CN112910079A

CN112910079A - Expandable battery pack uninterrupted power supply comprehensive power distribution device

Info

Publication number: CN112910079A
Application number: CN202110201509.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 秦良智
Original assignee: Ac Power Tianjin Co ltd
Current assignee: Ac Power Tianjin Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-02-23
Filing date: 2021-02-23
Publication date: 2021-06-04

Abstract

A UPS system includes a rack, and a plurality of components housed within the rack; the frame comprises a power module, a battery module, a breaker, a bypass switch, a display module, a main control module, a redundancy control module and an output transformer; the power module, the battery module, the main control module and the redundant control module can be removed and inserted through the front part of the frame; during normal operation, using the first power path, the power module provides power to the load, the power module receives AC power from the mains input and flows to the AC/DC converter, the converted DC power is used to charge the battery module and to power the transformer, the transformer generates a stable voltage to the load for the outgoing critical load; if the UPS components fail, causing the UPS system to fail, or if the UPS needs to be taken out of the power path, the bypass switch closes, creating a direct path from the incoming utility power path to the optional output AC/DC converter and out to the load through the transformer.

Description

Expandable battery pack uninterrupted power supply comprehensive power distribution device

Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to power supply sources and systems, and more particularly to uninterruptible power supply systems (UPS) and power distribution systems using enclosures or cabinets such as battery packs, power modules or battery chargers.

Background

Uninterruptible power supply systems, commonly referred to as "uninterruptible power supply systems" or "UPS systems," are used for a variety of purposes. Such as providing a stable, continuous, uninterrupted power supply for sensitive or critical applications such as a wide range of computer networks. Another common use of UPS systems is to provide power protection for telecommunications equipment. Due to the wide variety of application types, sizes and configurations, power requirements, signal requirements, etc., it will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that one size does not fit all applications and that one size and form of an uninterrupted supply system does not meet all application requirements. Indeed, each application typically requires a UPS system of a significantly different configuration.

Two basic components used in UPS systems include a battery pack and a power module. In some applications, it is also desirable to use a charger to charge the battery in the UPS system. The battery pack has a positive terminal and a negative terminal that can be connected together in parallel or series to provide the desired combined dc voltage and current. As is well known to those skilled in the art, the power module is very different from a battery pack, and can be used for signal conditioning and converting dc power to ac power. Since the power supply module is typically controlled by electrical signals, it has multiple inputs and multiple outputs. Therefore, the terminal connectors used by the power module are much more complex than a battery pack with multiple input pins and multiple output pins.

UPS systems are constructed using a chassis or cabinet that organizes and supports a vertical stack of battery packs and power modules. Just disclose an expanded capacity's uninterrupted power source synthesizes distribution equipment as patent document 1, synthesize switch board A including uninterrupted power source, uninterrupted power source synthesizes switch board B and battery cabinet, uninterrupted power source synthesizes the switch board A and B and includes that the bottom has the switch board cabinet body of gyro wheel, install the multiunit battery input aviation socket at the switch board cabinet body back, install the internal dc-to-ac converter in switch board cabinet, the female row of input power source switching, output distribution is female, the battery cabinet includes that the bottom has the battery cabinet body of gyro wheel, install the internal storage battery in battery cabinet, the back of the battery cabinet body is equipped with the anodal interface of series connection output, the negative interface of series connection output, parallel output connects, neutral joint.

Data centers are also a common application configuration for UPS systems, and as disclosed in patent document 2, a modular processing unit comprising an integrated uninterruptible power system in which PFC boost AC-to-DC conversion occurs between a utility AC grid and processing circuit loads. In an illustrative data center facility, a power distribution architecture includes a modular array of rack-mountable processing units, each having processing circuitry to handle network-related processing tasks. Associated with each modular processing unit is an integrated Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) that supplies operating power to the network processing circuitry. Each UPS includes a battery selectively connectable across a DC bus and an AC-to-DC rectifier that converts an AC input voltage to a single output voltage on the DC bus. The regulated DC bus voltage may be close to the full charge voltage of the battery.

Patent document 1: CN 111211492A;

patent document 2: CN 101803148B.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly solves the technical problems that: with the continuous and rapid development of power systems, the demand for Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPSs) has increased greatly. The battery pack is used as a backup power source of the UPS, and the performance of the battery pack is directly related to the reliable operation of the whole system. Also, for Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) and other battery applications, the reliability and cost of the energy storage system are two very important parameters, and the prior art typically presets a corresponding number of power supplies depending on the load, and the system regulation capability is poor. Therefore, adding power load autoregulation and fault prediction regulation are two important functions of a Battery Management System (BMS). The traditional battery pack power supply and detection system has many defects, such as poor reliability, high power consumption, poor flexibility and the like; and the laggard battery management system also causes defects in thermal management and safety management; in addition, due to the adoption of a wired transmission mode, when the number of the battery nodes is increased, the problems of complicated wiring, difficult maintenance and the like exist, and even a fire accident is caused seriously.

Solution to the problem: the present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a scalable modular system with redundant control circuits to increase the availability of a UPS power distribution system and reduce the susceptibility of the UPS system to single point failures.

Specifically, the present invention provides a UPS power distribution system, including: a power input for receiving input power from a power station; a power supply output for providing output power to a load; at least one battery module having a battery output, the battery output providing battery power; at least one power module coupled and monitored to control output power, the at least one power module coupled to the power input to receive input power, coupled to the battery output to receive battery power, and coupled to the power output to provide output power. A power supply from the at least one power module and a redundant control module coupled to the at least one power module and the control module constructed and arranged to provide redundant monitoring and control of output power from the at least one power module.

The redundant control module may be constructed and arranged to monitor and control output power from at least one power module in the event of a control module failure. The at least one power module, the control module and the redundant control module may be constructed and arranged such that one of the control module and the redundant control module regulates output power from the at least one power module. The at least one power module, the control module and the redundant control module may be constructed and arranged such that one of the control module and the redundant control module provides phase synchronization for output power from the at least one power module. At least one power module may include circuitry to regulate the output power to a predetermined level. The control module and the redundant control module may be constructed and arranged to allow the redundant control module to monitor operation of the control module and assume control of the at least one power module upon detection of a fault in the control module. The control module may include a master processor and slave processors coupled to the master processor, the redundant control module may include a redundant processor coupled to the master processor in the control module, and the master processor may be constructed and arranged to determine an operational state of the processor. The power system also provides control signals to the secondary and redundant processors indicating the operational status. The secondary processor may be substantially identical to the redundant processor. The power system may include control lines from the control module to the at least one power module and control lines from the redundant control module to the at least one power module, and the at least one power module may be constructed and arranged to respond to one of them. The control lines are from the control lines of the control module or the redundant control module based on the operating states of the control module and the redundant control module. The at least one power module may be a plurality of power modules and the at least one battery may be a plurality of batteries. Each power module may be constructed and arranged to select one of battery power or input power as a source for generating output power.

In a general aspect, the main control module and the redundancy control module can monitor the power conditions of the power supply module and the battery module, adjust the power supply module or the battery module outputting power in real time, control the transformer, transform the power output by the power supply module or the battery module, and enable the power supply module or the battery module to meet the voltage requirement of a load.

In another general aspect, the invention features a power supply system, including: a power input for receiving input power from a power source; a power supply output for providing output power to a load; at least one battery module having a battery output, the battery output providing battery power. Comprising means for generating an output power using one of the input power and the battery power, means for monitoring and controlling the output power generated by the generating means, and redundant means for monitoring and controlling the output power generated by the generating means.

A redundant apparatus for monitoring and control includes a first processor; the means for monitoring and controlling the output power comprises a second processor, means for detecting an operational state of the power supply system, and means for communicating the operational state to the first processor and the second processor.

A power supply system comprising:

input power to receive input power from a power source;

an output power to provide the output power to a load;

at least one battery module having a battery output providing battery power;

means for generating an output power using one of an input power and a battery power;

a main control module for monitoring and controlling the output power generated by the generating means; and

a redundant module for monitoring and controlling the output power generated by the generating means;

wherein the means for generating comprises means for selecting one of the means for monitoring and controlling and the redundant means for monitoring and controlling as a control source for controlling the characteristic of the output power.

A power supply system having at least one battery module providing battery power, at least one power supply module providing output power, a control module monitoring and controlling the output power, and a redundant control module, the method comprising the steps of:

detecting a fault in the control module; and transferring control of the output power from the control module to the redundant control module.

The method of claim, wherein the power supply system has a plurality of operating states, and wherein the method further comprises the steps of:

detecting the running state of a power supply system; and communicating the operational status to the control module and the redundant control module.

The method of claim, wherein the power system further comprises a communication card to allow communication with an external device, and wherein the method further comprises: when controlling, transmitting a data source for external communication from the control module to the redundant control module. A portion of the output power is transmitted from the control module to the redundant control module.

The redundant modules for monitoring and control may include a module for detecting a fault in the monitoring and control module, and a module for assuming control of the output power when a fault is detected. The redundant means for monitoring and controlling may comprise a first processor and the means for monitoring and controlling output power may comprise a second processor, means for detecting an operating state of the power supply system and means for communicating the operating state to the power supply. A first processor and a second processor. The means for generating may include means for selecting one of the means for monitoring and controlling and the redundant means for monitoring and controlling as a control source for controlling the characteristic of the output power.

In another general aspect, the invention features a method for use in a power supply system having at least one battery module providing battery power, at least one power module providing output power, a control module monitoring and controlling the output power, and a redundant control module. The method comprises the following steps: a fault in the control module is detected and control of the output power is transferred from the control module to the redundant control module.

The power supply system may have a plurality of operating states, and the method may further comprise the steps of: an operating state of the power supply system is detected and communicated to the control module and the redundant control module. The power supply system may further

Further comprising a communication card to allow communication with an external device, and the method may further comprise the steps of: when control of output power is transmitted from the control device, a data source for external communication is slave to the control

And transmitting the data to the redundancy control module. Control modules to redundant control modules.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a front panel of a UPS system of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the power module 14;

fig. 3 is a perspective view of battery module 16;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the master control module 24;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a rear portion of the UPS system 10;

fig. 6 is a block diagram of a UPS system.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention are described below with the aid of the accompanying drawings; it is to be expressly understood that the following drawings are illustrative of some embodiments of the invention and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention.

Fig. 1 illustrates a front panel view of a UPS system 10 according to one embodiment of the invention. The UPS system 10 includes a rack 12, and a plurality of components housed within the rack 12. The various components within the rack 12 of the UPS system generally include a power module 14, a battery module 16, a circuit breaker 18, a bypass switch 20, a display module 22, a main control module 24, a redundant control module 26, and an output transformer. As shown in fig. 1, power module 14 and battery module 16 may be removed and inserted through the front of chassis 12. In addition, the primary control modules 24 and redundant control modules 26 may also be removed through the front of the rack. In one embodiment of the invention, the chassis includes a plurality of grille covers (not shown) mountable to a front portion of the chassis. The grille cover is primarily used to protect the components from damage and to properly direct air flow through the various components in the rack for cooling, and at the same time, the grille cover may also be used for identification purposes.

Fig. 2-4 show perspective views of one of the power modules 14, the battery module 16, and the main control module 24, respectively, with each module removed from the chassis 12 and presented as a separate module. The external chassis view of the redundant control module 26 is substantially the same as the primary control module 22 shown in FIG. 4. Referring to fig. 2-4, each module includes a fool-proof mating connector 28 to electrically couple the module to buses and/or cables within chassis 12 to provide interconnection with other modules.

Fig. 5 shows a perspective view of the rear of the UPS system 10. The communication port 30, the power distribution unit 32, the enable switch 34, the expansion connector 36, the communication card adapter slot 38, and the output transformer 42 are located behind the expansion connector 36. The communication ports 30 allow the UPS system 10 to communicate with external devices and the communication card adapter slots 38 are designed to receive optional communication cards. The power distribution unit 32 includes a utility outlet with a circuit breaker. The expansion connector 36 allows additional UPS systems or external battery packs to be connected to the UPS systems to provide additional back-up power or to increase redundancy of the overall UPS system. The access panel allows a technician to inspect equipment and cables in the repair facility.

In addition to providing scalability, the modular structure of the UPS also provides a high level of system redundancy, as shown in fig. 6. The power modules 14 are received at an input and input to an EMI (electromagnetic interference) filter 38 via a line, wherein the power modules are in plurality and interconnected via a PCB board that is part of the UPS frame 12. Through the output bypass switch 20 and the output transformer 42 to the load. If any power module 14 fails, the remaining power modules 14 will supply power. If all power supply modules 4 fail, the mains supply is automatically switched over via the bypass switch 20. The battery modules 16 provide DC power through the interconnections if the mains power at the input fails, the plurality of battery modules 16 provide excess capacity, and by providing a plurality of battery modules 15, redundancy is also provided in the event of a failure of a battery module 15. The main control module 24 controls the UPS system in which the redundant control module 26 is locked into operation and is ready to take control measures in the event of a failure of the main control module 2.

The main control module 24 and the redundancy control module 26 can monitor the power conditions of the power modules 14 and the battery modules 16, adjust the power modules 14 or the battery modules 16 outputting power in real time, and control the transformer to transform the power output by the power modules 14 or the battery modules 16, so that the power output by the power modules 14 or the battery modules 16 meets the voltage requirement of the load.

The frame 12 includes a plurality of brackets to receive the power module 14 and the battery module 16. In one embodiment, the power module 14 may be housed in any of the upper four brackets, and the battery module 16 may be housed in any of the four brackets. Limiting the power modules 14 to the four upper brackets prevents overloading of the UPS capacity with too many power modules installed. The display module 22 is located above the power and battery module tray. The display module 22 is connected to the main control module 24 and the redundant control module 26 via control interface slots. The back of the frame 12 contains an output transformer 42 and a communications interface. The display module 22 is the primary communication link between the UPS and the user. From the display module 22, the user can check the status of the UPS, custom configure the UPS, and view log events.

The power module 14 provides regulated power to the UPS outputs. In one embodiment, each power module 14 is a separate unit that can be received in one of the upper halves of the brackets of the frame. Multiple power modules, such as 2, 4, or 6, may be accommodated by a particular embodiment.

Battery module 16 provides backup power in the event of a failure of utility and power module 14. In one embodiment of the invention, the battery module 14 includes a plurality of batteries of the same voltage, such as eight, ten or twelve individual 12 volt batteries; and various control circuits incorporated in the battery pack.

The primary control module 24 and the redundant control module 26 are the primary communication modules of the UPS, and the primary control module 24 and the redundant control module 26 are coupled to the display module 22 to provide information to the user regarding the status of the power module 14, the battery module 16, and other UPS systems. The primary control module 24 and the redundant control module 26 also process power module 14 and battery module 15 information, such as the number of modules inserted, voltage output information, and configure and regulate the UPS accordingly. The redundant control modules 26 are provided to prevent failure of the entire UPS system 10 in the event of a primary control module failure.

A block diagram of a UPS system is shown in fig. 6, with an input providing an Alternating Current (AC) power source. Ac power flows from the mains input to an EMI filter 38 which provides power conditioning and filtering functions to prevent the UPS system from interfering with other electrical or electronic systems and to protect the UPS and connected load from EMI generated by other equipment. Power from the EMI filter 38 may be output to the bypass switch 20 along a first power path or flow to the power module 14 along another second power path, with the specific flow being a more loaded power determination. During normal operation, the power supply module 14 provides supply power to the load using the first power supply path. The power module 14 receives AC power from the mains input and passes it to the AC/DC converter 40, where it is converted to DC power which is used to charge the battery module 16 and to power the transformer 42, the transformer 42 generating a steady voltage to the load for the critical load being output. If the UPS components fail such that the UPS system is inoperable or if the UPS needs to be taken out of the power path, the bypass switch 20 is closed, creating a direct path from the incoming mains power path to the optional output AC/DC converter 40 and out to the load through the transformer 42.

The UPS power supply also includes a manual bypass, and redundancy may also be provided by a manual bypass 44, the manual bypass 44 being manually closed by an operator. The manual bypass 44 is used to switch the commercial power connected to the expansion connector 36 or other UPS systems, and improves the reliability of the entire system by connecting a plurality of UPS systems in series.

The power module 14 and the battery module 16 are connected to the control interface 46, which in turn is connected to the primary control module 24 and the redundant control module 26. The main control module 24 will control the UPS system, including the power module 14 and the battery module 16. The redundant control module 26 always checks the primary control module 24 to detect if the primary control module 24 has failed. If the redundant control module 26 detects a failure at the primary control module 24, the redundant control module 26 switches to assume control of the UPS.

The control interface 46 is also connected to a user interface and the display module 22 allows an operator to change and set the operating parameters of the UPS. The display module 22 also provides a means for communicating messages from the UPS control system to the operator.

The UPS of the present invention has five modes of operation: (1) a normal mode, (2) a standby mode, (3) an automatic restart mode, (4) a charging mode, and (5) a bypass mode. During normal UPS operation, power flows from the EMI filter 38 to the power module 14. The power module 14 first converts the incoming ac power to dc power, a portion of which is used to charge the batteries in the battery module 16. Another portion of the power flows into transformer 42 to the load. Optionally, the transformer 42 also converts the voltage provided by the power module 14 to match the voltage of the load connected at the output.

If the utility power fails, the UPS will enter (2) standby mode, with the battery module 14 dc directly and input to the transformer 42, and the transformer 42 converts the voltage provided by the battery module 16 to match the voltage of the load connected at the output. The critical load voltage on the output will not be interrupted during a failure or recovery of the ac power supply. When the UPS is operating in standby mode, an audible alarm may sound to notify the user. Once the device enters the backup mode, it will continue to be in the backup mode until the power module 14 recovers or the battery is depleted. After the battery power is exhausted, the machine enters a sleep state.

After the commercial power alternating current power supply is recovered after power failure, the UPS enters an automatic restarting mode, and in the mode, the UPS automatically restarts and starts to supply power to the load. After the UPS enters the auto-restart mode and resumes supplying power to the load, the device will charge the battery module 16 until fully charged.

The UPS system has two bypass modes, each providing a backup power path to the load bypass power module. If an internal fault or the UPS is overloaded, the UPS will enter an automatic bypass mode. In the automatic bypass mode, the UPS will automatically divert the load to a bypass power supply, which may be a normal ac mains supply connected at the input. If the UPS must be stopped for maintenance or repaired, the UPS may be placed in a manual bypass mode. Manually activating the bypass will cause the load to immediately divert to the bypass power supply. Charging operation of all power modules and batteries will be disabled before manual bypass switch 44 is moved back to the UPS position, at which point the UPS enters an automatic restart mode.

The control module may be a primary controller or a backup controller. Control module redundancy provides a means by which the primary controller can remove itself from control of the UPS and allow the standby controller to control in the event of a failure of the primary controller. The control signals of the main controller are transmitted through the fault-tolerant tri-state driver. Both the primary controller and the standby controller monitor the status of the other controller. Firmware in the controller determines the state of the critical bus and all output signals are digital.

The inverter output of each power module is coupled in parallel with the inverter outputs of the other power modules. The parallel inverter outputs share load current and provide redundancy in the event of a power module failure. The power module 14 output relay 18 is used to connect the inverter to the parallel output bus. When the relay 18 is open, the inverter may self-test before connecting to the parallel inverter output bus. When the relay 18 is closed, the built-in test will continue to monitor the status of the power supply module. The inverter output fuse switch 22 will be on the ceiling if the inverter control circuit is unable to prevent a catastrophic overload. When a power module 4 is installed 3 into the UPS, two card edge connectors connect the signals and power from the system of the power module.

The main control module 24 is coupled to each of the power modules 14 and the redundant control module 26. Similarly, a redundant control module 26 is coupled to each of the power modules 14 and the main control module 24. The main control module 24 is also coupled to the communications cards by a communications line, and the redundant control module 26 is coupled to the communications cards by a communications line. These modules may be used to monitor the operating conditions of the UPS system, including the characteristics of the input and output power, and provide phase synchronization, frequency regulation of the output power, and voltage regulation, as described below.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the interconnections between the components of the UPS system 10 shown in fig. 6 are implemented by interconnects. First, the interconnected structure is realized by a backplane realized using a printed circuit board. When installed in a UPS system, each of the major components of the UPS system plugs directly into one of them. In embodiments of the present invention, it is desirable to use a backplane on a standard point-to-point wiring to increase the reliability of the UPS system. Embodiments of the UPS system are designed to provide redundancy for all major components to reduce the number of single point failure mechanisms. A single fault may cause the entire UPS system to fail, so in embodiments of the invention, to provide high reliability, there are no active components in the frame itself, and all complex wiring is achieved using a printed circuit board.

The major components within the UPS system 10 will now be further described, beginning with the battery module 16. In one embodiment of the invention, each battery module contains a plurality of 12 volt, 7.2 amp-hour sealed lead acid batteries that are connected in a battery pack 16. The series provides a suitable output voltage. In this embodiment, each battery module is sized to provide six minutes of run time for a 2.8 kilowatt load. Each battery module includes a sensing resistor coupled to a midpoint of the battery module. The value of the resistor identifies the manufacturer of the battery in the module. The main control module 24 calculates the remaining run time of the battery charge load based in part on the battery manufacturer.

Each battery module 16 includes a thermostat coupled in series with a sense resistor. A thermostat may be used to detect the occurrence of a thermal runaway condition by providing a short circuit between sense resistors when a predetermined temperature threshold is exceeded. The main control module 24 can detect the short circuit and prevent further charging of the battery module in the event of a thermal runaway condition. A precision current sense resistor is provided on the back plane for each battery module to which the battery module is connected to allow the main control module 24 to monitor the current from each battery module. The battery modules are hot pluggable, allowing the modules to be replaced while the UPS system is running.

The power modules 14 in one embodiment are substantially identical and each performs the functions of an uninterruptible power supply (without batteries) under the control of either the primary control module 24 or the redundant control module 26. The power module 14 includes an input power stage, an output power stage, and a battery charging circuit.

The AC/DC converter 40 receives input AC power and converts the input AC power into DC power. The decision to switch the selected power source from the ac input power source to the alternate dc power source may be made separately by each power module. Additional redundancy may be provided by using decentralized control points instead of one central control point.

A significant advantage of embodiments of UPS systems according to the present invention is the fault tolerance capability provided by the use of redundant control systems. This redundancy greatly reduces the likelihood of failure of the UPS system and thus reduces the likelihood of reducing the input power to critical loads or reducing the redundancy of power provided to the loads. In addition, the redundancy provided in the UPS system according to the present invention allows hot swapping, whereby a failed or failed primary control module 24 or redundant control module 26 may be removed while the UPS system is running. As will now be discussed below, to implement the redundancy and hot swap features, the primary control module 24 and the redundant control module 26 in embodiments of the present invention include systems that provide for the communication of fault detection, output power regulation control, and communication of system status control.

The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying the specific embodiments, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. This summary should not be construed to limit the present invention.

Claims

1. A UPS system (10) includes a rack (12), and a plurality of components housed within the rack (12); the frame (12) comprises a power module (14), a battery module (16), a circuit breaker (18), a bypass switch (20), a display module (22), a main control module (24), a redundancy control module (26) and an output transformer; the power module (14) and the battery module (16) are removable and insertable through the front of the chassis (12); the primary control module (24) and redundant control module (26) are also removable through the front of the rack;

the power distribution unit further comprises a communication port (30), a power distribution unit (32), a starting switch (34), an expansion connector (36) and a communication card adapter slot (38), wherein an output transformer (42) is positioned behind the expansion connector (36);

the method is characterized in that: alternating current flows into the EMI filter (38) from the mains input, and power from the EMI filter (38) can be output to the bypass switch (20) along a first power path or flow to the power supply module (14) along another second power path;

during normal operation, using the first power path, the power module (14) provides power to the load, the power module (14) receives AC power from the mains input and flows to the AC/DC converter (40), the power is converted to DC power after AC to DC conversion, the DC power is used to charge the battery module (16) and power the transformer (42), and the transformer (42) generates a stable voltage to the load for the critical load of the output;

if the UPS component fails such that the UPS system is inoperable or if the UPS needs to be taken out of the power path, the bypass switch (20) is closed, thereby creating a direct path from the incoming mains power path to the optional output AC/DC converter (40) and out to the load through the transformer (42);

the main control module (24) and the redundancy control module (26) can monitor the power conditions of the power supply module (14) and the battery module (16), adjust the power supply module (14) or the battery module (16) outputting power in real time, control the transformer and transform the power output by the power supply module (14) or the battery module (16).

2. A UPS system (10) according to claim 1, wherein: the power module (14) and the battery module (16) are connected to the control interface (46) and are also connected to the main control module (24) and the redundant control module (26); a master control module (24) will control the UPS system, including a power module (14) and a battery module (16).

3. A UPS system (10) in accordance with claim 2, wherein: the redundancy control module (26) detects the main control module (24) all the time, detects whether the main control module (24) fails, and if the redundancy control module (26) detects the failure in the main control module (24), the redundancy control module (26) is switched to bear the control of the UPS.

4. A UPS system (10) according to claim 1, wherein: the UPS system has two bypass modes, each providing a backup power path to the load bypass power module.

5. A UPS system (10) as in claim 4, wherein: if there is an internal fault or the UPS is overloaded, the UPS will enter an automatic bypass mode in which it will automatically divert the load to a bypass power supply, which may be a normal ac mains supply connected at the input.

6. A UPS system (10) as in claim 4, wherein: if the UPS must be taken out of service or repaired, the UPS may be placed in a manual bypass mode, where manual activation of the bypass will cause the load to immediately divert to the bypass power source, and charging operations of all power modules and batteries will be disabled before the manual bypass switch (44) is moved back to the UPS position, at which point the UPS enters an automatic restart mode.

7. A UPS system (10) as in any one of claims 1-6, wherein: each battery module (16) includes a thermostat coupled in series with a sense resistor, the thermostat being operable to detect the occurrence of a thermal runaway condition when a predetermined temperature threshold is exceeded by providing a short circuit between the sense resistors, the main control module (24) being operable to detect the short circuit and prevent further charging of the battery module in which the thermal runaway condition occurs.

8. A UPS system (10) as in any one of claims 1-6, wherein: the main control module (24) is also coupled to the communications card by a communications line, and the redundant control module (26) is coupled to the communications card by a communications line.