not less than 275 v and not more than 800 v.
It should be noted that, as described in the above embodiment, the number of the plurality of trenches 13 is 5, and the number of the plurality of trench structures T is also 5 corresponding to the number of the plurality of trenches 13, but the invention is not limited thereto, and the number of the plurality of trenches 13 and the number of the trench structures T may be adjusted according to design requirements.
[ advantageous effects of the embodiments ]
One of the advantages of the present invention is that the technical solution provided by the present invention can pass "a trench depth of each trench is X1 micrometers and X1 is a real number greater than zero" and "an oxide layer thickness of each trench oxide layer is X2 micrometers and X2 is a real number greater than zero; wherein, in each trench and the corresponding trench oxide layer, X1 and X2 satisfy the following relation: the technical proposal that X2 is more than or equal to 0.05X1 and less than or equal to 0.25X 1' ensures that the finally formed metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor can bear higher working voltage without burning, thereby improving the reliability of the device.
The invention has another advantage that the finally formed metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor can be suitable for different working voltage specification requirements by adjusting the depth of the groove and correspondingly adjusting the thickness of the oxide layer of the groove.
In addition, in the aspect of chip design, because the technical scheme provided by the invention can bear higher working voltage under the condition of not needing to connect the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor in series, the area occupied by the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor on the chip can be greatly reduced, other electronic components can be designed on the chip, and the functions of the chip are more diversified.
The disclosure is only a preferred embodiment of the invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, so that the invention is not limited by the disclosure of the invention.