CN112898569B - 表面功能化的聚苯硫醚、固液双相电解质及制备方法 - Google Patents
表面功能化的聚苯硫醚、固液双相电解质及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C08G75/02—Polythioethers
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新能源材料领域,特别涉及一种表面功能化的聚苯硫醚、固液双相电解质及制备方法。
背景技术
锂离子电池(LIBs),因其相对较高的能量密度而被认为是最有前途的储能技术。传统的锂离子电池通常使用的是有机液体电解质,其离子电导率相对较高,但存在严重的安全问题、寿命不足、成本高、功率密度低等缺点。然而,使用不易燃的固体电解质的全固态锂电池可以避免一些问题,特别是安全问题。相对而言,全固态锂电池的安全性能更好,周期寿命更长,能量密度更高。然而,阴极与固态电解质间的高界面阻抗问题与的较差的室温离子电导率是锂离子固态电池商业化需要克服的主要缺陷之一。当前固态电解质主要为无机陶瓷电解质(如Li5La3Zr2O12)和有机电解质(如PEO、PVDF等),无机陶瓷电解质以其高锂离子电导率(10−4 to 10−2 S cm−1)受到了广泛的关注,但是该类材料机械加工性能差、成膜困难,特别是硫化物电解质加工环境要求极为苛刻,工程化和商业化还需要很长的路要走。而有机电解质容易加工成膜,可以卷对卷的进行加工生产,但该类的有机电解质的电导率较低,只有10−8 to 10−5 S cm−1,室温下无法正常应用,同样限制了该类材料的进一步大规模推广。
发明内容
发明目的:针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提供一种表面功能化的聚苯硫醚、固液双相电解质及制备方法,所制备的聚苯硫醚基固液双相电解质中含有少量液相,使得钉扎在聚苯硫醚粉料中的金属阳离子脱离出固相,粉料之间形成有效导通,大大的提高了金属阳离子电导率,且材料表面引入功能化分子R,阴离子能被有效束缚,使其成为单一金属阳离子的优良导体。
技术方案:本发明提供了一种表面功能化的聚苯硫醚,其结构如下:
其中,功能化分子R为具有阴离子束缚作用的含氧双键苯基分子的有机无金属离子络合剂;金属阳离子M为Li+、Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Al3+或K+;阴离子X为Cl-、F-、BF4 -或PF6 -;n为30~150。
优选地,所述功能化分子R为以下任意一种或其组合:二氯二氰苯醌、四氯对苯醌、四氰基对苯醌二甲烷。
本发明还提供了一种表面功能化的聚苯硫醚的制备方法,包括以下步骤:低温粉化的聚苯硫醚、金属MX盐和具有阴离子束缚作用的含氧双键苯基分子的有机无金属离子络合剂R均匀混合后,在150-250 oC条件和惰性气氛保护下,密封保温反应0.5-3h。
优选地,所述低温粉化的聚苯硫醚的粒径D50=1-20 μm。
本发明还提供了一种表面功能化的聚苯硫醚基固液双相电解质,由固相为表面功能化的聚苯硫醚和附着在其颗粒表面的液相组成,固相与液相的体积比为5~15:1。
优选地,所述液相为以下任意一种或其组合:碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸丙烯酯、乙二醇二甲醚、六氟磷酸锂、四氟硼酸钠。
有益效果:本发明的表面功能化的聚苯硫醚基固液双相电解质是指具有某一高金属阳离子电导率和少量液相的固液双相电解质,其含有功能化分子,为含氧双键苯基分子等具有阴离子束缚作用的有机无金属离子络合剂,可以有效束缚阴离子,使其无法迁移,更无法参与电化学反应而腐蚀集流体。液相分子可以同金属阳离子M发生溶剂化反应,将金属阳离子M从聚苯硫醚的硫位夺取出来,并在固液界面处形成高速扩散,导通各个相互间隔的聚苯硫醚颗粒,宏观表现出较高的金属阳离子M电导率。
本发明首先在低温粉化后的高结晶度聚苯硫醚加入金属MX盐与功能化分子R,其目的是为了在反应过程中,功能化分子R中的一个或两个氧双键打开,形成醚键(—O—),使聚苯硫醚长链上的苯环上的氢位(—H)被醚键(—O—)取代,醚键的另一端链接功能化分子R,苯环上的质子转移到R官能团上,阴离子X偶极吸附在功能化分子R上。聚苯硫醚的硫位上吸附金属离子,聚苯硫醚链上的硫位对金属离子的俘获,提高金属离子的固溶度,形成预金属化的聚苯硫醚。另外,加入的功能化分子R可以有效分离金属离子M和阴离子,促进聚苯硫醚链上的硫位对金属离子M的俘获,从而增加预金属化聚苯硫醚的本征扩散系数和电导率。同时,由于功能化分子R对阴离子X(Cl-、F-、BF4 -或PF6 -)的钉扎作用(很强的吸附作用),使得预金属化聚苯硫醚在电场的作用下,仅有金属离子M可以在其晶结构中发生定向迁移,而阴离子无法移动,使其成为单一金属离子的优良导体,进一步提高了预金属化聚苯硫醚的金属离子迁移数。功能化分子R对阴离子的钉扎作用还可以防止阴离子参与到电化学反应中,腐蚀集流体,造成电池的容量衰减。再次,聚苯硫醚颗粒表面附着液相,固相与液相的体积比为5~15:1,该液相分子可以将吸附在硫位上的金属离子夺取,并发生螯合,形成金属离子溶剂化,少量液相的添加可以增加离子的传导,离子电导率可以达到10-3-10-4 S cm-1。且少量的溶剂添加大幅度减少了传统有机电解液的用量,使电池更加的绿色安全环保。
同时,所述制造方法使用的制造设备操作简单方便,全过程对环境无污染。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细的介绍。
实施方式1:
本实施方式提供了一种表面功能化的聚苯硫醚,聚苯硫醚长链上的苯环上的氢位(—H)被醚键(—O—)取代,醚键的另一端链接功能化分子(C6Cl4O2),聚苯硫醚的硫位上吸附锂金属离子。其结构如下:
上述表面功能化的聚苯硫醚的制备方法如下:
低温粉化的聚苯硫醚(D50=5 μm)、LiCl盐和阴离子吸附剂C6Cl4O2的均匀混合物,在210 oC条件和惰性气氛保护下,密封保温反应2 h,使得Li+吸附在硫位上,C6Cl4O2分子的氧双键打开链接到聚苯硫醚苯环上,同时质子从苯环转移到C6Cl4O2官能团上,阴离子Cl-偶极吸附在C6Cl4O2官能团上。
由上述表面功能化的聚苯硫醚和附着在其颗粒表面的液相,以体积比为10:1混合均匀组成表面功能化的聚苯硫醚基固液双相电解质,上述液相为碳酸乙烯酯(EC)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)与六氟磷酸锂(LiPF6)的混合液相,PF6 - 偶极吸附在C6Cl4O2官能团上。
使用上述表面功能化的聚苯硫醚基固液双相电解质制备的膜材最终厚度为34μm,使用该膜材制得的锂离子电导率为2.4*10-4 S·cm-1。
实施方式2:
本实施方式提供了一种表面功能化的聚苯硫醚,聚苯硫醚长链上的苯环上的氢位(—H)被醚键(—O—)取代,醚键的另一端链接功能化分子(C8Cl2N2O2),聚苯硫醚的硫位上吸附钠金属离子。其结构如下:
上述表面功能化的聚苯硫醚的制备方法如下:
低温粉化的聚苯硫醚(D50=10 μm)、NaCl盐和阴离子吸附剂C8Cl2N2O2的均匀混合物,在210 oC条件和惰性气氛保护下,密封保温反应1 h,使得Na+吸附在硫位上,C8Cl2N2O2分子的氧双键打开链接到聚苯硫醚苯环上,同时质子从苯环转移到C8Cl2N2O2官能团上。阴离子Cl-偶极吸附在C8Cl2N2O2官能团上。
由上述表面功能化的聚苯硫醚和附着在其颗粒表面的液相,以体积比为12:1混合均匀组成表面功能化的聚苯硫醚基固液双相电解质,上述液相为碳酸乙烯酯(EC)、碳酸丙烯酯(PC)与四氟硼酸钠(NaBF4)的混合液相。BF4 -偶极吸附在C8Cl2N2O2官能团上。
使用上述表面功能化的聚苯硫醚基固液双相电解质制备的膜材最终厚度为45μm,使用该膜材制得的锂离子电导率为1.3*10-4 S·cm-1。
实施方式3:
本实施方式提供了一种表面功能化的聚苯硫醚,聚苯硫醚长链上的苯环上的氢位(—H)被醚键(—O—)取代,醚键的另一端链接功能化分子(C9H10O4),聚苯硫醚的硫位上吸附锌金属离子。其结构如下:
上述表面功能化的聚苯硫醚的制备方法如下:
低温粉化的聚苯硫醚(D50=5 μm)、ZnCl2盐和阴离子吸附剂C9O4H9的均匀混合物,在210 oC条件和惰性气氛保护下,密封保温反应0.5 h,使得Zn2+吸附在硫位上,C9O4H9分子的氧双键打开链接到聚苯硫醚苯环上,同时质子从苯环转移到C9O4H9官能团上。阴离子Cl-偶极吸附在C9O4H9官能团上。
由上述表面功能化的聚苯硫醚和附着在其颗粒表面的液相,以体积比为5:1混合均匀组成表面功能化的聚苯硫醚基固液双相电解质,上述液相为水和硫酸锌(ZnSO4)。阴离子SO4 2-偶极吸附在C9O4H9官能团上。
使用上述表面功能化的聚苯硫醚基固液双相电解质制备的膜材最终厚度为37μm,使用该膜材制得的锂离子电导率为1.9*10-4 S·cm-1。
上述实施方式只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所做的等效变换或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
2.一种如权利要求1中所述的表面功能化的聚苯硫醚的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
低温粉化的聚苯硫醚、金属MX盐和具有阴离子束缚作用的含氧双键苯基分子的有机无金属离子络合剂R均匀混合后,在150-250 oC条件和惰性气氛保护下,密封保温反应0.5-3h。
3.根据权利要求2所述的表面功能化的聚苯硫醚的制备方法,其特征在于:所述低温粉化的聚苯硫醚的粒径D50=1-20 μm。
4.一种表面功能化的聚苯硫醚基固液双相电解质,其特征在于:由固相为权利要求1所述的表面功能化的聚苯硫醚和附着在其颗粒表面的液相组成,固相与液相的体积比为5~15:1。
5.根据权利要求4所述的表面功能化的聚苯硫醚基固液双相电解质,其特征在于,所述液相为以下任意一种或其组合:
碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸丙烯酯、乙二醇二甲醚、六氟磷酸锂、四氟硼酸钠。
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