CN113067351B - Frequency response control method and device of frequency locker, storage medium and processor - Google Patents
Frequency response control method and device of frequency locker, storage medium and processor Download PDFInfo
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- CN113067351B CN113067351B CN202110352794.8A CN202110352794A CN113067351B CN 113067351 B CN113067351 B CN 113067351B CN 202110352794 A CN202110352794 A CN 202110352794A CN 113067351 B CN113067351 B CN 113067351B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
- H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a frequency response control method and device of a frequency locker, a storage medium and a processor. Wherein, the method comprises the following steps: when the frequency of an input signal of the photovoltaic system changes and passes through the resonant frequency, whether preset phase angle jump occurs in an error signal and an orthogonal signal is determined; calculating the product of the error signal and the orthogonal signal to obtain a frequency error variable; and performing frequency response control on a frequency locker in the photovoltaic system according to the frequency error variable, wherein the frequency error variable is used as a feedback input signal of the frequency locker so as to perform frequency response control on the frequency locker. The invention solves the technical problems that the frequency response control method in the prior art can not realize rapid frequency tracking and reduce the phase deviation under the condition of frequency mutation when the frequency of a power grid is changed greatly and continuous rapid fluctuation occurs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of control of photovoltaic systems, in particular to a frequency response control method and device of a frequency locker, a storage medium and a processor.
Background
In recent years, the installed scale of new energy is increasing continuously, the power supply structure is changed obviously by accessing a power grid in an ultrahigh proportion, and frequency modulation resources mainly based on a traditional synchronous generator are compressed continuously. On the other hand, the matched extra-high voltage direct current delivery scale is continuously enlarged, so that the equivalent short circuit ratio of the system is gradually reduced, the strength of the system is further weakened, and the frequency modulation pressure and the safe operation risk of the power grid are increased. The rapid frequency modulation capability of various power supplies is integrated, the wind and light rapid frequency response scheme is set in a differentiation mode, and the necessary condition that the power grid frequency safety prevention and control level is improved by matching with the traditional unit is that new energy such as wind and light is further developed is also a new requirement provided by the safety and stability guide rule of the power system.
Taking photovoltaic power generation as an example, a photovoltaic system usually operates in a maximum power tracking mode, has no rotational inertia characteristic of a conventional unit, and does not have the capability of actively participating in power grid frequency modulation. However, with the continuous expansion of installed capacity, the demand of photovoltaic power stations for participating in frequency modulation is more and more urgent. In recent years, in the research of fast frequency response control of new wind and light energy, technical indexes such as frequency dead zones, adjustment coefficients and adjustment reserve capacity margins are gradually provided, and the frequency support of a power grid is realized by combining an inverter upper control mode. At present, photovoltaic frequency modulation mainly detects grid-connected point frequency or frequency change rate, and simulates droop control or virtual synchronous machine technology of frequency response characteristics of a traditional unit. Therefore, accurate phase and frequency information is the basis and key link of the photovoltaic system grid connection and related control strategies.
A synchronous reference frame PLL (phase locked loop, SRF-PLL) based on a synchronous reference coordinate system adopts a single synchronous coordinate system phase locking control structure, a detection signal under a three-phase static coordinate system is converted into a dq synchronous rotating coordinate system through Clark and Park conversion, and a q-axis variable approaches zero through closed-loop control, so that phase locking is realized. Under the condition of an ideal power grid, the accuracy of the SRF-PLL is high, and the dynamic performance can meet the requirements of a photovoltaic system control strategy. However, under non-ideal grid conditions (such as asymmetry or distortion), the grid frequency variation and the grid frequency variation rate are large, the accuracy of the SRF-PLL is reduced, the dynamic performance is deteriorated, and the control requirement of the photovoltaic system cannot be met. A phase-locked loop (SOGI-PLL) band-pass filter based on a second-order generalized integrator can filter out high-frequency components of voltage without delay, effectively inhibit noise and has dynamic performance superior to that of an SRF-PLL. However, when the frequency of the power grid changes greatly and continuous and rapid fluctuation occurs, although the signals generated by the SOGI are still in an orthogonal relationship, the amplitudes are not equal, so that the subsequent phase-locking calculation deviation is overlarge.
In view of the above problems, no effective solution has been proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a frequency response control method, a frequency response control device, a storage medium and a processor of a frequency locker, which are used for at least solving the technical problems that in the frequency response control method in the prior art, when the frequency of a power grid is changed greatly and continuous and rapid fluctuation occurs, rapid frequency tracking cannot be realized, and the phase deviation under the condition of frequency mutation is reduced.
According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a frequency response control method of a frequency locker, including: determining whether a predetermined phase angle jump occurs in an error signal and a quadrature signal when a frequency of an input signal of a photovoltaic system changes and passes a resonance frequency, wherein the error signal has the same phase as the quadrature signal when the frequency of the input signal is lower than the resonance frequency and the error signal has an opposite phase to the quadrature signal when the frequency of the input signal is higher than the resonance frequency; calculating the product of the error signal and the orthogonal signal to obtain a frequency error variable; and performing frequency response control on a frequency locker in the photovoltaic system according to the frequency error variable, wherein the frequency error variable is used as a feedback input signal of the frequency locker to perform frequency response control on the frequency locker.
Optionally, when the photovoltaic system operates in a resonant mode, detecting a current state of the frequency locker, where the frequency locker is in a capture state under a steady-state operation condition, a frequency change rate of the frequency locker in the capture state is equal to zero, and an input signal frequency is equal to an output signal frequency; if the frequency locker is detected to be in the capture state, determining an active-frequency static characteristic of a photovoltaic inverter of the photovoltaic system, wherein the active-frequency static characteristic is determined based on primary frequency modulation functions of a hydroelectric generating set and a thermal generating set of the photovoltaic system; performing active power-frequency regulation on the frequency locker based on the active-frequency static characteristic to obtain a frequency error instruction; and outputting the frequency error instruction and feeding back to the photovoltaic system.
Optionally, the method further includes: determining an active-frequency droop characteristic of a photovoltaic inverter of the photovoltaic system, wherein the active-frequency droop characteristic is calculated by a formula of P = P 0 -k(f-f H )P N (ii) a Wherein, P 0 The initial power value of the photovoltaic inverter is obtained; k is an adjustment coefficient, 1/Hz; f is the response frequency of the photovoltaic inverter, f H Is the frequency response threshold of the photovoltaic inverter; p N The rated power of the photovoltaic inverter; and when the initial power value is larger than the frequency response threshold value, controlling the photovoltaic inverter to adjust the output based on the active-frequency droop characteristic and participate in power grid frequency adjustment.
Optionally, the method further includes: establishing a simulation model of the photovoltaic inverters of the photovoltaic system, wherein a rated phase voltage of an alternating current bus of the simulation model is a first voltage value, the simulation model comprises at least two groups of loads, a first group of loads and a second group of loads in the at least two groups of loads are predetermined, the simulation model comprises a plurality of photovoltaic inverters, a first photovoltaic inverter in the plurality of photovoltaic inverters operates in a maximum power tracking mode, and a second photovoltaic inverter in the plurality of photovoltaic inverters operates in a droop control mode.
Optionally, the method further includes: detecting whether a primary frequency modulation dead zone of a photovoltaic inverter of the photovoltaic system is a target frequency modulation dead zone, wherein the photovoltaic inverter in the target frequency modulation dead zone does not need to trigger primary frequency modulation; if so, determining a first adjustment coefficient, a second modulation coefficient, a frequency modulation active upper limit value and a frequency modulation active lower limit coefficient value of the photovoltaic inverter; and determining the output power value of the photovoltaic inverter based on the first adjustment coefficient, the second modulation coefficient, the frequency modulation active upper limit value and the frequency modulation active lower limit coefficient value.
Optionally, the method further includes: adopt above-mentioned frequency locker to detect above-mentioned photovoltaic system's frequency error value, wherein, above-mentioned frequency locker includes: improving a second-order generalized integral frequency locker; and feeding the frequency error value back to the photovoltaic inverter of the photovoltaic system, wherein the photovoltaic inverter responds to control the photovoltaic system based on the frequency error value.
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a frequency response control apparatus of a frequency locker, including: a determining module, configured to determine whether a predetermined phase angle jump occurs in an error signal and a quadrature signal when a frequency of an input signal of a photovoltaic system changes and passes through a resonant frequency, wherein the error signal has the same phase as the quadrature signal when the frequency of the input signal is lower than the resonant frequency, and the error signal has an opposite phase to the quadrature signal when the frequency of the input signal is higher than the resonant frequency; a calculation module for calculating the product of the error signal and the quadrature signal to obtain a frequency error variable; and the control module is used for carrying out frequency response control on a frequency locker in the photovoltaic system according to the frequency error variable, wherein the frequency error variable is used as a feedback input signal of the frequency locker so as to carry out frequency response control on the frequency locker.
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a non-volatile storage medium, which stores a plurality of instructions, where the instructions are suitable for being loaded by a processor and executing any one of the frequency response control methods of the frequency locker.
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a processor, configured to execute a program, where the program is configured to execute any one of the frequency response control methods of the frequency locker when the program is executed.
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, where the memory stores a computer program, and the processor is configured to execute the computer program to perform any one of the frequency response control methods of the frequency locker.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the frequency of an input signal of a photovoltaic system changes and passes through a resonance frequency, whether a preset phase angle jump occurs in an error signal and a quadrature signal or not is determined, wherein the phase of the error signal is the same as that of the quadrature signal when the frequency of the input signal is lower than the resonance frequency, and the phase of the error signal is opposite to that of the quadrature signal when the frequency of the input signal is higher than the resonance frequency; calculating the product of the error signal and the orthogonal signal to obtain a frequency error variable; the frequency response control is carried out on the frequency locker in the photovoltaic system according to the frequency error variable, wherein the frequency error variable is used as a feedback input signal of the frequency locker to carry out frequency response control on the frequency locker, so that the aims of realizing rapid frequency tracking and reducing phase deviation under the condition of frequency mutation are fulfilled when the frequency of a power grid is changed greatly and continuous rapid fluctuation occurs, the technical effects of simplifying control variables and realizing rapid frequency response control of the photovoltaic inverter are further achieved, and the technical problems that the rapid frequency tracking cannot be realized and the phase deviation under the condition of frequency mutation cannot be reduced when the frequency of the power grid is changed greatly and the continuous rapid fluctuation occurs in the frequency response control method in the prior art are solved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flow chart of a frequency response control method of a frequency locker according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an alternative second order generalized integral principle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an alternative error signal ε according to an embodiment of the present invention u And orthogonal signal u d The bode diagram of (a);
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an alternative SOGI frequency locker, according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an alternative improved second-order generalized integral frequency locker according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an alternative photovoltaic inverter droop control strategy based on an improved SOGI frequency locker, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an alternative photovoltaic inverter active-frequency droop characteristic in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an alternative emulation circuit configuration in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an alternative PV according to embodiments of the present invention 2 A schematic of the output power;
FIG. 10 is an alternative PV according to embodiments of the present invention 3 A schematic of the output power;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an alternative photovoltaic inverter frequency according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a frequency response control device of a frequency locker according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Example 1
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an embodiment of a frequency response control method for a frequency locker, where the steps illustrated in the flowchart of the figure may be carried out in a computer system, such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and where a logical order is illustrated in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps illustrated or described may be carried out in an order different than here.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a frequency response control method of a frequency locker according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes the following steps:
step S102, when the frequency of an input signal of a photovoltaic system changes and passes through a resonance frequency, determining whether a preset phase angle jump occurs in an error signal and a quadrature signal, wherein the phase of the error signal is the same as that of the quadrature signal when the frequency of the input signal is lower than the resonance frequency, and the phase of the error signal is opposite to that of the quadrature signal when the frequency of the input signal is higher than the resonance frequency;
step S104, calculating the product of the error signal and the orthogonal signal to obtain a frequency error variable;
and step S106, performing frequency response control on a frequency locker in the photovoltaic system according to the frequency error variable, wherein the frequency error variable is used as a feedback input signal of the frequency locker to perform frequency response control on the frequency locker.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the frequency of an input signal of a photovoltaic system changes and passes through a resonance frequency, whether a preset phase angle jump occurs in an error signal and a quadrature signal or not is determined, wherein the phase of the error signal is the same as that of the quadrature signal when the frequency of the input signal is lower than the resonance frequency, and the phase of the error signal is opposite to that of the quadrature signal when the frequency of the input signal is higher than the resonance frequency; calculating the product of the error signal and the orthogonal signal to obtain a frequency error variable; the frequency response control is carried out on the frequency locker in the photovoltaic system according to the frequency error variable, wherein the frequency error variable is used as a feedback input signal of the frequency locker to carry out frequency response control on the frequency locker, so that the aims of realizing rapid frequency tracking and reducing phase deviation under the condition of frequency mutation are fulfilled when the frequency of a power grid is changed greatly and continuous rapid fluctuation occurs, the technical effects of simplifying control variables and realizing rapid frequency response control of the photovoltaic inverter are further achieved, and the technical problems that the rapid frequency tracking cannot be realized and the phase deviation under the condition of frequency mutation cannot be reduced when the frequency of the power grid is changed greatly and the continuous rapid fluctuation occurs in the frequency response control method in the prior art are solved.
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, embodiments of the present application provide a frequency response control method of a frequency locker, which provides an improved second-order generalized integrator-based phase-locked loop (SOGI-PLL), realizes fast frequency tracking, reduces phase deviation under the condition of frequency mutation, simplifies control variables, and provides a photovoltaic inverter fast frequency response control strategy based on the improved second-order generalized integrator frequency locker.
As an alternative embodiment, the frequency locker based on improved second-order generalized integral referred to in the embodiments of the present application is exemplified, for example, the frequency locker based on improved second-order generalized integral includes: quadrature signal generationThe second-order generalized integral principle is shown in fig. 2, where uin shown in fig. 2 represents the ac-side voltage of the photovoltaic inverter, ud and uq are quadrature signals of the output synchronization signal and the lagging input signal by 90 °, ω represents the frequency of the input signal, and ω represents the frequency of the input signal 0 Denotes the integrator resonant frequency and λ is the second order generalized integral gain.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the output signal u d And u q And an input signal u in The relationship can be characterized by calculating formula (1) and formula (2) as follows,
in the embodiment of the present application, if the input signal u in Is an undamped natural frequency, i.e. ω = ω 0 The second-order generalized integrator circuit is an integrator with infinite gain, and the frequency response characteristics of the transfer functions D(s) and Q(s) can be adjusted by adjusting the gain coefficient lambda.
In the embodiment of the present application, the orthogonal signal generator may be configured according to the transfer function characteristics of the above-described equations (1) and (2). The SOGI is adopted to form the orthogonal signal generator, and the inherent resonance characteristic of the orthogonal signal generator enables the orthogonal signal generator to work as a voltage-controlled oscillator, so that automatic tuning of the system is realized.
Alternatively, in the embodiment of the present application, the transfer function of the input signal and the error signal may be expressed as:
wherein epsilon u Representing the input signal u in And output in-phase signal u d To the error between. The bode plots of the transfer functions of the equations (2) and (3) are shown in FIG. 3. It can be seen from FIG. 3 that the system gain increases with λ around the resonant frequencyApproaches zero, and furthermore, when the frequency of the input signal changes from low to high through the resonant frequency, the error signal epsilon u And quadrature signal u q 180-degree angle jump may occur, i.e. epsilon, when the input signal frequency is below the resonance frequency u With quadrature signal u q In phase. When the frequency of the input signal is higher than the resonance frequency, epsilon u With quadrature signal u q By taking advantage of the above characteristics of the SOGI quadrature signal generator, the frequency locker based on the SOGI is designed.
As an alternative embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, first, it will be possible to apply the error signal ε u And quadrature signal u q The product of (a) is used as a frequency error variable and this variable is set as the feedback input signal of the frequency locked loop. Secondly, the resonant frequency is adjusted through an amplification and integration link, and the rapid frequency tracking of the input signal is realized. On the basis, a rated grid frequency omega is introduced ref As a feedforward variable, the frequency tracking speed of the system is accelerated.
In an optional embodiment, the method further includes:
step S202, when the photovoltaic system works in a resonance mode, detecting the current state of the frequency locker, wherein the frequency locker is in a capture state under the condition of steady-state operation, the frequency change rate of the frequency locker in the capture state is equal to zero, and the frequency of an input signal is equal to the frequency of an output signal;
step S204, if the frequency locker is detected to be in the capture state, determining an active-frequency static characteristic of a photovoltaic inverter of the photovoltaic system, wherein the active-frequency static characteristic is determined based on primary frequency modulation functions of a hydroelectric generating set and a thermal generating set of the photovoltaic system;
step S206, performing active power-frequency regulation on the frequency locker based on the active-frequency static characteristic to obtain a frequency error instruction;
and step S208, outputting the frequency error instruction and feeding back the frequency error instruction to the photovoltaic system.
In the embodiment of the application, an improved SOGI frequency locker is also provided, and the output characteristics of the frequency locker can be expressed by the formula (1) and the formula (2)Knowing that the frequency locker is in the capture state under the steady-state operation condition, it can be considered that the frequency change rate is equal to zero, and the frequency of the input signal is equal to the output frequency of the frequency locker, i.e. ω = ω f ，u d ＝u in = Ucos (ω t + θ). At this time, the system works in a resonance mode, and for an input signal, an in-phase output signal and a quadrature output signal are as follows:
u d ＝Ucos(ωt+θ) (4)
u q ＝Usin(ωt+θ) (5)
if the frequency of the input signal omega is not equal to omega f Then, as known from the transfer function, the output in-phase signal and the output quadrature signal are:
u′ d ＝U|D(jω)|cos(ωt+θ+∠D(jω)) (6)
and is
According to the formula (6) and the formula (7), the error signal epsilon of the FFSOGI frequency locker f Is epsilon f ＝u′ q (u in -u′ d ) (8)
From the signal relationship of FIG. 3SOGI-FLL, substituting equation (6) and equation (7) into equation (8) yields:
by epsilon f The error signal is used as a control signal of the frequency locker and can reflect the relation between the input signal and the output signal at any time. As can be seen from equation (9), the frequency error is proportional to the square of the signal frequency and is proportional to the square of the signal amplitude. The high nonlinearity of equation (9) is not favorable for the controller design, and it is difficult to select proper control parameters to ensure the performance of the frequency locker when the input voltage signal fluctuates. In order to facilitate parameter design and performance optimization of frequency locker, improvement is carried out on the basis of SOGI-FLL。
Firstly, a small signal model is adopted for linearization processing, and the steady-state working point omega is f Near ω,1
ω f 2 -ω 2 ≈2(ω f -ω)×ω f (10)
The output signal is arranged into
For the input signal u in = Usin (ω t + θ), have
Under the action of an integral link, alternating current components are ignored, and a system dynamic average model can be expressed as
The system operating characteristics may be represented by a transfer function G f (s) is described, and
equation (14) determines the improvement of the performance of the SOGI frequency locker, determined by the parameters λ, γ and the signal amplitude U. Equation (14) shows that the frequency tracking effect is affected by the amplitude of the input signal, the static and dynamic characteristics of the frequency locker can be adjusted by selecting reasonable parameters λ and γ, and an optional improved SOGI frequency locker after normalization processing is shown in fig. 5.
In the embodiment of the present application, by making the gain γ satisfy:
wherein, the system frequency response characteristic is a typical first-order closed-loop system, the system performance can be characterized by equation (16):
the system of equation (16) has only one pole and is located in the left half plane, so the improved SOGI frequency locker can achieve a non-poor tracking of the system frequency. The output characteristic of the frequency locker is completely determined by an inertia time constant tau f of a first-order system, and the bandwidth and the response characteristic of the frequency locker can be adjusted by adjusting the value of the tau f. And selecting a time constant tau f, considering response speed and working bandwidth, improving the quick response capability of the frequency locker, ensuring the no-difference tracking effect, and forming a frequency error instruction delta f required by the quick response control of the photovoltaic inverter.
As an optional embodiment, the photovoltaic inverter fast frequency response control may refer to, but not limited to, photovoltaic fast frequency adjustment related requirements such as a technology of accessing a photovoltaic power generation station to a power system, a fast frequency response function of a new energy farm of a power grid, and the like, the new energy farm needs to provide frequency support for the power grid after the registration capacity reaches a certain scale, and technical indexes such as capacity margin adjustment upwards and downwards, adjustment performance adjustment, and the like are defined.
In another optional embodiment, the method further comprises:
step S302, detecting a frequency error value of the photovoltaic system by using the frequency locker, where the frequency locker includes: improving a second-order generalized integral frequency locker;
step S304, feeding back the frequency error value to a photovoltaic inverter of the photovoltaic system, wherein the photovoltaic inverter responds to control the photovoltaic system based on the frequency error value.
In order to improve the quick frequency response capability of the photovoltaic system, the inverter adopts a droop control mode to perform active power-frequency regulation, and a frequency error command delta f formed by the improved SOGI frequency locker is directly fed back to the photovoltaic inverter control system, and the control system is shown in FIG. 6.
Let the gain γ satisfy:
the system frequency response characteristic is typical of a first order closed loop system, then the system performance can be characterized by equation (16):
the system of the formula (16) has only one pole and is located in the left half plane, so that the embodiment of the application can realize the non-differential tracking of the system frequency by improving the SOGI frequency locker; the output characteristic of the frequency locker is completely determined by an inertia time constant tau f of a first-order system, and the bandwidth and the response characteristic of the frequency locker can be adjusted by adjusting the tau f; and selecting a time constant tau f, considering response speed and working bandwidth, improving the quick response capability of the frequency locker, ensuring the no-difference tracking effect, and forming a frequency error instruction delta f required by the quick response control of the photovoltaic inverter.
In the embodiment of the application, referring to the related requirements of photovoltaic fast frequency regulation, after the registered capacity reaches a certain scale, the new energy station needs to provide frequency support for a power grid, and technical indexes such as capacity margin regulation upwards and downwards, regulation performance regulation and the like are defined. In order to improve the quick frequency response capability of the photovoltaic system, the inverter adopts a droop control mode to perform active power-frequency regulation, and a frequency error command delta f formed by the improved SOGI frequency locker is directly fed back to the photovoltaic inverter control system, and the control system is shown in FIG. 6.
In an optional embodiment, the method further includes:
step S402, determining an active-frequency droop characteristic of a photovoltaic inverter of the photovoltaic system, wherein a calculation formula of the active-frequency droop characteristic is P = P 0 -k(f-f H )P N (ii) a Wherein, P 0 The initial power value of the photovoltaic inverter is obtained; k is an adjustment coefficient, 1/Hz; f is the response frequency of the photovoltaic inverter, f H Is the frequency response threshold of the photovoltaic inverter; p N The rated power of the photovoltaic inverter;
and step S404, when the initial power value is greater than the frequency response threshold, controlling the photovoltaic inverter to adjust the output based on the active-frequency droop characteristic and participate in power grid frequency adjustment.
Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, according to the primary frequency modulation function active-frequency static characteristic of conventional hydroelectric power and thermal power generating units, the active-frequency droop characteristic of the photovoltaic inverter is set as: p = P 0 -k(f-f H )P N (17)
Wherein, P 0 The initial power value of the photovoltaic inverter is obtained; k is an adjustment coefficient, 1/Hz; f is the response frequency of the photovoltaic inverter, f H Is a photovoltaic inverter frequency response threshold; p N The rated power of the photovoltaic inverter.
In order to give full play to the quick frequency response function of the photovoltaic inverter and avoid frequent output change of the photovoltaic inverter under the condition of high-frequency disturbance of a power grid, a primary frequency modulation dead zone of the photovoltaic inverter is set by referring to primary frequency modulation dead zone parameters of conventional water and thermal power generating units, and the photovoltaic inverter does not trigger primary frequency modulation in the frequency modulation dead zone. When the frequency exceeds the frequency modulation threshold, the photovoltaic inverter adjusts the output according to the active-frequency droop characteristic to actively participate in the power grid frequency adjustment, and an active-frequency droop characteristic curve is shown in fig. 7, wherein alpha and beta are respectively the upper limit and the lower limit coefficients of the frequency modulation active of the photovoltaic inverter, and the adjustment depth of the photovoltaic inverter is adjusted. k is a radical of 1 、k 2 To adjust the coefficients.
In an optional embodiment, the method further includes:
step S502, establishing a simulation model of a photovoltaic inverter of the photovoltaic system, where a rated phase voltage of an ac bus of the simulation model is a first voltage value, the simulation model includes at least two groups of loads, a first group of loads and a second group of loads of the at least two groups of loads are predetermined, and the simulation model includes a plurality of photovoltaic inverters, where a first photovoltaic inverter of the plurality of photovoltaic inverters operates in a maximum power tracking mode and a second photovoltaic inverter of the plurality of photovoltaic inverters operates in a droop control mode.
In the embodiment of the present application, MATLAB simulation software may also be used to build a simulation model of the photovoltaic inverter, where the simulation circuit is shown in fig. 8, and the rated phase voltage 220v,50hz of the ac bus, for example, the simulation model may include 2 sets of loads, where the load 1 is 100kW and the load 2 is 30kW. As another example, the simulation model includes 3 photovoltaic inverters, where PV 1 Operating in a maximum power tracking mode; PV (photovoltaic) 2 The capacity is 20kVA, and the device runs in a traditional droop control mode; the PV3 capacity was 100kVA.
In an optional embodiment, the method further includes:
step S402, detecting whether a primary frequency modulation dead zone of a photovoltaic inverter of the photovoltaic system is a target frequency modulation dead zone, wherein the photovoltaic inverter in the target frequency modulation dead zone does not need to trigger primary frequency modulation;
step S404, if yes, determining a first adjustment coefficient, a second modulation coefficient, a frequency modulation active upper limit value and a frequency modulation active lower limit coefficient value of the photovoltaic inverter;
step S406, determining an output power value of the photovoltaic inverter based on the first adjustment coefficient, the second modulation coefficient, the frequency modulation active upper limit value, and the frequency modulation active lower limit coefficient value.
Optionally, droop control based on the improved SOGI-FLL provided by the embodiment of the present application may be adopted, for example, but not limited to, with reference to parameters of a primary frequency modulation dead zone of a conventional water and a thermal power generating unit, a primary frequency modulation dead zone of a PV3 inverter is set to ± 0.033Hz, a first adjustment coefficient k1 and a second adjustment coefficient k2 are set to 0.85 and 1.49, and optionally, an upper limit of a frequency modulation active power of the photovoltaic inverter and lower limit coefficients α and β are respectively 0.1 and 0.05; PV1 output power is 20kW, PV2 output power is 20kW, PV3 output power is 60kW, and the load 1 is 100kW. At time 6s, load 2 is switched in, wherein optional simulation results are shown in fig. 9, 10 and 11.
In order to meet the requirement of photovoltaic power generation on rapid frequency modulation, the embodiment of the application provides a photovoltaic inverter rapid frequency response control strategy based on an improved second-order generalized integral frequency locker. Firstly, aiming at the continuous and sudden change of the power grid frequency, the SOGI-PLL is improved, the frequency tracking speed and precision are improved, and meanwhile, the control parameter design is simplified; secondly, designing the active-frequency droop characteristic of the photovoltaic inverter according to the primary frequency modulation function of the conventional unit and by combining the power output characteristic of the photovoltaic inverter; finally, the system frequency is rapidly detected by adopting the improved second-order generalized integral frequency locker, and the frequency error is directly fed back to the photovoltaic inverter rapid frequency response control system, so that the problems of large phase deviation, time delay and the like of the traditional phase-locked loop when the frequency of the power grid suddenly changes are solved, and the photovoltaic power generation rapid frequency response is realized.
In the embodiment of the application, by combining the simulation results, the improved second-order generalized integral frequency locker is small in static error and high in dynamic response speed, the control effect of the improved second-order generalized integral frequency locker is obviously superior to that of an SRF-PLL, the photovoltaic inverter fast frequency response strategy meets the photovoltaic power generation fast frequency response requirement, and the frequency stability of a power grid is improved.
Example 2
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is further provided an embodiment of an apparatus for implementing the frequency response control method of the frequency locker, fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the frequency response control apparatus of the frequency locker according to the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 12, the frequency response control apparatus of the frequency locker includes: a determination module 120, a calculation module 122, and a control module 124, wherein:
a determining module 120, configured to determine whether a predetermined phase angle jump occurs in an error signal and a quadrature signal when a frequency of an input signal of the photovoltaic system changes and passes through a resonant frequency, where the error signal has the same phase as the quadrature signal when the frequency of the input signal is lower than the resonant frequency, and the error signal has an opposite phase to the quadrature signal when the frequency of the input signal is higher than the resonant frequency; a calculating module 122, configured to calculate a product of the error signal and the quadrature signal to obtain a frequency error variable; and a control module 124, configured to perform frequency response control on a frequency locker in the photovoltaic system according to the frequency error variable, where the frequency error variable is used as a feedback input signal of the frequency locker to perform frequency response control on the frequency locker.
It should be noted that the above modules may be implemented by software or hardware, for example, for the latter, the following may be implemented: the modules can be located in the same processor; alternatively, the modules may be located in different processors in any combination.
It should be noted here that the determining module 120, the calculating module 122 and the control module 124 correspond to steps S102 to S106 in embodiment 1, and the modules are the same as the corresponding steps in the implementation example and application scenario, but are not limited to the disclosure in embodiment 1. It should be noted that the modules described above may be implemented in a computer terminal as part of an apparatus.
It should be noted that, reference may be made to the relevant description in embodiment 1 for alternative or preferred embodiments of this embodiment, and details are not described here again.
The frequency response control device of the frequency locker may further include a processor and a memory, where the determining module 120, the calculating module 122, the control module 124, and the like are stored in the memory as program units, and the processor executes the program units stored in the memory to implement corresponding functions.
The processor comprises a kernel, and the kernel calls a corresponding program unit from the memory, wherein one or more than one kernel can be arranged. The memory may include volatile memory in a computer readable medium, random Access Memory (RAM) and/or nonvolatile memory such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM), and the memory includes at least one memory chip.
According to an embodiment of the present application, there is also provided an embodiment of a non-volatile storage medium. Optionally, in this embodiment, the nonvolatile storage medium includes a stored program, and when the program runs, the apparatus in which the nonvolatile storage medium is located is controlled to execute the frequency response control method of any frequency locker.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the nonvolatile storage medium may be located in any one of a group of computer terminals in a computer network, or in any one of a group of mobile terminals, and the nonvolatile storage medium includes a stored program.
Optionally, the apparatus in which the non-volatile storage medium is controlled to perform the following functions when the program is executed: determining whether a predetermined phase angle jump occurs in an error signal and a quadrature signal when a frequency of an input signal of a photovoltaic system changes and passes a resonance frequency, wherein the error signal has the same phase as the quadrature signal when the frequency of the input signal is lower than the resonance frequency and the error signal has an opposite phase to the quadrature signal when the frequency of the input signal is higher than the resonance frequency; calculating the product of the error signal and the orthogonal signal to obtain a frequency error variable; and performing frequency response control on a frequency locker in the photovoltaic system according to the frequency error variable, wherein the frequency error variable is used as a feedback input signal of the frequency locker to perform frequency response control on the frequency locker.
Optionally, the apparatus in which the non-volatile storage medium is controlled to perform the following functions when the program is executed: detecting a current state of the frequency locker when the photovoltaic system operates in a resonance mode, wherein the frequency locker is in a capture state under a steady-state operation condition, a frequency change rate of the frequency locker in the capture state is equal to zero, and an input signal frequency is equal to an output signal frequency; if the frequency locker is detected to be in the capture state, determining an active-frequency static characteristic of a photovoltaic inverter of the photovoltaic system, wherein the active-frequency static characteristic is determined based on primary frequency modulation functions of a hydroelectric generating set and a thermal generating set of the photovoltaic system; performing active power-frequency regulation on the frequency locker based on the active-frequency static characteristic to obtain a frequency error instruction; and outputting the frequency error instruction and feeding back to the photovoltaic system.
Optionally, the apparatus in which the non-volatile storage medium is controlled to perform the following functions when the program is executed: determining light of the above-mentioned photovoltaic systemAn active-frequency droop characteristic of the photovoltaic inverter, wherein the active-frequency droop characteristic is calculated by the formula P = P 0 -k(f-f H )P N (ii) a Wherein, P 0 The initial power value of the photovoltaic inverter is obtained; k is an adjustment coefficient, 1/Hz; f is the response frequency of the photovoltaic inverter, f H Is the frequency response threshold of the photovoltaic inverter; p N The rated power of the photovoltaic inverter; and when the initial power value is larger than the frequency response threshold value, controlling the photovoltaic inverter to adjust the output based on the active-frequency droop characteristic and participate in power grid frequency adjustment.
Optionally, the apparatus in which the non-volatile storage medium is controlled to perform the following functions when the program is executed: establishing a simulation model of the photovoltaic inverters of the photovoltaic system, wherein a rated phase voltage of an alternating current bus of the simulation model is a first voltage value, the simulation model comprises at least two groups of loads, a first group of loads and a second group of loads of the at least two groups of loads are predetermined, the simulation model comprises a plurality of photovoltaic inverters, a first photovoltaic inverter of the plurality of photovoltaic inverters operates in a maximum power tracking mode, and a second photovoltaic inverter of the plurality of photovoltaic inverters operates in a droop control mode.
Optionally, the apparatus in which the non-volatile storage medium is controlled to perform the following functions when the program is executed: detecting whether a primary frequency modulation dead zone of a photovoltaic inverter of the photovoltaic system is a target frequency modulation dead zone, wherein the photovoltaic inverter in the target frequency modulation dead zone does not need to trigger primary frequency modulation; if so, determining a first adjustment coefficient, a second modulation coefficient, a frequency modulation active upper limit value and a frequency modulation active lower limit coefficient value of the photovoltaic inverter; and determining the output power value of the photovoltaic inverter based on the first adjustment coefficient, the second modulation coefficient, the frequency modulation active upper limit value and the frequency modulation active lower limit coefficient value.
Optionally, the apparatus in which the non-volatile storage medium is controlled to perform the following functions when the program is executed: adopt above-mentioned frequency locker to detect above-mentioned photovoltaic system's frequency error value, wherein, above-mentioned frequency locker includes: improving a second-order generalized integral frequency locker; and feeding the frequency error value back to the photovoltaic inverter of the photovoltaic system, wherein the photovoltaic inverter responds to control the photovoltaic system based on the frequency error value.
According to an embodiment of the present application, there is also provided an embodiment of a processor. Optionally, in this embodiment, the processor is configured to execute a program, where the program executes a frequency response control method of any frequency locker.
According to an embodiment of the present application, there is further provided an embodiment of an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, where the memory stores a computer program, and the processor is configured to run the computer program to perform any one of the frequency response control methods of the frequency locker.
An embodiment of the present application further provides an embodiment of a computer program product, which is adapted to execute a program for initializing the steps of the frequency response control method of the frequency locker described above when the program is executed on a data processing device.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
In the above embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed technology can be implemented in other ways. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the above-described division of the units may be a logical division, and in actual implementation, there may be another division, for example, multiple units or components may be combined or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, units or modules, and may be in an electrical or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.
The integrated unit may be stored in a computer-readable nonvolatile storage medium if it is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a separate product. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, which is substantially or partly contributed by the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution may be embodied in a software product, which is stored in a non-volatile storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to perform all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned nonvolatile storage medium includes: a U-disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a removable hard disk, a magnetic or optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for controlling frequency response of a frequency locker, comprising:
determining whether a predetermined phase angle jump occurs in an error signal and a quadrature signal when an input signal frequency of a photovoltaic system changes and passes a resonant frequency, wherein the error signal is in the same phase as the quadrature signal when the input signal frequency is below the resonant frequency and the error signal is in the opposite phase as the quadrature signal when the input signal frequency is above the resonant frequency;
calculating the product of the error signal and the orthogonal signal to obtain a frequency error variable;
performing frequency response control on a frequency locker in the photovoltaic system according to the frequency error variable, wherein the frequency error variable is used as a feedback input signal of the frequency locker to perform frequency response control on the frequency locker;
wherein a transfer function of the input signal and the error signal is represented as:
2. the method of claim 1,
detecting the current state of the frequency locker when the photovoltaic system works in a resonance mode, wherein the frequency locker is in a capture state under the condition of steady-state operation, the frequency change rate of the frequency locker in the capture state is equal to zero, and the frequency of an input signal is equal to the frequency of an output signal;
if the frequency locker is detected to be in the capture state, determining the active-frequency static characteristic of a photovoltaic inverter of the photovoltaic system, wherein the active-frequency static characteristic is determined based on the primary frequency modulation functions of a hydroelectric generating set and a thermal generating set of the photovoltaic system;
performing active power-frequency regulation on the frequency locker based on the active-frequency static characteristic to obtain a frequency error instruction;
and outputting the frequency error instruction to feed back to the photovoltaic system.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining an active-frequency droop characteristic of a photovoltaic inverter of the photovoltaic system, wherein the active-frequency droop characteristic is calculated by the formula P = P 0 -k(f-f H )P N (ii) a Wherein, P 0 The initial power value of the photovoltaic inverter; k is an adjustment coefficient, 1/Hz; f is the response frequency of the photovoltaic inverter, f H Is a frequency response threshold of the photovoltaic inverter; p is N The rated power of the photovoltaic inverter;
and when the initial power value is larger than the frequency response threshold value, controlling the photovoltaic inverter to adjust the output based on the active-frequency droop characteristic and participate in power grid frequency regulation.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
establishing a simulation model of photovoltaic inverters of the photovoltaic system, wherein a rated phase voltage of an alternating current bus of the simulation model is a first voltage value, the simulation model comprises at least two groups of loads, a first group of loads and a second group of loads in the at least two groups of loads are predetermined, the simulation model comprises a plurality of photovoltaic inverters, a first photovoltaic inverter in the plurality of photovoltaic inverters operates in a maximum power tracking mode, and a second photovoltaic inverter in the plurality of photovoltaic inverters operates in a droop control mode.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting whether a primary frequency modulation dead zone of a photovoltaic inverter of the photovoltaic system is a target frequency modulation dead zone, wherein the photovoltaic inverter in the target frequency modulation dead zone does not need to trigger primary frequency modulation;
if so, determining a first adjustment coefficient, a second modulation coefficient, a frequency modulation active upper limit value and a frequency modulation active lower limit coefficient value of the photovoltaic inverter;
and determining the output power value of the photovoltaic inverter based on the first adjustment coefficient, the second modulation coefficient, the frequency modulation active upper limit value and the frequency modulation active lower limit coefficient value.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting a frequency error value of the photovoltaic system using the frequency locker, wherein the frequency locker comprises: improving a second-order generalized integral frequency locker;
feeding back the frequency error value to a photovoltaic inverter of the photovoltaic system, wherein the photovoltaic inverter responds to control the photovoltaic system based on the frequency error value.
7. A frequency response control apparatus for a frequency locker, comprising:
the device comprises a determining module, a phase adjusting module and a phase adjusting module, wherein the determining module is used for determining whether a preset phase angle jump occurs to an error signal and a quadrature signal when the frequency of an input signal of the photovoltaic system changes and passes through a resonance frequency, the phase of the error signal is the same as that of the quadrature signal when the frequency of the input signal is lower than the resonance frequency, and the phase of the error signal is opposite to that of the quadrature signal when the frequency of the input signal is higher than the resonance frequency;
the calculation module is used for calculating the product of the error signal and the orthogonal signal to obtain a frequency error variable;
the control module is used for carrying out frequency response control on a frequency locker in the photovoltaic system according to the frequency error variable, wherein the frequency error variable is used as a feedback input signal of the frequency locker so as to carry out frequency response control on the frequency locker; wherein a transfer function of the input signal and the error signal is represented as:
8. a non-volatile storage medium having stored thereon a plurality of instructions adapted to be loaded by a processor and to perform the frequency response control method of a frequency locker of any one of claims 1 to 6.
9. A processor arranged to run a program, wherein the program is arranged to perform the method of frequency response control of a frequency locker of any of claims 1 to 6 when executed.
10. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory has stored therein a computer program, and the processor is configured to execute the computer program to perform the frequency response control method of the frequency locker of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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