CN113097531B - Vehicle fuel cell waste heat recovery system for vehicle cabin heating and reactant preheating - Google Patents
Vehicle fuel cell waste heat recovery system for vehicle cabin heating and reactant preheating Download PDFInfo
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- CN113097531B CN113097531B CN202110373350.2A CN202110373350A CN113097531B CN 113097531 B CN113097531 B CN 113097531B CN 202110373350 A CN202110373350 A CN 202110373350A CN 113097531 B CN113097531 B CN 113097531B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a vehicle fuel cell waste heat recovery system for vehicle cabin heating and reactant preheating, which comprises: the fuel cell, the cabin heat exchanger and the cabin outer heat exchanger are used for the vehicle; a fuel cell for a vehicle includes: the cathode heat exchanger and the anode heat exchanger are used for preheating reactants; the cabin inner heat exchanger and the cabin outer heat exchanger are arranged in parallel; in a use state, after high-temperature cooling liquid flowing out of the vehicle fuel cell flows through the cathode heat exchanger and the anode heat exchanger, the flow of the high-temperature cooling liquid flowing through the cabin heat exchanger and the cabin outer heat exchanger is regulated to regulate the size of heat conveyed into a vehicle cabin. According to the invention, high-temperature cooling liquid firstly flows through the cathode-anode heat exchanger to preheat the reactant, then flows through the heat exchanger placed in the vehicle cabin to heat the vehicle cabin, and meanwhile, the heat exchanger is arranged outside the vehicle cabin in parallel, and the purposes of heating the vehicle cabin and preheating the reactant are achieved by adjusting the flow of the high-temperature cooling liquid flowing through the heat exchanger inside and outside the vehicle cabin.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy and fuel cells, in particular to a vehicle fuel cell waste heat recovery system for vehicle cabin heating and reactant preheating.
Background
The fuel cell technology is a novel energy utilization mode, can convert chemical energy in hydrogen into electric energy and heat energy, and has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, zero emission, low operation noise, low maintenance cost and the like. Fuel cells are divided into many types, among which low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells have good performance required by vehicle power sources, and the working temperature thereof is generally 60-90 ℃, so that the low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells are regarded as one of the replacement technologies of the traditional internal combustion engines in vehicles like lithium ion batteries. Currently, fuel cell vehicles are gaining wide attention in many countries around the world, and germany, japan, the united states of america, russia and the governments of our country all push out strong policies to promote the development of this industry.
The normal operation of the fuel cell requires very harsh operating conditions, and generally, a complete fuel cell power system should include auxiliary subsystems such as a hydrogen supply subsystem, an air supply subsystem, a cooling subsystem, and a control system to ensure the normal operation of the stack. The air supply subsystem is used for pressurizing, heating and humidifying the cathode reactant to ensure the temperature uniformity inside the galvanic pile and the conductivity of the proton exchange membrane, and the hydrogen supply subsystem is used for heating and humidifying the anode reactant. The cooling subsystem is used for taking away byproduct heat generated in the operation process of the galvanic pile, so that the operation temperature of the galvanic pile is kept constant, and the occurrence of thermal runaway is avoided. The control system controls the coordinated operation of the system, and ensures good dynamic characteristics and reliability. A plurality of fuel battery cells are stacked in series to form a stack. Most of the heat of the high-temperature cooling water in the stack is discharged to the outdoor environment through a radiator placed outside the vehicle cabin, which causes waste of low-temperature waste heat.
On the other hand, the air and heating system in the electric vehicle is another important energy demand end, and according to the research in the literature, the normal operation of the electric-driven heating system consumes considerable electric energy, and the electric energy comes from the hydrogen consumed in the fuel cell, which causes extra consumption of hydrogen, and further can reduce the endurance mileage of the fuel cell vehicle by about 12%.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a waste heat recovery system of a vehicle fuel cell for heating a vehicle cabin and preheating reactants, aiming at the problem that in a fuel cell stack, most of heat of high-temperature cooling water is discharged to the outdoor environment through a radiator arranged outside the vehicle cabin to cause waste of low-temperature waste heat.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a vehicle fuel cell waste heat recovery system for cabin heating and reactant preheating, comprising: the system comprises a vehicle fuel cell, an inboard heat exchanger arranged in a vehicle cabin and an outboard heat exchanger arranged outside the vehicle cabin; the fuel cell for a vehicle includes: the cathode heat exchanger and the anode heat exchanger are used for preheating reactants; the cabin heat exchanger and the cabin outer heat exchanger are arranged in parallel; in a use state, after the high-temperature cooling liquid flowing out of the vehicle fuel cell flows through the cathode heat exchanger and the anode heat exchanger, the flow of the high-temperature cooling liquid flowing through the cabin heat exchanger and the cabin outer heat exchanger is regulated to regulate the heat quantity conveyed to the cabin.
Preferably, the cathode heat exchanger and the anode heat exchanger are arranged in series or in parallel.
Preferably, the type of the cabin heat exchanger, the cabin external heat exchanger, the cathode heat exchanger or the anode heat exchanger is a radiant heat exchanger, a plate heat exchanger or a coiled heat exchanger.
Preferably, the cathode heat exchanger and the anode heat exchanger are internally provided with electric heaters.
Preferably, a hydrogen source is arranged in the vehicle cabin; the waste heat recovery system further comprises: a hydrogen circulation device; the reactant comprises hydrogen, the hydrogen is preheated by the anode heat exchanger, and excessive hydrogen flowing out of the vehicle fuel cell is recycled by the hydrogen circulating equipment and then mixed with high-pressure hydrogen from the hydrogen source.
Preferably, the cooling liquid comprises deionized water or cooling oil.
Preferably, the waste heat recovery system further comprises: a liquid pump providing a driving force for the cooling liquid.
Preferably, the waste heat recovery system is applied to a ground vehicle.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the technical scheme provided by the invention can more fully utilize waste heat generated in the vehicle fuel cell. On the one hand, waste heat is applied for the reaction gas preheating, which can reduce the amount of heat required for heating the reaction gas; on the other hand, waste heat is applied to cabin heating, which can relatively reduce the consumption of hydrogen gas and increase the driving range of the fuel cell vehicle compared with an electrically driven compression heating system. Meanwhile, the technical scheme of the heat exchangers connected in parallel inside and outside the vehicle cabin can realize adjustable heat input in the vehicle cabin by adjusting the flow division ratio of high-temperature cooling liquid inside and outside the vehicle cabin.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle fuel cell waste heat recovery system for cabin heating and reactant preheating according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle fuel cell waste heat recovery system for cabin heating and reactant preheating according to the present invention. The invention relates to a vehicle fuel cell waste heat recovery system for vehicle cabin heating and reactant preheating, which comprises: the fuel cell for the vehicle, an inboard heat exchanger (an inboard radiator in the figure) arranged in the vehicle cabin, and an outboard heat exchanger (an outboard radiator in the figure) arranged outside the vehicle cabin; a fuel cell for a vehicle includes: the cathode heat exchanger and the anode heat exchanger are used for preheating reactants; the cabin inner heat exchanger and the cabin outer heat exchanger are arranged in parallel. In a use state, after high-temperature cooling liquid flowing out of the vehicle fuel cell flows through the cathode heat exchanger and the anode heat exchanger, the flow of the high-temperature cooling liquid flowing through the cabin heat exchanger and the cabin outer heat exchanger is regulated so as to regulate the heat quantity conveyed into the vehicle cabin.
A fuel cell for a vehicle is a fuel cell stack in which a plurality of fuel cells are stacked in series. The reactants include hydrogen and air. The complete system includes a fuel cell stack, an air supply subsystem, a hydrogen supply subsystem, a cooling subsystem, and a control subsystem. The cooling liquid of the cooling subsystem is used for carrying away the secondary heat generated in the operation process of the galvanic pile. The coolant flowing out of the vehicle fuel cell undergoes heat exchange and becomes a high-temperature coolant. The cooling liquid firstly flows through the vehicle proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, the heat generated in the stack is taken out to ensure the normal operation of the stack, and meanwhile, the temperature of the cooling liquid is increased to a certain extent in the stack. The high-temperature cooling liquid coming out of the galvanic pile firstly flows through the cathode-anode heat exchanger to preheat a reactant, then flows through the heat exchanger placed in the vehicle cabin to heat the vehicle cabin, and simultaneously, the heat exchanger is arranged outside the vehicle cabin in parallel.
The cathode heat exchanger and the anode heat exchanger can be arranged in series or in parallel.
In some embodiments, the type of inboard, outboard, cathode or anode heat exchanger is a radiant, plate or coil heat exchanger.
In some embodiments, the cooling fluid is deionized water or cooling oil.
An electric heater is arranged in a cathode-anode heat exchanger in the system, and when high-temperature cooling water is not enough to preheat the reactant gas to the inlet temperature of the galvanic pile, the reactant is heated to the inlet temperature of the galvanic pile through the electric heater under the regulation and control of a control system.
The system can be applied to ground vehicles such as logistics vehicles, trucks, passenger vehicles and the like, and the ground vehicles are often provided with vehicle-mounted mobile high-pressure hydrogen sources such as hydrogen tanks. The waste heat recovery system is also provided with hydrogen circulating equipment, excessive hydrogen flowing out of the galvanic pile is recycled through the hydrogen circulating equipment and then mixed with high-pressure hydrogen from a hydrogen source, and the hydrogen circulating equipment comprises a hydrogen circulating pump, an ejector and the like. The mixed hydrogen flows through the anode heat exchanger and the anode humidifier in sequence, and is heated and humidified in sequence.
The waste heat recovery system further comprises: a liquid pump for providing a driving force for the cooling liquid.
The air before entering the fuel cell stack is sequentially pressurized, heated and humidified by an air compressor (air compressor), a cathode heat exchanger and a cathode humidifier. Excess air is exhausted from the cathode outlet of the stack to the environment.
Example 1
The pressure of hydrogen from the hydrogen tank is 1.2atm, the temperature is 298.15K, after mixing with the equal-pressure excess hydrogen from the hydrogen circulation compressor, the temperature rises to 301K, after preheating by the anode heat exchanger, the temperature rises to 341.2K, after humidification by the humidifier, the temperature slightly drops, and the temperature drops to the inlet temperature of the galvanic pile, namely 333.15K, and the relative humidity rises to 100%. The temperature of the excessive hydrogen is 338.15K, the pressure is 1atm, the temperature rises to 356.2K after passing through the hydrogen circulation compressor, and the pressure rises to 1.2atm.
The temperature of the air at normal pressure and normal temperature in the surrounding environment rises to 314.1K after passing through the air compressor, the pressure is changed into 1.2atm, the temperature rises to 341.3K after passing through the cathode heat exchanger, the temperature slightly drops to 333.15K after passing through the cathode humidifier, and the relative humidity is changed into 100%. The temperature of the air at the cathode outlet was 338.15K and the pressure was 1atm.
The temperature of cooling water before entering a galvanic pile is 333.15K, the pressure is 4atm, the temperature rise of 5K is experienced in the galvanic pile, the pressure is also reduced to 1atm, and 338.15K high-temperature cooling water sequentially flows through an anode heat exchanger and a cathode heat exchanger to preheat reactants, the temperature is reduced to 338.1K, then the temperature is reduced to 333.15K through radiators inside and outside a vehicle cabin, and then the temperature flows through a cooling water pump, and the pressure is increased to 4atm.
The control of the change of the heat supply quantity in the cabin from 933 to 23971W can be realized by adjusting the operating temperature and the current density of the fuel cell pile and the shunt ratio of the heat exchangers inside and outside the cabin, and the shunt ratio in the cabin can be determined to be 0.2 for the heat load requirement of 2-4kW of common vehicles.
In summary, in the system of the invention, the high-temperature coolant from the galvanic pile firstly flows through the cathode-anode heat exchanger to preheat the reactant, then flows through the heat exchanger placed in the vehicle cabin to heat the vehicle cabin, and meanwhile, the heat exchanger is arranged outside the vehicle cabin in parallel, and the purposes of heating the vehicle cabin and preheating the reactant are achieved by adjusting the flow of the high-temperature coolant flowing through the heat exchangers inside and outside the vehicle cabin.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the attached claims.
Claims (7)
1. A vehicle fuel cell waste heat recovery system for cabin heating and reactant preheating, comprising: the fuel cell for the vehicle, the cabin heat exchanger arranged in the cabin and the cabin heat exchanger arranged outside the cabin; the fuel cell for a vehicle includes: the cathode heat exchanger and the anode heat exchanger are used for preheating reactants; the cabin heat exchanger and the cabin outer heat exchanger are arranged in parallel;
in a use state, after high-temperature cooling liquid flowing out of the vehicle fuel cell flows through the cathode heat exchanger and the anode heat exchanger, the flow of the high-temperature cooling liquid flowing through the cabin heat exchanger and the cabin outer heat exchanger is regulated to regulate the heat quantity conveyed to the vehicle cabin; the regulation and control of the variation of the heat supply quantity from 933 to 23971W in the vehicle cabin can be realized by regulating the operating temperature and the current density of the fuel cell stack and the flow dividing ratio of the heat exchangers inside and outside the vehicle cabin;
a hydrogen source is arranged in the vehicle cabin; the waste heat recovery system further comprises: a hydrogen circulation device; the reactant comprises hydrogen, the hydrogen is preheated by the anode heat exchanger, and excessive hydrogen flowing out of the vehicle fuel cell is recycled by the hydrogen circulating equipment and then mixed with high-pressure hydrogen from the hydrogen source.
2. The vehicle fuel cell waste heat recovery system for cabin heating and reactant preheating according to claim 1, wherein the cathode heat exchanger and the anode heat exchanger are arranged in series or in parallel.
3. The vehicle fuel cell waste heat recovery system for cabin heating and reactant preheating according to claim 1, wherein the type of the cabin interior heat exchanger, the cabin exterior heat exchanger, the cathode heat exchanger or the anode heat exchanger is a radiant heat exchanger, a plate heat exchanger or a coil heat exchanger.
4. The vehicle fuel cell heat recovery system for cabin heating and reactant preheating according to claim 1, wherein the cathode heat exchanger and the anode heat exchanger are built with electric heaters.
5. The vehicle fuel cell heat recovery system for cabin heating and reactant preheating according to claim 1, wherein the coolant comprises deionized water or cooling oil.
6. The vehicle fuel cell heat recovery system for cabin heating and reactant preheating according to claim 1, wherein the heat recovery system further comprises: a liquid pump providing a driving force for the cooling liquid.
7. The vehicle fuel cell heat recovery system for cabin heating and reactant preheating according to claim 1, wherein the heat recovery system is applied to a land vehicle.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110373350.2A CN113097531B (en) | 2021-04-07 | 2021-04-07 | Vehicle fuel cell waste heat recovery system for vehicle cabin heating and reactant preheating |
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| CN202110373350.2A CN113097531B (en) | 2021-04-07 | 2021-04-07 | Vehicle fuel cell waste heat recovery system for vehicle cabin heating and reactant preheating |
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| CN113097531B true CN113097531B (en) | 2022-12-13 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102522584B (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2014-09-10 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | Heat exchange system and heat exchange method |
| US20150340715A1 (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2015-11-26 | M-Field Energy Ltd. | Fuel cell power generating system |
| CN107634242A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2018-01-26 | 北京晟泽科技有限公司 | A kind of heat management system and method for High Altitude UAV fuel cell module |
| CN210403967U (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2020-04-24 | 上海申龙客车有限公司 | Integrated form new forms of energy passenger train power battery water cooling system |
| CN110474129A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-11-19 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of power battery module liquid submersion temperature control system and its method |
| CN111619307B (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2021-07-23 | 清华大学 | Energy comprehensive utilization system |
| CN212230530U (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-12-25 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Thermal management control system and fuel cell vehicle |
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