CN113039322B - 合成皮革制品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
合成皮革制品及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113039322B CN113039322B CN201880099454.5A CN201880099454A CN113039322B CN 113039322 B CN113039322 B CN 113039322B CN 201880099454 A CN201880099454 A CN 201880099454A CN 113039322 B CN113039322 B CN 113039322B
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- isocyanate
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- prepolymer
- polyol
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- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 45
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 39
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- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
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- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- LFSYUSUFCBOHGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanato-2-[(4-isocyanatophenyl)methyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1N=C=O LFSYUSUFCBOHGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical class C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012644 addition polymerization Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229920003015 aliphatic polyurethane dispersion Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- JVYDLYGCSIHCMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butanoic acid Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)C(O)=O JVYDLYGCSIHCMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
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- XXKOQQBKBHUATC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylmethylcyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1CC1CCCCC1 XXKOQQBKBHUATC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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Abstract
提供了一种合成皮革制品,所述合成皮革制品包括源自外部乳化的PUD的顶部涂层和2K非溶剂PU泡沫。所述皮革制品表现出高抗脱层性,同时保留了与源自基于有机溶剂的PU的皮革制品相当的优异机械性能和外观。还提供了一种用于制备合成皮革制品的方法。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及一种合成皮革制品及其制备方法,具体地基于2K非溶剂聚氨酯基质和安置在其上的外部稳定的聚氨酯表层的组合的多层合成皮革制品。
背景技术
合成皮革在人们的日常生活中得到了广泛的应用,从衣服、鞋类、袋子和行李箱、家庭装饰品到汽车座椅。合成皮革提供了与天然皮革类似的性能和手感,具有更好的成本优势。合成皮革是通过将聚合物涂覆在织物基材上或将聚合物浸渍到织物基材中制造的,并且最常用的聚合物是聚氨酯。传统工艺是用聚氨酯树脂在挥发性有机溶剂,如二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、甲基乙基酮(MEK)和甲苯中的溶液进行的。PU的多孔结构是通过将经涂覆的或经浸渍的织物基材引入到水浴中,以受控的方式沉淀PU聚合物链产生的。这种多孔结构对合成皮革赋予与天然皮革类似的手感是非常关键且必不可少的。然而,挥发性有机溶剂对于工厂操作工、消费者和环境而言都是非常有害的。因此,合成皮革工业被推向无溶剂制造工艺,以使PU合成皮革制造中挥发性有机溶剂的使用最小化。
水性聚氨酯分散体(PUD)是PU溶液在如DMF等挥发性有机溶剂中的绿色替代物。已经证明能够在干法工艺(即,没有水浴)中替换PU在DMF溶剂中的溶液。干法工艺是将PUD施涂到织物上,并且去除水或其它溶剂(例如,通过蒸发)以在织物上形成PU膜的技术。无孔表层和多孔泡沫层两者均可以通过干法工艺由PUD形成。泡沫结构通常是通过首先将气泡发泡到PUD中、将发泡的分散体施涂到纺织品上并且然后干燥而产生的。泡沫层的厚度大体上是无孔表层的6到10倍,因此,由于从发泡的PUD去除水所消耗的另外的能量,因此制备泡沫层的干法工艺被认为是昂贵的。这种过高的能量消耗抑制了PUD泡沫层的采用。非溶剂双组分聚氨酯(2k PU)复合材料被认为是具有成本效益的替代性技术。然而,由于两个原因,难以采用2k PU复合材料作为无孔表层。首先,对于调配操作(例如,用于添加着色剂和其它添加剂),表层应具有相当长的操作时间,这远远超出2k PU复合材料的适用期。调配操作对于满足不同的风格和外观要求至关重要。相比之下,PUD具有数小时的开放时间,使得调配工作变得容易。至于第二,从一个批次的表层到另一个批次的移位在制造中是频繁的,在批次之间移位经调配的表层糊剂比泡沫层材料更频繁。对于2k PU复合材料而言,在批次之间移位期间清洗容器、叶片和辊是非常困难的,要求使用挥发性有机溶剂。相反,PUD易于清洗,其可以方便地用水冲洗。已经做出了很大努力来开发包括PUD表层和非溶剂2k PU泡沫层的生态混合解决方案(Eco Hybrid solution),其中PUD表层提供了包含图案、颜色、光泽度和耐磨性的另外的特征。然而,由于所有先前的研究都是基于可商购获得的通过内部乳化剂乳化的PUD,因此尚不能实现所描述的生态工艺,并且发现经干燥的PUD表层与固化的2k PU泡沫层之间的界面粘附性非常低。在极端情况下,在将PUD表层和固化的2k PU泡沫层保持在一起时,离型纸无法与表层分离。因此,如何解决上述问题以实现生态工艺仍然是合成皮革工业中的一大挑战。此外,迄今为止已知外部乳化的PUD作为用于制备PU基质的候选材料,但是还没有关于在生态工艺中将外部乳化的PUD用于表层的报道。
经过不断的探索,令人惊讶地发现,由外部乳化剂乳化的PUD可以充当表层以提供与非溶剂2k PU泡沫层的强大的界面粘附性。本发明记录以下发现:使用外部乳化的PUD作为表层与非溶剂2k PU泡沫层,以制备合成皮革作为成本效益的生态混合解决方案。此外,本公开的合成皮革表现出与源自基于有机溶剂的PUD的皮革相当的优异机械性能和外观。
发明内容
本公开提供了一种在表层与发泡基质之间具有优异剥离强度的新型合成皮革制品。
在本公开的第一方面,本公开提供了一种合成皮革制品,其从上到下包括:
(A)顶部涂层,所述顶部涂层源自外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体,其中所述外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体包括一种或多种外部乳化剂和第一外部乳化的聚氨酯,所述第一外部乳化的聚氨酯至少衍生自(Ai)一种或多种包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的第一异氰酸酯组分和(Aii)一种或多种包括至少两个异氰酸酯反应性基团的第一异氰酸酯反应性组分,其中所述外部乳化剂或所述外部乳化剂的残基不与所述第一聚氨酯的主链共价连接;
(B)聚氨酯泡沫层,所述聚氨酯泡沫层包括第二发泡聚氨酯,所述第二发泡聚氨酯衍生自无溶剂体系,所述无溶剂体系包括(Bi)一种或多种包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的第二异氰酸酯组分、(Bii)一种或多种包括至少两个异氰酸酯反应性基团的第二异氰酸酯反应性组分和(Biii)一种或多种发泡剂;以及
(C)背衬基材。
根据本公开的优选实施例,所述外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体中的所述第一外部乳化的聚氨酯不包括与所述预聚物的主链共价连接的阳离子或阴离子亲水性侧基或可以转化成所述阳离子或阴离子亲水性侧基的基团。
在本公开的第二方面,本公开提供了一种用于生产根据第一方面所述的合成皮革制品的方法,所述方法包括:
(1)提供包括所述第一聚氨酯的颗粒的第一外部乳化的分散体,并且将所述第一分散体施涂到释放层上,以便在所述释放层上形成所述顶部涂层;
(2)将所述无溶剂体系施涂到所述顶部涂层的与所述释放层相反的一侧上,然后加热所述无溶剂体系并使其发泡以在所述顶部涂层上形成粘性聚氨酯泡沫层;
(3)将所述背衬基材施涂到所述聚氨酯泡沫层的与所述顶部涂层相反的一侧上,然后加热以进行聚氨酯泡沫层的完全固化。
在本公开的第三方面,本公开提供了一种外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体作为在2K非溶剂PU泡沫上并与其直接接触的顶部涂层的用途。
本文公开的合成皮革制品是成本效益的,包括最小量的有害挥发性有机溶剂,表现出优异的抗脱层性,并且可在如汽车、鞋类、纺织品、服装、家具等应用中用作合成皮革。
应当理解,前述一般性描述和以下详细描述都仅是示例性和解释性的,并且不限制所要求保护的本发明。
附图说明
图1是本文所述的合成皮革制品的一个实施例的横截面的示意图。
图2是用于制备本文所述的合成皮革制品的工艺的实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
除非另外定义,否则本文所使用的所有技术术语和科学术语具有与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常所理解的含义相同的含义。而且,本文提及的所有出版物、专利申请、专利和其它参考文献均通过引用并入本文。
如本文所公开的,术语“组合物”、“调配物”或“混合物”是指不同组分的物理共混物,其是通过用物理手段简单地混合不同组分获得的。
如本文所公开的,“和/或”意指“和、或作为替代方案”。除非另外指示,否则所有范围均包含端点。
如本文所公开的,多层结构的粘附强度或剥离强度是指多层结构的任何两个相邻层之间的层间粘附强度或剥离强度。
图1是本文所述的合成皮革制品的一个实施例的横截面的示意图。在本公开的这个实施例中,合成皮革制品从上到下包括由外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体(外部乳化的PUD)、2K非溶剂PU泡沫层和背衬基材(例如,织物)形成的顶部涂层。请注意,所有附图中的皮革制品不一定以实际比例示出,并且一层或多层的尺寸可能被夸大以使得清楚地示出所述皮革制品的配置。
用于制备本文所述的合成皮革制品的方法主要包括以下步骤:
提供包括外部乳化的聚氨酯的颗粒的第一外部乳化的分散体,将第一分散体施涂到释放层上,并且加热/干燥第一分散体的涂层,以便在释放层上形成顶部涂层;
将2K非溶剂PU泡沫的两部分原材料施涂到顶部涂层的与释放层相反的一侧上,随后使两部分原材料体系固化并发泡,以便在顶部涂层上形成聚氨酯泡沫;
将背衬基材施涂到聚氨酯泡沫层的与释放层相反的一侧上;加热以完全固化,以及
任选地,去除释放层。
根据本公开的实施例,第一异氰酸酯组分(Ai)和第二异氰酸酯组分(Bi)独立地选自由以下组成的组:
a)包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的C4-C12脂肪族聚异氰酸酯、包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的C6-C15脂环族或芳香族聚异氰酸酯、包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的C7-C15芳脂族聚异氰酸酯和其组合;以及
b)通过使a)的一种或多种聚异氰酸酯与选自由以下组成的组的一种或多种异氰酸酯反应性组分反应来制备的异氰酸酯预聚物:包括至少两个羟基的C2-C16脂肪族多元醇、包括至少两个羟基的C6-C15脂环族或芳香族多元醇、包括至少两个羟基的C7-C15芳脂族多元醇、分子量为500到5,000的聚酯多元醇、分子量为200到5,000的聚碳酸酯二醇、分子量为200到5,000的聚醚二醇、包括至少两个氨基的C2到C10聚胺、包括至少两个硫醇基的C2到C10聚硫醇、包括至少一个羟基和至少一个氨基的C2-C10烷醇胺和其组合,条件是所述异氰酸酯预聚物包括两个或更多个自由的异氰酸酯基团;并且
所述第一异氰酸酯反应性组分(Aii)和所述第二异氰酸酯反应性组分(Bii)独立地选自由以下组成的组:包括至少两个羟基的C2-C16脂肪族多元醇、包括至少两个羟基的C6-C15脂环族或芳香族多元醇、包括至少两个羟基的C7-C15芳脂族多元醇、分子量为500到5,000的聚酯多元醇、分子量为200到5,000的聚碳酸酯二醇、分子量为200到5,000的聚醚二醇、C2到C10聚胺、包括至少两个硫醇基的C2到C10聚硫醇、包括至少一个羟基和至少一个氨基的C2-C10烷醇胺和其组合。
释放层
合适的释放层在现有技术中通常被称为“离型纸”。合适的释放层的实例包含金属箔、塑料箔或纸箔。在本公开的一个优选实施例中,释放层是任选地用塑料膜涂覆的纸层。优选地,用聚烯烃,更优选地聚丙烯涂覆本文公开的纸层。可替代地,优选地用硅酮涂覆纸层。在替代性实施例中,本文所使用的释放层是任选地用塑料膜涂覆的PET层。优选地,可以用聚烯烃,更优选地聚丙烯涂覆PET层。可替代地,优选地用硅酮涂覆PET层。合适的释放层的实例是可商购获得的。现有技术中著名的制造商的实例包含宾达(Binda)(意大利)、阿尔若维根斯(Arjo Wiggins)(英国/美国)和琳得科(Lintec)(日本)。本公开中使用的释放层可以具有平坦的、压花的或图案化的表面,使得可以在合成皮革制品的最外表面上形成对应的或互补的表面轮廓。优选地,释放层以皮革纹理的模式纹理化,从而赋予合成皮革制品与高级天然皮革相当的良好触觉性质。释放层的厚度通常为0.001mm到10mm,优选地0.01mm到5mm并且更优选地0.1mm到2mm。
只要释放层能够耐受在制造过程期间经历的化学反应、机械加工和热处理,并且可以容易地从所得到的合成皮革上剥离而不引起顶层与泡沫层之间的分层,就可以适当地调整释放层的材料和厚度。
外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体
通过将外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体(PUD)施涂在释放层上,随后通过例如热处理或减压下蒸发从分散体中去除溶剂来形成顶部涂层,因此顶部涂层基本上由分散在分散体中的聚氨酯颗粒与任何残留的非挥发性添加剂一起形成。根据本公开的一个实施例,PUD可以包括外部乳化的聚氨酯的颗粒、溶剂(优选地是水)、着色剂母料和其它添加剂。
根据一个优选的实施例,外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体是水性的并且基本上不含有意添加到其中的任何有机溶剂。通常,按分散体的总重量计,水性分散体具有至多约1重量%的有机溶剂。优选地,水性分散体具有至多约百万分之2000重量份(ppm),更优选地至多约1000ppm,甚至更优选地至多约500ppm并且最优选地至多痕量的有机溶剂。
如本文所述的表达“外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体”是指包括有限量的内部乳化离子组分并且因此主要依赖于“外部乳化剂”(即,在分散在液体介质中的聚氨酯颗粒内未与主链共价键合的离子或非离子乳化剂,尤其是通过由衍生自异氰酸酯基团与异氰酸酯反应性基团(如羟基)之间的反应的氨基甲酸酯键)的乳化功能以便稳定聚氨酯分散体的聚氨酯分散体。
根据本公开的一个实施例,外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体通过以下步骤来制备:(i)使一种或多种单体的或预聚合的聚异氰酸酯与如上所述的一种或多种具有至少两个异氰酸酯反应性基团的化合物反应以形成包括氨基甲酸酯预聚物链和至少一个自由的异氰酸酯基团,优选地至少两个自由的异氰酸酯基团的预聚物;(ii)在外部乳化剂的存在下将在步骤(i)中获得的预聚物分散在水性溶剂(例如,水)中以形成乳液;以及任选地(iii)进一步将一种或多种具有至少两个异氰酸酯反应性基团的化合物添加到乳液中以与在步骤(ii)中获得的预聚物反应并且形成外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体。根据本公开的一个实施例,在步骤(i)中制备的预聚物不包括任何离子内部乳化剂或与氨基甲酸酯预聚物链共价键合的离子内部乳化剂的残留部分。根据本公开的另一个实施例,在步骤(i)中制备的预聚物中的聚氨酯链不包括任何阳离子或阴离子侧基。根据本公开的另一个实施例,在步骤(i)中制备的预聚物中的聚氨酯链确实包括聚乙二醇基团。
根据本公开的一个实施例,在步骤(i)中使用的具有至少两个异氰酸酯反应性基团的化合物是二醇,并且在步骤(iii)中使用的具有至少两个异氰酸酯反应性基团的化合物是包括至少一个羟基和至少一个氨基的C2-C10烷醇胺。
“阴离子内部乳化组分”或“阳离子内部乳化组分”通常用于商业PUD中并且是指包括至少一个异氰酸酯基团或异氰酸酯反应性基团和至少一个离子亲水性基团或可以转化成离子亲水性基团(即,潜在亲水性基团)的至少一个基团的可共聚的共聚单体。当存在时,离子内部乳化组分可以与原材料的异氰酸酯基团或异氰酸酯反应性基团反应,从而将与聚氨酯聚合物的主链连接的离子亲水性侧基结合到分散在PUD内的颗粒中。内部乳化组分中的(潜在)亲水性基团是离子或(潜在)离子亲水性基团。离子亲水性基团包括阴离子基团,如呈其碱金属盐或铵盐形式的磺酸盐、羧酸盐和磷酸盐;以及阳离子基团,如铵基团,尤其是质子化叔氨基或季铵基团。潜在离子亲水性基团包括可以通过简单的中和、水解或季铵化反应转化成上述离子亲水性基团(例如,羧酸基团、酸酐基团或叔氨基)的那些基团。(潜在)阳离子内部乳化剂优选地包括具有叔氨基的可共聚单体,例如:三(羟烷基)胺、N,N'-双(羟烷基)-烷基胺、N-羟烷基二烷基胺、三(氨基烷基)胺、N,N'-双(氨基烷基)烷基胺、N-氨基烷基二烷基胺,其中这些叔胺的烷基和烷二基单元独立地包括1到6个碳原子。这些叔胺用酸,优选地强无机酸,如磷酸、硫酸、氢卤酸或强有机酸,或者通过与合适的季铵化剂,如C1到C6烷基卤化物或苄基卤化物,例如溴化物或氯化物反应而转化成铵盐。具有(潜在)阴离子基团的内部乳化剂优选地包含脂肪族、脂环族、芳脂族或芳香族羧酸、碳酸和磺酸,其带有至少一个醇羟基或至少一个伯氨基或仲氨基。优选的是具有3到10个碳原子的二羟基烷基羧酸,如二羟基甲基丙酸(DMPA)、二羟甲基丁酸(DMBA)、二羟基磺酸、二羟基膦酸(如2,3-二羟基丙烷膦酸)。如果存在具有潜在离子基团的内部乳化剂,则其可以在异氰酸酯加成聚合之前、在异氰酸酯加成聚合期间、但优选地在异氰酸酯加成聚合之后转化成离子形式。磺酸根或羧酸根基团特别优选地以其与作为抗衡离子的碱金属离子或铵离子的盐的形式存在。
根据现有技术的知识,用于制备内部乳化的PUD的典型工艺包括以下步骤:(i)使单体异氰酸酯或单体异氰酸酯的预聚物与多元醇和具有至少一个异氰酸酯反应性基团的阳离子或阴离子前体(例如,上述离子内部乳化剂)反应以形成包括与PU链连接的阳离子或阴离子亲水性侧基的PUD预聚物;(ii)任选地在这个步骤中在外部乳化剂的辅助下,将PUD预聚物分散到水性溶剂(例如,水)中,其中与PU链连接的阳离子或阴离子亲水性基团作为主乳化剂;以及任选地(iii)使乳液与另外的扩链剂反应以形成离子内部乳化的聚氨酯分散体。可以清楚地看到,本公开中使用的外部乳化的PUD与现有技术中的离子内部乳化的PUD在制备工艺和所得到的聚氨酯颗粒的组成方面完全不同。
在本公开的一个实施例中,在制备外部乳化的PUD期间不添加上述离子内部乳化组分(乳化剂)。在本公开的优选实施例中,外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体在分散在外部乳化的PUD中的聚氨酯预聚物颗粒的主链中不含阴离子或阳离子盐基团。
在本申请的一个实施例中,顶部涂层的干厚度为0.01到500μm,优选地0.01到150μm,更优选地0.01到100μm。分散在外部乳化的PUD中的PU颗粒的粒度为20nm到5,000nm,更优选地50nm到2,000nm并且更优选地50nm到1,000nm。
根据本申请的一个实施例,外部乳化的PUD中的聚氨酯是通过使聚氨酯/脲/硫脲预聚物与任选的扩链剂(即,上述用于与预聚物反应的异氰酸酯反应性组分)在水性介质中和在稳定量的外部乳化剂的存在下反应制备的。聚氨酯/脲/硫脲预聚物衍生自一种或多种第一异氰酸酯组分(Ai)和一种或多种第一异氰酸酯反应性组分(Aii),并且可以通过任何合适的方法制备,如本领域熟知的方法。预聚物有利地通过使具有至少两个活性氢原子的高分子量有机化合物与足够量的聚异氰酸酯接触,并且在确保预聚物被至少两个异氰酸酯基团封端的条件下来制备。聚异氰酸酯优选地是有机二异氰酸酯,并且可以是芳香族、脂肪族或脂环族或其组合。优选的二异氰酸酯包含4,4'-二异氰酸基二苯基甲烷、2,4'-二异氰酸基二苯基甲烷、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、对亚苯基二异氰酸酯、2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、聚苯基聚亚甲基聚异氰酸酯、1,3-双(异氰酸基甲基)环己烷、1,4-二异氰酸基环己烷、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,5-萘二异氰酸酯、3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-联苯二异氰酸酯、氢化亚甲基二苯二异氰酸酯、4,4'-二异氰酸基二环己基甲烷、2,4'-二异氰酸基二环己基甲烷和2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯或其组合。更优选的二异氰酸酯是4,4'-二异氰酸基二环己基甲烷、4,4'-二异氰酸基二苯基甲烷、2,4'-二异氰酸基二环己基甲烷和2,4'-二异氰酸基二苯基甲烷。大多数二异氰酸酯是4,4'-二异氰酸基二苯基甲烷和2,4'-二异氰酸基二苯基甲烷。
根据一个实施例,异氰酸酯反应性组分(Aii)是具有至少两个活性氢原子且分子量不小于500道尔顿的高分子量有机化合物或具有至少两个活性氢原子且分子量小于500道尔顿的小分子化合物。具有至少两个活性氢原子的高分子量有机化合物可以是多元醇(例如,二醇)、聚胺(例如,二胺)、聚硫醇(例如,二硫醇)或其混合物(例如,醇-胺、硫醇-胺或醇-硫醇)。通常,化合物的重均分子量为至少约500道尔顿,优选地至少约750道尔顿并且更优选地至少约1000道尔顿,至多约20,000道尔顿,更优选地至多约15,000道尔顿,更优选地至多约10,000道尔顿并且最优选地至多约5,000道尔顿。
根据一个实施例,异氰酸酯反应性组分(Aii)包括聚亚烷基醚二醇、聚酯多元醇和聚碳酸酯多元醇。聚亚烷基醚二醇的代表性实例是聚乙二醇醚二醇、聚-1,2-丙烯醚二醇、聚四亚甲基醚二醇、聚-1,2-二甲基亚乙基醚二醇、聚-1,2-丁二醇醚二醇和聚癸亚甲基醚二醇。优选的聚酯多元醇包含己二酸酯和琥珀酸酯基聚酯,如聚己二酸丁二醇酯、己内酯基聚酯多元醇和芳香族聚酯,如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。优选的聚碳酸酯多元醇包含衍生自丁二醇、己二醇和环己烷二甲醇的那些。优选地,在聚氨酯/脲/硫脲预聚物中,异氰酸酯基团与异氰酸酯反应性基团之间的摩尔比(NCO:XH,其中X是O、N或S)不小于1.1:1,更优选地不小于1.2:1并且优选不大于5:1。聚氨酯预聚物可以通过间歇或连续工艺制备。有用的方法包含如本领域已知的方法。例如,可以将化学计量过量的二异氰酸酯和多元醇在适合于试剂的受控反应的温度下,通常约40℃到约120℃,优选地70℃到110℃,以分开的料流引入到静态或活性混合器中。可以使用催化剂,如有机锡催化剂(例如,辛酸亚锡)来促进试剂的反应。反应通常在混合罐中进行至基本上完成以形成预聚物。
外部乳化剂可以是阳离子、阴离子或非离子的,并且优选地是阴离子的。合适的乳化剂类别包含但不限于乙氧基化酚的硫酸盐,如聚(氧基-1,2-乙烷二基)α-磺基-ω(壬基苯氧基)盐;碱金属脂肪酸盐,如碱金属油酸盐和硬脂酸盐;碱金属C12-C16烷基硫酸盐,如碱金属月桂基硫酸盐;胺C12-C16烷基硫酸盐,如胺月桂基硫酸盐,更优选地三乙醇胺月桂基硫酸盐;碱金属C12-C16烷基苯磺酸盐,如支链的和直链的十二烷基苯磺酸钠;胺C12-C16烷基苯磺酸盐,如三乙醇胺十二烷基苯磺酸盐;阴离子和非离子氟碳乳化剂,如氟化C4-C16烷基酯和碱金属C4-C16全氟烷基磺酸盐;有机硅乳化剂,如改性聚二甲基硅氧烷。可以看出,这些乳化剂不包括任何可共聚的基团,因此所述乳化剂将不会发生化学反应并且其可以被称为“非反应性外部乳化剂”或“惰性外部乳化剂”。如本文所公开的,外部乳化的PUD仅包括非反应性外部乳化剂,即,用于制备外部乳化的PUD的外部乳化剂不包括异氰酸酯基团或异氰酸酯反应性基团。根据本申请的另一个实施例,外部乳化剂不包括任何可共聚的基团。
根据本公开的实施例,按外部乳化的PUD的总重量计,外部乳化剂的量为约0.1重量%到10重量%,优选地0.5重量%到5重量%。
优选地,外部稳定乳化剂是可以与存在于中性盐中的多价阳离子反应以形成有机酸的不溶性多价阳离子水不溶性盐的乳化剂。示例性优选的乳化剂包含十八烷基磺基琥珀酸二钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、硬脂酸钠和硬脂酸铵。聚氨酯分散体可以通过任何合适的方法制备,如本领域熟知的方法。
当制备外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体时,预聚物可以单独地用水进行扩链,或者可以使用扩链剂,如本领域已知的扩链剂进行扩链。根据本公开的一个实施例,所谓的扩链剂的定义与上述异氰酸酯反应性组分(Aii)的定义重叠。当使用时,扩链剂可以是异氰酸酯反应性二胺或具有另一个异氰酸酯反应性基团且分子量为至多约450的胺化合物,但是所述扩链剂优选地选自由以下组成的组:胺化聚醚二醇;哌嗪、氨乙基乙醇胺、乙醇胺、乙二胺和其混合物。优选地,将胺扩链剂溶解于用于制备分散体的水中。
在制备外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体的优选方法中,将含有预聚物的流动料流与含有水的流动料流以足够的剪切合并以形成聚氨酯分散体。一定量的外部乳化剂也存在于含有预聚物的料流中、含有水的料流中或单独的料流中。含有预聚物的料流和含有水的料流的相对速率优选地使得乳液的多分散性(颗粒或液滴的体积平均直径与数均直径的比率,或Dv/Dn)不大于约4,更优选地不大于约3,更优选地不大于约2,更优选地不大于约1.5并且最优选地不大于约1.3;或者体积平均粒度不大于约5微米,更优选地不大于约2微米,更优选地不大于约1微米并且最优选地不大于约0.8微米。分散在外部乳化的PUD中的PU颗粒的粒度为20nm到5,000nm,更优选地50nm到2,000nm并且更优选地50nm到1,000nm。
外部乳化剂有时用作水中的浓缩物。在这种情况下,有利地首先将含有乳化剂的料流与含有预聚物的料流合并以形成预聚物/乳化剂混合物。尽管可以在这个单一步骤中制备聚氨酯分散体,但是优选的是将含有预聚物和乳化剂的料流与水料流合并以稀释乳化剂并产生水性聚氨酯分散体。
外部乳化的PUD可以具有聚氨酯颗粒的任何合适的固体负载,但是通常固体负载为总分散体重量的约1重量%到约70重量%固体,优选地至少约2重量%,更优选地至少约4重量%,更优选地至少约6重量%,更优选地至少约15重量%,更优选地至少约25重量%,最优选地至少约35重量%到至多约70重量%,优选地至多68重量%,更优选地至多约65重量%,更优选地至多约63重量%并且最优选地至多约60重量%。
外部乳化的PUD还可以含有流变改性剂,如增强分散体的分散性和稳定性的增稠剂。可以使用任何合适的流变改性剂,如本领域已知的流变改性剂。优选地,流变改性剂是不会引起分散体变得不稳定的流变改性剂。更优选地,流变改性剂是未被离子化的水溶性增稠剂。有用的流变改性剂的实例包含甲基纤维素醚、碱溶胀性增稠剂(例如,钠或铵中和的丙烯酸聚合物)、疏水改性的碱溶胀性增稠剂(例如,疏水改性的丙烯酸共聚物)和缔合性增稠剂(例如,疏水改性的基于环氧乙烷的氨基甲酸酯嵌段共聚物)。优选地,流变改性剂是甲基纤维素醚。增稠剂的量为外部乳化的PUD的总重量的至少约0.2重量%到约5重量%,优选地约0.5重量%到约2重量%。
通常,外部乳化的PUD的粘度为至少约10cp到至多约10,000cp,优选地至少约20cp到至多约5000cp,更优选地至少约30cp到至多约3000cp。
在本公开的实施例中,可以通过外部乳化剂和高剪切搅拌作用(如陶氏化学公司(DOW Chemical)开发的BLUEWAVE技术)促进PU颗粒在外部乳化的PUD中的分散,其中剪切力和搅拌速度可以根据具体需要适当调整。
根据本公开的一个实施例,外部乳化的PUD可以进一步包括一种或多种颜料、染料和/或着色剂,所有颜料、染料和/或着色剂在本公开中通常被称为“色母料”。例如,可以添加色母料,以便赋予透明或半透明膜以期望的颜色。颜料、染料和/或着色剂的实例可以包含氧化铁、氧化钛、碳黑和其混合物。按外部乳化的PUD的总重量计,颜料、染料和/或着色剂的量可以为0.1重量%到15重量%,优选地0.5-10重量%,更优选地1重量%到5重量%。可用于本发明的合适的可商购获得的黑色颜料可以包含例如可从朗盛德国有限责任公司(Lanxess Deutschland GmbH)获得的EUDERMTM黑色B-N碳黑分散体。
根据本公开的一个实施例,将外部乳化的PUD施涂在释放层上,并且然后从其中去除溶剂(例如,水),使得分散在PUD中的PU颗粒形成阻挡层。根据替代性实施例,外部乳化的PUD中的PU颗粒可以进一步包括与PU树脂的主链连接的封端异氰酸酯基团,因此PUD中的PU树脂可以进一步与保留在外部乳化的PUD中的交联剂反应,或正在施涂或已经施涂顶部涂层时另外添加。交联剂可以选自在外部乳化的PUD的制备中用作异氰酸酯反应性组分或扩链剂的交联剂中的一种或多种交联剂。根据一个优选的实施例,按用于制备外部乳化的PUD的所有原材料中所含的异氰酸酯基团的总摩尔量计,保留在外部乳化的PUD中的封端异氰酸酯基团的含量可以高达10摩尔%,优选地高达8摩尔%,更优选地高达5摩尔%,更优选地高达3摩尔%,更优选地高达2摩尔%,更优选地高达1摩尔%。
两组分非溶剂聚氨酯泡沫层(2K非溶剂PU泡沫)
本公开的2K非溶剂PU泡沫包括在其中限定多个孔和/或泡孔的连续PU基质。如本文所公开的,术语“无溶剂(solvent free)”、“无溶剂(solventless)”或“非溶剂”可以互换地用于描述PU泡沫或任何其它分散体、混合物等,并且应当解释为按原材料的混合物的总重量计,用于制备PU泡沫或PU分散体的所有原材料的混合物包括小于3重量%,优选地小于2重量%,优选地小于1重量%,更优选地小于0.5重量%,更优选地小于0.2重量%,更优选地小于0.1重量%,更优选地小于100ppm重量份,更优选地小于50ppm重量份,更优选地小于10ppm重量份,更优选地小于1ppm重量份的任何有机溶剂或无机溶剂。如本文所公开的,术语“溶剂”是指其功能是仅溶解一种或多种固体、液体或气体材料而不会引发任何化学反应的有机液体和无机液体。换言之,尽管在聚合技术中通常被认为是“溶剂”的一些有机化合物,例如乙二醇和丙二醇以及水用于制备PU泡沫,但是其都不属于“溶剂”,因为其通过引发化学反应主要充当异氰酸酯反应性功能性物质、扩链剂或发泡剂等。
根据本公开的一个实施例,聚氨酯泡沫层的厚度在0.01μm到2,000μm的范围内,优选地在0.05μm到1,000μm的范围内,更优选地在0.1μm到750μm的范围内并且更优选地在0.2μm到600μm的范围内。
根据本公开的一个实施例,用无溶剂聚氨酯体系制备聚氨酯泡沫层中的发泡聚氨酯,所述无溶剂聚氨酯体系包括(Bi)一种或多种第二异氰酸酯组分、(Bii)一种或多种第二异氰酸酯反应性组分、(Biii)一种或多种发泡剂、催化剂和任何其它添加剂。异氰酸酯组分(Bi)包含用于异氰酸酯组分(Ai)的聚异氰酸酯和/或异氰酸酯预聚物。聚异氰酸酯包括脂肪族、脂环族和芳香族二异氰酸酯和/或聚异氰酸酯,并且优选的示例性聚异氰酸酯可以选自由以下组成的组:甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)以及二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯和聚亚苯基聚亚甲基聚异氰酸酯(聚合的MDI)的混合物。聚异氰酸酯预聚物是指通过使上述异氰酸酯组分(Bi)的聚异氰酸酯与具有至少两个异氰酸酯反应性氢原子的化合物反应而制备的预聚物。反应可以在约50℃到150℃的温度下进行。在本公开的实施例中,聚异氰酸酯预聚物的NCO含量在3重量%到33.5重量%的范围内,优选地在6重量%到25重量%的范围内,优选地在8重量%到24重量%的范围内并且更优选地在10重量%到20重量%的范围内。特别优选使用包括二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和聚四氢呋喃(PTHF),尤其是数均分子量范围为500到4,000的PTHF的混合物作为异氰酸酯组分(Bi)。这种混合物的NCO含量优选地在8重量%到22重量%的范围内并且更优选地在10重量%到20重量%的范围内。按异氰酸酯组分(Bi)的总重量计,异氰酸酯组分(Bi)的异氰酸酯或异氰酸酯预聚物可以通过将脲二酮、氨基甲酸酯、异氰脲酸酯、碳二亚胺或脲基甲酸酯基团以1重量%到20重量%的量并且更优选地以2重量%到10重量%的量结合到其中来进一步改性。
异氰酸酯反应性组分(Bii)包括具有选自OH基团、SH基团、NH基团、NH2基团和碳酸基团,例如β-二酮基团的两个或更多个异氰酸酯反应性基团的化合物。根据本申请的一个实施例,异氰酸酯反应性组分(Bii)包括用于(Aii)的异氰酸酯反应性组分。异氰酸酯反应性组分(Bii)进一步包含聚醚多元醇和/或聚酯多元醇。聚酯多元醇通常通过将具有2到12个碳原子,优选地2到6个碳原子的多官能醇与具有2到12个碳原子的多官能羧酸缩合而获得,实例是琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、癸烷二羧酸、马来酸、富马酸,并且优选地邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸和异构萘二羧酸。聚醚多元醇通常通过使选自环氧丙烷(PO)和环氧乙烷(EO)、环氧丁烷和四氢呋喃的一种或多种环氧烷与至少双官能醇或多官能醇聚合而制备。聚醚多元醇的数均分子量优选地在100到10,000g/mol的范围内,优选地为200到8,000g/mol的范围内并且更优选地在500到6,000g/mol的范围内。
在本公开的一个优选实施例中,异氰酸酯组分(Bi)和异氰酸酯反应性组分(Bii)在发泡剂/起泡剂的存在下彼此反应,并且发泡剂与异氰酸酯反应性组分组合使用。有用的发泡剂包含通常已知的化学或物理反应性化合物。物理发泡剂可以选自由以下组成的组中的一种或多种:二氧化碳、氮气、稀有气体、具有4到8个碳原子的(环)脂肪族烃、二烷基醚、酯、酮、缩醛和具有1到8个碳原子的氟代烷烃。化学反应性起泡剂优选地包括水,其优选地作为与异氰酸酯反应性组分(Bii)的共混物的成分而被包含。按用于制备聚氨酯泡沫层的所有原材料的总重量计,发泡剂的量在0.05到10重量%的范围内,优选地在0.1到5重量%的范围内,更优选地0.1到2重量%并且最优选地0.1到0.5重量%。2K聚氨酯层的密度通常为0.3到1.1千克/升,并且密度优选地为0.4到0.9千克/升。
在本公开的实施例中,按用于制备聚氨酯泡沫层的所有原材料的总重量计,异氰酸酯组分(Bi)与异氰酸酯反应性组分(Bii)在选自有机锡化合物(如二乙酸锡、二辛酸锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡和/或强碱性胺,如二氮杂双环辛烷、三乙胺、三亚乙基二胺或双(N,N-二甲基氨基乙基)醚)的催化剂的存在下反应,所述催化剂的量为0.01重量%到5重量%,优选地0.05重量%到4重量%,更优选地0.05重量%到3重量%。
在本公开的实施例中,特别选择异氰酸酯组分(Bi)和异氰酸酯反应性组分(Bii)的类别和摩尔含量,使得NCO基团与NCO反应性氢原子(例如,羟基中的氢原子)的总当量比在0.9:1到1.8:1的范围内,优选地在0.92:1到1.6:1的范围内,优选地在0.95:1到1.5:1的范围内并且更优选地在1:1到1.45:1的范围内,更优选地在1.05:1到1.4:1的范围内并且更优选地在1.10:1到1.35:1的范围内。
助剂和添加剂
顶部涂层和2K PU泡沫层可以独立地且任选地包括用于具体目的的任何另外的助剂和/或添加剂。
在本公开的一个实施例中,一种或多种助剂和/或添加剂可以选自由以下组成的组:填充剂、泡孔调节剂、释放剂、着色剂/颜料、表面活性化合物、手感剂、消光剂、增稠剂、交联剂和稳定剂。
合适的填充剂的实例包括玻璃纤维、矿物纤维、天然纤维(如亚麻、黄麻或剑麻),例如玻璃鳞片、硅酸盐(如云母或微光(glimmer))、盐(如碳酸钙、白垩或石膏)。按顶部涂层或2K PU泡沫层的总干重计,填充剂通常以0.5重量%到60重量%,优选地3重量%到30重量%并且更优选地3重量%到10重量%的量使用。
背衬基材
在本公开的实施例中,背衬基材的厚度在0.01mm到50mm的范围内,优选地在0.05mm到10mm的范围内并且更具体地在0.1mm到5mm的范围内。背衬基材可以包括选自由以下组成的组中的一种或多种:织物,优选地织造或非织造织物、浸渍织物、针织织物、编织织物或微纤维;金属箔或塑料箔,例如橡胶、PVC或聚酰胺;以及皮革,优选地剖层皮革。
背衬基材可以由织造或非织造织物制成。优选地,纺织品是非织造纺织品。纺织品可以通过任何合适的方法制造,如本领域中已知的方法。纺织品可以由任何合适的纤维材料制备。合适的纤维材料包含但不限于合成纤维材料和天然纤维材料或半合成纤维材料及其混合物或共混物。合成纤维材料的实例包含聚酯、聚酰胺、丙烯酸树脂、聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚乙烯醇及其共混物或混合物。天然的半合成纤维材料的实例包含棉、羊毛和大麻。
制造技术
外部乳化的PUD可以通过常规的涂覆技术,如喷涂、刮涂、模涂、流延涂覆等进行施涂。
在施涂下一层之前,可以将顶部涂层部分地或完全地干燥。优选地,将顶部涂层完全地干燥,以便使其中截留的水分最小化,并且然后在其上施涂下一层。在本申请的替代性实施例中,仅从释放层上的顶部涂层去除一部分水分,然后将顶部涂层与在其上施涂的2KPU泡沫层一起完全地干燥。
根据一个实施例,将用于2K非溶剂PU泡沫的组分(Bi)和组分(Bii)混合在一起,施涂到顶部涂层并且通过在例如70℃到120℃,优选地75℃到110℃的温度下在烘箱中加热持续10秒到5分钟,更优选地30秒到2分钟,更优选地45到90秒的短持续时间来预固化。然后在加压辊的辅助下,将背衬基材(例如,纺织品织物)施涂到预固化的2k PU泡沫层,随后在例如100℃到160℃,优选地110℃到150℃的较高温度下后固化持续3到20分钟,优选地3到15分钟,更优选地4到10分钟的更长持续时间。上述两步固化工艺旨在确保预固化的2k PU泡沫与背衬基材之间的高粘附强度。
根据本公开的优选实施例,在2k PU泡沫已经完全固化之后去除释放层。释放层可以通过任何普通技术剥离。
根据本公开的优选实施例,在去除释放层之后,可以将顶部终饰层施涂到合成皮革的表面上(即,顶部涂层的最外表面上)并且干燥以形成保护膜层。终饰层的存在可以进一步提高多层合成皮革的耐磨性。可以通过使用任何合适的原材料和技术来形成保护膜层。终饰层可以任选地包括添加剂,如润湿剂、交联剂、粘合剂、消光剂、手感改性剂、颜料和/或着色剂、增稠剂或用于顶部涂层的其它添加剂。本文公开的合成皮革可以进一步包括一个或多于一个的任选的另外的层,如表层与终饰层之间的颜色层。其它合适的任选的另外的层可以选自防水层、UV保护层和触觉(触摸/感觉)改性层。
本发明的工艺可以连续地或分批地进行。连续工艺的实例是卷对卷工艺,并且在图2中示意性地示出。将一卷释放层展开并传送通过两个或更多个工作站,在所述工作站中顺序地施涂外部乳化的PUD和用于非溶剂PU泡沫的两部分原材料。加热或照射装置可以布置成在每个涂覆站之后,以促进涂覆层的干燥或固化,并且还可以使用辊来增强各层之间的粘附强度。未卷绕的释放层的长度通常为10到20,000米,10到15,000米并且优选地20到10,000米,并且通常以范围为0.1到60米/分钟,优选地3到45米/分钟,更优选地5到15米/分钟的速度传输。在连续技术的最后,释放层被剥离并卷绕在主轴上。卷绕的释放层可以被重复使用,优选地至少2次。
背衬基材可以以卷对卷模式提供,即,背衬基材作为卷提供,将其展开并施涂在部分地固化的2K非溶剂PU泡沫的表面上,然后将2K非溶剂PU泡沫完全地固化,并且层压的合成皮革制品可以卷绕在主轴上并作为卷储存/销售。
在一个优选的实施例中,合成皮革通过在一个或两个方向(即,单轴或双轴定向)上拉伸来定向。定向的合成皮革的尺寸可以增加1.1到5倍,优选地1.2到2倍。定向的合成皮革表现出改善的透气性。
本文公开的多层结构合成皮革可以被切割或以其它方式成形,从而具有适用于任何期望目的(如鞋子制造)的形状。根据预期应用,可以与天然皮革类似地对合成皮革进行进一步处理或后处理,例如通过刷涂、填充、碾磨或熨烫。如果需要,合成皮革(如天然皮革)可以用常规终饰组合物进行终饰。这提供了控制其特性的进一步可能性。本文公开的多层结构可以用于特别适合用作合成皮革的各种应用中,例如鞋类、手提包、皮带、钱包、服装、家具装饰品、汽车装饰品和手套。多层结构特别适用于汽车应用。
实例
现将在以下实例中描述本发明的一些实施例,其中除非另外说明,否则所有份数和百分比均以重量计。
下表1中列出了实例中使用的原材料的信息:
表1.原材料
通过将表1中示出的异氰酸酯预聚物(VoralastTM GE 143ISO)与表2中列出的原材料(即,组分(Bii))组合来制备2K非溶剂PU泡沫。
表2. 2K PU复合材料中使用的原材料(组分(Bii))
本发明实例1
在此实例中,通过将外部乳化的脂肪族聚氨酯分散体作为表层直接粘附在2k PU泡沫层上来制备合成皮革,并且实现高剥离强度。
1)PUD中的聚氨酯颗粒的异氰酸酯预聚物的制备:
将Voranol 9287A(70g)和MPEG1000(2g)装入到250ml三颈烧瓶中并且在110℃和76mmHg真空下脱水一小时,然后自然冷却到约73℃。在氮气流保护和机械搅拌下以约73℃将IPDI(28g)倒入脱水的多元醇混合物中。然后将催化剂T120(0.03g)添加到反应物中。反应在约73℃下持续一小时,并且然后将温度升高到约83℃以继续反应,持续另外的2.5小时。将产物(预聚物)用塑料瓶包装并在氮气保护下密封储存。NCO%被测量为7.0wt%。
2)外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体的制备
将上述预聚物(100g)倒入1000ml塑料杯中,并且用考尔斯混合器搅拌。在3800rpm混合下,将浓度为23%重量的SDBS水溶液(13g)逐渐添加到预聚物中。在搅拌另外若干分钟之后,在3800rpm混合下将去离子水(84.8g)逐滴添加到预聚物中。在添加水之后发生相转化,并且形成水包油乳液。然后将混合速度降低到1500rpm。将79.6g的10wt%的扩链剂水溶液(AEEA)逐滴添加到乳液中。在已经添加所有扩链剂溶液之后,继续机械搅拌另外15分钟。最后,获得具有约40%固体含量的聚氨酯分散体,并将其储存在带盖的塑料容器中。
3)合成皮革的制造
用5g色母料和1g Acrysol RM825增稠剂调配94g的如上所述制备的聚氨酯分散体,并且在FlackTek速度混合器(型号:DAC150.1 FVA)中以2500rpm混合4.5分钟。将所调配PUD涂覆在离型纸上至湿膜厚度为150μm。将所涂覆的离型纸在120℃下在烘箱中干燥5分钟。将具有干燥的PU表层的离型纸从烘箱中取出,并冷却到环境温度。
将具有多元醇调配物和表2中的Voralast*GE 143ISO的配方的所调配的2k PU复合材料涂覆在干燥的PU表层的与离型纸相反的表面上至湿膜厚度为300μm。将所涂覆的离型纸放入85℃烘箱中进行45秒的预固化。然后将纺织品织物布小心地施涂到2k PU复合膜的与顶部涂层相反的表面上,并用3.5kg辊压2次。将样本放入130℃烘箱中进行5分钟的后固化,并且然后取出并冷却到环境温度。
4)剥离强度的表征
从皮革样本中去除离型纸。将皮革样本切割成尺寸为20cm×3cm,并且用环氧树脂胶涂覆在顶部涂层的最外表面上。然后将其与环氧树脂涂覆的表面面向折叠在一起,以形成10cm×3cm的样本。将其压制,并且在室温下固化3小时。然后在英斯特朗(Instron)拉伸机上进行T型剥离强度测试。记录剥离开两面的力。对三个样本进行测试,并且剥离力记录为122.78N、115.16N和103.87N。可以计算出平均剥离强度为113.9N/3cm,其中标准偏差为9.5N/3cm。
本发明实例2
在此实例中,通过将外部乳化的芳香族聚氨酯分散体作为表层直接粘附在2k PU泡沫层上来制备合成皮革,并且实现高剥离强度。
1)合成皮革的制造
用5g色母料和1g RM825增稠剂调配94g的由陶氏化学公司提供的外部乳化的芳香族PUD,Syntegra YS3000,并且在FlackTek速度混合器(型号:DAC150.1 FVA)中以2500rpm混合4.5分钟。将所调配PUD涂覆在离型纸上至湿膜厚度为150μm。将所涂覆的离型纸在120℃下在烘箱中干燥5分钟。将具有干燥的PU表层的离型纸从烘箱中取出,并冷却到环境温度。
将具有多元醇调配物和表2中的Voralast*GE 143ISO的配方的所调配的2k PU复合材料涂覆在干燥的PU表层的与离型纸相反的表面上至湿膜厚度为300μm。将所涂覆的离型纸放入85℃烘箱中进行45秒的预固化。然后将纺织品织物布小心地施涂到2k PU复合膜的与顶部涂层相反的表面上,并用3.5kg辊压2次。将样本放入130℃烘箱中进行5分钟的后固化,并且然后取出并冷却到环境温度。
2)剥离强度的表征
剥离强度根据ASTM D5170进行表征。从皮革样本中去除离型纸。将皮革样本切割成尺寸为20cm×3cm,并且用环氧树脂胶涂覆在顶部涂层的最外表面上。然后将其与环氧树脂涂覆的表面面向折叠在一起,以形成10cm×3cm的样本。将其压制,并且在室温下固化3小时。然后在英斯特朗(Instron)拉伸机上进行T型剥离强度测试。记录剥离开两面的力。对两个样本进行测试,并且剥离力记录为91.58N和94.26N。可以计算出平均剥离强度为92.92N/3cm,其中标准偏差为1.90N/3cm。
本发明实例3
在此实例中,通过将外部乳化的脂肪族聚氨酯分散体作为表层直接粘附在2k PU泡沫层上来制备合成皮革,并且实现良好的剥离强度。
除了在将外部乳化的PUD沉积在离型纸上至湿膜厚度为150μm之后,将所涂覆离型纸在110℃(而不是120℃)下在烘箱中干燥5分钟之外,重复本发明实例1的程序。对两个样本进行测试,并且剥离力记录为28N和20N。可以计算出平均剥离强度为24N/3cm,其中标准偏差为5.66N/3cm。
本发明实例4
在此实例中,通过将外部乳化的芳香族聚氨酯分散体作为表层直接粘附在2k PU泡沫层上来制备合成皮革,并且实现良好的剥离强度。
除了在将外部乳化的PUD沉积在离型纸上至湿膜厚度为150μm之后,将所涂覆离型纸在110℃(而不是120℃)下在烘箱中干燥5分钟之外,重复本发明实例2的程序。对两个样本进行测试,并且剥离力记录为29N和32N。可以计算出平均剥离强度为30.5N/3cm,其中标准偏差为2.12N/3cm。
比较实例1
在此实例中,通过将内部乳化的脂肪族聚氨酯分散体作为表层直接粘附在2k PU泡沫层上来制备合成皮革,并且合成皮革表现出极差的剥离强度。
1)合成皮革的制造
用5g色母料和1g RM825增稠剂调配94g的由陶氏化学公司提供的内部乳化的脂肪族PUD,Bayderm Bottom PR,并且在FlackTek速度混合器(型号:DAC150.1 FVA)中以2500rpm混合4.5分钟。将所调配PUD涂覆在离型纸上至湿膜厚度为150μm。将所涂覆的离型纸在110℃下在烘箱中干燥5分钟。将具有干燥的PU表层的离型纸从烘箱中取出,并冷却到环境温度。
将具有多元醇调配物和表2中的Voralast*GE 143ISO的配方的所调配的2k PU复合材料涂覆在干燥的PU表层的与离型纸相反的表面上至湿膜厚度为300μm。将所涂覆的离型纸放入85℃烘箱中进行45秒的预固化。然后将纺织品织物布小心地施涂到2k PU复合膜的与顶部涂层相反的表面上,并用3.5kg辊压2次。将样本放入130℃烘箱中进行5分钟的后固化,并且然后取出并冷却到环境温度。
2)剥离强度的表征
通过用手剥离而去除离型纸。将源自内部乳化的PUD的表层与2k PU泡沫层分离,并且粘在离型纸上。2k PU泡沫层的暴露表面是粘性的。其示出了源自内部乳化的PUD的表层与源自非溶剂2k PU复合材料的泡沫层之间的较差粘附性。表层/泡沫层界面粘附力太低,以致无法测量剥离强度。
表3汇总了关于本发明实例和比较实例的原材料、程序和实验结果的信息。
表3.发明实例1-4和比较实例的汇总
本发明实例与比较实例之间的对比清楚地表明,源自外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体的表层与源自非溶剂2k PU复合材料的泡沫层之间的界面粘附足够强以满足最终合成皮革性能要求。另一方面,源自内部乳化的聚氨酯分散体的表层与来自非溶剂2k PU复合材料的泡沫层之间的界面粘附太弱而无法对最终合成皮革赋予所需的性能。这种新颖的发现为合成皮革制造的成本效益的生态工艺铺平道路。虽然不希望受任何理论的束缚,但是假设形成表层的PUD的内部离子稳定化随后会干扰泡沫层的聚氨酯固化反应并且导致表层与泡沫层之间的界面粘附较差。
Claims (9)
1.一种合成皮革制品,其从上到下包括:
(A)顶部涂层,所述顶部涂层源自外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体,其中所述外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体包括一种或多种外部乳化剂和第一外部乳化的聚氨酯,所述第一外部乳化的聚氨酯衍生自(Ai)一种或多种包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的第一异氰酸酯组分和(Aii)一种或多种包括至少两个异氰酸酯反应性基团的第一异氰酸酯反应性组分,其中所述外部乳化剂或其残留部分不与所述第一外部乳化的聚氨酯的主链共价连接;
(B)聚氨酯泡沫层,所述聚氨酯泡沫层包括第二发泡聚氨酯,所述第二发泡聚氨酯衍生自无溶剂体系,所述无溶剂体系包括(Bi)一种或多种第二异氰酸酯组分、(Bii)一种或多种第二异氰酸酯反应性组分和(Biii)一种或多种发泡剂;以及
(C)背衬基材;
其中所述第一异氰酸酯组分(Ai)和所述第二异氰酸酯组分(Bi)独立地选自由以下组成的组:
a)包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的C4-C12脂肪族聚异氰酸酯、包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的C6-C15脂环族或芳香族聚异氰酸酯、包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的C7-C15芳脂族聚异氰酸酯和其组合;以及
b)通过使a)的一种或多种聚异氰酸酯与选自由以下组成的组的一种或多种异氰酸酯反应性组分反应来制备的异氰酸酯预聚物:包括至少两个羟基的C2-C16脂肪族多元醇、包括至少两个羟基的C6-C15脂环族或芳香族多元醇、包括至少两个羟基的C7-C15芳脂族多元醇、分子量为500到5,000的聚酯多元醇、分子量为200到5,000的聚碳酸酯二醇、分子量为200到5,000的聚醚二醇、包括至少两个氨基的C2到C10聚胺、包括至少两个硫醇基的C2到C10聚硫醇、包括至少一个羟基和至少一个氨基的C2-C10烷醇胺和其组合,条件是所述异氰酸酯预聚物包括至少两个自由的异氰酸酯基团;
其中所述第一异氰酸酯反应性组分(Aii)和所述第二异氰酸酯反应性组分(Bii)独立地选自由以下组成的组:包括至少两个羟基的C2-C16脂肪族多元醇、包括至少两个羟基的C6-C15脂环族或芳香族多元醇、包括至少两个羟基的C7-C15芳脂族多元醇、分子量为500到5,000的聚酯多元醇、分子量为200到5,000的聚碳酸酯二醇、分子量为200到5,000的聚醚二醇、包括至少两个氨基的C2到C10聚胺、包括至少两个硫醇基的C2到C10聚硫醇、包括至少一个羟基和至少一个氨基的C2-C10烷醇胺和其组合;
其中所述外部乳化剂选自由以下组成的组:聚(氧基-1,2-乙烷二基)α-磺基-ω(壬基苯氧基)盐;碱金属油酸盐和硬脂酸盐;碱金属C12-C16烷基硫酸盐;胺C12-C16烷基硫酸盐;碱金属C12-C16烷基苯磺酸盐;胺C12-C16烷基苯磺酸盐;氟化C4-C16烷基酯和碱金属C4-C16全氟烷基磺酸盐;有机硅乳化剂;和其组合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成皮革制品,其中所述第一外部乳化的聚氨酯不包括与所述第一外部乳化的聚氨酯的主链共价连接的阳离子或阴离子亲水性侧基或能够转化成所述阳离子或阴离子亲水性侧基的基团。
3.根据权利要求1所述的合成皮革制品,其中所述无溶剂体系进一步包括选自由有机锡化合物和强碱性胺组成的组的催化剂,并且所述发泡剂(Biii)是水。
4.一种用于生产根据权利要求1到3中任一项所述的合成皮革制品的方法,所述方法包括:
(1)提供包括一种或多种外部乳化剂和所述第一外部乳化的聚氨酯的所述外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体,并且将所述外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体施涂到释放层上,以便在所述释放层上形成所述顶部涂层;
(2)将所述无溶剂体系施涂到所述顶部涂层的与所述释放层相反的一侧上,使所述无溶剂体系至少部分地固化并发泡以在所述顶部涂层上形成所述聚氨酯泡沫层;以及
(3)将所述背衬基材施涂到所述聚氨酯泡沫层的与所述顶部涂层相反的一侧上。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中在步骤(2)中,使所述无溶剂体系至少部分地固化包括在步骤(3)之前发生的预固化子步骤和在步骤(3)之后发生的后固化子步骤,
所述预固化子步骤包括在第一温度下加热所述无溶剂体系以使所述无溶剂体系部分地固化,并且所述后固化子步骤包括在高于所述第一加热温度的第二加热温度下加热所述无溶剂体系以使无溶剂体系完全固化。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体是通过以下步骤制备的:
(i)使一种或多种包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的化合物或所述化合物的第一预聚物与一种或多种包括至少两个羟基的化合物反应以产生第二预聚物,所述第二预聚物包括两个或更多个自由的异氰酸酯基团并且不具有与所述第二预聚物共价连接的阳离子或阴离子亲水性侧基或能够转化成所述阳离子或阴离子亲水性侧基的基团;
(ii)在所述外部乳化剂的存在下将在步骤(ii)中获得的所述第二预聚物分散在水中以形成乳液;以及
任选地(iii)将一种或多种包括至少两个羟基的异氰酸酯反应性组分添加到在步骤(ii)中获得的所述乳液中,并且使其与所述第二预聚物反应以产生所述外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体。
7.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体是通过以下步骤制备的:
(i)使一种或多种聚异氰酸酯或衍生自所述聚异氰酸酯的第一预聚物与一种或多种异氰酸酯反应性组分反应以形成第二预聚物,所述一种或多种聚异氰酸酯选自由以下组成的组:包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的C4-C12脂肪族聚异氰酸酯、包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的C6-C15脂环族或芳香族聚异氰酸酯、包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的C7-C15芳脂族聚异氰酸酯和其组合,所述一种或多种异氰酸酯反应性组分选自由以下组成的组:包括至少两个羟基的C2-C16脂肪族多元醇、包括至少两个羟基的C6-C15脂环族或芳香族多元醇、包括至少两个羟基的C7-C15芳脂族多元醇、分子量为500到5,000的聚酯多元醇、分子量为200到5,000的聚碳酸酯二醇和分子量为200到5,000的聚醚二醇,所述第二预聚物包括两个或更多个自由的异氰酸酯基团并且不具有与所述第二预聚物共价连接的阳离子或阴离子亲水性侧基或能够转化成所述阳离子或阴离子亲水性侧基的基团;
(ii)在所述外部乳化剂的存在下将在步骤(i)中获得的所述第二预聚物分散在水中以形成乳液;以及
任选地(iii)将包括至少两个氨基的C2到C10聚胺、包括至少两个硫醇基的C2到C10聚硫醇、包括至少一个羟基和至少一个氨基的C2-C10烷醇胺和其组合添加到在步骤(ii)中获得的所述乳液中,并且使其与所述第二预聚物反应以产生所述外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体。
8.一种外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体用作合成皮革制品中的顶部涂层的用途,其中所述合成皮革制品包括:
(A)顶部涂层,所述顶部涂层源自外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体,其中所述外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体包括一种或多种外部乳化剂和第一聚氨酯的颗粒,所述第一聚氨酯衍生自分散在水性溶剂中的(Ai)一种或多种包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的第一异氰酸酯组分和(Aii)一种或多种包括至少两个异氰酸酯反应性基团的第一异氰酸酯反应性组分,其中所述外部乳化剂或其残留部分不与所述第一聚氨酯的主链共价连接;
(B)聚氨酯泡沫层,所述聚氨酯泡沫层包括第二发泡聚氨酯,所述第二发泡聚氨酯衍生自无溶剂体系,所述无溶剂体系包括(Bi)一种或多种第二异氰酸酯组分、(Bii)一种或多种第二异氰酸酯反应性组分和(Biii)一种或多种发泡剂;以及
(C)背衬基材;
其中所述顶部涂层与所述聚氨酯泡沫层直接接触,
其中所述第一异氰酸酯组分(Ai)和所述第二异氰酸酯组分(Bi)独立地选自由以下组成的组:
a)包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的C4-C12脂肪族聚异氰酸酯、包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的C6-C15脂环族或芳香族聚异氰酸酯、包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的C7-C15芳脂族聚异氰酸酯和其组合;以及
b)通过使a)的一种或多种聚异氰酸酯与选自由以下组成的组的一种或多种异氰酸酯反应性组分反应来制备的异氰酸酯预聚物:包括至少两个羟基的C2-C16脂肪族多元醇、包括至少两个羟基的C6-C15脂环族或芳香族多元醇、包括至少两个羟基的C7-C15芳脂族多元醇、分子量为500到5,000的聚酯多元醇、分子量为200到5,000的聚碳酸酯二醇、分子量为200到5,000的聚醚二醇、包括至少两个氨基的C2到C10聚胺、包括至少两个硫醇基的C2到C10聚硫醇、包括至少一个羟基和至少一个氨基的C2-C10烷醇胺和其组合,条件是所述异氰酸酯预聚物包括至少两个自由的异氰酸酯基团;
其中所述第一异氰酸酯反应性组分(Aii)和所述第二异氰酸酯反应性组分(Bii)独立地选自由以下组成的组:包括至少两个羟基的C2-C16脂肪族多元醇、包括至少两个羟基的C6-C15脂环族或芳香族多元醇、包括至少两个羟基的C7-C15芳脂族多元醇、分子量为500到5,000的聚酯多元醇、分子量为200到5,000的聚碳酸酯二醇、分子量为200到5,000的聚醚二醇、包括至少两个氨基的C2到C10聚胺、包括至少两个硫醇基的C2到C10聚硫醇、包括至少一个羟基和至少一个氨基的C2-C10烷醇胺和其组合;
其中所述外部乳化剂选自由以下组成的组:聚(氧基-1,2-乙烷二基)α-磺基-ω(壬基苯氧基)盐;碱金属油酸盐和硬脂酸盐;碱金属C12-C16烷基硫酸盐;胺C12-C16烷基硫酸盐;碱金属C12-C16烷基苯磺酸盐;胺C12-C16烷基苯磺酸盐;氟化C4-C16烷基酯和碱金属C4-C16全氟烷基磺酸盐;有机硅乳化剂;和其组合。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用途,其中所述外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体是通过以下步骤制备的:
(i)使一种或多种聚异氰酸酯与一种或多种异氰酸酯反应性组分反应以形成预聚物,所述一种或多种聚异氰酸酯选自由以下组成的组:包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的C4-C12脂肪族聚异氰酸酯、包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的C6-C15脂环族或芳香族聚异氰酸酯、包括至少两个异氰酸酯基团的C7-C15芳脂族聚异氰酸酯和其组合,所述一种或多种异氰酸酯反应性组分选自由以下组成的组:包括至少两个羟基的C2-C16脂肪族多元醇、包括至少两个羟基的C6-C15脂环族或芳香族多元醇、包括至少两个羟基的C7-C15芳脂族多元醇、分子量为500到5,000的聚酯多元醇、分子量为200到5,000的聚碳酸酯二醇和分子量为200到5,000的聚醚二醇,所述预聚物包括两个或更多个自由的异氰酸酯基团并且不具有与所述预聚物的主链共价连接的阳离子或阴离子亲水性侧基或能够转化成所述阳离子或阴离子亲水性侧基的基团;
(ii)在所述外部乳化剂的存在下将在步骤(i)中获得的所述预聚物分散在水中以形成乳液;以及
任选地(iii)将包括至少两个氨基的C2到C10聚胺、包括至少两个硫醇基的C2到C10聚硫醇、包括至少一个羟基和至少一个氨基的C2-C10烷醇胺和其组合添加到在步骤(ii)中获得的所述乳液中,并且使其与所述预聚物反应以产生所述外部乳化的聚氨酯分散体。
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KR20210091248A (ko) | 2021-07-21 |
WO2020097839A1 (en) | 2020-05-22 |
JP2022517489A (ja) | 2022-03-09 |
US20210348328A1 (en) | 2021-11-11 |
JP7282172B2 (ja) | 2023-05-26 |
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