CN112849190A

CN112849190A - Axle box suspension device and bogie

Info

Publication number: CN112849190A
Application number: CN202110332866.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 许善超; 张文龙; 耿忠华; 李超; 穆凤军; 徐世峰
Original assignee: CRRC Qiqihar Rolling Stock Co Ltd
Current assignee: CRRC Qiqihar Rolling Stock Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-03-29
Filing date: 2021-03-29
Publication date: 2021-05-28
Anticipated expiration: 2041-03-29
Also published as: WO2022205913A1; CN112849190B

Abstract

The invention discloses an axle box suspension device and a bogie, wherein the axle box suspension device comprises an axle box and guide frames which are respectively positioned at two sides of the axle box, springs are respectively arranged between the guide frames and a spring bearing part of the axle box, and a swinging block and a spring damping gear are arranged between one or both of the guide frames and the springs; the upper end of the swinging block is matched with the guide frame in a mode of having rotational freedom degree, the lower end of the swinging block is matched with the spring damping gear in a mode of having rotational freedom degree, an inclined angle is formed between the swinging block and the vertical direction, and the lower end of the swinging block is deviated to the axle box; the spring damping gear is provided with a first contact surface on one side corresponding to the axle box, and is pressed against a second contact surface on the side surface of the axle box through the first contact surface, and the first contact surface and the second contact surface can move relatively. The device can promote vehicle dynamics performance, ensures that vehicle dynamics performance is stable continuously.

Description

Axle box suspension device and bogie

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rail vehicles, in particular to an axle box suspension device of a railway wagon. The invention also relates to a bogie provided with said axlebox suspension.

Background

Railway freight cars generally include a car body, a bogie that serves to support the car body, guide the car along a track, and bear various loads from the car body and the track, a brake device, a coupler draft gear, and the like. Therefore, the bogie is an important component of the railway wagon and is a core component influencing the dynamic performance of the vehicle.

The bogie for the railway wagon comprises a welded framework type bogie and a cast steel three-piece type bogie, wherein the welded framework type bogie mainly comprises a framework, a foundation brake device, an axle box suspension damping device, an elastic side bearing and the like, the axle box suspension device comprises a wheel pair, an axle box, a spring, a wedge, a bearing saddle and the like, the axle box suspension device is mounted on the wheel pair, and the axle box suspension device is strongly related to the dynamic performance of a vehicle and directly determines and influences the dynamic performance of the vehicle.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a typical Y25 type frame bogie.

As shown in the figure, the axle box suspension device is composed of a spring 1 ', a spring cap 2', a lifting ring 3 'and an axle box 4'

The wheel pair is characterized in that one side of the wheel pair is rigidly positioned by a guide frame, the opposite side of the wheel pair adopts a vibration damping device with a structure of a hanging ring 3 ' and a spring cap 3 ', one end of the hanging ring 3 ' is installed on a protruding cantilever shaft of the guide frame 5 ', the other end of the hanging ring is installed on a protruding cantilever shaft of the spring cap 2 ', and the protruding cantilever shafts are respectively welded on the guide frame 5 ' and the spring cap 2 '.

This structure mainly has the following disadvantages: firstly, the flying ring 3' is arranged on a cantilever shaft which is a welded structure, the structure stress is not ideal enough, and the manufacturability and the reliability are poor. Secondly, when the friction surface fitted to the axle box 4 'is worn, the angle of the suspension ring 3' is reduced, which leads to a reduction in vibration damping performance. Moreover, when the suspension ring 3 'and the cantilever shaft are worn away, the angle of the suspension ring 3' is reduced, which also results in a reduction in vibration damping performance. Finally, the structure is complex, the number of parts is excessive, and the manufacturing difficulty is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a shaft box suspension device. The device can promote vehicle dynamics performance, ensures that vehicle dynamics performance is stable continuously.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a bogie provided with such an axlebox suspension.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a suspension device for an axle box, comprising an axle box and a guide frame respectively located at two sides of the axle box, wherein springs are respectively arranged between the guide frame and a spring bearing part of the axle box, and a swinging block and a spring damping stop are arranged between one or both of the guide frames and the springs; the upper end of the swinging block is matched with the guide frame in a mode of having rotational freedom degree, the lower end of the swinging block is matched with the spring damping gear in a mode of having rotational freedom degree, an inclined angle is formed between the swinging block and the vertical direction, and the lower end of the swinging block is deviated to the axle box; the spring damping gear is provided with a first contact surface on one side corresponding to the axle box, and is pressed against a second contact surface on the side surface of the axle box through the first contact surface, and the first contact surface and the second contact surface can move relatively.

Preferably, the two ends of the swinging block are respectively provided with a cylindrical surface for supporting, and the inner top of the guide frame and the top of the spring damping gear are respectively provided with a concave arc surface; the upper end of the swinging block is matched with the concave arc surface of the guide frame through a cylindrical surface, and the lower end of the swinging block is matched with the concave arc surface of the spring damping gear through the cylindrical surface;

and/or, the two ends of the swinging block are provided with pin shaft holes, the upper end of the swinging block is connected with the guide frame through a pin shaft, and the lower end of the swinging block is connected with the spring damping gear through a pin shaft.

Preferably, the spring damper is provided with a side-standing contact plate, a vertical surface of the contact plate forms the first contact surface, a vertical surface of the axle box side surface forms the second contact surface, and the first contact surface and the second contact surface can move relatively in the vertical direction; or,

the spring vibration reduction gear is provided with a side-standing contact plate, a groove is formed in the vertical surface of the contact plate, a wear plate is embedded in the groove, the vertical surface of the wear plate forms the first contact surface, the vertical surface of the side surface of the axle box forms the second contact surface, and the first contact surface and the second contact surface can move relatively in the vertical direction.

Preferably, the bottom of the spring damping stop is placed on the upper plane of the spring, and a hollow cylinder extending into the spring from the upper end is arranged on the bottom surface of the spring damping stop.

Preferably, the main body part of the spring damping stopper is disc-shaped, the top of the main body part is provided with a first top surface and a second top surface, the second top surface is higher than the first top surface, the second top surface is positioned at one side adjacent to the first contact surface, a transition inclined surface is arranged between the first top surface and the second top surface, and the concave arc surface of the spring damping stopper is positioned on the transition inclined surface.

Preferably, the side projection of the swinging block is in a dumbbell shape with two ends larger than the middle size or in an equal width shape with two ends same as the middle size.

Preferably, the guide frame with the swing block and the spring damper is shaped like a cover with a downward opening, and a side wall portion extending downward is disposed on a side of the guide frame adjacent to the axle box, and the side wall portion is provided with a frame opening for the spring damper to transversely pass through.

Preferably, the swinging block and the spring damping gear are arranged between only one of the two guide frames and the spring thereof; and/or a single swinging block is arranged in the guide frame.

In order to achieve the other purpose, the invention provides a bogie, which comprises a framework assembly, a suspension device, a wheel pair and a side bearing, wherein the suspension device comprises the axle box suspension device, and the top surface of a guide frame of the axle box suspension device is welded with a side beam lower cover plate of the framework assembly to form an integral structure.

Preferably, the bogie is a two-axle or multi-axle bogie, the left and right end wheel pairs of the bogie are provided with the axle box suspension devices, and the swinging blocks and the spring damping gears of the axle box suspension devices are positioned on the inner sides or the outer sides of the left and right end wheel pairs.

The axle box suspension device provided by the invention is provided with the spring damping gear, the swinging block is arranged between the guide frame and the spring damping gear, when a vehicle moves, the spring damping gear and the swinging block can transmit the spring force to the guide frame, meanwhile, because the swinging block has an inclined angle with the vertical direction, the spring damping gear can generate horizontal component force, under the action of the horizontal component force, the first contact surface of the spring damping gear is tightly pressed and attached with the second contact surface of the axle box, and further, the friction force generated by relative displacement can play a role in damping, thereby realizing the function of damping. The structure of the guide frame with the built-in inclined swinging block can realize the longitudinal positioning function of the wheel set while providing the vibration reduction function of the vehicle, and has the effects of simple structure, high reliability, good positioning effect, low manufacturing difficulty, small quantity of parts, no reduction of the vibration reduction effect after abrasion and the like.

The bogie provided by the invention is provided with the axle box suspension device, and the axle box suspension device has the technical effects, so the bogie provided with the axle box suspension device also has corresponding technical effects.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical Y25 frame bogie;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-axle frame type bogie according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the right end wheel set of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is an isometric view of the pedestal shown in FIG. 3 positioned on the inboard side of the pedestal;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the pedestal of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a left side view of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wobble block shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 8 is a left side view of the swing block of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is an isometric view of the spring damper shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 10 is a side view of the spring damper shown in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a top view of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a left side view of FIG. 10;

FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration of the axle housing shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 14 is a top view of the axle housing of FIG. 13;

fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-axle frame-type bogie according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a partial cross-sectional view of the left end wheel set of FIG. 15;

fig. 17 is a schematic structural view of a suspension of an axlebox according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 18 is a schematic structural view of a suspension of an axlebox according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 19 is a schematic structural view of an axlebox suspension according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 20 is a schematic structural view of an axlebox suspension according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 21 is a schematic structural view of an axlebox suspension according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a wobble block disclosed in the eighth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 23 is a left side view of the swing block of FIG. 22.

In fig. 1:

guide frame 5 ' of spring 1 ' spring cap 2 ' hoisting ring 3 ' axle box 4 '

In fig. 2 to 23:

1. axle box 1-1, spring bearing part 1-2, second contact surface 2, first guide frame 2-1, concave arc surface 2-2, side wall part 2-3, frame opening 3, second guide frame 4, spring 5, spring damping gear 5-1, first contact surface 5-2, concave arc surface 5-3, hollow cylinder 5-4, first top surface 5-5, second top surface 5-6, transition inclined surface 5-7, contact plate 5-8, groove 6, swing block 6-1, cylindrical surface 6-2, pin shaft hole 7, frame 8, wear plate 9, bearing saddle 10, rubber pad 11, suspension device 12, wheel pair 13, side bearing

Detailed Description

In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the disclosure, the invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

In this specification, terms such as "upper, lower, left, right" and the like are established based on positional relationships shown in the drawings, and depending on the drawings, the corresponding positional relationships may vary, and the direction defined by the characters is preferentially adopted in the direction defined by the characters in the specification, and therefore, the scope of protection is not absolutely limited; moreover, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one element from another element having the same name, without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such elements.

Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-axle frame type bogie according to a first embodiment of the present invention; fig. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the right end wheel pair of fig. 2.

As shown in the drawings, in a specific embodiment, a three-axle frame type bogie is taken as an example to describe the structure of the axle box suspension device, and the bogie mainly comprises a frame and three wheel pairs, namely a left end wheel pair, a middle wheel pair and a right end wheel pair in terms of the orientation shown in fig. 2, wherein the axle box suspension device shown in fig. 3 is adopted for the left end wheel pair and the right end wheel pair, and the axle box suspension devices of the left end wheel pair and the right end wheel pair are in mirror symmetry.

The pedestal suspension device for the right-end wheelset shown in fig. 3 is mainly composed of an axle housing 1, a first pedestal 2, a second pedestal 3, a spring 4, a spring damper 5, a swing block 6, and the like.

The first guide frame 2 and the second guide frame 3 are welded to the lower plane of the side beam of the framework 7 and are respectively positioned at two sides of the axle box 1, the bottom of the axle box 1 is provided with spring bearing parts 1-1 which respectively extend transversely leftwards and rightwards, springs 4 are respectively arranged between the first guide frame 2 and the second guide frame 3 and the spring bearing parts 1-1, and the springs 4 are placed at the spring bearing parts 1-1 at two sides of the axle box 1.

Wherein, a single swing block 6 and a spring damping gear 5 are arranged between the first guide frame 2 positioned at the inner side and the spring 4 positioned below the first guide frame; the swinging block 6 is positioned between the spring damping stop 5 and the first guide frame 2 and is supported inside the first guide frame 2, the upper end of the swinging block 6 is matched with the first guide frame 2 in a mode of having rotational freedom, the lower end of the swinging block 6 is matched with the spring damping stop 5 in a mode of having rotational freedom, an inclined angle is formed between the swinging block 6 and the vertical direction, and the lower end of the swinging block is deviated to the axle box 1; the spring damping bumper 5 is provided with a first contact surface 5-1 at one side corresponding to the axle box 1, and presses a second contact surface 1-2 attached to the side surface of the axle box 1 through the first contact surface 5-1, and the first contact surface 5-1 and the second contact surface 1-2 can move relatively.

The upper plane of the left spring 4 is supported on the lower plane of the spring damping gear 5, the spring force is transmitted to the spring damping gear 5, the force is transmitted to the swinging block 6 and the first guide frame 2 through the spring damping gear 5, and the spring force is further transmitted to the framework 7 through the first guide frame 2; the upper plane of the right spring 4 is supported on the lower plane of the second guide frame 3, the spring force is transmitted to the framework 7 through the second guide frame 3, the vertical plane of the second guide frame 3 can be in contact fit with the right rigid or elastic (for example, embedded with a non-metal elastic element) of the axle box 1, and a wedge can also be arranged in the second guide frame 3.

The working principle of the damping device is that the vertical supporting force from the spring 4 is decomposed to generate horizontal force by utilizing the included angle between the swinging block 6 and the vertical direction, so that the spring damping gear 5 generates rightward force, the right end of the spring damping gear 5 vertically faces the vertical surface on the left side of the axle box 1 to generate positive pressure, and the right side generates horizontal supporting counter force, when the axle box 1 generates vertical relative displacement relative to the spring damping gear 5, friction force can be generated in the vertical direction, and then damping effect is generated under the action of the friction force, so that the damping function is realized.

Referring to fig. 4, 5 and 6, fig. 4 is an isometric view of the pedestal shown in fig. 3 positioned on the inboard side of the pedestal; FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the pedestal of FIG. 4; fig. 6 is a left side view of fig. 5.

As shown in the figure, the first guide frame 2 is in the shape of a cover with a downward opening, the top surface of the first guide frame is a plane, and is welded with a lower cover plate of a side beam of the framework 7 to form an integral structure, a concave arc surface 2-1 deviated to the left side is arranged at the inner top of the first guide frame 2, a side wall part 2-2 extending downwards is arranged at one side of the first guide frame adjacent to the axle box 1, a frame opening 2-3 for the spring damping rail 5 to transversely penetrate is formed in the side wall part 2-2, and a sufficient gap is reserved between the frame opening 2-3 and the spring damping rail 5 so as to prevent the spring damping rail 5 from interfering with the first guide frame 2 when moving up and down relative.

Referring to fig. 7 and 8, fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the wobble block shown in fig. 2; fig. 8 is a left side view of the swing block shown in fig. 7.

As shown in the figure, the swing block 6 has a certain length and thickness, and is in a dumbbell shape with two large ends and a thin middle on the side projection, and the swing block 6 bears pressure between the first guide frame 2 and the spring damping stopper 5, and different inclination angles can be set according to requirements.

The two ends of the swinging block 6 are respectively provided with a supporting cylindrical surface 6-1 which respectively corresponds to the concave arc surfaces at the top of the spring damping retainer 5 and the inner top of the first guide frame 2, the upper end of the swinging block 6 is matched with the concave arc surface 2-1 of the first guide frame 2 through the cylindrical surface 6-1, and the lower end of the swinging block 6 is matched with the concave arc surface 5-2 of the spring damping retainer 5 through the cylindrical surface 6-1 to form a cylindrical surface matching structure.

The swing block 6 after installation is located the inside of first guide frame 2 to support between spring damping shelves 5 and first guide frame 2, swing block 6 simple structure, adopt and not have welded connection, the reliability is high, and the manufacturing process nature is good.

Of course, the swing block 6 may have an equal width shape with both ends having the same size as the middle size in a lateral projection.

Referring to fig. 9 to 12, fig. 9 is an axial view of the spring damper shown in fig. 3; FIG. 10 is a side view of the spring damper shown in FIG. 9; FIG. 11 is a top view of FIG. 10; fig. 12 is a left side view of fig. 10.

As shown in the figure, the main body part of the spring damping stop 5 is in a disc shape, the lower plane of the spring damping stop is a spring supporting surface, the hollow cylinder 5-3 at the lower part extends into the spring 4 to provide spring positioning, the top of the hollow cylinder is provided with a first top surface 5-4 and a second top surface 5-5, the second top surface 5-5 is higher than the first top surface 5-4, the second top surface 5-5 is positioned at one side adjacent to the first contact surface 5-1, a transition inclined surface 5-6 is arranged between the first top surface 5-4 and the second top surface 5-5, and the concave arc surface 5-2 of the spring damping stop 5 is positioned on the transition inclined surface 5-6, so that the rightward horizontal component force can be better generated.

The right side of the spring damping gear 5 is provided with a side-standing contact plate 5-7, the contact plate 5-7 and the main body can be of an integrated structure or a split assembly structure, a groove 5-8 is formed in the vertical surface of the contact plate 5-7, a wear plate 8 is embedded in the groove 5-8, the vertical surface of the wear plate 8 forms a first contact surface 5-1, the vertical surface on the left side of the axle box 1 forms a second contact surface 1-2, and the first contact surface 5-1 is tightly pressed and attached to the second contact surface 1-2 and can move relatively in the vertical direction.

When the friction surface of the spring damper 5 engaged with the axle box 1 and the engagement surfaces of the swing block 6, the spring damper 5, and the first guide frame 2 are worn away, the inclination angle of the swing block 6 is increased, and the damping performance and the vertical positioning rigidity can be enhanced.

Of course, the vertical surface of the contact plate 5-7 may also directly form the first contact surface 5-1, and then press-fit with the second contact surface 1-2 on the side surface of the axle box 1, and can relatively move in the vertical direction.

Referring to fig. 13 and 14, fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of the axle housing shown in fig. 3; figure 14 is a top view of the axle housing of figure 13.

As shown in the figure, the axle box 1 can be arranged in a circular arc shape to be directly matched with the bearing, and besides, different combination schemes of a bearing saddle 9 and a rubber pad 10 can be arranged in the axle box 1.

The springs 4 on each side of the axle box 1 are composed of inner and outer round springs with different heights, the outer spring bears during empty driving, the inner and outer springs bear together during heavy driving, the inner and outer springs can bear together during heavy driving, and the inner and outer round springs can bear together at the same height during empty and heavy driving.

The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not limited thereto, and on the basis of the above embodiments, various embodiments can be obtained by performing targeted adjustment according to actual needs. For example:

in the second embodiment, the swing block 6 and the spring damper 5 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the left end wheel pair (see fig. 15 and 16).

In the third embodiment, the bogie is provided with a swing block 6 and a sprung damper 5 (see fig. 17) on the outer side of the left-end wheel pair.

In the fourth embodiment, the bogie is provided with a swing block 6 and a spring damper 5 inside the right-end wheel pair, and a bearing saddle 9 is provided inside the axle box 1 (see fig. 18).

In the fifth embodiment, the bogie is provided with a swing block 6 and a spring damper 5 on the outer side of the left-end wheel pair, and a bearing adapter 9 is provided in the axle box 1 (see fig. 19).

In the sixth embodiment, the bogie is provided with a swing block 6 and a spring damper 5 on the outer side of the left-end wheel pair, and a bearing adapter 9 and a rubber pad 10 are provided in the axle box 1 (see fig. 20).

In the seventh embodiment, the bogie is provided with a swing block 6 and a spring damper 5 inside the right-end wheel pair, and a bearing saddle 9 and a rubber pad 10 are provided inside the axle box 1 (see fig. 21).

That is, in different embodiments, the bearing adapter 9 may be provided in the axle box 1, or the bearing adapter 9 and the rubber pad 10 may be provided in the axle box 1 to meet different performance requirements.

As shown in fig. 22 and 23, in other embodiments, the two ends of the swing block 6 are provided with pin shaft holes 6-2, the upper end of the swing block is connected with the first guide frame 2 through a pin shaft, and the lower end of the swing block is connected with the spring damping stop 5 through a pin shaft, which can also achieve the functions of swinging and pressure transmission, and on the basis of the pin shaft connection, the cylindrical surface matching structure in the above embodiments can be adopted, for example, the upper end can be connected through a pin shaft, and the lower end can be connected through a cylindrical surface matching structure, or the upper end can be connected through a cylindrical surface matching structure and the lower end can be connected through a pin shaft, and in the latter case, the upper.

This is not illustrated here, since many implementations are possible.

According to the axle box suspension device provided by the invention, the vertical force of the spring 4 is converted into the horizontal component force to act on the spring damping gear 5 through the inclination angle of the swinging block 6, and the horizontal component force acts on the side surface of the axle box 1 through the spring damping gear 5, so that positive pressure is generated on two sides of the axle box 1. Because the axle box 1 is installed on the wheel set bearing and is an unsprung part, the spring damping gear 5, the swinging block 6, the first guide frame 2, the second guide frame 3, the framework 7 and the like are sprung parts, when vertical vibration is generated in the running of a vehicle, the axle box 1 generates vertical displacement relative to the sprung parts such as the spring damping gear 5 and the like, and generates friction resistance under the action of horizontal component forces on two sides of the axle box 1 to generate damping action, thereby realizing the damping function, effectively improving the dynamic performance of the vehicle, realizing technical upgrading, ensuring the continuous and stable dynamic performance of the vehicle, having high safety and reliability, preventing the performance of the vehicle from being reduced due to abrasion, and having better longitudinal positioning function.

In addition to the axle box suspension devices, the present invention also provides a bogie, which mainly comprises a frame 7, a suspension device 11, a wheel pair 12, a side bearing 13, etc., and may be a single axle bogie, a two axle bogie, or other multi-axle bogie such as a three axle bogie, a four axle bogie, or a five axle bogie, etc., wherein at least one suspension device 11 is the axle box suspension device described above, and the top surfaces of the first guide frame 2 and the second guide frame 3 of the axle box suspension device and the lower cover plate of the side beam of the frame 7 are welded into an integral structure.

In the case of a two-axle or multi-axle bogie, it is preferable that the left and right end wheel sets are provided with the above-described axle box suspensions, and the swing blocks and the spring dampers of the axle box suspensions are located inside or outside the left and right end wheel sets.

Of course, the axlebox suspension described above may be located at other locations on the bogie, such as at the end wheel pairs of a three-axle bogie, at both end wheel pairs of the bogie, or at the end wheel pairs and the middle wheel pair.

Since the structure of the bogie has been described together in the description of the axle box suspension, the description will not be repeated here.

The axle box suspension and the bogie according to the present invention have been described in detail. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the core concepts of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaft box suspension device comprises a shaft box and guide frames respectively positioned at two sides of the shaft box, wherein springs are respectively arranged between the guide frames and a spring bearing part of the shaft box, and the shaft box suspension device is characterized in that a swinging block and a spring damping gear are arranged between one or both of the guide frames and the springs; the upper end of the swinging block is matched with the guide frame in a mode of having rotational freedom degree, the lower end of the swinging block is matched with the spring damping gear in a mode of having rotational freedom degree, an inclined angle is formed between the swinging block and the vertical direction, and the lower end of the swinging block is deviated to the axle box; the spring damping gear is provided with a first contact surface on one side corresponding to the axle box, and is pressed against a second contact surface on the side surface of the axle box through the first contact surface, and the first contact surface and the second contact surface can move relatively.

2. The axlebox suspension of claim 1 wherein the swing block has cylindrical support surfaces at each end, and the top of the spring damper and the top of the pedestal have concave arcuate surfaces; the upper end of the swinging block is matched with the concave arc surface of the guide frame through a cylindrical surface, and the lower end of the swinging block is matched with the concave arc surface of the spring damping gear through the cylindrical surface;

3. An axlebox suspension according to claim 2 wherein the spring damper is provided with a side-standing contact plate, the vertical face of which forms the first contact face and the vertical face of the axlebox side forms the second contact face, the first and second contact faces being vertically movable relative to each other; or,

4. An axlebox suspension according to claim 2, wherein the bottom of the spring damper is placed on the upper plane of the spring, and is provided with a hollow cylinder extending into the spring from the upper end on the bottom side.

5. An axlebox suspension according to claim 2 wherein the body portion of the spring damper rail is disc-shaped with a top portion having a first top surface and a second top surface, the second top surface being higher than the first top surface and being located adjacent the first contact surface, a transition ramp being located between the first top surface and the second top surface, the concave arc surface of the spring damper rail being located at the transition ramp.

6. The axlebox suspension according to claim 2, characterized in that the lateral projection of the oscillating mass is in the shape of a dumbbell with two ends of greater dimension than the middle dimension or in the shape of equal width with two ends of the same dimension as the middle dimension.

7. An axlebox suspension according to claim 1 wherein the pedestal frame with the swing mass and the sprung damper is in the form of a downwardly opening cap having a downwardly extending side wall portion adjacent one side of the axlebox, the side wall portion defining a frame opening through which the sprung damper passes laterally.

8. An axlebox suspension according to any one of the claims 1 to 7, wherein the swing mass and the spring damper are provided between only one of the two pedestals and its spring; and/or a single swinging block is arranged in the guide frame.

9. A bogie comprising a frame assembly, suspension means, wheel sets and side bearings, wherein the suspension means comprises an axlebox suspension according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the top face of the pedestal of the axlebox suspension being welded to the side sill lower cover of the frame assembly as a unitary structure.

10. The bogie according to claim 9, wherein the bogie is a two-axle or multi-axle bogie, and the axlebox suspension is provided at left and right end wheel pairs, and a swing block and a spring damper gear of the axlebox suspension are located inside or outside the left and right end wheel pairs.