CN113137827B - Hydrogen liquefaction system - Google Patents
Hydrogen liquefaction system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113137827B CN113137827B CN202110471678.8A CN202110471678A CN113137827B CN 113137827 B CN113137827 B CN 113137827B CN 202110471678 A CN202110471678 A CN 202110471678A CN 113137827 B CN113137827 B CN 113137827B
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 184
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
- F25J1/001—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0065—Helium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0252—Control strategy, e.g. advanced process control or dynamic modeling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0261—Details of cold box insulation, housing and internal structure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogen liquefaction system which comprises a PLC main control module, a vacuum module, an impurity analysis module, a helium press module, an upper computer module, a cold box, an oil removal module, a gas management module, a cold water unit module, a gas distribution module, a nitrogen and liquid nitrogen supply module and a cold trap module; the method comprises the steps that a vacuum module, an impurity analysis module, a helium press module, a cold box, an oil removal module, a gas management module, a water chilling unit module, a gas distribution module, a nitrogen and liquid nitrogen supply module and a module with IO point positions less than a set threshold value in a cold trap module are connected with a PLC main control module through signal lines; and connecting the modules with the number of the IO points larger than the set threshold value with a PLC main control module through a switch, wherein the PLC main control module controls the operation of the modules in a communication mode through an upper computer module. The invention can solve the problem of insufficient IO control points of the PLC main control module, has high reliability and realizes scientific wiring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automatic control, in particular to a hydrogen liquefaction system.
Background
The hydrogen liquefaction process flow mainly comprises a precooling Linde-Hampson flow, a helium Brayton flow and a hydrogen Claude flow. The current hydrogen liquefaction control system is built in a helium brayton flow, the helium brayton flow adopts helium expansion refrigeration, and a schematic diagram is shown in fig. 1:
hydrogen heat exchange route a (heat exchange with gas and nitrogen for cooling), b (heat exchange with liquid nitrogen for cooling), c (heat exchange with reflux helium for cooling), d (heat exchange with low temperature helium for cooling), e (change into liquid hydrogen)
Helium heat exchange route 1 (heat exchange and temperature reduction with gas nitrogen and liquid nitrogen respectively), 2 (heat exchange and temperature reduction with reflux helium), 3 (entering a helium turboexpander), 4 (exiting a helium turboexpander after expansion and temperature reduction), 5 (heat exchange and temperature increase with hydrogen), 6 (heat exchange and temperature increase), 7 (returning to a helium compressor inlet)
The current hydrogen liquefaction system mainly adopts a set of PLC or DCS system to detect analog input parameters such as temperature, pressure, flow, rotating speed and the like related to a heat exchange flow, and simultaneously adjusts a pneumatic switch valve and a regulating valve related to the flow through a DO module (digital output module). The DI module (digital quantity input module) is used for collecting interlocking feedback information and detecting valve positions of the pneumatic switch valves, and the AI module (analog quantity input module) is used for collecting feedback information of the regulating valve.
However, with the increase of the liquid hydrogen productivity, the mode disadvantage of collecting all control point positions based on a single set of PLC main control module is more and more increased. First, because of the improvement of the functions of the hydrogen liquefaction system, a plurality of subsystems, such as liquid hydrogen transfer, nitrogen recovery and the like, need to be added. At present, IO (input/output) points of a hydrogen liquefaction system are insufficient. Secondly, the control points of all subsystems are concentrated in one set of PLC, and once the PLC fails, all subsystems can be stopped, so that the reliability is low. Third, the subsystem is generally far away from the hydrogen liquefaction main equipment, and if only one set of PLC main control module is used for collecting the point positions, the trouble can be brought to wiring.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a hydrogen liquefaction system which can solve the problem of insufficient IO control points of a PLC main control module, has high reliability and realizes scientific wiring.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A hydrogen liquefaction system comprises a PLC main control module, a vacuum module, an impurity analysis module, a helium press module, an upper computer module, a cold box, an oil removal module, a gas management module, a water chilling unit module, a gas distribution module, a nitrogen and liquid nitrogen supply module and a cold trap module;
The method comprises the steps that a vacuum module, an impurity analysis module, a helium press module, a cold box, an oil removal module, a gas management module, a water chilling unit module, a gas distribution module, a nitrogen and liquid nitrogen supply module and a module with IO point positions less than a set threshold value in a cold trap module are connected with a PLC main control module through signal lines; connecting modules with the number of IO points larger than a set threshold value with a PLC main control module through a switch, wherein the PLC main control module controls the operation of the modules in a communication mode through an upper computer module;
the vacuum module is used for vacuumizing the cold box; the impurity analysis module is used for analyzing the purity of helium and hydrogen in the cold box; the nitrogen and liquid nitrogen supply module is used for providing liquid nitrogen required to be precooled for the cold box and liquid nitrogen required by the cold trap module and providing nitrogen required by the cold box for purging; the nitrogen for purging is conveyed by a gas distribution module; the cold trap module is connected with the gas management module and is used for circularly removing oxygen and nitrogen impurities in helium; the water chilling unit module is used for cooling the cold box, the vacuum module and the helium press module;
The normal-temperature low-pressure helium enters a helium compressor module and is compressed into normal-temperature high-pressure helium, and the normal-temperature high-pressure helium is delivered into a cold box after impurities are removed by an oil removal module through pressure stabilization of a gas management module; the normal temperature and high pressure helium gas is expanded and cooled in a cold box to be low temperature and normal pressure helium gas after being precooled by liquid nitrogen, and then is subjected to heat exchange with hydrogen to be changed into normal temperature and low pressure helium gas, and the normal temperature and low pressure helium gas enters a gas management module again to flow back to a helium press module for the next circulation; the hydrogen gas is liquefied into liquid hydrogen.
Further, the modules with the number of IO points smaller than the set threshold value are a cold box, an oil removal module, a gas management module, a water chilling unit module, a gas distribution module, a nitrogen and liquid nitrogen supply module and a cold trap module; the modules with the number of IO points larger than the set threshold are a vacuum module, an impurity analysis module and a helium press module.
Further, the set threshold is 8-10.
Further, the hydrogen liquefaction system further comprises a nitrogen recovery module, wherein the nitrogen recovery module is used for recovering nitrogen formed after liquid nitrogen cools helium and hydrogen, the nitrogen is connected with the PLC main control module through the switch, and the PLC main control module controls the operation of the nitrogen recovery module in a communication mode through the upper computer module.
Further, the hydrogen liquefaction system further comprises a liquid hydrogen receiving and automatic transferring module, the liquid hydrogen receiving and automatic transferring module is used for receiving produced liquid hydrogen and automatically adding the liquid hydrogen into the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the liquid hydrogen receiving and automatic transferring module is connected with the PLC main control module through an exchanger and transmits pressure and liquid level information of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the upper computer module, and the PLC main control module controls the operation of the liquid hydrogen receiving and automatic transferring module in a communication mode through the upper computer module.
Further, the vacuum module, the impurity analysis module, the helium press module and the nitrogen recovery module are provided with respective sub-PLC modules and are independently maintained.
Further, the vacuum module, the impurity analysis module, the helium press module and the automatic transfer module are provided with respective sub-PLC modules and are independently maintained.
The beneficial effects are that:
1. According to the invention, a master-slave communication mode is carried out by adopting the hydrogen liquefaction PLC master control module to solve the defect of insufficient IO control points of a single set of PLC master control system, so that an independent control mode of master and slave machines is realized, and the other one can continue to operate no matter which one of the master and slave machines fails; and secondly, the connection relation between the modules and the PLC main control module is determined according to the relation between the number of IO points of the modules and the set threshold value, the modules with the small number of IO points are directly connected with the PLC main control module, the modules with the large number of IO points are controlled in a communication mode, and scientific wiring can be realized through reasonable grouping.
2. The cold box, the oil removal module, the gas management module, the water chilling unit module, the gas distribution module, the nitrogen and liquid nitrogen supply module and the cold trap module are directly connected with the PLC main control module through signal wires, and the vacuum module, the impurity analysis module and the helium press module are connected with the PLC main control module through a switch. Because the communication mode is adopted for control, the control device can be arranged at a place far away from the PLC main control module, and excessive noise can be avoided.
3. According to the invention, the nitrogen recovery module is added, so that nitrogen formed after the helium and the hydrogen are cooled by liquid nitrogen can be recovered, and recycling is realized.
4. The invention adds the liquid hydrogen receiving and automatic transferring module, which can receive the produced liquid hydrogen and automatically fill the liquid hydrogen storage tank.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a Brayton flow scheme for helium.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a hydrogen liquefaction system, which is shown in fig. 2 and comprises a PLC main control module, a vacuum module, an impurity analysis module, a helium press module, a nitrogen recovery module, a liquid hydrogen receiving and automatic transferring module, an upper computer module, a cold box, an oil removing module, a gas management module, a cold water unit module, a gas distribution module, a nitrogen and liquid nitrogen supply module and a cold trap module.
The method comprises the steps that a vacuum module, an impurity analysis module, a helium press module, a cold box, an oil removal module, a gas management module, a water chilling unit module, a gas distribution module, a nitrogen and liquid nitrogen supply module and a module with IO point positions less than a set threshold value in a cold trap module are connected with a PLC main control module through signal lines; and connecting the modules with the number of the IO points larger than the set threshold value with a PLC main control module through a switch, wherein the PLC main control module controls the operation of the modules in a communication mode through an upper computer module.
The threshold is set to 8-10 and in a preferred embodiment 10. The number of IO point positions of the cold box, the oil removing module, the gas management module, the water chilling unit module, the gas distribution module, the nitrogen and liquid nitrogen supply module and the cold trap module is smaller than 10, connecting the modules with a PLC main control module through signal lines; the device comprises a vacuum module, an impurity analysis module, a liquid hydrogen receiving and automatic transfer module, a helium press module and a nitrogen recovery module, wherein the number of IO point positions of the liquid hydrogen receiving and automatic transfer module, the helium press module and the nitrogen recovery module is larger than 10, the modules are connected with a PLC main control module through an exchanger, and the PLC main control module controls the operation of the vacuum module, the impurity analysis module, the helium press module, the nitrogen recovery module and the liquid hydrogen receiving and automatic transfer module in a communication mode through an upper computer module.
The helium compressor module provides compressed helium for whole hydrogen liquefaction refrigeration, analog parameters related to the helium compressor are transmitted to the upper computer module through the Ethernet switch, and meanwhile, the upper computer module can control operations such as on-off of the helium compressor module in a communication mode. The helium press module is used as a separate unit, and generally has a separate PLC module, and the helium circuit gas of the module is continuously circulated internally through the helium press. The helium compressor module is connected with the cold box through the oil removal module and the gas management module, and the normal-temperature low-pressure helium enters the helium compressor module and is compressed into normal-temperature high-pressure helium. The normal temperature high pressure helium removes water and oil impurities in the helium through an oil removing module, the high purity normal temperature high pressure helium is sent into a cold box front stage high pressure helium pipeline through a gas management module, the high pressure helium in the pipeline is precooled through liquid nitrogen provided by a nitrogen and liquid nitrogen supply module, then sent into a cold box inlet to be expanded and cooled into low temperature normal pressure helium, the low temperature normal pressure helium is subjected to gradual heat exchange with hydrogen along the way through a cold box rear stage low pressure pipeline, and finally returns to a helium press inlet to be changed into normal temperature low pressure helium for next circulation. The hydrogen gas is liquefied into liquid hydrogen after heat exchange.
The vacuum module performs vacuumizing operation on the cold box and the pipeline, related parameters of the vacuumizing operation are transmitted to the upper computer module through the Ethernet switch, and meanwhile, the upper computer module can control the operations of on-off of the vacuum module, pneumatic valve opening and closing and the like in a communication mode under the control of the PLC main control module. The whole cold box is arranged in a sealed vacuum shell, and energy cannot be lost to the greatest extent only in a vacuum environment by carrying out heat exchange and cooling on two paths of air sources of a helium path and a hydrogen path through a heat exchanger. The vacuum module is directly connected with the cold box, so that the vacuum environment of the cold box is ensured, and the vacuum module is always in a working state in the working process of the hydrogen liquefaction whole system, and the gas in the cold box is continuously evacuated. The vacuum module generally has a separate PLC module, and can be maintained as an independent module.
The impurity analysis module analyzes impurities in helium and hydrogen in the cold box, relevant parameters of the impurities are transmitted to the upper computer module through the Ethernet switch, and meanwhile, the upper computer module can conduct analysis mode switching selection in a communication mode under the control of the PLC main control module. The impurity analysis module is directly connected with part of the acquisition points in the cold box, and also provided with a separate PLC module for independent maintenance.
The nitrogen recovery module is used for recovering the vaporized nitrogen formed after the helium and the hydrogen in the previous stage are cooled by the liquid nitrogen, the nitrogen recovery module is directly connected with the cold box, and the volatilized nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen tank in the cold box is collected and compressed into a nitrogen pipe network through a nitrogen compressor in the nitrogen recovery module, so that the recycling is realized. The related parameters are transmitted to the upper computer module through the Ethernet switch, and the PLC main control module controls the operation of the nitrogen recovery module in a communication mode through the upper computer module, such as opening and closing. The nitrogen recovery module is provided with a separate PLC module and is independently maintained.
The liquid hydrogen receiving and automatic transferring module comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank and an automatic transferring module, wherein the liquid hydrogen storage tank is directly connected with a cold box, liquid hydrogen produced by the cold box enters the liquid hydrogen storage tank to realize automatic filling, the liquid hydrogen receiving and automatic transferring module is connected with a PLC main control module through an exchanger, the liquid hydrogen receiving and automatic transferring module transmits the pressure and liquid level information of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to an upper computer module, and the PLC main control module controls the operation of the liquid hydrogen receiving and automatic transferring module in a communication mode through the upper computer module. The liquid hydrogen receiving and automatic transferring module is provided with a separate PLC module and is independently maintained.
The upper computer module is connected with the PLC main control module and other sub-PLCs through the Ethernet, so that collection of control points and output of control signals are realized.
The cold box is used as core equipment, all monitoring point position data (temperature, pressure, flow speed and the like) are transmitted to the PLC main control module through the AI module, and meanwhile, the PLC main control module controls various valve switches and the like in real time through the AO module and the DO module.
The oil removal module is used as a rear stage of the helium press module and is mainly used for removing impurities such as oxygen, nitrogen and water in high-pressure helium, so that the gas entering the cold box is pure high-pressure helium, and parameters such as temperature, pressure and the like contained in the pure high-pressure helium are directly transmitted into the PLC main control module through the AI module;
The gas management module is used as the rear stage of the oil removal module, high-pressure helium entering the cold box and low-pressure helium flowing back into the inlet of the helium compressor module are ensured to be dynamically stable mainly through automatic adjustment, parameters such as temperature and pressure contained in the gas management module are directly transmitted into the PLC main control module through the AI module, the PLC main control module directly controls the adjusting valve to dynamically control the high-pressure helium entering and exiting the cold box through the AO module, the high-pressure helium and the low-pressure helium entering the cold box are ensured to be maintained in a constant pressure range, and stable supply of a hydrogen liquefied refrigeration helium source to the cold box is ensured.
The chiller module is used for cooling a heat exchanger of the cold box, a mechanical pump of a molecular pump in the vacuum module, a nitrogen press in the nitrogen recovery module and a helium press in the helium press module, so that faults are avoided, and an operation state signal and a fault signal are transmitted to the PLC main control module through the DI module.
The gas distribution module is used for providing an instrument gas source for the cold box, the gas management module, the liquid hydrogen receiving and transferring module, the vacuum module, the nitrogen recovery module, the impurity analysis module and the oil removal module, and further conveying nitrogen for purging provided for the cold box by the nitrogen and liquid nitrogen supply module, and the pressure point position is directly transmitted to the PLC main control module through the AI module.
The nitrogen and liquid nitrogen supply module is used for supplying liquid nitrogen to be precooled for the cold box, supplying liquid nitrogen for the cold trap module and supplying pure nitrogen for the gas distribution module, and parameters such as pressure, liquid level and the like are transmitted to the PLC main control module through the AI module.
The cold trap module is connected with the gas management module, impurities such as oxygen, nitrogen and the like in the high-low pressure helium circulation are removed, and parameters such as liquid level, pressure, temperature and the like are directly transmitted to the PLC main control module through the AI module.
In summary, the above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The hydrogen liquefaction system is characterized by comprising a PLC main control module, a vacuum module, an impurity analysis module, a helium press module, an upper computer module, a cold box, an oil removal module, a gas management module, a cold water unit module, a gas distribution module, a nitrogen and liquid nitrogen supply module and a cold trap module;
The method comprises the steps that a vacuum module, an impurity analysis module, a helium press module, a cold box, an oil removal module, a gas management module, a water chilling unit module, a gas distribution module, a nitrogen and liquid nitrogen supply module and a module with IO point positions less than a set threshold value in a cold trap module are connected with a PLC main control module through signal lines; connecting modules with the number of IO points larger than a set threshold value with a PLC main control module through a switch, wherein the PLC main control module controls the operation of the modules in a communication mode through an upper computer module;
the vacuum module is used for vacuumizing the cold box; the impurity analysis module is used for analyzing the purity of helium and hydrogen in the cold box; the nitrogen and liquid nitrogen supply module is used for providing liquid nitrogen required to be precooled for the cold box and liquid nitrogen required by the cold trap module and providing nitrogen required by the cold box for purging; the nitrogen for purging is conveyed by a gas distribution module; the cold trap module is connected with the gas management module and is used for circularly removing oxygen and nitrogen impurities in helium; the water chilling unit module is used for cooling the cold box, the vacuum module and the helium press module;
The normal-temperature low-pressure helium enters a helium compressor module and is compressed into normal-temperature high-pressure helium, and the normal-temperature high-pressure helium is delivered into a cold box after impurities are removed by an oil removal module through pressure stabilization of a gas management module; the normal temperature and high pressure helium gas is expanded and cooled in a cold box to be low temperature and normal pressure helium gas after being precooled by liquid nitrogen, and then is subjected to heat exchange with hydrogen to be changed into normal temperature and low pressure helium gas, and the normal temperature and low pressure helium gas enters a gas management module again to flow back to a helium press module for the next circulation; the hydrogen gas is liquefied into liquid hydrogen.
2. The hydrogen liquefaction system of claim 1, wherein the modules with the number of IO points less than the set threshold are a cold box, an oil removal module, a gas management module, a chiller module, a gas distribution module, a nitrogen and liquid nitrogen supply module, a cold trap module; the modules with the number of IO points larger than the set threshold are a vacuum module, an impurity analysis module and a helium press module.
3. The hydrogen liquefaction system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the set threshold is between 8 and 10.
4. The hydrogen liquefaction system of claim 1, further comprising a nitrogen recovery module, wherein the nitrogen recovery module is configured to recover nitrogen formed after cooling helium and hydrogen with liquid nitrogen, and is connected to the PLC master control module through a switch, and the PLC master control module controls the operation of the nitrogen recovery module in a communication manner through the upper computer module.
5. The hydrogen liquefaction system of claim 1, further comprising a liquid hydrogen receiving and automatic transferring module, wherein the liquid hydrogen receiving and automatic transferring module is used for receiving produced liquid hydrogen and automatically filling the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the liquid hydrogen receiving and automatic transferring module is connected with the PLC main control module through a switch, the liquid hydrogen receiving and automatic transferring module transmits pressure and liquid level information of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the upper computer module, and the PLC main control module controls the operation of the liquid hydrogen receiving and automatic transferring module in a communication mode through the upper computer module.
6. The hydrogen liquefaction system of claim 4, wherein the vacuum module, impurity analysis module, helium press module, nitrogen recovery module have respective split PLC modules for independent maintenance.
7. The hydrogen liquefaction system of claim 5, wherein the vacuum module, impurity analysis module, helium press module, liquid hydrogen receiving and automatic transfer module have respective split PLC modules for independent maintenance.
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