CN112928482B - Reflection type microwave band programmable 1-bit super surface for multi-beam forming - Google Patents
Reflection type microwave band programmable 1-bit super surface for multi-beam forming Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reflective microwave band programmable 1-bit super surface for multi-beam forming, which comprises an upper layer resonance ring, an upper layer dielectric layer, a middle bottom plate, a lower layer dielectric layer and a bottom layer microstrip line which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the upper layer resonance ring is used as a passive resonance unit structure; the bottom microstrip line is used for phase shifting; the super-surface is arranged according to a number 0 and a number 1 and is used for carrying out programmable shaping operation on a plurality of beams. The invention resonates through the resonant ring, the structure is centrosymmetric, and the angle stability is ensured; the bottom plate is arranged between the two layers of media, so that the problem that the reflection efficiency of the existing reflection-type super surface is not high enough is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic field and microwave communication, and particularly relates to a reflection type microwave band programmable 1-bit super surface for multi-beam forming.
Background
In recent years, the introduction and development of artificial electromagnetic surfaces (also called super surfaces) provides a completely new method and means for regulating and controlling electromagnetic waves in millimeter wave and microwave frequency bands. An artificial electromagnetic surface is an artificial electromagnetic structure with unique electromagnetic properties, and is generally composed of sub-wavelength units which are periodically arranged. The unique arrangement and design can realize the properties which are not possessed by natural materials. By designing the structural size of the super-surface unit, the super-surface can work in a specific working frequency band, and the electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics such as phase, amplitude and polarization direction can be accurately regulated and controlled. Compared with the traditional method of regulating and controlling the electromagnetic wave through a feed network, the method has the advantages of simpler structure, lower cost, richer use scenes and the like by regulating and controlling the electromagnetic wave through the artificial electromagnetic material.
The traditional device for multi-beam forming is generally a phased array, and the phased array has various inconveniences due to the reasons of higher cost, complex device, incapability of being flexibly installed and used and the like. With the proposal of generalized Snell's law, the basic law of the electromagnetic characteristics of the super-surface is described, and the phase discontinuity of the electromagnetic wave generated when the super-surface reflects or transmits and the abnormal reflection and abnormal refraction behaviors generated along with the phase discontinuity are considered. People can design an artificial surface structure to artificially control the phase discontinuity, and then can utilize the two-dimensional super surface to regulate and control the space wave to achieve the purpose of randomly controlling reflected waves and refracted waves. The invention can design random phase distribution by using the point, and complete the programmable super surface and then the function of shaping the wave beam.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing multi-beam shaping structure is too high in cost, complex in structure device and inflexible in application and the traditional reflection-type super surface places a diode on a reflection surface to cause errors, and provides a reflection-type microwave band programmable 1-bit super surface for multi-beam shaping.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a reflective microwave band programmable 1-bit super surface for multi-beam forming comprises an upper resonant ring, an upper dielectric layer, a middle bottom plate, a lower dielectric layer and a bottom microstrip line which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
the upper layer resonance ring is used as a passive resonance unit structure; the bottom microstrip line is used for phase shifting; the super-surface is arranged according to a number 0 and a number 1 and is used for carrying out programmable shaping operation on a plurality of beams.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention resonates through the resonant ring, the structure is centrosymmetric, and the angle stability is ensured; the bottom plate is arranged between the two layers of media, so that the problem that the reflection efficiency of the existing reflection-type super surface is not high enough is solved.
(2) The diode is arranged at the lowest layer and layered with the reflection resonance surface, the control of the reflection phase of 180 degrees and 0 degrees is successfully completed through the diode, the programmable multi-beam forming function is realized through the array forming mode, the problem that the radiation is influenced by the diode per se when the super-surface reflection phase modulation is realized by utilizing the diode in the prior art is solved, and the error caused by the traditional method that the diode structure is arranged on the upper layer of the super-surface is effectively reduced.
(3) According to the invention, alternating current isolation in the circuit is realized through two metal via holes for receiving different polarized waves, the problems of overhigh cost, complex structural device and inflexible application of the conventional multi-beam shaping structure are solved, the function of electrically controlled multi-beam shaping is realized, and the huge error caused by not performing alternating current isolation or the cost and the error caused by a separate alternating current isolation circuit in the traditional diode-based super-surface phase modulation are reduced.
Furthermore, metal through holes are formed in the upper layer resonance ring and the bottom layer microstrip line; the metal via is used for DC biasing and transmitting induced current.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: in the invention, the metal via hole is used for connecting the upper layer resonance ring and the lower layer microstrip line.
Further, the thickness of the metal via is 2.58mm, and the radius is 0.2 mm.
Furthermore, the upper layer resonance ring and the bottom layer microstrip line form an isolation structure through a direct current conduction metal column and an alternating current conduction metal column.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: in the invention, the super-surface adopts an alternating current isolation mode, adopts the metal column for direct current feed and the metal column for alternating current to pass through, and can receive induced currents of different polarized waves, thereby achieving alternating current isolation, greatly reducing the interference of alternating current on the variable capacitance diode, and greatly improving the accuracy of beam forming, wherein the direct current conducting metal columns are arranged at two sides, and the alternating current conducting metal column is arranged in the middle.
Further, the outer diameter of the upper layer resonance ring is 5.59mm, and the inner diameter is 0.24 mm; the center of the upper layer resonance ring is provided with a round hole for generating resonance current by resonance.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: in the invention, the size of the upper layer resonance ring is optimized and adjusted, so that the working frequency range is more accurate and effective.
Further, the calculation formula of the radius a of the upper layer resonance ring (1) is as follows:
wherein k represents a propagation constant of electromagnetic waves in the medium, h represents a thickness of the dielectric substrate, and εrDenotes the relative dielectric constant, frIndicating the operating frequency.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: in the invention, the size of the super surface is limited, so that the reflection efficiency in an X wave band is higher, and the unit is smaller, so that the application is more convenient and flexible.
Furthermore, the upper dielectric layer and the lower dielectric layer are both made of Rogers RT5880 materials, the relative dielectric constant epsilon' is 2.2, and the loss tangent tan delta is 0.009; the thickness of the upper dielectric layer is 2.54 mm; the thickness of the lower dielectric layer is 0.254 mm; the length and the width of the upper dielectric layer and the lower dielectric layer are both 21.2 mm.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: in the invention, the material with the dielectric constant can reduce the unit volume in the working frequency band and improve the reflection efficiency of the unit.
Furthermore, a round hole is formed in the middle bottom plate.
The beneficial effects of the above further scheme are: in the invention, the middle bottom plate is also provided with a round hole for the metal through hole to pass through, thereby solving the problems of overhigh cost, complex structural device and inflexible application of the traditional multi-beam forming structure.
Further, the width of the bottom layer microstrip line is 0.4mm, and the length is 4.83 mm.
Furthermore, a variable capacitance diode is fixedly arranged in the bottom microstrip line; the varactor has a width of 0.4mm and a length of 0.77 mm.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: in the invention, the diode is arranged below the lower dielectric layer and is separated from the resonant structure by the diode, so that the influence of the diode on the resonant structure is avoided, the engineering realization is easy, and the errors caused by reflection of the diode and the engineering errors in processing are greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a super surface;
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a DC/AC conductive metal pillar;
FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of an upper resonant ring;
fig. 4 is a structural view of a bottom layer microstrip line;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the return loss of the input at S11;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the phase difference of the super-surface unit under two bias voltages:
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an array layout;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of array multi-beam shaping;
in the figure, 1, an upper resonant ring; 2. an upper dielectric layer; 3. a middle base plate; 4. a lower dielectric layer; 5. a bottom layer microstrip line.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a reflective microwave band programmable 1-bit super surface for multi-beam forming, which comprises an upper layer resonance ring 1, an upper layer dielectric layer 2, a middle bottom plate 3, a lower layer dielectric layer 4 and a bottom layer microstrip line 5, which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
the upper layer resonance ring 1 is used as a passive resonance unit structure; the bottom layer microstrip line 5 is used for phase shifting; the super-surface is arranged according to a number 0 and a number 1 and is used for carrying out programmable shaping operation on a plurality of beams.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, metal via holes are formed on both the upper layer resonance ring 1 and the bottom layer microstrip line 5; the metal via is used for DC biasing and transmitting induced current.
In the invention, the metal via hole is used for connecting the upper layer resonance ring and the lower layer microstrip line.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the thickness of the metal via is 2.58mm, and the radius is 0.2 mm.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the upper layer resonant ring 1 and the bottom layer microstrip line 5 form an isolation structure through a dc conductive metal pillar and an ac conductive metal pillar.
In the invention, the super-surface adopts an alternating current isolation mode, adopts the metal column for direct current feed and the metal column for alternating current to pass through, and can receive induced currents of different polarized waves, thereby achieving alternating current isolation, greatly reducing the interference of alternating current on the variable capacitance diode, and greatly improving the accuracy of beam forming, wherein the direct current conducting metal columns are arranged at two sides, and the alternating current conducting metal column is arranged in the middle.
In the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 3, the outer diameter of the upper layer resonance ring 1 is 5.59mm, and the inner diameter is 0.24 mm; the center of the upper layer resonance ring 1 is provided with a round hole for generating resonance current by resonance.
In the invention, the size of the upper layer resonance ring is optimized and adjusted, so that the working frequency band is more accurate and effective.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the formula for calculating the radius a of the upper resonant ring 1 is as follows:
wherein k represents a propagation constant of electromagnetic waves in the medium, h represents a thickness of the dielectric substrate, and εrDenotes the relative dielectric constant, frIndicating the operating frequency.
In the invention, the size of the super surface is limited, so that the reflection efficiency in an X wave band is higher, and the unit is smaller, so that the application is more convenient and flexible.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the upper dielectric layer 2 and the lower dielectric layer 4 are both made of Rogers RT5880 material, and have a relative dielectric constant ∈' of 2.2 and a loss tangent tan δ of 0.009; the thickness of the upper dielectric layer 2 is 2.54 mm; the thickness of the lower dielectric layer 4 is 0.254 mm; the length and the width of the upper dielectric layer 2 and the lower dielectric layer 4 are both 21.2 mm.
In the invention, the material with the dielectric constant can reduce the unit volume in the working frequency band and improve the reflection efficiency of the unit.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, a circular hole is formed on the middle bottom plate 3.
In the invention, the middle bottom plate is also provided with a round hole for the metal through hole to pass through, thereby solving the problems of overhigh cost, complex structural device and inflexible application of the existing multi-beam forming structure.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the width of the bottom layer microstrip line 5 is 0.4mm, and the length is 4.83 mm.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, a varactor diode is fixedly disposed in the bottom microstrip line 5; the varactor has a width of 0.4mm and a length of 0.77 mm.
In the invention, the diode is arranged below the lower dielectric layer and is separated from the resonant structure by the diode, so that the influence of the diode on the resonant structure is avoided, the engineering realization is easy, and the errors caused by reflection of the diode and the engineering errors in processing are greatly reduced.
In the embodiment of the invention, a reflection-type super surface is designed, a traditional electromagnetic coding super surface is improved, two states with phase difference close to 180 degrees can be realized in each super surface unit, (as shown in fig. 7, black and white are marked in a chessboard respectively) respectively representing a digital code '0' and a digital code '1', and the electromagnetic super surface formed by arranging the '0' and '1' units according to a certain rule can control shaping operation on a plurality of wave beams. The reflection-type super-surface unit can respectively simulate a digital 0 and a digital 1 under the regulation and control of different bias voltages. Meanwhile, the coding sequence of the super surface can be changed by changing the bias voltages loaded by different units, so that the same super surface formed by the electromagnetic super surface units can shape various beams under different bias voltage input combinations. And once the coding sequence of the super surface formed by the traditional electromagnetic coding super surface is determined, the generated wave beam can not be changed, so that the application of the reflection type electromagnetic super surface for multi-beam forming, which is provided by the invention, is more flexible.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, the bias voltage of each super-surface is controlled to control the reflection phase difference of the surfaces to reach 180 °, as shown in fig. 5, and the reflection effect with the parameter of-0.2 dB of S11 is achieved, so as to form a display, as shown in fig. 7, black represents the super-surface unit in the diode conducting state, and white represents the super-surface unit in the diode non-conducting state, as shown in fig. 8, the present invention successfully limits the beam to ± 30 °, is consistent with the theoretical derivation result, generates a plurality of beams with similar amplitudes, and successfully completes the beamforming operation, and it is worth mentioning that this is only one representative example of the multi-beam beamforming operation that can be completed by the super-surface, and since the super-surface is a 40 × 40 array, it can complete various beamforming operations. The S11 parameter reaches-0.2 dB in the range of 8-12GHz, and when the diode is switched off and switched on at the 10GH frequency point, the reflection phases are respectively 180 degrees and 0 degrees, and a programmable multi-beam shaping function is realized after the array is formed.
The working principle and the process of the invention are as follows: the structure of the passive resonance unit of the reflection-type super surface is an upper layer resonance ring 1, the structure for phase shifting is positioned at a lower layer, and the structure is a bottom layer microstrip line 5 with a variable capacitance diode; in the bottom microstrip line 5, the structure for direct current bias and induced current transmission is a metal via hole, the upper resonance ring 1 and the bottom microstrip line 5 are connected, and a circular hole is also formed in the middle bottom plate 3 for the metal via hole to pass through; the problems that the existing multi-beam shaping structure is too high in cost, complex in structure device and inflexible in application are solved, the electric control multi-beam shaping function is realized, a diode and a microstrip line for phase shifting are arranged on the bottom layer, the error caused by the fact that the diode structure is arranged on the upper layer of the super surface in the prior art is effectively reduced, and the metal columns for direct current feed and the metal columns for alternating current pass through can receive induced currents of different polarized waves, so that alternating current isolation is achieved, and the accuracy of beam shaping is greatly improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention resonates through the resonant ring, the structure is centrosymmetric, and the angle stability is ensured; the bottom plate is arranged between the two layers of media, so that the problem that the reflection efficiency of the existing reflection-type super surface is not high enough is solved.
(2) The diode is arranged at the lowest layer and layered with the reflection resonance surface, the control of the reflection phase of 180 degrees and 0 degrees is successfully completed through the diode, the programmable multi-beam forming function is realized through the array forming mode, the problem that the radiation is influenced by the diode per se when the super-surface reflection phase modulation is realized by utilizing the diode in the prior art is solved, and the error caused by the traditional method that the diode structure is arranged on the upper layer of the super-surface is effectively reduced.
(3) According to the invention, alternating current isolation in the circuit is realized through two metal via holes for receiving different polarized waves, the problems of overhigh cost, complex structural device and inflexible application of the conventional multi-beam shaping structure are solved, the function of electrically controlled multi-beam shaping is realized, and the huge error caused by not performing alternating current isolation or the cost and the error caused by a separate alternating current isolation circuit in the traditional diode-based super-surface phase modulation are reduced.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, may effect numerous modifications thereto and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention in its aspects.
Claims (8)
1. A reflection type microwave band programmable 1-bit super surface for multi-beam forming is characterized by comprising an upper layer resonance ring (1), an upper layer dielectric layer (2), a middle bottom plate (3), a lower layer dielectric layer (4) and a bottom layer microstrip line (5) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
the upper-layer resonance ring (1) is used as a passive resonance unit structure, and a round hole is formed in the center of the upper-layer resonance ring (1) and used for generating resonance current through resonance; a variable capacitance diode is fixedly arranged in the bottom microstrip line (5) for phase shifting, two states with phase difference close to 180 degrees are realized, and digital '0' and digital '1' can be respectively simulated under the regulation and control of different bias voltages; the super-surface is arranged according to a digital number '0' and a digital number '1', and is used for carrying out programmable shaping operation on a plurality of beams;
the calculation formula of the radius a of the upper layer resonance ring (1) is as follows:
wherein k represents a propagation constant of electromagnetic waves in the medium, h represents a thickness of the dielectric substrate, and εrDenotes the relative dielectric constant, frRepresents the operating frequency;
the upper layer resonance ring (1) and the bottom layer microstrip line (5) form an isolation structure through a direct current conduction metal column and an alternating current conduction metal column.
2. The reflective microwave band-programmable 1-bit super-surface for multi-beam forming according to claim 1, wherein the upper resonant ring (1) and the bottom microstrip line (5) are both provided with metal via holes; the metal via hole is used for DC bias and transmitting induction current.
3. The reflective microwave band programmable 1-bit super surface for multi-beam shaping of claim 2, wherein the metal via has a thickness of 2.58mm and a radius of 0.2 mm.
4. The reflective microwave band programmable 1-bit super surface for multi-beam shaping of claim 1, wherein the upper resonant ring (1) has an outer diameter of 5.59mm and an inner diameter of 0.24 mm.
5. The reflective microwave band programmable 1-bit metasurface for multi-beam forming of claim 1 wherein said upper dielectric layer (2) and said lower dielectric layer (4) are both Rogers RT5880 materials with a relative dielectric constant ε' of 2.2 and a loss tangent tan δ of 0.009; the thickness of the upper dielectric layer (2) is 2.54 mm; the thickness of the lower dielectric layer (4) is 0.254 mm; the length and the width of the upper dielectric layer (2) and the lower dielectric layer (4) are both 21.2 mm.
6. The reflective microwave band programmable 1-bit super surface for multi-beam shaping of claim 2, wherein said intermediate base plate (3) is perforated with a circular hole.
7. The reflective microwave band programmable 1-bit super surface for multi-beam shaping of claim 1, wherein the underlying microstrip line (5) has a width of 0.4mm and a length of 4.83 mm.
8. The reflective microwave band programmable 1-bit metasurface for multi-beam shaping of claim 1, wherein the varactor is 0.4mm wide and 0.77mm long.
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| US10573963B1 (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2020-02-25 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Adaptive nulling metasurface retrofit |
| CN210326134U (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-04-14 | 南京迷你派科技有限公司 | Novel millimeter wave two-dimensional reconfigurable automobile radar super-surface antenna |
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| TWI455326B (en) * | 2007-09-13 | 2014-10-01 | Omnivision Tech Inc | Transmissive detectors, systems incorporating same, and associated methods |
| ES2936484T3 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2023-03-17 | Impinj Inc | Feeding of RFID tags using multiple RFID readers |
| US10355356B2 (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2019-07-16 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Metamaterial-based phase shifting element and phased array |
| EP3238323B1 (en) * | 2014-12-27 | 2019-08-07 | Energous Corporation | Method for 3 dimensional pocket-forming |
| TWI728605B (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2021-05-21 | 中央研究院 | Metalens for light field imaging |
| CN112164894B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-01-14 | 中通服咨询设计研究院有限公司 | X-waveband and S-waveband active reconfigurable frequency selection surface |
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| CN103502824A (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2014-01-08 | 香港大学 | Compact electronic reverberation chamber |
| US10573963B1 (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2020-02-25 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Adaptive nulling metasurface retrofit |
| CN107658571A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-02-02 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Coding absorbing meta-material applied to the reduction of wideband radar reflecting section |
| CN110518361A (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2019-11-29 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of adjustable super surface cell of reflection of 2 bit phases |
| CN210326134U (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-04-14 | 南京迷你派科技有限公司 | Novel millimeter wave two-dimensional reconfigurable automobile radar super-surface antenna |
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