CN112920001A - Method for preparing nano aluminum/porous copper oxide nano thermite by self-assembly of P4VP - Google Patents
Method for preparing nano aluminum/porous copper oxide nano thermite by self-assembly of P4VP Download PDFInfo
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- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
- C06B33/02—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide with an organic non-explosive or an organic non-thermic component
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a nano aluminum/porous copper oxide nano thermite by P4VP self-assembly. The method comprises two stages, the first stage, Cu (NO) is adopted3)2·H2O and urea obtain a copper oxide precursor, then calcining the copper oxide precursor at high temperature to obtain sheet-shaped porous copper oxide, and then physically mixing the porous copper oxide and nano aluminum powder to obtain the nAl/pCuO energetic composite material; the second stage is a P4VP self-assembly stage, a P4VP isopropanol solution is prepared, then nano aluminum powder is added for ultrasonic dispersion, then porous copper oxide suspension is added while stirring, finally, the nano aluminum powder and the copper oxide are subjected to ultrasonic dispersion again, and the suspension is subjected to suction filtration and washing to obtain the nAl/pCuO @ P4VP nano thermite. The nanometer thermite prepared by the invention has agglomerated componentsThe phenomenon is reduced, the contact area between the nano aluminum powder and the copper oxide is greatly increased, and the promotion effect on improving the energy release and the reaction performance of the nano thermite is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of energetic materials, and relates to a method for preparing a nano aluminum/porous copper oxide nano thermite by self-assembly of P4 VP.
Background
The nano thermite is generally prepared from nano metal (Al, Mg, etc.) and metal oxide (CuO, Co)3O4Etc.) has become an important direction in the research of nano energetic materials due to its advantages of high reactivity and high energy density, etc., and has attracted the interest of many researchers. At present, the preparation method of the nano thermite mainly comprises the following steps: physical mixing, sol-gel methods, reaction-inhibited ball milling methods, self-assembly methods, physical vapor deposition methods, atomic layer deposition, and the like.
The physical mixing method is the simplest method for preparing the nano thermite, and the nano aluminum powder and the oxide are uniformly dispersed in the organic solvent by adopting an ultrasonic technology, but the problems of nonuniform mixing and poor product consistency of the nano thermite prepared by the method are easy to occur. Organic impurities introduced in the preparation process of the sol-gel method can reduce the reactivity of the nano energetic material, and in addition, an agglomeration phenomenon can occur. Physical vapor deposition and atomic layer deposition can make the contact between different components more compact and shorten the mass transfer distance of reactants, but the methods have high cost and higher requirements on equipment. The self-assembly method is to compound aluminum powder and functionalized nano oxide particles on a nano scale, and the prepared nano composite material has obviously improved performance due to the close contact among the particles. For more ordered assembly, metal particles are often coated on the surface of the material with the nanorod structure or in ordered channels in the mesoporous oxide.
In the current research of the self-assembly nano thermite, some surfactants and biomolecules are often used to realize the direct compounding of nano aluminum powder and oxide. For example, Slocik et al supported Fe on ferritin clathrates2O3And (3) nano particles, and then assembling the loaded cage ferritin and nano aluminum. (Slocik J M, Cross C A, Spowart J E, et al.Biologic able reliable reactivity of energetic nanomaterials using protein capsules [ J]Nano Letters,2013,13(6):2535-3O4And the aluminum powder is compounded with the nano aluminum powder, and the prepared rod-shaped nano thermite releases heat up to 2612 J.g-1And has good thermal performance (bear's coma. Co)3/O4Preparation, characterization and combustion performance research of/Al nano thermite [ D]Nanjing university of justice, 2017.).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a nano aluminum/porous copper oxide nano thermite by self-assembly of P4 VP. The surface of the nano oxide particles is coated with a layer of surfactant, and the nano aluminum particles are assembled with the oxide on the molecular level through the electrostatic attraction on the surface of the oxide, so that the nano aluminum and the oxide reach an ordered control state. The ordered arrangement can make the contact between the oxide particles and the nano aluminum particles more compact, and the reaction contact area can be increased, thereby promoting the combustion performance of the thermite to be enhanced.
The technical scheme for realizing the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing a nano-aluminum/porous copper oxide nano-thermite by self-assembly of P4VP comprises the following steps:
step 1: the porous copper oxide precursor is prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis method by using copper nitrate trihydrate and urea as raw materials.
Step 2: and (3) calcining the copper oxide precursor at high temperature to obtain the flaky porous copper oxide.
And step 3: preparing a P4VP isopropanol solution, and then adding nano aluminum powder for ultrasonic dispersion.
And 4, step 4: ultrasonically dispersing the porous copper oxide in isopropanol, then stirring the nano aluminum powder suspension in the step 3, and adding the copper oxide suspension into the mixture for three times in the stirring process.
And 5: and carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying on the suspension to obtain the nAl @ pCuO @ P4VP nano thermite.
Preferably, the temperature of the hydrothermal synthesis is 100-150 ℃, and the reaction time is 3-6 h.
Preferably, the calcination temperature of the precursor is 500-600 ℃, and the calcination time is 3-10 h.
Preferably, the concentration of the P4VP isopropanol solution is 0.1-0.2% (W/V).
Preferably, the time interval between two additions of the copper oxide suspension is 10 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the flaky porous copper oxide increases the contact area between the aluminum powder and the oxidant, improves the mass and heat transfer efficiency and is beneficial to the release of the energy of the thermite; (2) the P4VP is adopted for self-assembly, so that the agglomeration phenomenon among components can be reduced, and aluminum powder and porous copper oxide can be orderly combined; (3) the P4VP is adopted to coat the aluminum powder, so that the oxidation process of the nano aluminum powder can be slowed down.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of preparation of nAl/pCuO @ P4VP nano thermite.
Fig. 2 is an SEM image of the nano thermite prepared in example 1.
Fig. 3 is an SEM image of the nano thermite prepared in comparative example 1.
FIG. 4 is a DSC curve of the nano thermite prepared in example 1, comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Step 1: 12.08g of copper nitrate trihydrate and 3.003g of urea were dissolved in 500mL of deionized water and stirred for 30 min.
Step 2: and (3) pouring the solution obtained in the step (1) into a high-pressure hydrothermal kettle for hydrothermal synthesis, wherein the reaction temperature is 130 ℃, and the reaction time is 4 hours.
And step 3: and filtering, washing with deionized water, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol and drying the product of the hydrothermal synthesis to obtain the porous copper oxide precursor.
And 4, step 4: and calcining the precursor by using a muffle furnace, wherein the calcining temperature is 500 ℃, and the calcining time is 4 h.
And 5: 0.1g of P4VP is dissolved in 100mL of isopropanol, then 0.346g of nano aluminum powder is added, and ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 1 h.
Step 6: 1g of flake porous copper oxide was added to 100mL of isopropanol and dispersed by sonication for 1 h.
And 7: and (3) dispersing the nano aluminum powder suspension in the step 5 by using magnetic stirring, then pouring about 33mL of porous copper oxide suspension, adding about 33mL of copper oxide suspension after 10min, and adding the rest suspension after 20 min.
And 8: and (3) carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed suspension for 30min, then carrying out suction filtration, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in a water bath at 50 ℃.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of preparation of nAl/pCuO @ P4VP nano thermite, and FIG. 2 is an SEM image of nano thermite, from which it can be seen that nano aluminum particles are uniformly distributed on flake porous copper. FIG. 3 is a DSC curve of the nano thermite, which shows that the nano thermite has an exothermic peak at 465.4-642.6 ℃ and 651.6-849.2 ℃.
Example 2
Step 1: 12.08g of copper nitrate trihydrate and 3.003g of urea were dissolved in 500mL of deionized water and stirred for 30 min.
Step 2: and (3) pouring the solution obtained in the step (1) into a high-pressure hydrothermal kettle for hydrothermal synthesis, wherein the reaction temperature is 130 ℃, and the reaction time is 4 hours.
And step 3: and filtering, washing with deionized water, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol and drying the product of the hydrothermal synthesis to obtain the porous copper oxide precursor.
And 4, step 4: and calcining the precursor by using a muffle furnace, wherein the calcining temperature is 500 ℃, and the calcining time is 4 h.
And 5: 0.2g of P4VP is dissolved in 100mL of isopropanol, then 0.346g of nano aluminum powder is added, and ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 1 h.
Step 6: 1g of flake porous copper oxide was added to 100mL of isopropanol and dispersed by sonication for 1 h.
And 7: and (3) dispersing the nano aluminum powder suspension in the step 5 by using magnetic stirring, then pouring about 33mL of porous copper oxide suspension, adding about 33mL of copper oxide suspension after 10min, and adding the rest suspension after 20 min.
And 8: and (3) carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed suspension for 30min, then carrying out suction filtration, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in a water bath at 50 ℃.
Example 3
Step 1: 12.08g of copper nitrate trihydrate and 3.003g of urea were dissolved in 500mL of deionized water and stirred for 30 min.
Step 2: and (3) pouring the solution obtained in the step (1) into a high-pressure hydrothermal kettle for hydrothermal synthesis, wherein the reaction temperature is 130 ℃, and the reaction time is 4 hours.
And step 3: and filtering, washing with deionized water, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol and drying the product of the hydrothermal synthesis to obtain the porous copper oxide precursor.
And 4, step 4: and calcining the precursor by using a muffle furnace, wherein the calcining temperature is 500 ℃, and the calcining time is 4 h.
And 5: 0.2g of P4VP was dissolved in 100mL of isopropanol, and then 0.484g of nano-aluminum powder was added and ultrasonically dispersed for 1 h.
Step 6: 1g of flake porous copper oxide was added to 100mL of isopropanol and dispersed by sonication for 1 h.
And 7: and (3) dispersing the nano aluminum powder suspension in the step 5 by using magnetic stirring, then pouring about 66mL of porous copper oxide suspension, adding about 66mL of copper oxide suspension after 10min, and adding the rest suspension after 20 min.
And 8: and (3) carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed suspension for 1h, then carrying out suction filtration, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in a water bath at 50 ℃.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is basically the same as the example 1, and the only difference is that the porous copper oxide and the P4VP are firstly compounded, and then the nano aluminum powder is added for ultrasonic mixing to obtain the nano thermite. Fig. 3 is an SEM image of the nano thermite obtained under this comparative example. Comparing it with fig. 2, the amount of nano aluminum powder on the flaky porous copper oxide is significantly reduced. It can also be seen from FIG. 4 that the DSC curves of the nano-thermite prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1 are sharper in the two exothermic peaks than in comparative example 1 under the argon atmosphere with a temperature rise rate of 20K/min and a gas velocity of 30L/min, indicating that the energy release rate of the nano-thermite prepared in comparative example 1 is relatively slow.
Comparative example 2
The nano thermite prepared by the comparative example is only prepared by adopting a pure ultrasonic physical mixing mode, namely 0.346g of nano aluminum powder and 1g of porous copper oxide are simultaneously added into 100mL of isopropanol, then ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 1h, and the nAl/pCuO nano thermite without P4VP is obtained after washing and drying.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preparing a nano aluminum/porous copper oxide nano thermite by self-assembly of P4VP is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: preparing a porous copper oxide precursor by using copper nitrate trihydrate and urea as raw materials through a hydrothermal synthesis method;
step 2: obtaining flaky porous copper oxide from a copper oxide precursor in a high-temperature calcination mode;
and step 3: preparing a P4VP isopropanol solution, and then adding nano aluminum powder for ultrasonic dispersion;
and 4, step 4: ultrasonically dispersing porous copper oxide in isopropanol, stirring the nano aluminum powder suspension in the step 3, and adding the copper oxide suspension into the mixture for three times in the stirring process;
and 5: and carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying on the suspension to obtain the nAl @ pCuO @ P4VP nano thermite.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the temperature of the hydrothermal synthesis is 100-150 ℃ and the reaction time is 3-6 h.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the calcination temperature of the precursor is 400-600 ℃, and the calcination time is 3-10 h.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the concentration of the P4VP isopropanol solution is 0.1-0.2% W/V.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the ultrasonic dispersion time is 30-60 min.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the time interval of each addition of the porous copper oxide is 10-20 min, and the amount of each addition is 30-70 mL.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113845397A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-28 | 重庆大学 | Porous hollow structure thermite and preparation method thereof |
| CN114410147A (en) * | 2021-12-26 | 2022-04-29 | 南京理工大学 | Preparation method of nano thermite energetic printing ink |
| CN115417737A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-12-02 | 南京理工大学 | Molybdenum oxide-based thermite and preparation method thereof |
| CN116023198A (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-04-28 | 南京理工大学 | Thermite/perovskite energetic compound composite material and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113845397A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-28 | 重庆大学 | Porous hollow structure thermite and preparation method thereof |
| CN114410147A (en) * | 2021-12-26 | 2022-04-29 | 南京理工大学 | Preparation method of nano thermite energetic printing ink |
| CN115417737A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-12-02 | 南京理工大学 | Molybdenum oxide-based thermite and preparation method thereof |
| CN115417737B (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2023-09-01 | 南京理工大学 | Molybdenum oxide-based thermite and preparation method thereof |
| CN116023198A (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-04-28 | 南京理工大学 | Thermite/perovskite energetic compound composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN116023198B (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2024-06-07 | 南京理工大学 | Thermite/perovskite energetic compound composite material and preparation method thereof |
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