CN113031150A - Hollow polarization maintaining optical fiber with core region having arc-shaped symmetrical thin-wall asymmetric structure - Google Patents
Hollow polarization maintaining optical fiber with core region having arc-shaped symmetrical thin-wall asymmetric structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN113031150A CN113031150A CN202110295029.7A CN202110295029A CN113031150A CN 113031150 A CN113031150 A CN 113031150A CN 202110295029 A CN202110295029 A CN 202110295029A CN 113031150 A CN113031150 A CN 113031150A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/024—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with polarisation maintaining properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/023—Microstructured optical fibre having different index layers arranged around the core for guiding light by reflection, i.e. 1D crystal, e.g. omniguide
- G02B6/02304—Core having lower refractive index than cladding, e.g. air filled, hollow core
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02319—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by core or core-cladding interface features
- G02B6/02333—Core having higher refractive index than cladding, e.g. solid core, effective index guiding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02385—Comprising liquid, e.g. fluid filled holes
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hollow polarization maintaining optical fiber with an arc-shaped symmetrical thin-wall asymmetric structure in a core region, and belongs to the technical field of optical waveguides. The fiber cladding has a periodically arranged small hole structure, and two arc-shaped symmetrical thin walls are introduced into the fiber core in the vertical direction, so that the original quadruple geometric symmetry is broken, and high birefringence is generated. Because of the effect of anti-resonance and band gap effect, the loss of one polarization mode is far lower than that of the other polarization mode, and the polarization maintaining characteristic is realized by adjusting the thickness and position of the thin wall. Compared with the existing hollow-core polarization-maintaining photonic band gap fiber, the optical fiber has higher birefringence and lower limiting loss compared with the existing hollow-core polarization-maintaining antiresonant fiber. The method has great application value in the fields of interference sensing, laser systems, optical communication and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical communication and laser photoelectron, and particularly relates to a hollow polarization-maintaining optical fiber with high birefringence.
Background
In recent years, polarization maintaining optical fibers have increasingly played a role in the fields of internet, laser systems, sensing systems, industrial processing, medical treatment and the like, but the traditional polarization maintaining optical fibers relying on a total reflection light guide mechanism are limited by intrinsic defects in the aspects of dispersion, nonlinearity, material absorption and the like of stress elements and core high-refractive-index materials, and have many application disadvantages compared with hollow optical fibers. The introduction of high birefringence through microstructure design, hollow polarization maintaining fibers are showing an increasingly vigorous development momentum.
The patent of china, application No. 201810831581.1 of beijing aerospace university, panbin, 2018, discloses an isolated anti-resonance layer-based hollow-core photonic band-gap fiber, wherein the isolated anti-resonance layer is introduced into a 19-cell hollow-core photonic band-gap fiber core, and the anti-resonance and photonic band-gap effects are utilized to inhibit diffusion and reduce transmission loss, but the fiber core of the isolation layer still has six-fold symmetry, and birefringence is introduced to reduce the fiber core symmetry without changing the shape of the fiber core to realize polarization-preserving performance. The reported hollow-core polarization-maintaining optical fiber is mainly divided into two structures, one is a polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic band gap optical fiber, and the other is a polarization-maintaining hollow-core anti-resonant optical fiber. Hongbo Cai et al, Shanghai Optical mechanical institute of Chinese academy of sciences in 2020, an article entitled Thin-diameter polarization main waveguide Fiber for Fiber Optical cladding at volume 2 of the journal of Optical Fiber Technology, and discloses an elliptical core polarization-maintaining photonic bandgap Fiber with 4-cell and 9-cell core, which uses the elliptical photonic bandgap Fiber core to reduce the symmetry of the core and introduce birefringence to realize the polarization-maintaining function, but does not introduce other structural designs to the inner wall of the core to further improve the polarization-maintaining performance. Bright bright and translucent et al of river-south university in 2020 discloses a polarization-maintaining hollow anti-resonance optical fiber in Chinese patent application number 202010425227.6, which is characterized in that birefringence is introduced for polarization maintenance through modification of wall thickness difference of original four negative curvature anti-resonance layers in an anti-resonance optical fiber core, and the birefringence is only 10-4Magnitude, polarization maintaining performance is not high, and the reason is thatThe bending application loss of the hollow anti-resonance optical fiber is rapidly increased, and the practical application is difficult to realize.
The core region of the hollow polarization-maintaining fiber with the arc-shaped symmetrical thin-wall asymmetric structure is provided with the asymmetric structure of the arc-shaped symmetrical thin wall respectively added on the upper wall and the lower wall of the core region in the photonic band gap cladding, so that the symmetry of the core structure is effectively reduced, the introduced birefringence is high, and good polarization-maintaining performance can be realized. The structure has birefringence up to 10-3In order of magnitude, few reports are reported about hollow-core optical fibers with birefringence reaching the magnitude.
The core region of the hollow polarization-maintaining optical fiber with the arc-shaped symmetrical thin-wall asymmetric structure has the advantages that the double refraction is caused by the asymmetry of the introduced structure of the core region in the photonic band gap cladding, the sensitivity to bending, temperature, magnetic field, radiation and the like is low, the hollow polarization-maintaining optical fiber can be widely applied to various fields, and the application requirements of miniaturization, strong environmental adaptability and the like can be met.
The core region of the polarization maintaining optical fiber has the hollow polarization maintaining optical fiber with an arc-shaped symmetrical thin-wall asymmetric structure, and simultaneously has the excellent characteristics of low transmission loss and the like. The method has an important promotion effect on the application and the technical development of the hollow polarization maintaining optical fiber.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems of low birefringence of the polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic band gap fiber, high transmission loss of the polarization-maintaining hollow-core anti-resonant fiber in bending application and the like, the invention provides the following technical solutions:
a core area has symmetric thin wall asymmetric structural hollow polarization maintaining fiber of arc, its structure is made up of core area and clad area; in a plane rectangular coordinate system established by taking a structure center as an origin, regular hexagonal small holes formed by high-refractive-index matrix materials such as high-purity quartz glass, soft glass or polymer and the like are arranged in rows along the X-axis direction and then are arranged in a plurality of rows along the Y-axis direction to form a cladding region formed by uniformly arranging the regular hexagonal small holes in a space tight-joint regular triangle manner, the regular hexagonal small holes at the origin of the coordinate axis and the first ring of 6 regular hexagonal small holes in tight joint around the regular hexagonal small holes are removed, and the protruding part of the second ring of regular hexagonal small holes towards the origin is removed to form a core region similar to a circle; the core region is added with two negative curvature arc symmetrical thin walls formed by high-refractive-index matrix materials such as high-purity quartz glass, soft glass or polymer and the like, the negative curvature arc symmetrical thin walls formed by the high-refractive-index matrix materials are part of an ellipse, the negative curvature arc symmetrical thin walls formed by the two high-refractive-index matrix materials are symmetrically inscribed on the inner wall of the core region by taking an X axis as symmetry, and high birefringence is introduced through an asymmetric structure of the arc symmetrical thin walls in the fiber core; the regular hexagonal small holes and the core area are air, vacuum, gas or liquid.
The diameter of the regular hexagonal small hole formed by the high-refractive-index matrix material in the cladding region is the diameter of an inscribed circle of the regular hexagonal small hole, the regular hexagonal small hole is in the shape of an internal rounded external hexagon, and the diameter d of a fillet1The ratio of the diameter D of the regular hexagonal hole to the diameter D of the regular hexagonal hole is 0.4 to 0.6.
The central distance Lambda between adjacent hexagonal small holes formed by the high-refractive-index matrix material in the cladding region is 4.1-4.6 micrometers.
The ratio of the diameter D of the regular hexagonal small hole formed by the high-refractive-index matrix material in the cladding region to the center distance Lambda of the adjacent regular hexagonal small holes is 0.96-0.98.
The negative curvature arc symmetric thin wall formed by the two high-refractive-index matrix materials of the core area is a part of an ellipse, the major axis a of the ellipse is 10-12 mu m, and the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the ellipse is 5-10.
The thickness t of the negative curvature arc-shaped symmetrical thin wall formed by the two high-refractive-index matrix materials of the core area is 0.2-0.7 mu m.
The nearest distance between the two high-refractive-index matrix materials of the core region in the Y-axis direction of the arc-shaped symmetrical thin wall with negative curvature is 3.5-4.5 mu m.
The application provides a hollow polarization maintaining optical fiber with a core region having an arc-shaped symmetrical thin-wall asymmetric structure, and the arc-shaped thin wall in the fiber core not only reduces the structural symmetry, improves the birefringence, can realize high polarization maintaining performance, but also enhances the limitation on light and reduces the transmission loss. Meanwhile, the band gap structure of the cladding can effectively reduce the confinement loss, and is particularly advantageous in bending application. The hollow polarization maintaining optical fiber with excellent transmission performance has great significance in the fields of laser transmission, optical communication and sensing, in particular to the application of an optical fiber gyroscope.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an end face structure of a hollow polarization maintaining fiber with a core region having an arc-shaped symmetrical thin-wall asymmetric structure.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the birefringence of an optical fiber and the wall thickness of an arc-shaped symmetric thin wall according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the birefringence of an optical fiber and the curvature of an arc-symmetric thin-wall according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the birefringence of an optical fiber and the wall thickness of an arc-shaped symmetric thin wall according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals
1-core region, 2-regular hexagonal small hole, 3-negative curvature arc symmetric thin wall formed by high refractive index matrix material, 4-high refractive index matrix material, and 5-cladding region.
Detailed Description
To describe the present invention in more detail, the present invention will be further explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The specific embodiments described herein are illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope thereof.
The first embodiment is as follows:
fig. 1 is a schematic end view of a hollow polarization maintaining fiber with a core region having an arc-shaped symmetric thin-wall asymmetric structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Comprises a high-refractive-index matrix material 4, a regular hexagonal small hole 2 formed by the high-refractive-index matrix material 4, a negative-curvature arc-shaped symmetrical thin wall 3 formed by the high-refractive-index matrix material 4, a core region 1 and a cladding region 5. The high-refractive-index matrix material 4 is high-purity silica glass, and the refractive index n of the high-purity silica glass is 1.444. In a plane rectangular coordinate system established by taking the structure center as an origin, the cladding region 5 is formed by arranging regular hexagonal small holes 2 formed by high-refractive index matrix materials 4 in rows along the X-axis direction and then arranging the regular hexagonal small holes in a plurality of rows along the Y-axis direction to form the cladding region 5 formed by uniformly arranging the regular hexagonal small holes 2 in a space tight-joint regular triangle manner, removing the regular hexagonal small holes 2 positioned at the origin of the coordinate axis and the first circle of 6 regular hexagonal small holes 2 in tight joint around the regular hexagonal small holes 2, and removing the protruding part of the second circle of regular hexagonal small holes 2 towards the origin to form an approximately circular core region 1; the core region 1 is added with a negative curvature arc symmetrical thin wall 3 formed by two high-refractive-index matrix materials 4, the negative curvature arc symmetrical thin wall 3 formed by the high-refractive-index matrix materials 4 is a part of an ellipse, the negative curvature arc symmetrical thin wall 3 formed by the two high-refractive-index matrix materials 4 is symmetrically inscribed on the inner wall of the core region 1 by taking an X axis as a symmetry, and high birefringence is introduced through an asymmetrical structure of the negative curvature arc symmetrical thin wall 3 in the fiber core; the regular hexagonal holes 2 and the core region 1 are filled with air.
The diameter of the regular hexagonal small hole 2 formed by the high-refractive-index matrix material 4 in the cladding region 5 is the diameter of an inscribed circle of the regular hexagonal small hole 2, the regular hexagonal small hole 2 is in the shape of an internal rounded external hexagon, and the radius curvature diameter d of a fillet1＝1.9μm，d1The ratio to the diameter D of the regular hexagonal holes 2 was 0.47.
The center-to-center distance Λ between adjacent hexagonal holes 2 formed by the high refractive index matrix material 4 in the cladding region 5 is 4.15 μm.
The ratio of the diameter D of the regular hexagonal small holes 2 formed by the high refractive index matrix material 4 in the cladding region 5 to the center distance Lambda of the adjacent regular hexagonal small holes 2 is 0.975.
The core region 1 is a part of an ellipse of a negative curvature arc symmetric thin wall 3 formed by two high refractive index matrix materials 4, the major axis a of the ellipse is 10-11 μm, and the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the ellipse is 5-10.
The thickness t of the negative curvature arc symmetrical thin wall 3 formed by the two high-refractive-index matrix materials 4 of the core region 1 is 0.55 mu m.
The nearest distance between the negative curvature arc symmetric thin walls 3 formed by the two high-refractive-index matrix materials 4 of the core region 1 in the Y-axis direction is 3.5-4.5 mu m.
The radius curvature diameter d of the regular hexagonal small hole outside the fiber core wall in the core region 120.83 μm, core wall fillet diameter d33.94 μm, and the core wall normalized thickness T0.5.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the birefringence and the wall thickness of a negative-curvature arc-symmetric thin wall according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The transmitted light wavelength is 1550nm, and when the thickness t of the negative curvature arc symmetric thin wall is about 0.55 μm, the maximum transmission wavelength can be obtainedHigh birefringence value of 3.5X 10-3Magnitude.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the birefringence value of the optical fiber and the curvature of the negative-curvature arc-symmetric thin-wall according to the first embodiment of the present invention. With the increase of the curvature k of the negative-curvature arc-shaped symmetrical thin wall, the birefringence value is increased at first; when the curvature k of the arc-symmetric thin wall with the negative curvature reaches about 0.15, the birefringence value has a peak value which is 3.4 multiplied by 10-3(ii) a As the curvature k of the negative-curvature arc-shaped symmetrical thin wall continues to increase, the change of the birefringence value tends to be smooth when the value reaches the vicinity of 0.22; if the curvature k of the negative-curvature arc-shaped symmetrical thin-wall is further increased, the light-conducting area of the fiber core is sharply reduced, and the transmission of light in the hollow core cannot be well limited.
Example two:
the schematic diagram of the fiber end face of the second embodiment of the present invention is still shown in the figure one, but the structural parameters are different from those of the first embodiment.
The diameter of the regular hexagonal small hole 2 formed by the high-refractive-index matrix material 4 in the cladding region 5 is the diameter of an inscribed circle of the regular hexagonal small hole 2, the regular hexagonal small hole 2 is in the shape of an internal rounded external hexagon, and the radius curvature diameter d of a fillet1＝2.12μm，d1The ratio to the diameter D of the regular hexagonal hole 2 was 0.46.
The center-to-center distance Λ between adjacent hexagonal holes 2 formed by the high refractive index matrix material 4 in the cladding region 5 is 4.6 μm.
The ratio of the diameter D of the regular hexagonal small holes 2 formed by the high refractive index matrix material 4 in the cladding region 5 to the center pitch Lambda of the adjacent regular hexagonal small holes 2 is 0.98.
The core region 1 is a part of an ellipse of a negative curvature arc symmetric thin wall 3 formed by two high-refractive-index matrix materials 4, the major axis a of the ellipse is 11-12 μm, and the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the ellipse is 4-5.
The thickness t of the negative curvature arc symmetrical thin wall 3 formed by the two high-refractive-index matrix materials 4 of the core region 1 is 0.57 mu m.
The nearest distance between the negative curvature arc symmetric thin walls 3 formed by the two high-refractive-index matrix materials 4 of the core region 1 in the Y-axis direction is 3.5-4.5 mu m.
Core wall in the core region 1Fillet curvature diameter d of external regular hexagon small hole21.49 μm, core wall fillet diameter d34.28 μm, and a core wall normalized thickness T of 0.5.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the birefringence and the wall thickness of a negative-curvature arc-symmetric thin wall in a second embodiment of the present invention. The transmitted light wavelength is 1550nm, and when the thickness t of the negative curvature arc symmetric thin wall is about 0.57 μm, the highest birefringence value can be obtained, which is 3.6 × 10-3Magnitude.
It will be understood that modifications and variations are possible to those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A core area has asymmetric structural hollow polarization-maintaining fiber of thin wall of the arc symmetry, it is made up of core area and cladding area, in the level rectangular coordinate system that is set up with the structural center as the origin, the regular hexagonal aperture formed by high refractive index matrix material is lined up in the direction of X-axis, and then arrange many rows along the direction of Y-axis, form the cladding area that the regular hexagonal aperture seals the regular triangle and arranges the way and make up closely according to the space, remove the regular hexagonal aperture located in origin of coordinate axis and seal closely connect 6 regular hexagonal apertures of first circle around it, and remove the second circle of regular hexagonal apertures to the bulge of the direction of origin, form the core area similar to the circular, characterized by that: the regular hexagonal small holes formed by the high-refractive-index matrix material are in an internal-rounded external-hexagonal shape, the diameter of each regular hexagonal small hole is the diameter of an internal tangent circle of each regular hexagonal small hole, the ratio of the diameter of a fillet of each regular hexagonal small hole to the diameter of each regular hexagonal small hole is 0.4-0.6, the center distance between every two adjacent regular hexagonal small holes is 4.1-4.6 mu m, and the ratio of the diameter of each regular hexagonal small hole to the center distance between every two adjacent regular hexagonal small holes is 0.96-0.98; the cladding region is formed by removing the regular hexagonal small holes positioned at the origin of the coordinate axis from the core region and the part with 5-7 layers of residual turns after the first turn of 6 regular hexagonal small holes are tightly connected around the regular hexagonal small holes; the core area is added with two negative curvature arc symmetrical thin walls formed by high-refractive-index matrix materials, the negative curvature arc symmetrical thin walls formed by the high-refractive-index matrix materials are part of an ellipse, the long axis of the ellipse is 10-12 mu m, the ratio of the long axis to the short axis of the ellipse is 5-10, the thickness of the negative curvature arc symmetrical thin walls formed by the high-refractive-index matrix materials is 0.2-0.7 mu m, the negative curvature arc symmetrical thin walls formed by the two high-refractive-index matrix materials are symmetrically inscribed on the inner wall of the core area by taking the X axis as the symmetry, and the nearest distance between the two negative curvature arc symmetrical thin walls formed by the high-refractive-index matrix materials in the Y axis direction is 3..
2. The hollow-core polarization-maintaining fiber with the core region having the arc-shaped symmetrical thin-wall asymmetrical structure of claim 1, wherein: the high-refractive-index matrix material is high-purity quartz glass, soft glass or polymer.
3. The hollow-core polarization-maintaining fiber with the core region having the arc-shaped symmetrical thin-wall asymmetrical structure of claim 1, wherein: the regular hexagonal small holes and the core area are air, vacuum, gas or liquid.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114721084A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-07-08 | 南开大学 | High-performance hollow-core photonic crystal fiber based on mixed cladding |
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| CN111257992A (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2020-06-09 | 北京交通大学 | Hollow anti-resonance optical fiber with core shift structure |
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| WO2004001461A1 (en) * | 2002-06-19 | 2003-12-31 | Crystal Fibre A/S | Improvements in and relating to microstructured optical fibres |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114721084A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-07-08 | 南开大学 | High-performance hollow-core photonic crystal fiber based on mixed cladding |
| CN114721084B (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2023-11-14 | 南开大学 | High-performance hollow photonic crystal fiber based on mixed cladding |
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