CN112964792B - Ultrasonic detection calibration test block and detection method for wheel rim - Google Patents
Ultrasonic detection calibration test block and detection method for wheel rim Download PDFInfo
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- CN112964792B CN112964792B CN202110136171.7A CN202110136171A CN112964792B CN 112964792 B CN112964792 B CN 112964792B CN 202110136171 A CN202110136171 A CN 202110136171A CN 112964792 B CN112964792 B CN 112964792B
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/30—Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic detection calibration test block for a wheel rim, which has a rim part similar to a wheel to be detected in shape and comprises: and the three flat bottom holes comprise a first flat bottom hole, a second flat bottom hole and a third flat bottom hole which are distributed in the rim area of the rim part, wherein the first flat bottom hole, the second flat bottom hole and the third flat bottom hole are all arranged to form an angle of 75 degrees with the inner side rim surface of the rim part, the embedded depth of the first flat bottom hole is designed to be 5mm, the embedded depth of the second flat bottom hole is designed to be 1/2 of the rim thickness, and the embedded depth of the third flat bottom hole is designed to be 5mm away from the inner side rim surface. The invention also discloses a detection method. The invention can realize the effective detection of the internal defects of the wheel rim area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit, in particular to an ultrasonic detection calibration test block for a wheel rim and a detection method.
Background
At present, the detection of internal defects of rim, hub and web areas of newly manufactured wheels is specified and described in detail in relevant standards and specifications of rail transit industry at home and abroad, but how to detect and accept internal defects of rim parts is not related. With the increasing quality problems of rim areas of wheels (tires), how to design a reasonable detection scheme to realize effective detection of internal defects of rim areas becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
Accordingly, there is a need in the art for an ultrasonic test calibration block and test method for a wheel rim that eliminates or at least alleviates all or part of the above-described deficiencies in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an ultrasonic detection calibration test block and a detection method for a wheel rim, which can realize effective detection of internal defects of a wheel rim region.
It is emphasized that the terms used herein, unless otherwise specified, are used in accordance with the ordinary meanings of the various technical and scientific terms in the art, the meanings of the technical terms defined in various technical dictionaries, textbooks, etc.
To this end, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an ultrasonic detection calibration block for a rim of a wheel, wherein the ultrasonic detection calibration block has a rim portion having a shape similar to that of a wheel to be measured, and comprises:
And the three flat bottom holes comprise a first flat bottom hole, a second flat bottom hole and a third flat bottom hole which are distributed in the rim area of the rim part, wherein the first flat bottom hole, the second flat bottom hole and the third flat bottom hole are all arranged at an angle of 75 degrees with the inner rim surface of the rim part, the embedded depth of the first flat bottom hole is designed to be 5mm, the embedded depth of the second flat bottom hole is designed to be 1/2 of the rim thickness, and the embedded depth of the third flat bottom hole is designed to be 5mm from the hole bottom of the third flat bottom hole to the inner rim surface.
Furthermore, the ultrasonic detection calibration test block for the wheel rim can be used for flaw detection sensitivity calibration of the rim area and can also be used for DAC curve production.
In another aspect, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for detecting a calibration block using the above-mentioned ultrasonic wave for a rim of a wheel, wherein the above-mentioned detection method includes:
first, a sensitivity calibration step is performed, which includes:
Selecting a proper straight probe;
Next, the straight probe is obliquely arranged at a position close to the inner rim surface of the rim part at a certain angle, then the straight probe is started to emit ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic waves enter the rim area through the water layer, wherein the angle of the straight probe can enable the ultrasonic waves to be obliquely incident to the inner rim surface, and after refraction, the ultrasonic waves are incident to the target flat bottom hole in parallel with the target flat bottom hole of the test block;
next, adjusting the instrument to enable the highest reflection amplitude of the artificial defect of the target flat bottom hole of the test block to reach 50% of the full screen height of the fluorescent screen, and taking the highest reflection amplitude as the flaw detection sensitivity;
next, selecting a proper gain value as the defect scanning sensitivity, and reducing the proper gain value for evaluation after finding defects;
And secondly, executing an acceptance step, wherein if the defect that the reflected wave height is greater than or equal to the wave height corresponding to the artificial defect mode on the reference block does not exist, the wheel rim is qualified, otherwise, if the defect that the reflected wave height is greater than or equal to the wave height corresponding to the artificial defect mode on the reference block exists, the wheel rim is unqualified.
Further, in one embodiment, in the step of selecting a suitable straight probe, a straight probe of 5MHz and φ 10 may be selected.
Further, in an embodiment, in the step of obliquely positioning the straight probe at an angle to a position near the inner rim surface of the rim portion, the straight probe may be inclined at an angle of about 77 ° to the inner rim surface.
Further, in an embodiment, in the step of obliquely positioning the straight probe at an angle near the inner rim surface of the rim portion, the straight probe may be spaced 20mm from the inner rim surface.
Further, in one embodiment, the target flat bottom hole of the test block may have a diameter of 1mm, 2mm, or 3 mm.
Further, in an embodiment, in the step of "selecting an appropriate gain value as the defect scanning sensitivity, after finding a defect, reducing the appropriate gain value for evaluation", the appropriate gain value may be 6dB.
Further, in an embodiment, the detection method according to any one of the above embodiments may be applied to detect rail wheels.
The ultrasonic detection calibration test block and the detection method for the wheel rim provided by the embodiment of the invention have the following beneficial effects:
the invention can realize the effective detection of the internal defects of the rim part of the newly manufactured wheel.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and without limitation to the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of a method of detecting an ultrasonic detection calibration block for a wheel rim according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 2 to 4 are schematic views showing detection of three flat bottom holes by a detection method of an ultrasonic detection calibration block for a rim of a wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention, respectively;
fig. 5 schematically shows a flow chart of a method for detecting a rim of a wheel according to an embodiment of the invention.
Description of element reference numerals
1: A straight probe; 2: an inner rim surface; 3: a flat bottom hole; 31: a first flat bottom hole; 32: a second flat bottom hole; 33: and a third flat bottom hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments of the present invention and corresponding drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The following describes in detail the technical solution provided according to the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of a method of detecting an ultrasonic detection calibration block for a wheel rim according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the ultrasonic detection of the manual evaluation hole defects arranged in the rim region is realized by using a water immersion method and utilizing the refraction principle of waves by controlling the distance and the angle between the straight probe 1 and the inner rim surface 2.
In one aspect, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an ultrasonic detection calibration test block for a rim of a wheel, wherein the ultrasonic detection calibration test block has a rim portion having a shape similar to that of a wheel to be measured, and includes:
And three flat bottom holes 3 including a first flat bottom hole 31, a second flat bottom hole 32, and a third flat bottom hole 33 distributed in a rim region of the rim portion, wherein the first flat bottom hole 31, the second flat bottom hole 32, and the third flat bottom hole 33 are each disposed at an angle of 75 ° to an inner rim surface of the rim portion, and a burial depth L1 of the first flat bottom hole 31 is designed to be 5mm, a burial depth L2 of the second flat bottom hole 32 is designed to be 1/2 of a rim thickness, and a burial depth L3 of the third flat bottom hole 33 is designed to be 5mm from the inner rim surface 2.
Further, the ultrasonic detection calibration block for the rim of the wheel can be used for flaw detection sensitivity calibration of the rim area, and can also be used for manufacturing DAC curves (distance amplitude curve, also called distance-amplitude curves).
On the other hand, as shown in fig. 5, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a detection method for detecting a calibration block using the above-mentioned ultrasonic wave for a rim of a wheel, wherein the above-mentioned detection method includes:
first, a sensitivity calibration step is performed, which includes:
Selecting a proper straight probe 1;
next, the straight probe 1 is obliquely arranged at a certain angle at a position close to the inner rim surface 2 of the rim part, then the straight probe 1 is started to emit ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic waves enter the rim area through the water layer, wherein the angle of the straight probe 1 is capable of enabling the ultrasonic waves to be obliquely incident on the inner rim surface 2, and after refraction, the ultrasonic waves are incident on the target flat bottom hole in parallel with the target flat bottom hole of the test block;
next, adjusting the instrument to enable the highest reflection amplitude of the artificial defect of the target flat bottom hole of the test block to reach 50% of the full screen height of the fluorescent screen, and taking the highest reflection amplitude as the flaw detection sensitivity;
next, selecting a proper gain value as the defect scanning sensitivity, and reducing the proper gain value for evaluation after finding defects;
And secondly, executing an acceptance step, wherein if the defect that the reflected wave height is greater than or equal to the wave height corresponding to the artificial defect mode on the reference block does not exist, the wheel rim is qualified, otherwise, if the defect that the reflected wave height is greater than or equal to the wave height corresponding to the artificial defect mode on the reference block exists, the wheel rim is unqualified.
Further, in one embodiment, in the step of selecting a suitable straight probe, a straight probe of 5MHz and φ 10 may be selected. For example, in the example shown in FIGS. 2-4, the present invention may be used with a 5MHz, 10mm phid straight probe.
Further, in an embodiment, in the step of obliquely positioning the straight probe 1 at an angle to a position close to the inner rim surface 2 of the rim portion, the straight probe 1 may be inclined at an angle of 77 ° to the inner rim surface 2, as shown in fig. 2 to 4. In actual working conditions, the angle of the straight probe 1 relative to the inner rim surface 2 may be appropriately adjusted as required, so that the ultrasonic waves can be obliquely incident on the inner rim surface 2 by the angle at which the straight probe 1 is inclined, and after being refracted, the ultrasonic waves are incident on the target flat bottom hole in parallel with the target flat bottom hole of the test block.
Further, in an embodiment, in the step of obliquely positioning the straight probe 1 at an angle to a position close to the inner rim surface 2 of the rim portion, the straight probe 1 may be spaced 20mm from the inner rim surface 2.
Further, in one embodiment, the target flat bottom hole of the test block has a diameter of 1mm, 2mm, or 3 mm. For example, in the example of fig. 2, the first flat bottom hole 31 as the target flat bottom hole may have a diameter of 3 mm; in the example of fig. 3, the second flat bottom hole 32 as the target flat bottom hole may have a diameter of 3 mm; in the example of fig. 4, the third flat bottom hole 33 as the target flat bottom hole may have a diameter of 3 mm. In other embodiments, the first flat bottom hole 31, the second flat bottom hole 32, or the third flat bottom hole 33 as the target flat bottom hole may also have a diameter of 2 mm.
Further, in an embodiment, in the step of "selecting an appropriate gain value as the defect scanning sensitivity, after finding a defect, reducing the appropriate gain value for evaluation", the appropriate gain value may be 6dB. The appropriate gain value may also be other values in other embodiments, as desired.
Further, in an embodiment, the detection method according to any one of the above embodiments may be applied to detect rail wheels.
A detection method using an ultrasonic detection calibration block for a wheel rim according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below by way of example with reference to fig. 2 to 4.
Referring to fig. 2 to 4, three flat bottom holes 3 having different depths, i.e., a first flat bottom hole 31, a second flat bottom hole 32 and a third flat bottom hole 33, are designed in the rim region of the ultrasonic detection calibration block for a wheel rim of the present invention, wherein the first flat bottom hole 31, the second flat bottom hole 32 and the third flat bottom hole 33 may be disposed at an angle of 75 ° with respect to the inner rim surface 2. Also, the first flat bottom hole 31 burial depth L1 may be 5mm; the burial depth L2 of the second flat bottom hole 32 may be 1/2 of the rim thickness, for example 17mm; the burial depth L3 of the third flat bottom hole 33 may be designed such that the bottom of the third flat bottom hole 33 is 5mm from the inner rim surface. The ultrasonic detection calibration test block can be used for carrying out flaw detection sensitivity calibration and DAC curve production on the rim area.
The probe can be a 5MHz and phi 10mm straight probe.
Then, flaw detection is performed using the ultrasonic detection calibration block for a wheel rim described above.
First, a sensitivity calibration step is performed.
A straight probe 1 of 5MHz and phi 10mm is obliquely placed in the region of the inner rim surface 2 at an angle of about 77 deg. to the inner rim surface 2 of the rim portion and spaced about 20mm from the inner rim surface 2; next, the straight probe 1 is started to emit ultrasonic waves, and the ultrasonic waves enter the rim region through the water layer; next, adjusting the instrument to enable the highest reflection amplitude of the artificial defect of the phi 3mm flat bottom hole on the test block to reach 50% of the full screen height of the fluorescent screen, and taking the maximum reflection amplitude as the flaw detection sensitivity; next, the gain of 6dB can be used as the defect scanning sensitivity, and after the defect is found, the gain is reduced by 6dB for evaluation.
2) Next, an acceptance step is performed.
The acceptance criterion is that the reflected wave height is not allowed to be larger than or equal to the wave height of the corresponding artificial defect mode on the reference block. Therefore, if the reflected wave height is greater than or equal to the defect corresponding to the wave height of the artificial defect mode on the reference block, the wheel rim is qualified, otherwise, if the reflected wave height is greater than or equal to the defect corresponding to the wave height of the artificial defect mode on the reference block, the wheel rim is unqualified.
In summary, the ultrasonic detection calibration test block and the detection method for the wheel rim according to the embodiments of the present invention are a brand new design, and can realize effective detection of internal defects in a newly manufactured wheel rim region.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting thereof; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for detecting a rim of a wheel, the method using an ultrasonic detection calibration block having a rim portion of similar shape to a wheel to be detected, the method comprising:
The three flat bottom holes comprise a first flat bottom hole, a second flat bottom hole and a third flat bottom hole which are distributed in the rim area of the rim part, wherein the first flat bottom hole, the second flat bottom hole and the third flat bottom hole are all arranged at an angle of 75 degrees with the inner rim surface of the rim part, the embedded depth of the first flat bottom hole is designed to be 5mm, the embedded depth of the second flat bottom hole is designed to be 1/2 of the rim thickness, and the embedded depth of the third flat bottom hole is designed to be 5mm away from the inner rim surface;
The method comprises the following steps:
first, a sensitivity calibration step is performed, which includes:
selecting a straight probe with the frequency of 5MHz and phi 10;
Next, the straight probe is obliquely arranged at a position close to the inner rim surface of the rim part in a mode of forming an angle of 77 degrees with the inner rim surface, then the straight probe is started to emit ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic waves enter the rim area through the water layer, the angle of the straight probe enables the ultrasonic waves to be obliquely incident on the inner rim surface, and after refraction, the ultrasonic waves are incident on the target flat bottom hole in parallel with the target flat bottom hole of the test block;
next, adjusting the instrument to enable the highest reflection amplitude of the artificial defect of the target flat bottom hole to reach 50% of the full screen height of the fluorescent screen, and taking the highest reflection amplitude as the flaw detection sensitivity;
next, selecting a proper gain value as the defect scanning sensitivity, and reducing the proper gain value for evaluation after finding defects;
Secondly, executing an acceptance step, wherein if the reflected wave height is not greater than or equal to the defect corresponding to the wave height of the artificial defect mode on the reference block, the wheel rim is qualified, otherwise, if the reflected wave height is greater than or equal to the defect corresponding to the wave height of the artificial defect mode on the reference block, the wheel rim is unqualified;
in the step of obliquely positioning the straight probe at an angle of 77 ° to the inner rim surface at a position close to the inner rim surface of the rim portion, the straight probe is spaced 20mm from the inner rim surface;
In the step of selecting an appropriate gain value as the defect scanning sensitivity, and reducing the appropriate gain value for evaluation after finding defects, the appropriate gain value is 6dB;
the target flat bottom hole of the test block has a diameter of 1mm, 2mm or 3 mm;
the device is suitable for detecting the rail wheels.
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| CN202110136171.7A CN112964792B (en) | 2021-02-01 | 2021-02-01 | Ultrasonic detection calibration test block and detection method for wheel rim |
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| CN202110136171.7A CN112964792B (en) | 2021-02-01 | 2021-02-01 | Ultrasonic detection calibration test block and detection method for wheel rim |
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