CN112964896A - Distributed flue gas velocity measuring method suitable for large-section flue of coal-fired equipment - Google Patents
Distributed flue gas velocity measuring method suitable for large-section flue of coal-fired equipment Download PDFInfo
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/08—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring variation of an electric variable directly affected by the flow, e.g. by using dynamo-electric effect
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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Abstract
The invention relates to a distributed flue gas velocity measuring method suitable for a large-section flue of coal-fired equipment. The distributed flue gas velocity measuring method suitable for the large-section flue of the coal-fired equipment comprises the following steps: a plurality of cavity type speed sensors are uniformly arranged on a certain section of the flue to capture flow signals of each measuring point of a flow field; the flowing signal is sent to a regulating signal regulating module through a shielding wire to complete signal regulation; the data acquisition module is responsible for completing the conversion from the analog signals to the digital signals and sending the digital signals to the upper computer; and the upper computer runs a distributed speed measuring program, calculates the speed of each measuring point according to the signals, and carries out real-time inversion on the section flow field to generate a three-dimensional cloud picture of the flue flow field. The distributed flue gas velocity measuring method suitable for the large-section flue of the coal-fired equipment, provided by the invention, realizes the distributed flue gas velocity measurement and the flow field real-time monitoring of the large-section flue, and provides reliable data for the real-time regulation and control of production and operation departments and the accurate pollution discharge statistics of environmental protection departments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of integrated measurement of flue gas flow velocity and flow, in particular to a distributed flue gas velocity measurement method suitable for a large-section flue of coal-fired equipment.
Background
At present, under the background that the demand of national economic development on the total energy is continuously increased and the environmental protection strength is gradually increased, China pays attention to the emission control of pollution gases and greenhouse gases in recent years. To ensure the smooth realization of these emission control indexes, the emission of the polluting gases SO2, NOx and greenhouse gas CO2 should be reduced from the technical and control means, and the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data should be ensured. Only with accurate monitoring data can the emission situation of related pollutants be truly reflected, and the emission control of polluted gases and the like can be relied on.
At present, the measuring instruments suitable for severe environments such as high temperature of a flue of coal-fired equipment, dust content and the like are not a lot, the measuring instruments are mainly used for measuring the flue gas speed of a pitot tube connected pressure transmitter experiment, but the pressure transmitter has large fluctuation and low measuring precision, the diameter of the pitot tube is small, the pitot tube is easy to block in a high-ash environment, the flue gas amount generated by a large-scale coal-fired boiler is huge, the size of the flue is basically dozens of squares, the problem of measuring the flue gas speed with a large section is also solved, the flue gas speed is usually measured by adopting a single-point or multi-point averaging mode, and. Therefore, the real-time accurate measurement of the flue gas velocity and the flow field of large coal-fired equipment is still at a lower level, and the related technologies need to be updated and upgraded urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the distributed flue gas velocity measuring method applicable to the large-section flue of the coal-fired equipment, provided by the invention, solves the technical problems, provides a feasible solution for the problems in flue gas flow field measurement in the large-section flue of the existing coal-fired equipment, and realizes the distributed flue gas velocity measurement of the large-section flue and the distributed flue gas velocity measuring method of the large-section flue of the coal-fired equipment with the real-time flow field monitoring.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the distributed flue gas velocity measuring method suitable for the large-section flue of the coal-fired equipment comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging sensing equipment in the flue;
s2: converting data received by the sensing equipment;
s3: converting the data into signals which can be received by an upper computer;
s4: and after the upper computer receives the signals, the signals are formed into images.
In step S1, a plurality of speed sensors are uniformly arranged on the cross section of the flue, and the speed sensors acquire flow signals of the flue gas speed at the cross section of the flue; the speed sensor is a cavity type speed sensor, the cavity type speed sensor is an electrostatic sensor based on a cross-correlation principle, and each electrostatic sensor outputs two paths of signals.
The speed sensors are uniformly arranged on the cross section of the flue at a certain height, the arrangement distance of the speed sensors is 0.75-2.0m, and the distance from the speed sensors to the wall surface of the flue is 0.3-0.7 m.
In step S2, the speed sensor is connected to the shielded wire, and the shielded wire sends the flow signal obtained by the speed sensor to the signal conditioning module; the signal adjusting module is an isolation transmitter module and converts a high-impedance low-power signal acquired by the speed sensor into a low-impedance high-power signal, and the low-impedance high-power signal meets the acquisition requirement of the data acquisition module.
In step S3, the data acquisition module acquires a signal adjusted by the signal adjustment module, and sends the signal to the digital signal processing module; and the digital signal processing module processes the received signals into data which can be read by a cross-correlation calculation module of the upper computer and sends the data to the cross-correlation calculation module.
In step S4, after receiving the data signal, the cross-correlation calculation module of the upper computer converts the data signal into a cloud chart through a speed measurement program and displays the cloud chart; the speed measurement procedure is a distributed speed measurement procedure.
Wherein the speed measurement procedure comprises: the device comprises a data acquisition module, a digital signal processing module, a cross-correlation calculation module, a cross-section flow field real-time inversion module and a data storage module; the data acquisition module is connected with the digital signal processing module; the digital signal processing module and the cross-correlation calculation module; the cross-correlation calculation module is connected with the cross-section flow field real-time inversion module; the data storage module is connected with the data acquisition module, the digital signal processing module, the cross-correlation calculation module and the cross-section flow field real-time inversion module.
Wherein, the cloud picture is a three-dimensional cloud picture or a two-dimensional cloud picture.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the distributed flue gas velocity measuring method suitable for the large-section flue of the coal-fired equipment can provide a feasible solution for the problems encountered in the flue gas flow field measurement in the large-section flue of the existing coal-fired equipment, realize the distributed flue gas velocity measurement and the flow field real-time monitoring of the large-section flue, and provide reliable data for the real-time regulation and control of production operation departments and the accurate pollution discharge statistics of environmental protection departments.
For a better understanding of the nature and technical aspects of the present invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are provided for purposes of illustration and description and are not intended to limit the invention.
Drawings
The technical solution and other advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a distributed flue gas velocity measurement method of the present invention suitable for use in large cross-section flues of coal burning equipment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a large cross-section flue gas velocity cloud formed by the cross-section flow field real-time inversion module of FIG. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the upper computer of fig. 1.
Reference numerals: 1: a flue; 2: a speed sensor; 3: an adjustment signal adjustment module; 4: a data acquisition module; 5: and (4) a speed measuring program.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a distributed flue gas velocity measurement method suitable for a large-section flue of coal-fired equipment includes: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging sensing equipment in the flue;
s2: converting data received by the sensing equipment;
s3: converting the data into signals which can be received by an upper computer;
s4: and after the upper computer receives the signals, the signals are formed into images.
Further, in the step S1, a plurality of speed sensors are uniformly arranged on the cross section of the flue, and the speed sensors acquire flow signals of the flue gas speed at the cross section of the flue; the speed sensor is a cavity type speed sensor, the cavity type speed sensor is an electrostatic sensor based on a cross-correlation principle, and each electrostatic sensor outputs two paths of signals.
The smoke dust of the cavity type speed sensor passes through the cavity, and two sensor signal receiving points of the electrostatic sensor of the cavity receive two paths of signals and output two paths of signals.
Two paths of signals of the electrostatic sensor are perpendicular to the incoming flow direction of the gas-solid two-phase flow and are arranged in parallel, and solid-phase particles exist in the gas-solid two-phase flow in the smoke. Collision, contact and separation between particles and pipes are difficult to avoid, so that the solid particles are self-charged, and the charges contain speed information of the corresponding solid particles. Therefore, the electrostatic sensor is used for capturing the signals, and the velocity parameters of the gas-solid two-phase flow can be obtained after some subsequent processing.
The self-charged solid-phase particles in the gas-solid two-phase flow can successively pass through two paths of signals of the electrostatic sensor, so that the two paths of signals can capture similar electrostatic induction signals in sequence, the delay time of the two similar electrostatic induction signals is calculated by utilizing a cross-correlation calculation module, and finally the flow velocity of the gas-solid two-phase flow, namely the flue gas velocity, can be calculated by simple physical relations among time, distance and velocity by combining the distance between the two paths of signals.
Furthermore, the plurality of speed sensors are uniformly arranged on the cross section of the flue at a certain height, the arrangement distance of the plurality of speed sensors is 0.75-2.0m, and the distance from the speed sensors to the wall surface of the flue is 0.3-0.7 m.
The speed sensors are arranged on the cross section of the flue, and the speed sensors are transversely arranged in M, longitudinally arranged in N, and totally M x N. The speed sensor arrangement pitch W is preferably 1m, and the distance of the speed sensor from the wall surface is preferably 0.5 m.
Further, in step S2, the speed sensor is connected to the shielded wire, and the shielded wire sends the flow signal obtained by the speed sensor to the signal conditioning module; the signal adjusting module is an isolation transmitter module and converts a high-impedance low-power signal acquired by the speed sensor into a low-impedance high-power signal, and the low-impedance high-power signal meets the acquisition requirement of the data acquisition module.
The signal adjusting module can transmit the signals of +/-V, +/-mA and +/-mV of the received speed sensors to the signals required by the data acquisition module through the signal adjusting module and transmit the signals to the data acquisition module in an isolating way, so that the signal interference among the speed sensors can be effectively inhibited, and the problem of ground potential difference among the speed sensors is solved.
Further, in step S3, the data acquisition module acquires a signal adjusted by the signal adjustment module, and sends the signal to the digital signal processing module; and the digital signal processing module processes the received signals into data which can be read by a cross-correlation calculation module of the upper computer and sends the data to the cross-correlation calculation module.
Further, in the step S4, after receiving the data signal, the cross-correlation calculation module of the upper computer converts the data signal into a cloud chart through a speed measurement program and displays the cloud chart; the speed measurement procedure is a distributed speed measurement procedure.
The cloud picture is an image capable of showing the change of the smoke in the flue, and can be a three-dimensional cloud picture or a two-dimensional cloud picture, and the three-dimensional cloud picture is preferred.
Further, the speed measurement procedure includes: the device comprises a data acquisition module, a digital signal processing module, a cross-correlation calculation module, a cross-section flow field real-time inversion module and a data storage module; the data acquisition module is connected with the digital signal processing module; the digital signal processing module and the cross-correlation calculation module; the cross-correlation calculation module is connected with the cross-section flow field real-time inversion module; the data storage module is connected with the data acquisition module, the digital signal processing module, the cross-correlation calculation module and the cross-section flow field real-time inversion module; the data acquisition module acquires the signals adjusted by the signal adjustment module and sends the signals to the digital signal processing module; the digital signal processing module processes the received signals into data which can be read by the cross-correlation calculation module and sends the data to the cross-correlation calculation module; the cross-correlation calculation module forms a three-dimensional cloud picture by the received data through the cross-section flow field real-time inversion module, the data are stored in the data storage module, and the cross-section flow field real-time inversion module displays the large-section flue gas velocity cloud picture in real time.
The data acquisition module and the digital signal processing module are integrated together, the data are processed after being acquired, the data are directly calculated through the cross-correlation calculation module, the two cross-correlation sequences are not turned over, are directly multiplied by sliding, are summed, and a three-dimensional cloud picture is formed through the cross-section flow field real-time inversion module.
Of modules for calculating the mutual correlation
Continuous function calculation formula
Discrete function calculation formula
(f*g)(x)≡∫f*(t)g(x+t)dt
In signal processing, cross-correlation is used to measure the similarity between the values of two time sequences f (t) and g (t) at two different times t1, t2, and the invention can be generally used to find a specific short sequence in a long sequence.
Smoke cross-correlation is used for correlation of two random sequences in mathematical statistics.
Therefore, the correlation between f (t) and g (t) is equal to f x (-t) convolved with g (t), but not reversed.
And calculating by the formula to realize that the section flow field real-time inversion module forms a three-dimensional cloud picture.
Furthermore, the data acquisition module is a data acquisition card and acquires data formed by the signal conditioning module; the digital signal processing module is a digital signal processor; the cross-correlation calculation module is a cross-correlation calculation convolution method; the cross section flow field real-time inversion module calculates the flue cross section flue gas flow velocity through a cross-correlation calculation method and displays the result on a computer display through the inversion module; the data storage module stores the data of the flue section flue gas flow velocity so as to be called in real time.
The sampling channel of the data acquisition card is more than 2M N, and the sampling rate is more than 20M N (unit KHz).
Example (b):
as shown in figure 1, the flue size is 14.0 x 4.0 square meters.
As shown in fig. 3, a distributed flue gas velocity measurement method suitable for a large-section flue of coal-fired equipment comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly arranging 14 cavity type speed sensors on a certain section of a flue, and capturing flow signals of each measuring point of a flow field;
2) sending the flowing signal to a signal adjusting module through a shielding wire to complete signal adjustment;
3) the data acquisition module is responsible for completing the conversion from the analog signals to the digital signals and sending the digital signals to an upper computer (speed measurement program);
4) and the upper computer runs a distributed speed measuring program, calculates the speed of the measuring point of each cavity type speed sensor according to the signals, and carries out real-time inversion on the cross-section flow field to generate a three-dimensional cloud picture of the flue flow field.
The cavity type speed sensor is an electrostatic sensor based on a cross-correlation principle, and each sensor outputs two paths of signals.
The cavity type speedtransmitter is evenly arranged on the cross section of a certain height of the flue, and the number of the cavity type speedtransmitter is 7 in the transverse direction, 2 in the longitudinal direction, and 14 in total, the arrangement distance W is 2.0m, and the distance from the wall surface is 1.0 m.
The signal adjusting module is a four-channel signal adjusting module and is responsible for converting high-impedance low-power signals captured by the cavity type speed sensor into low-impedance high-power signals so as to meet the acquisition requirements of the data acquisition card.
The number of sampling channels of the data acquisition card is 32, and the sampling rate is 625 KHz.
As shown in fig. 2, each module of the distributed speed measurement program is coordinated to complete the calculation of the speed of each measuring point and the generation of the large-section flue gas speed cloud chart, and the real-time display and the dynamic refresh are performed.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The distributed flue gas velocity measuring method suitable for the large-section flue of the coal-fired equipment is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, arranging sensing equipment in the flue;
s2: converting data received by the sensing equipment;
s3: converting the data into signals which can be received by an upper computer;
s4: and after the upper computer receives the signals, the signals are formed into images.
2. The distributed flue gas velocity measurement method applicable to the large-section flue of the coal-fired equipment as recited in claim 1, wherein in step S1, a plurality of velocity sensors are uniformly arranged on the cross section of the flue, and the velocity sensors acquire flow signals of the flue gas velocity at the cross section of the flue; the speed sensor is a cavity type speed sensor, the cavity type speed sensor is an electrostatic sensor based on a cross-correlation principle, and each electrostatic sensor outputs two paths of signals.
3. The method for measuring the distributed flue gas velocity applicable to the large-section flue of the coal-fired equipment as recited in claim 1, wherein the plurality of velocity sensors are uniformly arranged on the section of the flue at a certain height, the arrangement distance of the plurality of velocity sensors is 0.75-2.0m, and the distance from the wall surface of the flue is 0.3-0.7 m.
4. The distributed flue gas velocity measurement method applicable to the large-section flue of the coal-fired equipment as recited in claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the velocity sensor is connected with a shielding wire, and the shielding wire sends a flow signal obtained by the velocity sensor to the signal conditioning module; the signal adjusting module is an isolation transmitter module and converts a high-impedance low-power signal acquired by the speed sensor into a low-impedance high-power signal, and the low-impedance high-power signal meets the acquisition requirement of the data acquisition module.
5. The method for measuring the distributed flue gas velocity applicable to the large-section flue of the coal-fired equipment as recited in claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the data acquisition module acquires the signal adjusted by the signal adjustment module and sends the signal to the digital signal processing module; and the digital signal processing module processes the received signals into data which can be read by a cross-correlation calculation module of the upper computer and sends the data to the cross-correlation calculation module.
6. The distributed flue gas velocity measurement method applicable to the large-section flue of the coal-fired equipment as recited in claim 1, wherein in step S4, the cross-correlation calculation module of the upper computer receives the data signal and converts the data signal into a cloud chart through a velocity measurement program to be displayed; the speed measurement procedure is a distributed speed measurement procedure.
7. The distributed flue gas velocity measurement method suitable for the large-section flue of the coal-fired equipment as recited in claim 6, wherein the velocity measurement program comprises: the device comprises a data acquisition module, a digital signal processing module, a cross-correlation calculation module, a cross-section flow field real-time inversion module and a data storage module; the data acquisition module is connected with the digital signal processing module; the digital signal processing module and the cross-correlation calculation module; the cross-correlation calculation module is connected with the cross-section flow field real-time inversion module; the data storage module is connected with the data acquisition module, the digital signal processing module, the cross-correlation calculation module and the cross-section flow field real-time inversion module.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the cloud is a three-dimensional cloud or a two-dimensional cloud.
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