CN113117207A - Method for manufacturing oxygen mask - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing oxygen mask Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113117207A CN113117207A CN202110245868.8A CN202110245868A CN113117207A CN 113117207 A CN113117207 A CN 113117207A CN 202110245868 A CN202110245868 A CN 202110245868A CN 113117207 A CN113117207 A CN 113117207A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- breathing
- goggles
- manufacturing
- mask body
- printing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/02—Goggles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/02—Goggles
- A61F2009/021—Goggles with prescription spectacle lenses
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing an oxygen mask, which comprises the following steps: modeling, namely scanning and modeling the mask body and the breathing joint by using a scanner; manufacturing a mask body, 3D printing the mask body by adopting a TPU flexible material according to modeling, reserving an observation port and a breathing port on the mask body, communicating the inner side and the outer side of the mask body through the breathing port, printing an insert block on the breathing port in 3D printing, and printing a mounting groove on the observation port; manufacturing a breathing joint, 3D printing the breathing joint by adopting an ABS engineering material according to modeling, reserving a vent hole for communicating oxygen supply equipment in the breathing joint, and printing a slot on the breathing joint in 3D printing; manufacturing goggles, and carrying out injection molding on the goggles in a mold; the equipment, with the inserted block on the slot connection face guard body on the breathing joint, make air vent and breathing mouth intercommunication, inlay the mounting groove of establishing on the viewing aperture with the goggles in.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mask manufacturing methods, in particular to a manufacturing method of an oxygen mask.
Background
The oxygen mask of the simulator is training equipment which needs to be worn by a pilot when training.
The existing oxygen mask of the simulator is manufactured by 3D printing of a silicon rubber material with relatively high hardness, and the hard oxygen mask of the simulator is easy to press the face of a user and low in comfort level; in addition, the goggles part of current analog machine oxygen mask adopts 3D to print, even through polishing in the later stage, the goggles also has remaining layering line, and the goggles produces optical deformation easily, produces dizzy sense easily when wearing, and is inconvenient.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a manufacturing method of an oxygen mask, wherein the oxygen mask adopts TPU flexible material to manufacture a mask body so as to reduce the oppression of the mask body on the face of a user.
A method of making an oxygen mask in accordance with an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention includes the steps of:
modeling, namely scanning and modeling the mask body and the breathing joint by using a scanner;
manufacturing a mask body, 3D printing the mask body by adopting a TPU flexible material according to modeling, reserving an observation port and a breathing port on the mask body, communicating the inner side and the outer side of the mask body through the breathing port, printing an insert block on the breathing port in 3D printing, and printing a mounting groove on the observation port;
manufacturing a breathing joint, 3D printing the breathing joint by adopting an ABS engineering material according to modeling, reserving a vent hole for communicating oxygen supply equipment in the breathing joint, and printing a slot on the breathing joint in 3D printing;
manufacturing goggles, and carrying out injection molding on the goggles in a mold;
the equipment, with the inserted block on the slot connection face guard body on the breathing joint, make air vent and breathing mouth intercommunication, inlay the mounting groove of establishing on the viewing aperture with the goggles in.
The manufacturing method of the oxygen mask provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: adopt TPU material to come 3D to print the face guard body makes face guard body soft texture when the user wears, can reduce the oppression of face guard body to user face, and breathing connects and adopts ABS engineering material to come 3D to print, breathing connects the intensity height, long service life, and 3D prints moreover breathing connects and can change at any time, in addition, breathing connect with the face guard body is passed through the inserted block with the slot is connected, breathing connect with the face guard body can dismantle the change, the goggles is inlayed and is established in the mounting groove, the edge of goggles can not leak out, the edge of goggles can not cause the scratch to other article.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the step of manufacturing the mask body, a first mounting hole is further reserved in the mask body, in the step of manufacturing the breathing joint, a second mounting hole is reserved in the breathing joint, when the breathing joint is connected to the mask body, axes of the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole are overlapped, the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole are used for passing a fastening screw, the fastening screw is used for fixing the breathing joint to the mask body, and the fastening screw is arranged to fasten the mask body and the breathing joint, so that the mask body and the breathing joint are not easily separated.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in the step of manufacturing the breathing joint, the breathing joint is provided with an external connecting end, the vent hole passes through the external connecting end, and the axis of the vent hole extends vertically, so that the trachea connected to the vent hole does not protrude too much, namely the trachea connected to the vent hole does not interfere with the sight line, and the use is convenient.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in the step of manufacturing the mask body, the mounting groove is arranged on the inner wall of the viewing port, the edge of the goggles is embedded in the viewing port, the edge of the goggles is connected with the mask body through a rivet, and the goggles and the mask body are connected through the rivet, so that the goggles are prevented from being separated from the mask body and affecting use.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the rivet is provided with a plurality of rivets, and the plurality of rivets are fixed more stably.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the plurality of rivets are uniformly arranged along the edge of the goggles, so that the force is uniform, and the goggles are not easy to tilt.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in the step of manufacturing the mask body, the viewing port is 8-shaped, the shape of the viewing port matches the shape of the goggles, and the 8-shaped viewing port can save materials of the goggles.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the step of manufacturing goggles, the goggles are provided with a light-transmitting curved surface, the light-transmitting curved surface can reduce visual fatigue of a user, and the goggles provided with the light-transmitting curved surface can improve the vision of the user compared to a planar goggle.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in the step of making goggles, the goggles are made of a transparent material that is transparent to light for making the goggles.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the transparent material is glass or plastic, and the material is cheap, low-cost and easily available.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of an oxygen mask according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a first schematic view of the oxygen mask shown in FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a second schematic structural view of the oxygen mask shown in fig. 1.
The mask comprises a mask body 100, a viewing port 110, a breathing port 120, an insertion block 130, a first mounting hole 140, a mounting groove 150 and a rubber sleeve 160;
the breathing joint 200, the vent hole 210, the slot 220 and the second mounting hole 230;
fastening screws 300, goggles 400, rivets 410, and light-transmitting curved surfaces 420.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship referred to in the description of the orientation, such as the upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the meaning of a plurality of means is one or more, the meaning of a plurality of means is two or more, and more than, less than, more than, etc. are understood as excluding the present number, and more than, less than, etc. are understood as including the present number. If the first and second are described for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, they are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly limited, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific contents of the technical solutions.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a method of manufacturing an oxygen mask includes the steps of:
modeling, namely performing scanning modeling on the mask body 100 and the breathing joint 200 by using a scanner;
manufacturing a mask body, 3D printing the mask body 100 by adopting TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) flexible materials according to modeling, reserving an observation port 110 and a breathing port 120 in the mask body 100, communicating the breathing port 120 with the inner side and the outer side of the mask body 100, printing an insert block 130 on the breathing port 120 in 3D printing, and printing a mounting groove 150 on the observation port 110;
manufacturing a breathing joint, 3D printing the breathing joint 200 by adopting ABS engineering materials according to modeling, reserving a vent hole 210 for communicating oxygen supply equipment in the breathing joint 200, and printing a slot 220 on the breathing joint 200 in 3D printing;
manufacturing goggles, and performing injection molding on the goggles 400 in a mold;
assembling, the inserting slot 220 on the breathing joint 200 is connected with the inserting block 130 on the mask body 100, so that the vent hole 210 is communicated with the breathing hole 120, and the goggles 400 are embedded in the installing slots 150 on the observation port 110.
Adopt the TPU material to come 3D to print face guard body 100, make face guard body 100 texture soft, when the user wears, can reduce the oppression of face guard body 100 to the user face, and breathing connects 200 to adopt ABS engineering material to come 3D to print, breathing connects 200's intensity height, long service life, and 3D printed breathing connects 200 can change at any time, in addition, breathing connects 200 and face guard body 100 and is connected through inserted block 130 and slot 220, breathing connects 200 and face guard body 100 can dismantle the change, goggles 400 inlays and establishes in mounting groove 150, goggles 400's edge can not leak out, goggles 400's edge can not cause the scratch to other article. It is understood that ABS material, i.e. ABS-ABS copolymer, is a thermoplastic polymer material, which is a material commonly used in 3D printing; the ABS material can also be replaced by HIPS material, the HIPS material is impact-resistant polystyrene, and the HIPS material is commonly used for electrical equipment such as computer housings and the like and is a commonly used material; the TPU flexible material refers to thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber, is commonly used for hose manufacturing, sole manufacturing and the like, and is a commonly used material.
In some embodiments, in the step of manufacturing the mask body, the first mounting hole 140 is further reserved on the mask body 100, in the step of manufacturing the breathing joint, the breathing joint 200 is reserved with the second mounting hole 230, when the breathing joint 200 is connected to the mask body 100, the axes of the first mounting hole 140 and the second mounting hole 230 are coincident, the first mounting hole 140 and the second mounting hole 230 are used for passing through the fastening screw 300, the fastening screw 300 is used for fixing the breathing joint 200 on the mask body 100, and the fastening screw 300 is arranged for fastening the mask body 100 and the breathing joint 200, so that the mask body 100 and the breathing joint 200 are not easy to be separated.
In some embodiments, in the step of manufacturing the breathing joint, the breathing joint 200 is provided with an external connection end, the ventilation hole 210 passes through the external connection end, and the axis extends vertically, so that the air pipe connected to the ventilation hole 210 does not protrude too much, namely, the air pipe connected to the ventilation hole 210 does not interfere with the sight line, and the use is convenient.
In some embodiments, in the step of manufacturing the mask body, the mounting groove 150 is disposed on the inner wall of the viewing port 110, the edge of the goggles 400 is embedded in the viewing port 110, the edge of the goggles 400 is connected to the mask body 100 by the rivet 410, and the rivets 410 are used to connect the goggles 400 to the mask body 100, so that the goggles 400 are prevented from being separated from the mask body 100 and affecting the use.
In some embodiments, a plurality of rivets 410 are provided, and the plurality of rivets 410 are more securely fastened.
In some embodiments, the plurality of rivets 410 are evenly disposed along the edge of the goggle 400, and are evenly stressed, so that the goggle 400 is not prone to tilting.
In some embodiments, in the step of manufacturing the mask body, the viewing port 110 is formed in a shape of 8, the shape of the viewing port 110 matches the shape of the goggles 400, the viewing port 110 in the shape of 8 can save materials for the goggles 400, and it can be understood that the viewing port 110 in the shape of 8 is in a horizontal shape in use.
In some embodiments, in the step of manufacturing goggles, the goggles 400 are provided with the light-transmitting curved surface 420, the light-transmitting curved surface 420 can reduce visual fatigue of a user, and compared with a planar goggle, the goggles provided with the light-transmitting curved surface 420 can improve eyesight of the user because the goggles provided with the light-transmitting curved surface 420 have a structure of concave lenses, the concave lenses can diverge light, and the user can see objects more clearly through the light-transmitting curved surface 420.
In some embodiments, in the step of making goggles, the goggles 400 are made of a transparent material that is transparent to light for making the goggles 400.
In some embodiments, the transparent material is glass or plastic, which is inexpensive, and readily available.
In some embodiments, the rubber sleeve 160 is disposed on the mask body 100, the friction between the rubber sleeve 160 and the face is large, so that the mask body 100 can be conveniently fixed on the head, and the rubber sleeve 160 can reduce the oppressive feeling on the face of the user.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of making an oxygen mask, comprising the steps of:
modeling, namely scanning and modeling the mask body and the breathing joint by using a scanner;
manufacturing a mask body, 3D printing the mask body by adopting a TPU flexible material according to modeling, reserving an observation port and a breathing port on the mask body, communicating the inner side and the outer side of the mask body through the breathing port, printing an insert block on the breathing port in 3D printing, and printing a mounting groove on the observation port;
manufacturing a breathing joint, 3D printing the breathing joint by adopting an ABS engineering material according to modeling, reserving a vent hole for communicating oxygen supply equipment in the breathing joint, and printing a slot on the breathing joint in 3D printing;
manufacturing goggles, and carrying out injection molding on the goggles in a mold;
the equipment, with the inserted block on the slot connection face guard body on the breathing joint, make air vent and breathing mouth intercommunication, inlay the mounting groove of establishing on the viewing aperture with the goggles in.
2. A method of making an oxygen mask as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step of making the mask body, a first mounting hole is reserved on the mask body, in the step of making the breathing joint, a second mounting hole is reserved on the breathing joint, when the breathing joint is connected to the mask body, the axes of the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole are overlapped, the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole are used for penetrating through a fastening screw, and the fastening screw is used for fixing the breathing joint to the mask body.
3. A method of making an oxygen mask as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step of manufacturing the breathing joint, the breathing joint is provided with an external connection end, and the vent hole passes through the external connection end and the axis of the vent hole extends vertically.
4. A method of making an oxygen mask as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step of manufacturing the mask body, the mounting groove is arranged on the inner wall of the observation port, the edge of the goggles is embedded in the observation port, and the edge of the goggles is connected with the mask body through rivets.
5. The method of manufacturing an oxygen mask as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the rivet is provided with a plurality of rivets.
6. The method of manufacturing an oxygen mask as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the rivets are evenly arranged along the edge of the goggles.
7. A method of making an oxygen mask as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step of manufacturing the mask body, the observation port is arranged in a shape of 8.
8. The method of manufacturing an oxygen mask as claimed in claim 7, wherein: in the step of manufacturing the goggles, the goggles are provided with light-transmitting curved surfaces.
9. A method of making an oxygen mask as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step of manufacturing the goggles, the goggles are made of transparent materials.
10. A method of making an oxygen mask as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the transparent material is glass or plastic.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110245868.8A CN113117207A (en) | 2021-03-05 | 2021-03-05 | Method for manufacturing oxygen mask |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110245868.8A CN113117207A (en) | 2021-03-05 | 2021-03-05 | Method for manufacturing oxygen mask |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN113117207A true CN113117207A (en) | 2021-07-16 |
Family
ID=76772590
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110245868.8A Pending CN113117207A (en) | 2021-03-05 | 2021-03-05 | Method for manufacturing oxygen mask |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN113117207A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN116178936A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-05-30 | 东莞市雄林新材料科技股份有限公司 | TPU oxygen mask and preparation method and application thereof |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN201216792Y (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2009-04-08 | 煤炭科学研究总院重庆研究院 | Full facepiece mask of positive-pressure oxygen respirator |
CN105930880A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-09-07 | 上海欧牡健康管理咨询有限公司 | 3D printing medical mask |
WO2019161441A1 (en) * | 2018-02-23 | 2019-08-29 | Bespoke Medical Innovations Pty Ltd | Oro-nasal patient interface for treating sleep disordered breathing |
US20200114178A1 (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2020-04-16 | Waterford Mask Systems Inc. | Facemask with filter insert for protection against airborne pathogens |
CN111419537A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-07-17 | 东莞理工学院 | Preparation method of personalized 3D printing medical isolation eyeshade |
WO2020231343A1 (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2020-11-19 | National University Of Singapore | Eye mask |
-
2021
- 2021-03-05 CN CN202110245868.8A patent/CN113117207A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN201216792Y (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2009-04-08 | 煤炭科学研究总院重庆研究院 | Full facepiece mask of positive-pressure oxygen respirator |
US20200114178A1 (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2020-04-16 | Waterford Mask Systems Inc. | Facemask with filter insert for protection against airborne pathogens |
CN105930880A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-09-07 | 上海欧牡健康管理咨询有限公司 | 3D printing medical mask |
WO2019161441A1 (en) * | 2018-02-23 | 2019-08-29 | Bespoke Medical Innovations Pty Ltd | Oro-nasal patient interface for treating sleep disordered breathing |
WO2020231343A1 (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2020-11-19 | National University Of Singapore | Eye mask |
CN111419537A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-07-17 | 东莞理工学院 | Preparation method of personalized 3D printing medical isolation eyeshade |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN116178936A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-05-30 | 东莞市雄林新材料科技股份有限公司 | TPU oxygen mask and preparation method and application thereof |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20240004222A1 (en) | Goggle lens with compound curvature for downward field of view enhancement | |
US6959988B1 (en) | Eyewear having detachable lens retaining member | |
US10264840B2 (en) | Headgear shroud assembly | |
EP2159623B1 (en) | Eyeglasses | |
US7895679B2 (en) | Goggles | |
US20080256688A1 (en) | Article of Eyewear | |
CA2248104A1 (en) | Support for a head mounted display system | |
CN113117207A (en) | Method for manufacturing oxygen mask | |
US5687428A (en) | Goggles | |
CN205594232U (en) | Virtual reality glass | |
US2758308A (en) | Eye protective devices | |
US11478699B2 (en) | VR glasses accessory and VR glasses assembly | |
CN205679857U (en) | Headband structure and head-wearing type intelligent wearable device | |
US10928049B1 (en) | Headlamp assembly | |
WO2023225958A1 (en) | Mask and head-mounted display device | |
CN209167691U (en) | Eyeshade and head-mounted display apparatus | |
CN113031270A (en) | Glasses | |
CN213346296U (en) | Non-contact wearing device for contact lenses | |
CN207704144U (en) | A kind of glasses | |
CN114488540A (en) | AR shows accessory and AR spectacle assembly | |
CN217718266U (en) | Virtual reality glasses with eye-shade | |
CN217639760U (en) | Intelligent glasses | |
CN221860766U (en) | Nose holds in palm and intelligent glasses | |
CN216927279U (en) | Picture frame structure of breathing freely and have massage glasses of this structure | |
CN216561252U (en) | Skiing goggles |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |