CN113108683B - Automatic imaging measurement method and device for three-dimensional characterization of large-caliber well structure - Google Patents
Automatic imaging measurement method and device for three-dimensional characterization of large-caliber well structure Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/12—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring diameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
- G06T17/10—Constructive solid geometry [CSG] using solid primitives, e.g. cylinders, cubes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2200/00—Indexing scheme for image data processing or generation, in general
- G06T2200/08—Indexing scheme for image data processing or generation, in general involving all processing steps from image acquisition to 3D model generation
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Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of drilling aperture measurement, and discloses a three-dimensional characterization automatic imaging measurement method and device for a large-caliber well structure, wherein a supporting rod is fixed at the upper end of a jack in the three-dimensional characterization automatic imaging measurement device for the large-caliber well structure and is connected with a wellhead measurement platform through a universal ball bearing; a driving motor is fixed on the wellhead measurement platform, and a driving pulley is fixed on the driving motor; the driving pulley is connected with the first guide pulley through a rope, the first guide pulley is connected with a measuring instrument through a first rope, and a balancing weight is fixed at the lower end of the measuring instrument; the measuring instrument is provided with a measuring cylinder, measuring arms are fixed on the periphery of the measuring cylinder through threaded connection pairs, the measuring arms are provided with spring sleeves, and the measuring cylinder is provided with a micro switch and a ROM (read only memory) singlechip. The method is simple to operate, the measuring frequency is designed according to the requirements, the three-dimensional model diagram is automatically generated according to the measuring data, and the structure and the quality of the hole body are intuitively displayed.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of drilling aperture measurement, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional characterization automatic imaging measurement method and device for a large-caliber well structure.
Background
At present, with the development of industry and agriculture, the hole diameters of various geological drilling holes and engineering application drilling holes are larger and larger, and the problem of diameter exceeding or diameter shrinking directly influences the construction quality of the next step of engineering, which plays an important role in the overall quality of engineering, so the problem of how to accurately measure the hole diameters of large-caliber drilling holes is urgently solved.
The prior measuring technology is mainly divided into two methods, wherein one method is a small-caliber drilling aperture mechanical arm measuring method, the other method is mainly umbrella-shaped measurement, and the other method has the main defect that the measuring arm stretches; and the second measurement result is data or Kong Shen curve, and the drilling Kong Shen cannot be displayed in all directions. The other is sonic measurement, which has a large measurement range, but the sonic wave needs to be propagated by using flushing fluid in the borehole as a medium, and is greatly influenced by the performance of the flushing fluid. The main defect is that the performance of flushing fluid affects the measurement precision and the error is large; secondly, for lost holes, flushing fluid cannot fill the holes, and the upper section of the hole without flushing fluid cannot be measured; thirdly, in the drilling process, mud skin with a certain thickness is formed on the wall of a drilling hole, the size of the aperture cannot be accurately measured by acoustic wave measurement, and the whole aperture is smaller; fourth, the measurement is data or Kong Shen curve, and the borehole Kong Shen cannot be revealed in all directions.
Through the analysis, the prior aperture measuring equipment can not accurately measure the aperture of the large-caliber drilling hole.
The difficulty of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: firstly, the mechanical arm measurement is mainly aimed at small-caliber drilling, the measurement arm has a certain difficulty in stretching, and the instrument is not easy to go up and down; secondly, the acoustic wave measurement needs a propagation medium to be measured, and the acoustic wave cannot penetrate through mud skin of the wall of a borehole, so that measurement error is large; thirdly, the hole body display is a plane curve and cannot be displayed in a three-dimensional mode.
The meaning of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: through a new device or a new method, firstly, the aperture of a large-caliber drilling hole can be measured, the pore wall mud skin is broken through contact, the hole aperture is truly reflected, and finally, the problem of shrinkage and expansion of the drilling hole is intuitively known through three-dimensional image display Kong Shen. Secondly, through measuring data, cement slurry for well cementation is calculated more accurately; thirdly, the deformation abrasion degree of the wall protection sleeve can be directly checked.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the application provides a three-dimensional characterization automatic imaging measurement method and device for a large-caliber well structure. The application can solve the problem of aperture measurement, designs the corresponding measuring arm length according to the size of the aperture of the drilling hole, and automatically portrays the three-dimensional model of the well structure according to the aperture data by using only design software to display the well structure in all directions. The application is applied to the aperture measurement and three-dimensional characterization imaging of well structures of engineering projects such as large-caliber geological drilling holes, geothermal wells, earthquake underground fluid observation wells, large-caliber engineering pile holes, other underground water resource development wells and the like.
The application is realized in such a way that the three-dimensional characterization automatic imaging measuring device of the large-caliber well structure is provided with a jack;
the upper end of the jack is fixed with a supporting rod, and the supporting rod is connected with a wellhead measuring platform through a universal ball bearing;
a driving motor is fixed on the wellhead measurement platform, and a driving pulley is fixed on the driving motor;
the driving pulley is connected with the first guide pulley through a rope, the first guide pulley is connected with a measuring instrument through a first rope, and a balancing weight is fixed at the lower end of the measuring instrument;
the measuring instrument is provided with a measuring cylinder, measuring arms are fixed on the periphery of the measuring cylinder through threaded connection pairs, the measuring arms are provided with spring sleeves, and the measuring cylinder is provided with a micro switch and a ROM (read only memory) singlechip.
Further, the left end of the wellhead measurement platform is provided with a bearing, the wellhead measurement platform is provided with a threaded hole, and the threaded hole is screwed with a fixing bolt.
Further, be provided with the fixed pinhole on the well head measurement platform, fixed pin is fixed with to fixed pinhole inside.
Further, fixed drum and second leading wheel are fixed with to the dipperstick upper end, and fixed drum passes through the second rope to be connected with the second leading wheel, and the second leading wheel passes through the second rope and is connected with the rope guide hole.
Further, the measuring arm is provided with a spring sleeve, the left end of the spring sleeve is provided with a spring base, the left end of the spring base is provided with a piezoelectric sensor, the left end of the piezoelectric sensor is provided with rubber, and the right end of the spring sleeve is provided with a roller.
Further, be provided with the spring buckle on the measuring arm, be provided with reset spring on the spring buckle, be fixed with the extension spring on the spring base.
Another object of the present application is to provide a method for three-dimensional characterization automatic imaging measurement of a large-caliber well structure based on the device for three-dimensional characterization automatic imaging measurement of a large-caliber well structure, which comprises the following steps:
the trigger device is provided with a micro switch and the device is opened; sinking the device to the deepest position of the well bottom by using a balancing weight, and then opening a buckle on an arm cylinder by using a sleeve, so that the measuring arm stretches to the position of the well arm;
the device is dragged to a wellhead at a constant speed by utilizing a driving motor on a balance table, and the testing device performs data acquisition once every fixed time in the lifting process;
in the ascending process of the device, the roller at the top end of the measuring arm is contacted with the well wall, and when the radius of the well wall changes, the roller, together with the spring and the secondary sleeve, stretches along the radial direction;
springs which are telescopic to different lengths act on the pressure sensor at the bottom through the spring base to realize the conversion of the radius-pressure of the well hole;
obtaining the stress F of the piezoelectric sensor at the bottom of each measuring arm ij( xk), the relation between the stress on each measuring arm and the branch current can be obtained according to the piezoelectric characteristic curves of the piezoelectric sensors Y1 to Y8, phi is set i And as a function of the voltage dependent resistor force corresponding to the ith sensing loop and resistance, u is the voltage of the storage battery, and the corresponding relation between the pressure and the current is as follows:
the current obtained by the test is subjected to current collection through a current collector of the central processing module; the current collector is connected with the singlechip, and the singlechip inputs signals to the current collector once every fixed time interval, and the singlechip collects data as discrete equidistant sampling data in the depth direction due to uniform-speed driving of the driving motor;
the data processing and storing operation is as follows: the signal sampling is carried out on the current acquisition device through the singlechip, then the borehole radius data at different depths are obtained through reverse calculation, and the borehole radius data are stored in an external ROM chip of the singlechip;
the resulting discrete radius data will be used in the interpolation and contouring of the borehole contour.
Further, the borehole radius-pressure conversion relationship is;
F ij (x k )＝k i (r i0 -R ij (x k ))；
f in the formula ij( xk) is the j-th measurement, and at the depth xk, the force applied by the piezoelectric sensing device at the bottom of the i-th measurement arm is k i And r i0 The stiffness of the spring on the ith measurement arm and the length of the spring in the free state are respectively measured.
Further, the reverse calculation formula is:
further, the specific outline drawing process comprises the following steps:
the first step: because the measurement data is the radius length in a certain specific angle and depth direction, in order to simplify calculation, a reference coordinate system is converted into a cylindrical coordinate system, an independent variable of interpolation calculation is converted into a radial angle theta and depth x, and a function value is a radius R;
and a second step of: in order to realize the closing of the cylindrical curved surface of interpolation calculation, the function values on the original different argument angles are amplified, and the function value when the argument angle theta=0 DEG is copied to obtain the function value when the argument angle theta=360 DEG;
and a third step of: performing interpolation fitting on the cylindrical curved surface by adopting an existing two-dimensional interpolation algorithm, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: spline interpolation, nearest neighbor interpolation, cubic interpolation, linear interpolation and Makima interpolation algorithm;
fourth step: and converting the data obtained by interpolation calculation from a cylindrical coordinate reference system to a Cartesian coordinate system, and finally carrying out drawing work of the well hole profile on the obtained data.
By combining all the technical schemes, the application has the advantages and positive effects that: the application can solve the problem of measuring the aperture of the large-caliber drilling hole and automatically generate a drilling three-dimensional model diagram.
According to the bore diameter of the drill hole, firstly, the size of a measuring arm is designed; the spring sleeve on the measuring arm is compressed into the measuring arm and is limited and fixed by the spring buckle, so that the measuring instrument can be conveniently lowered. The method comprises the following steps: the driving motor on the bearing platform lowers the measuring instrument to the bottom of the hole through the steel wire rope, throws the sleeve from the hole opening, impacts the rope on the fixed wire coil, releases the spring buckle, realizes the extension of the measuring arm, penetrates through the wall mud skin and directly contacts the hole wall; thirdly, the measuring frequency is designed, a winch ascends, a measuring instrument ascends gradually, the piezoelectric sensor changes are automatically collected, current data are collected, and the current data are converted into pore diameter data and stored. And finally, after the measurement is finished, data are derived, and a three-dimensional model diagram is automatically generated through the characterization software.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional characterization automatic imaging measurement device for a large-caliber well structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a top view of a three-dimensional characterization automatic imaging measurement device for a large-caliber well structure according to an embodiment of the application.
Fig. 3 is a front view of a measuring arm provided by an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a top view of a meter according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a sleeve diagram provided by an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the inside of a device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of connection of a central processing module according to an embodiment of the present application.
In the figure: 1. a bearing; 2. a fixing pin; 3. a first guide pulley; 4. a driving motor; 5. a drive pulley; 6. a fixing bolt; 7. a universal ball bearing; 8. a jack; 9. a first rope; 10. a measuring instrument; 11. balancing weight; 12. a fixing pin hole; 13. fixing the wire coil; 14. rubber; 15. a second rope; 16. a piezoelectric sensor; 17. a second guide wheel; 18. a threaded connection pair; 19. a rope guide hole; 20. a spring buckle; 21. a return spring; 22. a telescopic spring; 23. a roller; 24. a spring sleeve; 25. a spring base; 26. a micro-switch; 27. ROM single chip microcomputer. 28. A central processing module; 29. a current collector; 30. a single chip microcomputer; 31. and a storage battery.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a data selection dialog according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 10 is a diagram of a software interface effect after data selection according to an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 11 is a diagram of the effect of a software interface after calculation provided by an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 12 is a simulation of a three-dimensional model of a well bore provided by an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the application provides a three-dimensional characterization automatic imaging measurement method and device for a large-caliber well structure, and the application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a supporting rod is fixed at the upper end of a jack 8 in the automatic imaging measuring device for three-dimensional characterization of a large-caliber well structure, and the supporting rod is connected with a wellhead measuring platform through a universal ball bearing 7; a driving motor 4 is fixed on the wellhead measurement platform, and a driving pulley 5 is fixed on the driving motor 4; the driving pulley 5 is connected with the first guide pulley 3 through a rope 9, the first guide pulley 3 is connected with a measuring instrument through the first rope 9, and a balancing weight 11 is fixed at the lower end of the measuring instrument. The left end of the wellhead measurement platform is provided with a bearing 1, the wellhead measurement platform is provided with a threaded hole, and the threaded hole is screwed with a fixing bolt 6; the wellhead measurement platform is provided with a fixing pin hole 12, and a fixing pin 2 is fixed inside the fixing pin hole 12. After the instrument is assembled, the measuring instrument is lowered to the hole bottom by the bearing platform driving motor, the sleeve is put in, the spring is released to clamp, the measuring arm is extended, and then the driving motor is used for lifting the measuring aperture. After the measurement is finished, data are extracted, and a self-organized software is used for describing and generating a three-dimensional model of the pore structure.
As shown in fig. 3, the measuring instrument 10 is provided with a measuring cylinder, the upper end of the measuring cylinder is fixed with a fixed wire coil 13 and a second guide wheel 17, the fixed wire coil 13 is connected with the second guide wheel 17 through a second rope 15, and the second guide wheel 17 is connected with a rope guide hole 19 through the second rope 15; the measuring cylinder is fixed with measuring arms through threaded connection pairs 18, the measuring arms are provided with spring sleeves 24, the left ends of the spring sleeves 24 are provided with spring bases 25, the left ends of the spring bases 25 are provided with piezoelectric sensors 16, the left ends of the piezoelectric sensors 16 are provided with rubbers 14, and the right ends of the spring sleeves 24 are provided with rollers 23; the measuring arm is provided with a spring buckle 20, and the spring buckle 20 is provided with a return spring 21; the spring base 25 is fixed with a telescopic spring 22; the measuring instrument 10 is fixed with a measuring cylinder provided with a micro switch 26 and a ROM singlechip 27.
The technical scheme of the application is further described below with reference to specific embodiments.
1. The application consists of a bearing platform, an aperture measuring instrument and a sleeve. The bearing platform consists of 4 jacks, a universal shaft, a fixing bolt, a driving motor (with a driving pulley) and a guide pulley, and is mainly used for leveling a wellhead measuring platform and driving a measuring instrument to descend and lift for measurement. The core instrument is an aperture measuring instrument, which mainly comprises a measuring arm, a measuring cylinder and a balancing weight, wherein the measuring arm comprises a roller, a spring sleeve, a telescopic spring, a reset spring, a spring buckle and a rope guide hole; the measuring cylinder consists of a micro switch, a piezoelectric sensor and a ROM single chip microcomputer. The measuring arm and the measuring cylinder are connected by screw threads. After the instrument is assembled, the measuring instrument is lowered to the hole bottom by the bearing platform driving motor, the sleeve is put in, the spring is released to clamp, the measuring arm is extended, and then the driving motor is used for lifting the measuring aperture. After the measurement is finished, data are extracted, and a self-organized software is used for describing and generating a three-dimensional model of the pore structure.
2. Process method
1) And (5) leveling the bearing platform, and leveling the bearing platform by using a jack after drilling is finished.
2) And assembling the measuring instrument, designing the size of the measuring arm according to the design aperture of the drilling hole, and compressing the measuring arm into the sleeve.
3) Aperture measurement, namely firstly setting the lifting speed and the measuring frequency of a driving motor according to construction requirements; secondly, placing the measuring instrument to the bottom of the hole; thirdly, sleeving the sleeve into the steel wire rope, releasing the release spring buckle, ejecting the measuring arm, lifting the measuring instrument to obtain current change data when the device is positioned at different depths, and converting the data to obtain the data of the aperture of each direction used for calculation.
4) Imaging, and automatically describing and generating a well structure diagram (as shown in figure 6) by using self-organized software according to the measured well diameter data.
3. The details are as follows:
as shown in fig. 7, a microswitch on the trigger device opens the device. And the device is sunk to the deepest bottom of the well by using the balancing weight, and then the buckle on the arm barrel is opened by using the sleeve, so that the measuring arm stretches to the position of the well arm.
And (5) uniformly dragging the device to a wellhead by using a driving motor on a balance table. In the ascending process, the testing device performs data acquisition once every fixed time.
In the ascending process of the device, the roller at the top end of the measuring arm is contacted with the well wall, and when the radius of the well wall changes, the roller, together with the spring and the secondary sleeve, stretches along the radial direction.
Springs extending to different lengths apply reaction forces to the piezoelectric sensing devices at the bottom through the spring base, so that the radius-pressure conversion of the well bore is realized.
The conversion relation is as follows: f (F) ij (x k )＝k i (r i0 -R ij (x k ))；
F in the formula ij( xk) is the j-th measurement, and at the depth xk, the force applied by the piezoelectric sensing device at the bottom of the i-th measurement arm is k i And r i0 The stiffness of the spring on the ith measurement arm and the length of the spring in the free state are respectively measured.
Obtaining the stress F of the piezoelectric sensor at the bottom of each measuring arm ij( xk), the relation between the stress on each measuring arm and the branch current can be obtained according to the piezoelectric characteristic curves of the piezoelectric sensors Y1 to Y8, phi is set i And as a function of the voltage dependent resistor force corresponding to the ith sensing loop and resistance, u is the voltage of the storage battery, and the corresponding relation between the pressure and the current is as follows:
and collecting the current obtained by the test through a current collector of the central processing module. The current collector is connected with the singlechip, so that the data storage cost is reduced, the singlechip inputs signals to the current collector once every fixed time interval, and the singlechip collects data as discrete equidistant sampling data in the depth direction due to uniform-speed driving of the driving motor.
The data processing and storing operation is as follows: as shown in the connection diagram of the central processing module provided in fig. 8, the method includes: the system comprises a central processing module 28, a current collector 29, a singlechip 30 and a storage battery 31.
The current collection device (comprising the current collector 29) is subjected to signal sampling through the singlechip 30, borehole radius data at different depths are obtained through reverse calculation, and the borehole radius data are stored in the ROM singlechip 27 (an external ROM chip of the singlechip). The reverse calculation formula is:
the resulting discrete radius data will be used in the interpolation and contouring of the borehole contour.
The drawing process is as follows:
because the well bore profile is a cylindrical shell, the method uses a two-dimensional interpolation algorithm to simplify the calculation.
The first step: since the measurement data is the radius length in two directions of a certain specific angle and depth, in order to simplify the calculation, the reference coordinate system is converted into a cylindrical coordinate system, the independent variable of interpolation calculation is converted into the argument θ and the depth x, and the function value is the radius R.
And a second step of: in order to realize the closing of the cylindrical curved surface of interpolation calculation, the function values on the original different argument angles are amplified, and the function value when the argument angle theta=0 DEG is copied to obtain the function value when the argument angle theta=360 deg.
And a third step of: performing interpolation fitting on the cylindrical curved surface by adopting an existing two-dimensional interpolation algorithm, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: spline interpolation, nearest neighbor interpolation, cubic interpolation, linear interpolation, and Makima interpolation algorithms.
Fourth step: and converting the data obtained by interpolation calculation from a cylindrical coordinate reference system to a Cartesian coordinate system, and finally carrying out drawing work of the well hole profile on the obtained data.
The technical scheme of the application is further described below by combining examples.
For example, a certain water well is drilled, the hole depth is 35.8m, and the aperture is 80cm.
The first step: the data obtained by the test is processed by a singlechip of the test device, so that radius sampling data of eight directions can be obtained, and the data size is N multiplied by 9 (the column 1 and the column 9 have the same data). The data is imported into an Excel table, and an "xls" or "xlsx" file is generated. The table format is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 well diameter data sheet (Unit: cm)
And a second step of: the three-dimensional characterization auto-imaging software WPII V1.0 is run, the "import Excel form" button is clicked, the dialog box shown in fig. 9 below is popped up, and the data file is selected.
And a third step of: the software interface after data selection is shown in fig. 10.
Fourth step: the data display area is displayed as read-in data, the status bar is displayed as currently available interpolation calculation (default linear interpolation), and the second row of the status bar is displayed as currently read-in data path information. At this time, interpolation calculation can be performed, or calculation can be performed after the interpolation mode is changed. After selecting the required interpolation mode, clicking a 'calculate interpolation result' button to calculate, wherein the software interface is shown in fig. 11.
The first line in the status bar in fig. 11 shows that the current software status can be outlined, and the third line shows the currently selected interpolation mode.
After the calculation is completed, a button for drawing the well hole outline is clicked, and then a two-dimensional graph can be drawn on the result obtained by interpolation calculation, so that a three-dimensional model graph of the well body as shown in fig. 12 is obtained.
In the description of the present application, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front," "rear," "head," "tail," and the like are used as an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the application and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present application, and the scope of the application is not limited thereto, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art within the scope of the present application.
Claims (4)
1. The automatic imaging measurement method for three-dimensional characterization of the large-caliber well structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the trigger device is provided with a micro switch and the device is opened; sinking the device to the deepest position of the well bottom by using a balancing weight, and then opening a buckle on an arm cylinder by using a sleeve, so that the measuring arm stretches to the well wall;
the device is dragged to a wellhead at a constant speed by utilizing a driving motor on a balance table, and the testing device performs data acquisition once every fixed time in the lifting process;
in the ascending process of the device, the roller at the top end of the measuring arm is contacted with the well wall, and when the radius of the well wall changes, the roller, together with the spring and the spring sleeve, stretches along the radial direction;
springs which are telescopic to different lengths act on the piezoelectric sensors at the bottom through spring bases to realize conversion of radius-pressure of the well hole;
obtaining the stress F of the piezoelectric sensor at the bottom of each measuring arm ij (x k ) Then, according to the piezoelectric characteristic curves of the piezoelectric sensors Y1 to Y8, the relation between the stress on each measuring arm and the branch current is obtained;
the current obtained by the test is subjected to current collection through a current collector of the central processing module; the current collector is connected with the singlechip, and the singlechip samples the input signal of the current collector once every fixed time interval;
the data processing and storing operations include: the current collector is subjected to signal sampling through the singlechip, borehole radius data at different depths are obtained through reverse calculation, and the borehole radius data are stored in the ROM singlechip;
the obtained discrete radius data are used for interpolation calculation and contour drawing of the well hole contour;
the borehole radius-pressure conversion relationship is;
F ij (x k )＝k i (r i0 -R ij (x k ))；
f in the formula ij (x k ) For the j-th measurement, at depth x k Where the ith measurement arm is stressed by the piezoelectric sensor at the bottom of the arm, k i And r i0 The stiffness of the spring on the ith measuring arm and the length of the spring in a free state are respectively measured;
the reverse calculation formula is as follows:
in the obtaining of the relation between the stress on each measuring arm and the branch current,and as a function of the voltage dependent resistor force corresponding to the ith sensing loop and resistance, u is the voltage of the storage battery, and the corresponding relation between the pressure and the current is as follows:
the outline drawing includes:
the first step: because the measurement data is the radius length in a certain specific angle and depth direction, in order to simplify calculation, a reference coordinate system is converted into a cylindrical coordinate system, an independent variable of interpolation calculation is converted into a radial angle theta and depth x, and a function value is a radius R;
and a second step of: in order to realize the closing of the cylindrical curved surface of interpolation calculation, the function values on the original different argument angles are amplified, and the function value when the argument angle theta=0 DEG is copied to obtain the function value when the argument angle theta=360 DEG;
and a third step of: performing interpolation fitting on the cylindrical curved surface by adopting an existing two-dimensional interpolation algorithm, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: spline interpolation, nearest neighbor interpolation, cubic interpolation, linear interpolation and Makima interpolation algorithm;
fourth step: converting the data obtained by interpolation calculation from a cylindrical coordinate reference system to a Cartesian coordinate system, and finally, carrying out drawing work of a well hole profile on the obtained data;
the method for measuring the three-dimensional characterization automatic imaging of the large-caliber well structure uses the device for measuring the three-dimensional characterization automatic imaging of the large-caliber well structure, and comprises the following steps:
a jack;
the upper end of the jack is fixed with a supporting rod, and the supporting rod is connected with a wellhead measuring platform through a universal ball bearing;
a driving motor is fixed on the wellhead measurement platform, and a driving pulley is fixed on the driving motor;
the driving pulley is connected with the first guide pulley through a rope, the first guide pulley is connected with a measuring instrument through a first rope, and a balancing weight is fixed at the lower end of the measuring instrument;
the measuring instrument is provided with a measuring cylinder, measuring arms are fixed on the periphery of the measuring cylinder through threaded connection pairs, the measuring arms are provided with spring sleeves, and the measuring cylinder is provided with a micro switch and a ROM single chip microcomputer;
the left end of the wellhead measurement platform is provided with a bearing, the wellhead measurement platform is provided with a threaded hole, and the threaded hole is screwed with a fixing bolt;
the wellhead measurement platform is provided with a fixing pin hole, and a fixing pin is fixed in the fixing pin hole.
2. The automatic imaging measurement method for three-dimensional characterization of a large-caliber well structure according to claim 1, wherein a fixed wire coil and a second guide wheel are fixed at the upper end of the measuring cylinder, the fixed wire coil is connected with the second guide wheel through a second rope, and the second guide wheel is connected with the rope guide hole through a second rope.
3. The method for three-dimensional characterization automatic imaging measurement of a large-caliber well structure according to claim 1, wherein the measurement arm is provided with a spring sleeve, the left end of the spring sleeve is provided with a spring base, the left end of the spring base is provided with a piezoelectric sensor, the left end of the piezoelectric sensor is provided with rubber, and the right end of the spring sleeve is provided with a roller.
4. The method for three-dimensional characterization automatic imaging measurement of a large-caliber well structure according to claim 1, wherein a spring buckle is arranged on the measurement arm, a return spring is arranged on the spring buckle, and a telescopic spring is fixed on the spring base.
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