CN112927982A - Spring retaining device capable of reducing switching-on and switching-off rebounding of rapid vacuum switch and working method - Google Patents
Spring retaining device capable of reducing switching-on and switching-off rebounding of rapid vacuum switch and working method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112927982A CN112927982A CN202110096400.7A CN202110096400A CN112927982A CN 112927982 A CN112927982 A CN 112927982A CN 202110096400 A CN202110096400 A CN 202110096400A CN 112927982 A CN112927982 A CN 112927982A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/28—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
- H01H33/38—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electromagnet
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/42—Driving mechanisms
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- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a spring retaining device capable of reducing the rebound of a quick vacuum switch on/off brake and a working method. The upper and lower groups of spring components are respectively connected with the lower transmission rod through spring connecting rods, and the connection angle alpha is larger than beta. When the switch is closed, both alpha and beta are less than 90 degrees; at the midpoint position, α + β is 180 °; in the brake-off position, both alpha and beta are greater than 90 deg. By reasonably setting the initial pressure of the two groups of spring assemblies, on one hand, the impact stress at the switch-on/switch-off position is reduced, the bounce phenomenon of the rapid vacuum switch in the switch-on process and the bounce phenomenon in the switch-off process are prevented, and the mechanical reliability of the rapid vacuum switch is greatly improved; on the other hand, when in the closing and opening positions, the vacuum switch is used as a closing and opening holding device to provide closing and opening holding force and contact pressure required by a quick vacuum switch.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rapid vacuum switches, in particular to a spring retaining device capable of reducing the switching-on and switching-off rebounding of a rapid vacuum switch and a working method.
Background
The power system inevitably has short-circuit faults in the operation process, and the short-circuit current of the power system has obvious influence on the dynamic and thermal stability of the system and equipment, thereby threatening the safe and reliable operation of the system and the equipment. The quick removal or isolation of short-circuit fault can obviously improve the safe and stable operation level of system operation, and improve the transient state transmission capacity limit of the system and the utilization rate of a power transmission corridor. According to analysis, when the short-circuit fault clearing time of a 500kV double-circuit transmission line is reduced from 60ms to 20ms, the transmission capacity of a transmission channel of a power plant is improved by 40% -50%, and the short-circuit current impact borne by a transformer is reduced by 60%. The high-voltage circuit breaker is the only executing equipment for removing the short-circuit fault of the power system, however, the short-circuit fault removing time of the high-voltage circuit breaker is far longer than 60ms due to the technical limitation of an operating mechanism, and the requirement of the system for quickly removing the short-circuit fault is gradually difficult to meet. The rapid vacuum circuit breaker is an important direction for the development of future high-voltage and ultrahigh-voltage circuit breakers due to the advantages of short switching-off time, high switching-off speed and the like.
However, in order to realize the replacement of the on-line circuit breaker of the system, the mechanical characteristics of the reliable on-off operation of the fast vacuum circuit breaker need to meet the standard regulation of the current high-voltage alternating-current circuit breaker. The rapid vacuum switch has higher opening speed due to the adoption of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism, and the rapid removal of the short-circuit fault is realized. But is influenced by the mechanical impact of high-speed switching on and off, and the mechanical service life of the rapid vacuum switch is still obviously shorter than that of the traditional vacuum circuit breaker adopting operating mechanisms such as springs, permanent magnets and the like. Therefore, the problem of switching-on bounce and switching-off bounce of the rapid vacuum switch, namely the switching-on and switching-off operation problem with high mechanical reliability, is a key for restricting the rapid vacuum switch to replace a traditional circuit breaker in operation of a system to improve the transient stability of the system operation.
At present, a closing and opening retaining device applied to an electromagnetic repulsion mechanism mainly comprises a common bistable spring for retaining and a permanent magnet for retaining, and a patent CN201910504999.6 discloses a lightweight compact electromagnetic repulsion mechanism, wherein the bistable spring retaining device is adopted, the force output characteristic of the mechanism is the maximum force output at the last stage of closing and opening, the movement speed at the rear half section of closing and opening is improved, but the mechanical life of the mechanism is not prolonged, and the long-arcing breaking performance is not improved; patents cn201710559859.x and CN201810378552.4 disclose repulsion mechanisms based on permanent magnet retention, respectively, but do not have an effective buffer function of opening and closing a brake; on the other hand, the coercive force of the permanent magnet is changed under the influence of the ambient temperature, so that the switching-on and switching-off holding force is unstable, and the rapid vacuum switch is easy to switch on and off and has high switching-off dispersibility without a special control technology or algorithm.
In order to play an effective brake closing and opening buffering role, patents CN201410585602.8, CN201610893082.6, ZL201420628418.2 and CN201710592924.9 disclose a gas buffering device respectively, which greatly prolongs the mechanical life of the fast vacuum switch. However, because the gas is buffered in the switching-off process, the contact of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber still has higher full-stroke switching-off speed, and the effective regulation and control of the magnetic field of the contact on the electric arc are difficult to realize. Therefore, in order to realize a high damping reaction force characteristic in the gas damper, the initial pressure in the cylinder needs to be kept at a high value. In addition, patent cn201710437519.x discloses a frequency-modulation speed-regulation electromagnetic repulsion mechanism, which can realize the closed-loop regulation and control of a rapid vacuum switching-on and switching-off process and a stroke characteristic curve, wherein a capacitor is adopted to discharge to a switching coil in the regulation and control process, and the regulation and control of the discharge current of the switching coil are completed according to the detection of real-time stroke characteristics so as to generate real-time adjustable electromagnetic buffer counter force opposite to the movement direction of a repulsion plate, but the mechanism has a complex control circuit and high precision requirement.
At present, no patent or literature report for reducing the switching-on bounce and the switching-off bounce of the rapid vacuum switch and improving the high mechanical reliability of switching-on and switching-off operations is available.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a spring retaining device capable of reducing the rebound of the quick vacuum switch on-off brake and a working method thereof, aiming at solving the buffer and retaining problems of the high-speed on-off brake of an electromagnetic repulsion mechanism.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a spring holding device capable of reducing the rebound of the switching on and switching off of a rapid vacuum switch and a working method thereof comprise an electromagnetic repulsion mechanism consisting of an upper transmission rod 1, a mechanism upper end cover 2, a switching off coil 3, a repulsion plate 4, a mechanism cylinder wall 5, a switching on coil 6, a mechanism lower end cover 7 and a lower transmission rod 8, wherein the upper end of the repulsion plate 4 is connected with the upper transmission rod 1, the lower end is connected with the lower transmission rod 8, the upper transmission rod 1 passes through the center of the mechanism upper end cover 2 through a guide sleeve, the lower transmission rod 8 passes through the center of the mechanism lower end cover 7 through the guide sleeve, the guide sleeve is respectively riveted on the mechanism upper end cover 2 and the mechanism lower end cover 7, the mechanism upper end cover 2, the switching off coil 3, the opening coil 3 is fixed below the mechanism upper end cover 2, the mechanism lower end cover 7, the closing coil 6 and the mechanism cylinder wall 5 are fixed together through bolts, and the closing coil 6 is fixed above the mechanism lower end cover 7; the lower end of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is connected with the upper end of a spring transmission rod 11 of the spring unit through a lower transmission rod 8; the spring unit comprises two groups of spring assemblies which are symmetrical up and down and have the same compression degree: the spring assembly comprises an upper spring assembly 9 and a lower spring assembly 10, wherein the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 are respectively connected with a spring transmission rod 11 through an upper spring connecting rod 12 and a lower spring connecting rod 13, the angle formed by the connection of the upper spring connecting rod 12 and the spring transmission rod 11 is alpha, the angle formed by the connection of the lower spring connecting rod 13 and the spring transmission rod 11 is beta, and alpha is larger than beta; when the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is in a closing position, both alpha and beta are smaller than 90 degrees; when the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is at the middle point position of the output stroke, alpha + beta is 180 degrees; when the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is in a brake separating position, both alpha and beta are larger than 90 degrees; the axle center distance between the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 is larger than or equal to the output stroke of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism.
The upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 adopt disc springs or cylindrical spiral springs or a combination thereof, the spring compression amount is adjusted according to actual conditions, the spring compression amount at the middle position of the output stroke of the vacuum switch is kept consistent, and the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 are provided with a plurality of spring units; the upper spring connecting rod 12 and the lower spring connecting rod 13 adopt a pin shaft structure or a connecting rod structure.
The springs in the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 are always in a compressed state; when the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is in a closing position, both alpha and beta are smaller than 90 degrees, so that the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 generate an upward resultant force which acts on the repulsion plate 4 through the upper spring connecting rod 12, the lower spring connecting rod 13, the spring transmission rod 11 and the lower transmission rod 8 respectively to provide closing holding force, so that the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is always kept in the closing position; in the opening position, alpha and beta are both larger than 90 degrees, and similar to the closing position, the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 generate a downward resultant force to act on the repulsion plate 4 to provide opening holding force, so that the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is always kept in the opening position.
The upper spring assembly 9 comprises a spring guide rod 901, a graphite guide part 902, a spring sleeve 903, a disc spring assembly 904, an initial pressure adjusting pad 905 and an initial pressure adjusting bolt 906, the spring guide rod 901 is arranged in the spring sleeve 903, the head of the spring guide rod 901 is connected with the spring sleeve 903 through the graphite guide part 902, the tail of the spring guide rod 901 penetrates through the center of the bottom of the spring sleeve 903, and the spring guide rod 901 can move left and right in the spring sleeve 903; the disc spring assembly 904 is arranged between the spring guide 901 and the spring sleeve 903, one side of the disc spring assembly 904 is in contact with the spring guide 901, and the other side of the disc spring assembly 904 is in contact with the initial pressure adjusting pad 905; the initial pressure adjusting bolt 906 is fixed at the bottom of the spring sleeve 903, and the bottom of the initial pressure adjusting bolt 906 is in contact with an initial pressure adjusting pad 905; the lower spring assembly 10 is identical in structure to the upper spring assembly 9.
The upper transmission rod 1, the lower transmission rod 8 and the repulsion plate 4 are connected through bolts.
The bottom of the lower transmission rod 8 is processed into an internal thread shape, the upper end of the spring transmission rod 11 is processed into an external thread shape, and the lower transmission rod and the spring transmission rod are connected through threads.
Through the cooperation of the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10, on one hand, the high-speed closing and opening operation processes of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism and the impact stress generated when the contact of the arc extinguish chamber is close to the closing position or the opening position are reduced, and further the mechanical reliability of the whole quick vacuum switch is improved; on the other hand, in the switching-on and switching-off position, the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 provide switching-on and switching-off holding force in the same direction and contact pressure required by the rapid vacuum switch, and the forces generated by the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 are superposed to enable the rapid vacuum switch to be more stably kept in the switching-on and switching-off position; in addition, in the brake-separating process, the brake-separating speed is reduced through the resistance characteristic of the lower spring assembly 10 to the brake-separating motion, so that the magnetic field of the contact of the arc extinguish chamber can effectively control the vacuum electric arc, and the breaking performance is further improved; meanwhile, the electromagnetic repulsion force generated by the opening coil 3 of the electromagnetic repulsion force mechanism to the repulsion plate 4 is far higher than the closing holding force provided by the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10, so that the rapid vacuum switch still has higher initial opening speed in the opening and closing process, and the opening and closing performance is not influenced.
In the brake opening process, electromagnetic repulsion force is generated between a brake opening coil 3 of the electromagnetic repulsion force mechanism and a repulsion plate 4 after the brake opening coil is electrified, the electromagnetic repulsion force pushes the repulsion plate 4 to move downwards to drive a lower transmission rod 8 and a spring transmission rod 11 and overcome the brake closing holding force provided by an upper spring assembly 9 and a lower spring assembly to move to a brake opening position, and after the electromagnetic repulsion force quickly passes through a middle point of the upper spring assembly 9, resultant force generated by the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 is upward to play a role of buffering, so that the mechanism is prevented from being damaged due to larger repulsion force generated at the brake opening initial stage; in the middle stage of opening, the forces generated by the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 on the spring transmission rod 11 can counteract most of each other, the resultant force of the springs on the spring transmission rod 11 is small, the resistance force on the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is small at the moment, when the stroke midpoint position is reached, the angle alpha + beta is 180 degrees, the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 are vertically symmetrical, the compression degrees of the springs are the same, so the resultant force generated in the vertical direction is zero, and the repulsion plate 4, the lower transmission rod 8 and the spring transmission rod 11 continuously move to the opening position under the action of the electromagnetic repulsion force and the inertia force; in the later stage of brake opening, the resultant force of the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 on the spring transmission rod 11 is changed to be downward and gradually reduced, so that the phenomenon that the mechanism is greatly impacted due to the overhigh movement speed is avoided; when the brake separating position is reached, the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 generate downward resultant force to provide the brake separating holding force required by the mechanism and prevent the brake separating from rebounding; the closing operation is similar to the opening operation process, electromagnetic repulsion force is generated between a closing coil 6 of the electromagnetic repulsion force mechanism and the repulsion plate 4 after the closing coil is electrified, the electromagnetic repulsion force pushes the repulsion plate 4 to move upwards, the lower transmission rod 8 and the spring transmission rod 11 are driven, and the opening holding force provided by the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 is overcome to move to the opening position; when the travel middle point position is reached, the resultant force generated by the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 in the vertical direction is zero, and the repulsion plate 4, the lower transmission rod 8 and the spring transmission rod 11 continuously move to the closing position under the action of electromagnetic repulsion force and inertia force; when the closing position is reached, the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 generate an upward resultant force to provide a closing holding force required by the mechanism, so that closing bounce is prevented.
The beneficial effects of the invention are embodied in the following two aspects: compared with the prior art, the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism combines the closing and opening retaining function with the opening and closing buffering function, and the two groups of springs can not only retain the opening and closing position of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism, but also reduce the movement speed of the mechanism at the last stage of opening and closing, thereby reducing the impact stress of opening and closing and improving the mechanical reliability of the repulsion mechanism; secondly, the mechanical reliability and the breaking performance of the quick vacuum switch on-off brake are improved, a foundation is laid for the quick vacuum switch on-off brake to replace a traditional circuit breaker of a system, the short-circuit fault of the system can be quickly removed within 20ms, and the quick vacuum switch on-off brake has great significance for improving the transient operation stability of a power system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an embodiment of a spring retainer and method of operation for reducing the switching bounce of a vacuum switch according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of upper spring assembly 9 and lower spring assembly 10;
FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of the upper spring assembly 9;
FIG. 4 illustrates the arrangement of the lower spring assembly 10;
FIGS. 5a and 5b are schematic views of the aligned arrangement or 60 offset arrangement of the upper and lower spring assemblies using 3 springs each;
FIGS. 6a and 6b are the reaction forces of the upper and lower spring assemblies on the axial contribution of the mechanism during the opening and closing processes;
FIGS. 7a and 7b are schematic views of the aligned arrangement or the arrangement shifted by 45 degrees from each other when 4 springs are used for each of the upper and lower spring assemblies;
fig. 8 is a comparison of the reaction forces axially contributed to the mechanism during the opening and closing process when 4 and 3 springs are used for each of the upper and lower spring assemblies.
Detailed Description
To more clearly illustrate the superior characteristics of the present invention, the following description will be made with reference to specific embodiments of the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a diagram showing a specific embodiment of the spring retaining device and the working method for reducing the switching-on/off rebounding of the rapid vacuum switch, wherein the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is applied to a 72.5kV single-break rapid vacuum switch, and the output stroke of the mechanism is 30 mm. The spring holding device for reducing the switching rebound of the rapid vacuum switch in the figure 1 mainly comprises: the device comprises an upper transmission rod 1, a mechanism upper end cover 2, a brake separating coil 3, a repulsion plate 4, a mechanism cylinder wall 5, a closing coil 6, a mechanism lower end cover 7, a lower transmission rod 8, an upper spring assembly 9, a lower spring assembly 10, a spring transmission rod 11, an upper spring connecting rod 12 and a lower spring connecting rod 13. A guide sleeve made of brass is arranged between the upper transmission rod 1 and the mechanism upper end cover 2, and the guide sleeve is riveted on the mechanism upper end cover 2; the same guide sleeve is arranged between the lower transmission rod 8 and the mechanism lower end cover 7. The upper transmission rod 1, the lower transmission rod 8 and the repulsion plate 4 are connected through bolts; the lower transmission rod 8 is fixedly connected with the spring transmission rod 11 through a screw rod. Considering that the mass of moving parts such as a moving contact, a moving guide rod, an insulating pull rod and the like of a 72.5kV vacuum arc extinguish chamber is generally more than or equal to 13kg, the repulsion plate 4 is made of aluminum alloy material, and the diameter selection value is 250 mm; meanwhile, the input depth of the skin effect of the repulsion plate is considered, and the thickness of the repulsion plate is 10 mm; the outer diameters of the opening coil 3 and the closing coil 6 are set to be 250mm, and the inner diameters are set to be 90 mm. The length of the spring link 12 has a significant effect on the force characteristics of the spring assembly, and in this embodiment is taken to be the same value as the output travel of the mechanism, i.e. 30 mm.
Fig. 2 shows a structural view of the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10. The upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 adopt the same structural parameter setting: the upper spring assembly 9 comprises a spring guide rod 901, a graphite guide part 902, a spring sleeve 903, a disc spring assembly 904, an initial pressure adjusting pad 905 and an initial pressure adjusting bolt 906, wherein the spring guide rod 901 is arranged in the spring sleeve 903, the head part of the spring guide rod 901 is connected with the spring sleeve 903 through the graphite guide part 902, the tail part of the spring guide rod 901 penetrates through the center of the bottom of the spring sleeve 903, and the spring guide rod 901 can move left and right in the spring sleeve 903; the disc spring assembly 904 is arranged between the spring guide 901 and the spring sleeve 903, one side of the disc spring assembly 904 is in contact with the spring guide 901, and the other side of the disc spring assembly 904 is in contact with the initial pressure adjusting pad 905; the initial pressure adjusting bolt 906 is fixed at the bottom of the spring sleeve 903, and the bottom of the initial pressure adjusting bolt 906 is in contact with the initial pressure adjusting pad 905. In this embodiment, the disc spring assembly 904 adopts an a-series disc spring having an outer diameter of Φ 40mm and an inner diameter of Φ 20.4mm, the deflection thereof when bearing a load of 6540N is 0.68mm, and the single disc spring has a high rigidity. In order to provide higher brake closing and opening buffering force under the condition of smaller compression amount, a combination mode that every two of 30 disc springs are overlapped and then closed is adopted, and the stiffness coefficient provided under the condition is about 19.24 kN/m.
In order to ensure that the spring assembly can provide reliable closing and opening retaining force during the closing and opening processes of the mechanism, the upper spring assembly 9 adopts the arrangement scheme shown in fig. 3: in the closing position, the center of a connecting pin shaft of the upper spring connecting rod 12 and the spring transmission rod 11 is 5mm higher than the horizontal position of the upper spring connecting rod 12; in the opening position, the center of a connecting pin shaft of the lower spring connecting rod 13 and the spring transmission rod 11 is 2.5mm lower than the horizontal position of the lower spring connecting rod 13; furthermore, since the upper spring assembly has a minimum compression stroke at the opening position, the initial pressure is set to 2500N (1.95 mm compression in the relative free path) by the initial pressure adjusting bolt 906, which also corresponds to the mechanism axial opening holding force 1152N provided by the single upper spring assembly 9, and when it is in the closing position shown in fig. 3, the axial contact pressing force provided by the single upper spring assembly 9 is 451.9N; and in the process of opening and closing the brake, the maximum compression amount of the upper spring assembly is 13.4 mm.
Because the closing and opening brake of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism shown in fig. 4 is kept to be provided by the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 together, the lower spring assembly 10 adopts the arrangement scheme shown in fig. 4: in the opening position, the center of a connecting pin shaft of the lower spring connecting rod 13 and the spring transmission rod 11 is 2.5mm lower than the horizontal position of the lower spring connecting rod 13; in the closing position, the center of a connecting pin shaft of the lower spring connecting rod 13 and the spring transmission rod 11 is 30.0mm higher than the horizontal position of the lower spring connecting rod 13; furthermore, since the upper spring assembly compression stroke is at a minimum at the closing position, its initial pressure is set to 5000N (3.89 mm compression with respect to free travel) by the initial pressure adjusting bolt 906, which also corresponds to the mechanism axial contact pressing force 1799N provided by the single set of lower spring assemblies 10, and the axial opening holding force 436.5N provided by the single upper spring assembly 9 when it is in the opening position shown in fig. 4; and in the process of opening and closing the brake, the maximum compression amount of the upper spring assembly is 18.0 mm.
In order to ensure 100kA peak current endurance of the 72.5kV quick vacuum switch, the quick vacuum switch is provided with high contact pressing force in a closing position. In this embodiment, if a single set of spring assemblies as described above with reference to fig. 3 and 4 is used, the sum of the axial contact pressing forces provided by the mechanism is 2251N, for which purpose the embodiment uses 3 spring assemblies as shown in fig. 5, which are circumferentially distributed, i.e. the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 each use 3 spring assemblies, which can be arranged in an alignment as shown in fig. 5, or in an arrangement in which the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 are offset by 60 ° from each other. When 3 springs are respectively adopted in the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 shown in fig. 5, the reaction force characteristics of the spring assemblies on the axial contribution of the mechanism in the brake opening and closing process are shown in fig. 6a and 6 b. When higher closing holding (i.e. contact pressure) or opening holding force is required, the upper and lower spring assemblies 9 and 10 can respectively select more than 3 springs, fig. 7a and 7b show the arrangement when 4 springs are adopted, and fig. 8a and 8b show the corresponding spring reaction force characteristics in the closing and opening processes compared with the reaction force characteristics when 4 springs are respectively adopted.
In the opening process of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism, electromagnetic repulsion is generated between the opening coil 3 and the repulsion plate 4 after the opening coil is electrified, the repulsion plate 4 is pushed by the electromagnetic repulsion to move downwards, and the lower transmission rod 8 is driven by the repulsion plate 4 to move downwards; the lower transmission rod 8 drives the spring transmission rod 11 to push the spring guide rod 901 to compress the disc spring assembly 904 through the upper spring connecting rod 12. Because the closing position of the mechanism just crosses the middle position point of the upper spring assembly 9, the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism passes through the middle position point quickly after the opening, after the mechanism passes through the middle position point of the upper spring assembly 9, the upper spring assembly 9 generates downward force to the spring transmission rod 11, the lower spring assembly 10 generates upward force to the spring transmission rod 11, the resultant force generated by the disc spring assembly 904 to the spring transmission rod 11 is upward in the initial opening direction, the buffering effect is achieved, and the damage of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism due to larger repulsion force generated in the initial opening stage is avoided; in the middle stage of opening, the forces generated by the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 on the spring transmission rod 11 can mutually counteract most parts, the resultant force of the disc spring assembly 904 on the spring transmission rod 11 is small, and the resistance force on the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is small at the moment, so that the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism can smoothly continue to move downwards; in the later stage of brake opening, the resultant force of the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 on the spring transmission rod 11 is changed to be downward and gradually reduced, so that the phenomenon that the mechanism is greatly impacted due to the fact that the movement speed is too high is avoided. The closing process is similar to the opening process.
Under the action of the output characteristic of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism and the spring assembly, when the quick vacuum switch breaks short-circuit current, firstly, the closing holding force provided by the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 is overcome, after the upper spring assembly 9 crosses the horizontal position, the repulsion plate overcomes the counter force characteristic provided by the lower spring assembly 10 under the action of the electromagnetic repulsion and the upper spring assembly 9, and the opening motion is continued, although the opening counter force characteristic provided by the lower spring assembly 10 is obviously higher than the opening power-assisted characteristic provided by the upper spring assembly 9, the electromagnetic repulsion is still far higher than the counter force characteristic provided by the lower spring assembly 10 in the process because the distance between the repulsion plate and the opening coil is relatively small, and the quick vacuum switch still has higher opening speed. Since the electromagnetic repulsion is significantly reduced with the increase of the opening distance, before the electromagnetic repulsion passes through the 1/2 stroke position shown in fig. 3, the electromagnetic repulsion should be similar to or smaller than the reaction force characteristic provided by the lower spring assembly 10, and meanwhile, the rapid vacuum switch moving part continues to perform the opening motion under the action of gravity and inertia, at this time, the opening speed of the mechanism is not increased, and the lower spring assembly 10 regulates and controls the opening characteristic.
When the fast vacuum switch passes through the middle point shown in fig. 3, the opening assisting force provided by the upper spring assembly 9 is gradually increased, and the resistance characteristic provided by the lower spring assembly 10 is gradually reduced, however, the spring compression amount of the lower spring assembly 10 is gradually increased, so the resultant force characteristic change of the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 is not significant, at this time, the opening acting force is provided and the motion of the switch is accelerated mainly by the self gravity characteristic of the moving part of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism, the motion acceleration is relatively low, the opening speed change of the fast vacuum switch is relatively slow, and the lower spring assembly 10 still has a regulating and controlling effect on the opening characteristic. When the quick vacuum switch moves to cross the horizontal position of the connecting rod of the lower spring assembly 10, the upper spring assembly 9 and the lower spring assembly 10 start to jointly provide the brake-separating assisting force, prevent the brake-separating rebounding and provide higher brake-separating retaining force.
Therefore, in the whole opening process of the rapid vacuum switch, when the lower spring assembly 10 is above the horizontal position of the link rod movement, the whole opening process is regulated, and the regulation and control function is as follows: on one hand, under the condition that the initial high opening speed of the rapid vacuum switch is not influenced, the opening performance of the rapid vacuum switch can be improved by effectively regulating and controlling the opening stroke characteristic; on the other hand, the impact stress of the rapid vacuum switch at the closing and opening positions is reduced, and the reliability of the closing and opening operation machinery of the rapid vacuum switch is improved, and meanwhile, higher closing and opening holding force can be provided.
Claims (8)
1. The spring holding device capable of reducing the rebound of the switching-on and switching-off of the rapid vacuum switch and the working method thereof are characterized by comprising an electromagnetic repulsion mechanism consisting of an upper transmission rod (1), a mechanism upper end cover (2), a switching-off coil (3), a repulsion plate (4), a mechanism cylinder wall (5), a switching-on coil (6), a mechanism lower end cover (7) and a lower transmission rod (8), wherein the upper end of the repulsion plate (4) is connected with the upper transmission rod (1), the lower end of the repulsion plate is connected with the lower transmission rod (8), the upper transmission rod (1) penetrates through the center of the mechanism upper end cover (2) through a guide sleeve, the lower transmission rod (8) penetrates through the center of the mechanism lower end cover (7) through the guide sleeve, the guide sleeve is respectively riveted on the mechanism upper end cover (2) and the mechanism lower end cover (7), the mechanism upper end cover (2), the switching-off coil (3) and the mechanism cylinder wall (5) are fixed together through bolts, the mechanism lower end cover (7), the closing coil (6) and the mechanism cylinder wall (5) are fixed together through bolts, wherein the closing coil (6) is fixed above the mechanism lower end cover (7); the lower end of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is connected with the upper end of a spring transmission rod (11) of the spring unit through a lower transmission rod (8); the spring unit comprises two groups of spring assemblies which are symmetrical up and down and have the same compression degree: the spring assembly comprises an upper spring assembly (9) and a lower spring assembly (10), wherein the upper spring assembly (9) and the lower spring assembly (10) are respectively connected with a spring transmission rod (11) through an upper spring connecting rod (12) and a lower spring connecting rod (13), an angle formed by the connection of the upper spring connecting rod (12) and the spring transmission rod (11) is alpha, an angle formed by the connection of the lower spring connecting rod (13) and the spring transmission rod (11) is beta, and alpha is larger than beta; when the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is in a closing position, both alpha and beta are smaller than 90 degrees; when the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is at the middle point position of the output stroke, alpha + beta is 180 degrees; when the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is in a brake separating position, both alpha and beta are larger than 90 degrees; the axle center distance between the upper spring assembly (9) and the lower spring assembly (10) is larger than or equal to the output stroke of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism.
2. The spring holding device and the working method thereof for reducing the switch-on/off rebound of the rapid vacuum switch according to claim 1, wherein: the upper spring assembly (9) and the lower spring assembly (10) adopt disc springs or cylindrical spiral springs or a combination of the disc springs and the cylindrical spiral springs, the spring compression amount is adjusted according to the actual situation, the spring compression amount is kept consistent when the vacuum switch is in the middle position of the output stroke, and the upper spring assembly (9) and the lower spring assembly (10) are provided with a plurality of spring units; the upper spring connecting rod (12) and the lower spring connecting rod (13) adopt a pin shaft structure or a connecting rod structure.
3. The spring holding device and the working method for reducing the switch-on and switch-off rebounding of the rapid vacuum switch according to claim 1 are characterized in that the springs inside the upper spring assembly (9) and the lower spring assembly (10) are always in a compressed state; when the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is in a closing position, both alpha and beta are smaller than 90 degrees, so the upper spring assembly (9) and the lower spring assembly (10) generate an upward resultant force which acts on the repulsion plate (4) through the upper spring connecting rod (12) and the lower spring connecting rod (13) and the spring transmission rod (11) and the lower transmission rod (8) respectively to provide closing holding force, so that the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is always kept in the closing position; when the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is in the opening position, alpha and beta are both larger than 90 degrees, and similar to the closing position, the upper spring assembly (9) and the lower spring assembly (10) generate a downward resultant force to act on the repulsion plate (4) to provide opening holding force, so that the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is always kept in the opening position.
4. The spring holding device capable of reducing the switching rebound of the rapid vacuum switch and the operating method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper spring assembly (9) comprises a spring guide rod (901), a graphite guide member (902), a spring sleeve (903), a disc spring assembly (904), a primary pressure adjusting pad (905) and a primary pressure adjusting bolt (906), the spring guide rod (901) is arranged in the spring sleeve (903), the head of the spring guide rod (901) is connected with the spring sleeve (903) through the graphite guide member (902), the tail of the spring guide rod (901) passes through the center of the bottom of the spring sleeve (903), and the spring guide rod (901) can move left and right in the spring sleeve (903); the disc spring assembly (904) is arranged between the spring guide rod (901) and the spring sleeve (903), one side of the disc spring assembly (904) is contacted with the spring guide rod (901), and the other side of the disc spring assembly (904) is contacted with the initial pressure adjusting pad (905); the initial pressure adjusting bolt (906) is fixed at the bottom of the spring sleeve (903), and the bottom of the initial pressure adjusting bolt (906) is in contact with the initial pressure adjusting pad (905); the lower spring assembly (10) and the upper spring assembly (9) have the same structure.
5. The spring holding device and the working method for reducing the rebound of the quick vacuum switch on/off brake of the vacuum switch according to claim 1 are characterized in that the upper transmission rod (1), the lower transmission rod (8) and the repulsion disc (4) are connected through bolts.
6. The spring holding device and the working method for reducing the rebound of the switching on and off of the rapid vacuum switch according to claim 1 are characterized in that the bottom of the lower transmission rod (8) is processed into an internal thread shape, the upper end of the spring transmission rod (11) is processed into an external thread shape, and the two are connected through threads.
7. The spring holding device and the working method thereof for reducing the switch-on/off rebound of the rapid vacuum switch according to claim 1, wherein: through the matching of the upper spring assembly (9) and the lower spring assembly (10), on one hand, the high-speed closing and opening operation processes of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism and the impact stress generated when the contact of the arc extinguish chamber is close to the closing position or the opening position are reduced, and further the mechanical reliability of the whole quick vacuum switch is improved; on the other hand, when in the switching-on and switching-off position, the upper spring assembly (9) and the lower spring assembly (10) provide switching-on and switching-off holding force in the same direction and contact pressure required by the rapid vacuum switch, and the forces generated by the upper spring assembly (9) and the lower spring assembly (10) are superposed to enable the rapid vacuum switch to be stably held in the switching-on and switching-off position; in addition, in the brake-separating process, the brake-separating speed is reduced through the resistance characteristic of the lower spring assembly (10) to the brake-separating motion, so that the magnetic field of the contact of the arc extinguish chamber can effectively control the vacuum electric arc, and the breaking performance is further improved; meanwhile, the electromagnetic repulsion force generated by the opening coil (3) of the electromagnetic repulsion force mechanism to the repulsion plate (4) is far higher than the closing holding force provided by the upper spring assembly (9) and the lower spring assembly (10), so that the rapid vacuum switch still has higher initial opening speed in the opening and closing process, and the opening and closing performance is not influenced.
8. The spring holding device and the working method thereof for reducing the rebound of the quick vacuum switch during switching on and switching off of the vacuum switch according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in the switching off process, an electromagnetic repulsion force is generated between a switching-off coil (3) of the electromagnetic repulsion force mechanism and a repulsion plate (4) after being electrified, the electromagnetic repulsion force pushes the repulsion plate (4) to move downwards to drive a lower transmission rod (8) and a spring transmission rod (11) and overcome the switching-on holding force provided by an upper spring assembly (9) and a lower spring assembly to move towards the switching-off position, and after the upper spring assembly (9) passes through the middle point quickly, the resultant force generated by the upper spring assembly (9) and the lower spring assembly (10) moves upwards to play a role of buffering and avoid the mechanism from being damaged by the larger repulsion force generated in the initial stage of switching off; in the middle stage of opening, the force generated by the upper spring assembly (9) and the lower spring assembly (10) on the spring transmission rod (11) can counteract most of each other, the resultant force of the springs on the spring transmission rod (11) is small, the resistance force of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is small at the moment, when the stroke middle point position is reached, alpha + beta is 180 degrees, the upper spring assembly (9) and the lower spring assembly (10) are vertically symmetrical, the compression degrees of the springs are the same, so the resultant force generated in the vertical direction is zero, and the repulsion plate (4), the lower transmission rod (8) and the spring transmission rod (11) continuously move to the opening position under the action of the electromagnetic repulsion force and the inertia force; in the later stage of brake opening, the resultant force of the upper spring assembly (9) and the lower spring assembly (10) on the spring transmission rod (11) is changed to be downward and gradually reduced, so that the mechanism is prevented from being impacted greatly due to the overhigh movement speed; when the brake separating position is reached, the upper spring assembly (9) and the lower spring assembly (10) generate downward resultant force to provide the brake separating holding force required by the mechanism and prevent the brake separating from rebounding; the closing operation is similar to the opening operation process, electromagnetic repulsion force is generated between a closing coil (6) of the electromagnetic repulsion force mechanism and a repulsion plate (4) after the closing coil is electrified, the electromagnetic repulsion force pushes the repulsion plate (4) to move upwards, a lower transmission rod (8) and a spring transmission rod (11) are driven, and opening holding force provided by an upper spring assembly (9) and a lower spring assembly (10) is overcome to move to an opening position; when the device reaches the stroke midpoint position, resultant force generated by the upper spring assembly (9) and the lower spring assembly (10) in the vertical direction is zero, and the repulsion plate (4), the lower transmission rod (8) and the spring transmission rod (11) continuously move to the closing position under the action of electromagnetic repulsion force and inertia force; when the device reaches a switching-on position, the upper spring assembly (9) and the lower spring assembly (10) generate an upward resultant force to provide a switching-on holding force required by the mechanism and prevent switching-on bounce.
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