CN113126121B - Middle and high-rise atmospheric wind field measuring device - Google Patents
Middle and high-rise atmospheric wind field measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113126121B CN113126121B CN202110284959.2A CN202110284959A CN113126121B CN 113126121 B CN113126121 B CN 113126121B CN 202110284959 A CN202110284959 A CN 202110284959A CN 113126121 B CN113126121 B CN 113126121B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4817—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements relating to scanning
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of middle and high atmospheric wind field measurement, in particular to a middle and high atmospheric wind field measurement device, which comprises: the device comprises a cuboid box body, a scanning assembly fixed at the top end of the box body, and a filtering assembly, a calibration assembly, a front optical assembly, an interference assembly, an imaging optical assembly and a detector assembly which are arranged in the cuboid box body; the wind field measuring module is arranged on the upper computer; the middle and high-rise measuring device provided by the invention adopts a combination mode of reducing out-of-band wavelength transmittance, increasing light transmission caliber and increasing a front-mounted optical assembly, so that the signal-to-noise ratio and the stray light anti-interference capability of the instrument are improved, and the effective observation time is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of middle and high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement, in particular to a middle and high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement device.
Background
The middle and high atmospheric wind field detection technology is a technology for measuring the middle and high atmospheric wind field by using the Doppler frequency shift principle. The wind field information of the middle and high-rise atmosphere is one of the important parameters of meteorological observation like the parameters of temperature, air pressure and the like. The middle and high-rise refers to the range of height from 90km to 300km from the ground. Wind field detection means in this range are limited. One of the common means is lidar, but its measurement height can only cover 90km-110 km. The Fabry-Perot anemometry technology selects different working wave bands by measuring the airglow of the middle and upper atmosphere, each wave band can cover a section of height area, and finally the coverage range of the height of 90km-300km can be realized.
In actual work, the traditional Fabry-Perot anemometry technology is limited by the change of the radiation intensity of a target body, the signal-to-noise ratio is reduced before and after midnight, and the signal-to-noise ratio is easily interfered by urban lamplight, so that a middle and high-rise atmospheric wind field measuring device with stable and reliable detection is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of short effective observation time caused by low signal-to-noise ratio and poor urban stray light anti-interference capability in the middle and high-rise atmospheric wind field detection, and designs a middle and high-rise atmospheric wind field measuring device with stable and reliable detection by adopting a mode of combining a high out-of-band rejection ratio optical filter, a large light-transmitting aperture and a front optical assembly.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a middle and high-rise atmospheric wind field measuring device, which comprises: the device comprises a cuboid box body, a scanning assembly fixed at the top end of the box body, and a filtering assembly, a calibration assembly, a front optical assembly, an interference assembly, an imaging optical assembly and a detector assembly which are arranged in the cuboid box body; the wind field measuring module is arranged on the upper computer;
the scanning assembly is used for determining a detection field of view through two-dimensional scanning and reflecting light in the field of view into the box body;
the filtering component is used for screening light with different working wave bands; the filtering component comprises three filters;
the calibration component is used for enabling the light screened by the filtering component to maintain stable wavelength;
the front optical assembly is used for expanding the light beam into multiple light beams; wherein, the prepositive optical component is of a Kepler telescope structure and is internally provided with a field diaphragm;
the interference assembly is used for interfering the multiple light beams;
the imaging optical assembly is used for imaging the multiple beams interfered by the interference assembly to the detector assembly;
the detector assembly is used for receiving signals of the imaging optical assembly, forming an interference ring and transmitting data to the wind field measuring module;
the wind field measurement module is used for extracting Doppler frequency shift from the imaging interference ring, acquiring Doppler velocity in a sight line direction, and geometrically synthesizing the Doppler velocity in multiple directions to acquire the direction and the size of a three-dimensional wind field.
As one of the improvement of the technical scheme, the device also comprises a mounting rack used for fixing the cuboid box body.
As one of the improvements of the above technical solution, the scanning assembly includes a scanning stepping motor, a large synchronous pulley, a small synchronous pulley, a belt, a mirror frame, a bearing bracket, an opto-coupler switch and a scanning frame;
the scanning frame is used for fixing the reflector frame, and the reflector is fixed on the reflector frame; the scanning frame is provided with a bearing and a bearing support, the bearing support is used for fixing the bearing, a large synchronous belt wheel, a small synchronous belt wheel and a belt are respectively arranged below the scanning frame, and the large synchronous belt wheel and the small synchronous belt wheel are connected by the belt;
and the optical coupling switch is used for positioning the device and judging whether the pointing direction is correct or not according to the signal response of the optical coupling switch.
The scanning assembly is used for two-dimensional scanning, the scanning range in the pitching direction is 360 degrees, and the scanning range in the azimuth direction is 90 degrees;
the scanning assembly adopts a synchronous belt transmission mode, the tooth form is XL, and the transmission ratio is more than or equal to 6.
As one of the improvements of the technical scheme, the filtering component further comprises a filter wheel, a filter stepping motor, a Hall switch, a magnet and a mounting bracket;
the filter wheel is used for mounting the optical filter and is connected with the optical filter stepping motor;
the Hall switch is arranged on the mounting bracket, the magnet is arranged on the filter wheel, and the coupling position of the Hall switch and the magnet is an initial position;
the optical filter stepping motor is used for outputting a fixed stepping number to switch the position of the optical filter;
the central wavelengths of the three optical filters are 557.7nm, 630nm and 892nm optical filters respectively, and the OD values of the out-of-band cut-off of the optical filters are more than 6; the bandwidth is 2.5 nm.
As one improvement of the above technical solution, the calibration component includes a frequency stabilized laser and a scattering box;
the frequency stabilized laser is used for emitting laser;
the scattering box is used for scattering laser to form a uniform surface light source;
the scattering box is of a box body structure, the inner wall of the scattering box is made of white polytetrafluoroethylene materials, and the window is made of ground glass.
As one improvement of the technical scheme, the beam expansion ratio in the front optical assembly is 1.8; the total length of the front optical assembly is 1 m;
the front optical assembly is sequentially provided with an ocular lens, a field lens and an objective lens;
the eyepiece is used for imaging a target body on the field diaphragm;
the field lens is used for matching the aperture of the optical filter and the aperture of the etalon;
the objective lens is used for collimating the light at the field stop and then enabling the light to be incident to the interference component in parallel.
As one improvement of the technical scheme, the interference assembly is a multi-beam interference assembly, a Fabry-Perot etalon is used as an interference component, and the aperture of the light transmission is 100 mm.
As one improvement of the above technical solution, the imaging optical assembly is an image-side telecentric lens, and the image-side telecentric lens includes three lenses and a focusing mechanism;
the lens is used for imaging on the detector assembly;
the focusing mechanism is a one-dimensional lead screw moving platform and is used for moving the last lens to change the focal plane positions of different wave bands.
As one improvement of the technical scheme, the detector assembly comprises a camera, a mounting flange, an adjusting spacing block, a detector mounting bracket and a base, wherein the camera adopts a back-illuminated refrigeration type camera;
the detector assembly is mounted in a front end mode; the camera 29 is mounted to the detector mounting bracket 30 with a mounting flange 31,
the adjusting spacer block 32 is arranged between the detector mounting bracket 30 and the mounting flange 31; two-dimensional adjustment dimensions are added for pitch and yaw adjustment of the camera.
As one of the improvements of the above technical solution, the wind field measurement module specifically includes:
by measuring the change of the radius of the interference ring, the wind speed can be inverted, and the relationship between the wind speed v and the interference ring is as follows:
wherein c is the speed of light; a isλThe radius of the interference ring at 0 wind speed; a isλ+ΔλThe radius of the interference ring in the viewing direction; f is the focal length; the zero wind speed is obtained by calibration.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention adopts the filtering component, changes the working wave band by switching the filtering wheel, and expands the height of wind field measurement.
2) The invention is provided with a preposed optical component which adopts a Keplerian telescope structure and is internally provided with a field diaphragm. The angle of entry into the optical system can be limited by a field stop. The length of the front optical assembly is large, stray light reflection times are increased, the more the reflection times are, the greater the energy attenuation is, and further the influence on interference fringes is smaller; the imaging optical component is 3 pieces of two groups of lenses; the imaging definition of different wavelengths can be changed by the last group through a focusing mechanism; the mounting mode of the detector assembly is front-end mounting; the two-dimensional adjustment dimension is increased, pitching and torsional pendulum adjustment can be performed on detection, and the phenomenon of asymmetric interference fringes caused by inclination is avoided.
3) The middle and high-rise measuring device provided by the invention adopts a combination mode of reducing out-of-band wavelength transmittance, increasing light transmission caliber and increasing a front-mounted optical assembly, so that the signal-to-noise ratio and the stray light anti-interference capability of the instrument are improved, and the effective observation time is prolonged.
4) The invention adopts the optical filter with the OD value of the out-of-band cut-off larger than 6, the large-caliber Fabry-Perot etalon and the Kepler type front optical component, so that the instrument can obtain the interference pattern with high signal-to-noise ratio and invert reliable wind field data. In addition, the stray light suppression level with high quality can resist the interference of urban stray light, and the application range of the instrument arrangement is enlarged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general assembly drawing of a high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an inside view of a high-rise atmospheric wind field measuring device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a scanning assembly of the high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view A-A of the scanning assembly of the high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement device of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a light path diagram of the front optical assembly of the high-rise atmospheric wind field measuring device according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a light path diagram of an imaging optical assembly of the high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement device of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an external view of a mobile platform of an imaging optical assembly of the high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement device according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a front view of a probe assembly of the high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement device of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a side view of a probe assembly of the high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is an angular view of a probe assembly of the high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement device of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is an external view of a filter assembly of the high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a side view of a filter assembly of the high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is an external view of a scattering box of the high-rise atmospheric wind field measuring device according to the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view A-A of a scattering box of the high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement device of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is an interference pattern of the high-rise atmospheric wind field measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of an interferogram of a high-rise atmospheric wind field measuring device of the present invention;
reference numerals:
1. scanning component, 2, front optical component, 3, interference component, 4, imaging optical component, 5, detector component, 6, calibration component, 7, filter component, 8, mounting rack, 9, scanning stepping motor, 10, large synchronous belt wheel, 11, small synchronous belt wheel, 12, belt, 13, reflector, 14, reflector frame, 15, bearing, 16, bearing support, 17, optical coupling switch, 18, scanning frame, 19, eyepiece, 20, field lens, 21, objective lens, 22, lens barrel, 23, field diaphragm, 24, etalon, 25, double cemented lens, 26, focusing lens, 27, focusing mechanism, 28, VGA data interface, 29, camera, 30, detection component mounting support, 31, mounting flange, 32, adjusting spacing block, 33, base, 34, optical filter, 35, optical filter wheel, 36, stepping motor, 37, hall switch, 38. magnet 39, filter wheel mounting bracket 40, frequency stabilized laser 41, scattering box 42, ground glass 43, mounting top plate 44, mounting side plate 45 and section bar.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples and figures.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides a middle and high-rise atmospheric wind field measuring apparatus, including: scanning assembly 1, front optical assembly 2, interference assembly 3, imaging optical assembly 4, detector assembly 5, targeting assembly 6, filter assembly 7, and mounting bracket 8. The scanning component 1 is used for pointing to a specific direction, and can realize two-dimensional scanning; the front optical assembly 2 is used for expanding beams and belongs to a Kepler type; the interference assembly 3 is used for realizing multi-beam interference and belongs to a Fabry-Perot structure; the imaging optical assembly 4 is used for imaging the coherent light beam to a detector to form an interference ring; the detector assembly 5 is used to receive signals and transmit data. The scaling component 6 is used for providing a surface light source with stable wavelength; the filtering component 7 comprises three filters for screening working wave bands; the mounting frame 8 is used for fixing the above components and elements.
As shown in fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the scanning assembly 1 can perform two-dimensional scanning, wherein the scanning range in the pitch direction is 360 °, and the scanning range in the range direction is 90 °. In the work, through two-dimensional control, the wind field is firstly tilted by 45 degrees in a pitching mode, then the wind field points to four directions of east, west, south and north respectively, the Doppler velocity of the sight line direction is respectively obtained through each direction, and then the three-dimensional wind field direction and size information are obtained through geometric synthesis.
According to the Doppler frequency shift theory, the frequency change has a certain relation with the moving speed of an object, and the radius of the interference ring is related to the frequency, so that the wind speed can be inverted by measuring the change of the radius of the interference ring, and the relation between the wind speed and the interference ring is as follows:
wherein c is the speed of light; v is the wind speed in the observation direction; a is the radius of the interference ring at the wind speed of 0; a isλ+ΔλThe radius of the interference ring in the viewing direction; f is the focal length; the zero wind speed is obtained by calibration.
The scanning component comprises a scanning stepping motor 9, a large synchronous belt wheel 10, a small synchronous belt wheel 11, a belt 12, a reflecting mirror 13, a reflecting mirror frame 14, a bearing 15, a bearing bracket 16, an optical coupling switch 17 and a scanning frame 18. The scanning stepping motor 9 is a commercial motor with a stepping angle of 1.8 degrees or 0.9 degrees, and the stepping angle is reduced through subdivision and gear zooming. The motor output torque should be greater than 0.5 Nm. If the output torque is too small, step-out will occur. The large synchronous pulley 10 and the small synchronous pulley 11 are both made of customized products. The tooth type is XL type, and the transmission ratio, namely the diameter ratio of the large synchronous belt wheel to the small synchronous belt wheel is more than or equal to 6. The reflector 13 is made of conventional optical K9 glass, has a surface roughness less than 1 micron, and is plated with a metallic aluminum reflective film. The reflector 13 is installed on the reflector frame 14, and the reflector frame 14 is an aluminum alloy assembly welding L-shaped structure. The bearing 15 and the bearing bracket 16 are fixed on the right-angle end surface of the L-shaped reflector frame.
The scanning component 1 adopts the optical coupling switch 17 as a positioning device, and judges whether the pointing direction is correct or not according to the signal response of the optical coupling switch. The control mode of the scanning component 1 is open-loop control, the initial position is determined by the optical coupling switch 17, and the target position is realized by setting the step number of the scanning stepper motor 9.
As shown in fig. 3 and fig. 5 to 6, the front optical assembly 2 is a keplerian telescope structure for beam expansion with a beam expansion ratio of 1.8. The front optical assembly 2 includes an eyepiece 19, a field lens 20, an objective lens 21, and a lens barrel 22. The eyepiece 19, the field lens 20, and the objective lens 21 are mounted in a lens barrel 22. The eyepiece 19 images the object to a field stop 23. The field lens 20 is used to match the filter aperture to the etalon 24 aperture. The field diaphragm 23 is located in the lens barrel 22, and can effectively suppress stray light outside the field range, especially scattered sky stray light generated by city light. The objective lens 21 collimates the light at the field stop 23 and then makes a parallel incidence to the interference assembly 3. The total length of the front optical component 2 is about 1m, and stray light is scattered and absorbed for multiple times through the lens barrel wall, so that the energy entering the interference component is reduced. The lens barrel 22 is mounted to the mount panel.
As shown in fig. 3, the interference unit 3 is a multi-beam interference unit, and a fabry-perot etalon is used as an interference unit, which is manufactured by IC optics of england, and the etalon 24 has a fixed pitch of 15mm and a clear aperture of 100 mm.
As shown in fig. 7, the imaging optical assembly 4 is an image-side telecentric lens, and includes a double cemented lens 25, a focusing lens 26, and a focusing mechanism 27. The double cemented lens 25 is formed by bonding and combining the first two lenses, and the last focusing lens 26 can play a focusing role, so that the images of different wave bands can be clearly formed on the detector.
As shown in fig. 8, the focusing mechanism 27 is a one-dimensional lead screw moving platform, and the working distance is changed by moving the last lens. The focusing mechanism uses a commercial one-dimensional moving platform, and provides power and controls the output stepping number of the motor through a VGA data interface 28.
As shown in fig. 9-13, the detector assembly 5 includes a camera 29, a detector mounting bracket 30, a mounting flange 31, an adjustment spacer 32, and a base 33. The camera 29 adopts a back-illuminated refrigeration type CCD camera of Prinston company in the United states, the pixel size is 1024x1024, and the pixel size is 13 mu m. The back-illuminated refrigeration type CCD camera can realize dark noise less than 0.02e/pixel/s, and ensures higher signal-to-noise ratio; the mounting mode of the detector assembly is front-end mounting; the camera 29 is mounted on the detector mounting bracket 30 through the mounting flange 31, the adjusting spacing block 32 is arranged between the detector mounting bracket 30 and the mounting flange 31, the two-dimensional adjusting dimension is increased by arranging the adjusting spacing block 32, pitching and torsional pendulum adjustment can be carried out on detection, and the phenomenon of asymmetric interference fringes caused by inclination is avoided.
As shown in fig. 14, the filter assembly 7 includes three filters 34, a filter wheel 35, a filter stepping motor 36, a hall switch 37, a magnet 38, and a filter wheel mounting bracket 39. The central wavelengths of the three optical filters 34 are 557.7nm (the height is 97km +/-5 km), 630nm (the height is 250km +/-70 km) and 892nm (the height is 87km +/-5 km), the bandwidth is 2.5nm, the OD value of the out-of-band cut-off is more than 6, and namely the transmittance of the out-of-band light is less than 10 < -6 >. When the OD value of the out-of-band cut-off is less than 6, the interference of urban stray light and moonlight is increased, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the instrument is reduced. The filter 34 wheel is used for mounting the filter and is connected with the motor. The stepper motor 36 of the optical filter assembly is identical to the stepper motor 9 of the scanning assembly 1. The hall switch 37 is mounted to the filter wheel mounting bracket and the magnet 39 is mounted to the filter wheel 35. The position at which the hall switch 37 is coupled to the magnet 39 is an initial position, and the position of the optical filter 34 is switched by outputting a fixed number of steps by the stepping motor.
As shown in fig. 2 and 15, the calibration assembly 6 includes a frequency stabilized laser 40 and a scattering box 41. The frequency stabilized laser 40 is a helium-neon laser manufactured by THORLAB company in America, the working wavelength is 632.8nm, and the frequency drift is less than 1 MHz. The scattering box 41 is a box structure, the inner wall is made of white polytetrafluoroethylene material, and the window is made of ground glass 42. Laser enters from a small hole on the side surface of the scattering box and is scattered for multiple times inside to form a surface light source with uniform all-directional radiation brightness.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the mounting frame 8 includes a mounting top plate 43, a mounting side plate 44, and a profile 45. The mounting bracket is assembled by splicing. The mounting top plate is used for mounting the scanning mechanism, and the mounting side plates are used for mounting the front optical assembly, the interference assembly and the camera assembly. The section bar adopts commercial aluminum alloy section bar, and the advantage is the equipment convenience.
Method for calculating signal-to-noise ratio of the invention
The cylindrical radiance I of the airglow and the aurora is expressed as the number of photons radiated per unit area of the cylinder per unit time, and the unit is R (rayleigh).
1R＝10^6photons/cm2/column/s
The relationship between the brightness L of the airglow aurora and the column radiance is as follows:
L＝I*10^6/4π
wherein I is Rayleigh, L is photons/cm2/sr/s
The intensity formula of the transmission interference fringe of the F-P interferometer is as follows:
I0the incident light intensity is rho, the light intensity reflection coefficient is, the absorption ratio is alpha, and the phase difference is caused by the optical path difference.
As can be seen from the intensity of the interference fringes, the maximum value of the interference fringes is the intensity of the incident light intensity. Therefore, the signal-to-noise ratio of the F-P interferometer can be calculated, and only the signal-to-noise ratio of the maximum signal can be calculated, which is equivalent to the signal-to-noise ratio of a common imaging system. The number S of signal electrons generated after the atmospheric backscattered radiation reaches the CCD detector is
S＝LλAOΩτOQeΔt
Wherein L isλIs the spectral radiance of the earth's atmospheric backscatter,
ao is the effective clear area of the optical system,
omega is the instantaneous field of view solid angle of the instrument,
τ o is the efficiency of the optical system,
qe is the quantum efficiency of the CCD detector,
and delta t is the exposure time of the CCD detector.
Ω＝2π(1-cosθ)
Where θ is the half field angle.
The output noise N of the detector can be written as
Wherein N isSFor detecting shot noise caused by fluctuation of signal, there are
NDNConverting noise for data AD; n is a radical ofDThe detection signal is a dark count, and the magnitude of the detection signal changes along with the temperature; about every 15 deg. change in temperature, NDVaries by one order of magnitude by
ND＝1.14×106·ND(273)·T3exp(-9080/T)
| 1 | |
| Column radiance I/ |
10 |
| Luminance L/photons/cm2/sr/s | 7.9e+05 |
| Diameter/mm of imaging objective entrance pupil | 100 |
| Focal length/mm of imaging objective lens | 280 |
| Single pixel subtended solid angle/° | 1.693e-09 |
| Transmittance of optical filter | 0.4 |
| System transmittance τ o | 0.89 |
| Detector quantum efficiency Qe | 0.8 |
| Etalon diameter/mm | 100 |
| FP Cavity film reflectivity | 0.85 |
| FP Cavity transmittance | 0.081 |
| Integration time Deltat/s | 300 |
| Number of electrons generated per pixel/e | 9 |
| Dark current noise/e/pixel/s | 0.01 |
| Read noise/e/ |
6 |
| CCD Total noise/e | 6.6 |
| Single pixel signal-to-noise ratio SNR | 1.3 |
| 1 stage loop integralSignal to |
18 |
As shown in fig. 16 and 17, it can be seen that the interferometer of the present invention can obtain high snr interferograms, clear interference fringes and high contrast.
Conventional technical knowledge in the art can be used for the details which are not described in the present invention.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A middle and high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement device, characterized in that the device comprises: the device comprises a cuboid box body, a scanning assembly fixed at the top end of the box body, and a filtering assembly, a calibration assembly, a front optical assembly, an interference assembly, an imaging optical assembly and a detector assembly which are arranged in the cuboid box body; the wind field measuring module is arranged on the upper computer;
the scanning assembly is used for determining a detection field of view through two-dimensional scanning and reflecting light in the field of view into the box body;
the filtering component is used for screening light with different working wave bands; the filtering component comprises three filters; the OD value of the out-of-band cut-off of the optical filter is more than 6;
the calibration component is used for enabling the light screened by the filtering component to maintain stable wavelength;
the front optical assembly is used for expanding the light beam into multiple light beams; wherein, the prepositive optical component is of a Kepler telescope structure and is internally provided with a field diaphragm; the front optical assembly is sequentially provided with an ocular lens, a field lens and an objective lens; the eyepiece is used for imaging a target body on the field diaphragm; the field lens is used for matching the aperture of the optical filter and the aperture of the etalon; the objective lens is used for collimating the light at the field diaphragm and then parallelly incident to the interference assembly;
the interference assembly is used for interfering the multiple light beams;
the imaging optical assembly is used for imaging the multiple beams interfered by the interference assembly to the detector assembly;
the detector assembly is used for receiving signals of the imaging optical assembly, forming an interference ring and transmitting data to the wind field measuring module; the detector assembly is mounted in a front end mode;
the wind field measurement module is used for extracting Doppler frequency shift from the imaging interference ring, acquiring Doppler velocity in a sight line direction, and geometrically synthesizing the Doppler velocity in multiple directions to acquire the direction and the size of a three-dimensional wind field.
2. The medium and high atmospheric wind field measuring device of claim 1, further comprising a mounting bracket for securing a rectangular parallelepiped box.
3. The medium and high atmosphere wind field measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the scanning assembly comprises a scanning stepping motor, a large synchronous pulley, a small synchronous pulley, a belt, a reflector frame, a bearing support, an optocoupler switch and a scanning frame;
the scanning frame is used for fixing the reflector frame, and the reflector is fixed on the reflector frame; the scanning frame is provided with a bearing and a bearing support, the bearing support is used for fixing the bearing, a large synchronous belt wheel, a small synchronous belt wheel and a belt are respectively arranged below the scanning frame, and the large synchronous belt wheel and the small synchronous belt wheel are connected by the belt;
the optical coupling switch is used for positioning the device and judging whether the pointing direction is correct or not according to the signal response of the optical coupling switch;
the scanning assembly is used for two-dimensional scanning, the scanning range in the pitching direction is 360 degrees, and the scanning range in the azimuth direction is 90 degrees;
the scanning assembly adopts a synchronous belt transmission mode, the tooth form is XL, and the transmission ratio is more than or equal to 6.
4. The medium and high atmospheric wind field measuring device of claim 1, wherein the filter assembly further comprises a filter wheel, a filter stepper motor, a hall switch, a magnet, and a mounting bracket;
the filter wheel is used for mounting the optical filter and is connected with the optical filter stepping motor;
the Hall switch is arranged on the mounting bracket, the magnet is arranged on the filter wheel, and the coupling position of the Hall switch and the magnet is an initial position;
the optical filter stepping motor is used for outputting a fixed stepping number to switch the position of the optical filter;
the central wavelengths of the three optical filters are 557.7nm, 630nm and 892nm optical filters respectively, and the bandwidth is 2.5 nm.
5. The medium-high atmospheric wind field measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the calibration assembly comprises a frequency stabilized laser and a scattering box;
the frequency stabilized laser is used for emitting laser;
the scattering box is used for scattering laser to form a uniform surface light source;
the scattering box is of a box body structure, the inner wall of the scattering box is made of white polytetrafluoroethylene materials, and the window is made of ground glass.
6. The medium-high atmospheric wind field measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the etendue in the front optical assembly is 1.8; the front optical assembly has a total length of 1 m.
7. The medium and high atmospheric wind field measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the interference component is a multi-beam interference component, a Fabry-Perot etalon is used as an interference component, and the aperture of a light transmission path is 100 mm.
8. The medium and high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the imaging optical assembly is an image-side telecentric lens comprising three lenses and a focusing mechanism;
the lens is used for imaging on the detector assembly;
the focusing mechanism is a one-dimensional lead screw moving platform and is used for moving the last lens to change the focal plane positions of different wave bands.
9. The medium and high atmosphere wind field measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the detector assembly comprises a camera, a mounting flange, an adjusting spacer block, a detector mounting bracket and a base, and the camera adopts a back-illuminated refrigeration type camera;
the camera 29 is mounted to the detector mounting bracket 30 with a mounting flange 31,
the adjusting spacer block 32 is arranged between the detector mounting bracket 30 and the mounting flange 31; two-dimensional adjustment dimensions are added for pitch and yaw adjustment of the camera.
10. The middle and high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the wind field measurement module is specifically:
by measuring the change of the radius of the interference ring, the wind speed can be inverted, and the relationship between the wind speed v and the interference ring is as follows:
wherein c is the speed of light; a isλThe radius of the interference ring at 0 wind speed; a isλ+ΔλThe radius of the interference ring in the viewing direction; f is the focal length; the zero wind speed is obtained by calibration.
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| CN103852809B (en) * | 2014-03-11 | 2016-03-02 | 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 | A kind of ground F-P surveys air-dry interferometer |
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| CN209387678U (en) * | 2019-01-02 | 2019-09-13 | 武汉辰云科技有限公司 | A kind of optical coupling type wind transducer |
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