CN112846677A - Vertical forging and rough and finish turning process for driving spiral bevel gear with boss - Google Patents
Vertical forging and rough and finish turning process for driving spiral bevel gear with boss Download PDFInfo
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- CN112846677A CN112846677A CN202011427447.9A CN202011427447A CN112846677A CN 112846677 A CN112846677 A CN 112846677A CN 202011427447 A CN202011427447 A CN 202011427447A CN 112846677 A CN112846677 A CN 112846677A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vertical forging and rough and finish turning process for a driving spiral bevel gear with a boss, belonging to the field of processing processes for automobile driving bevel gears, wherein the vertical forging and rough and finish turning process for the driving spiral bevel gear with the boss comprises the steps of 1, blanking; step 2, preparing a blank; step 3, vertical forging: placing the blank into a finish forging die cavity, and cutting off flash through a closed single-point press; and after forging, roughly turning and finely turning the forging to obtain the driving spiral bevel gear. The invention discloses a vertical forging and rough and finish turning process for a driving spiral bevel gear with a boss.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of processing technologies of automobile driving bevel gears, in particular to a vertical forging and rough and finish turning technology of a driving spiral bevel gear with a boss.
Background
The spiral bevel gear is a transmission part which can transmit stably and with low noise according to a stable transmission ratio. In various mechanical transmissions, the spiral bevel gear has the highest transmission efficiency, so that the spiral bevel gear has great economic benefit for various transmissions, particularly high-power transmission; the transmission pair of the transmission part required when transmitting the same torque saves the space most and has smaller space size than the belt and chain transmission; the transmission ratio of the spiral bevel gear is permanently stable, and the stability of the transmission ratio is often the basic requirement on the transmission performance in the transmission of various mechanical equipment; the spiral bevel gear works reliably and has long service life.
The finish turning shape of the automobile rear axle before the tooth cutting of the driving spiral bevel gear is as follows: the big end is a circular truncated cone or a circular truncated cone plus a boss, and the rod part is a stepped shaft gradually reducing along the radial dimension of the circular truncated cone, as shown in figure 1. The blank is required to be forged and formed, because in the hot forging deformation process, the cast structure of the raw material is crushed, the crystal grains are refined, the segregation degree is reduced, the distribution of carbide and impurities is improved, in addition, the internal structure defects can be welded, and the reasonable distribution of the structure fibers is obtained.
The conventional driving spiral bevel gear is basically forged in a horizontal mode, the size of a blank is increased by 4-5mm for the radial size of finish turning, a stepped shaft of a rod part can be forged and formed, but the process scheme can generate flash, so the material utilization rate is low, particularly, the circular truncated cone and boss type driving spiral bevel gear is low, and metal backflow folding exists at the parting surface of the boss. In addition, defects and inclusions in the core of the raw material are gathered and precipitated along the parting surface, and under the condition of the same section, the problems of deviation of grain size grades and large hardness dispersion difference can be caused due to the difference of material structures at the parting surface and the non-parting surface, so that the thread rolling jumping at the spline part of the rod part is out of tolerance.
The currently widely adopted rough and finish turning process scheme of the driving spiral bevel gear is as follows: step 5, milling two end faces, drilling center holes at two ends to finish machining size, step 10, numerically-controlled rough turning of the excircle and end face of the rod part and turning of the face back cone, step 15, numerically-controlled rough turning of the excircle of the boss at the cone end of the face, step 20, numerically-controlled finish turning of the excircle, the end face, the face back cone and a groove. And (3) finishing the processing contents of milling two end surfaces and drilling a central hole by adopting an end milling machine, and then processing the rod part and the surface back cone by taking the end surfaces and the central hole as subsequent processing and positioning references, namely, processing the rod part and the surface back cone in a manner that the end surface driving center and the tailstock center are clamped. Because the surface cone part is provided with the boss, the working procedure is required to be added for turning the excircle of the boss, the finish turning also adopts the same clamping mode during the rough turning, and the same content of the rough turning is processed. The outer diameter of the boss is small, so that the boss cannot be machined together when the rod part is turned, and sequential machining is needed. In addition, the end drive mode has small tool consumption, and the machining can be completed by turning for many times, so the production efficiency is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a vertical forging and rough and finish turning process for the driving spiral bevel gear with the boss.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a vertical forging and rough and finish turning process for a driving spiral bevel gear with a boss, which is used for an automobile rear axle and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1-blanking: selecting a round blank material with a suitable specification according to the consumption quota, and heating the round blank material to the initial forging temperature by using a medium-frequency induction heating furnace;
step 2, blank making: after the round blank is heated to the initial forging temperature, one end of the hot blank is drawn out by an air hammer, and the round blank is drawn out to a pre-forged blank with a required shape through a blank-making swage block;
step 3, vertical forging: putting the blank prepared in the step 2 into a finish forging die cavity, forming by using a screw press, and cutting off flash by using a closed single-point press to obtain a driving spiral bevel gear forging;
step 4-rough turning sequence: the rough turning sequence is called as a process 5 in the following, in the rough turning sequence, a numerical control lathe is used for turning the circular truncated cone end surface of the driving spiral bevel gear, a central hole is drilled to a finish machining size, and a conical surface and a process excircle are turned, wherein the clamping mode is that a rod part is plugged into a hollow chuck, and a back conical surface of a roasted pig is used for clamping the rod part;
step 5, rough turning: the rough turning second sequence is called as a process 10 in the following, in the step of the rough turning second sequence, the end face of a central hole is used for positioning, the process excircle is clamped, a numerical control lathe is used for drilling a process reference hole on the end face of the rod part, 2-3mm allowance is reserved in the drilling process, a tailstock center props against the process reference hole, the end face is turned to the size requirement of finish machining, the excircle and the end face of the turned rod part meet the size requirement, the tailstock center is withdrawn, and the central hole is drilled to the size requirement of finish machining;
step 6-finish turning process: the finish turning process is hereinafter referred to as process 15, in which the outer circle, end face, face back taper, and notch of the part are numerically controlled finish turned to meet the dimensional requirements of the part, and in which the process reference outer circle in process 4 is removed.
Preferably, the start-forging temperature in step 1 is between 1200 ℃ and 1250 ℃.
Preferably, in step 3, the forging enters a turning process after isothermal normalizing and shot blasting treatment.
Preferably, in step 4, the numerically controlled lathe driving the circular truncated cone end surface of the spiral bevel gear may be a flat lathe bed or a slant lathe bed.
Preferably, in step 5, a relief step is machined on the non-working tip conical surface adjacent to the end face.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. forging the driving spiral bevel gear forge piece with the boss by adopting a vertical forging process scheme, manufacturing a blank by using an air hammer, drawing the blank to a required size by using a cylinder anvil, placing the drawn pre-forged blank in a finish forging die cavity, forging and forming, and finally finishing trimming to obtain the driving spiral bevel gear forge piece; the rod part of the process does not generate flash, the tissue of the same section of the blank which is formed by drawing is uniform, the core material of the rod part is fully forged, the crystal grains are refined, and no flash exists at the boss, so the quality problem of metal backflow folding is solved;
2. the two numerically controlled lathes are used for finishing the machining contents of lathing two end surfaces, drilling two central holes, lathing a surface cone, lathing a rod part and the like, so that one working procedure is reduced, and the investment of an end milling machine tool is also reduced;
3. when the rod part is roughly turned, the end face turning and the center hole drilling of the numerical control lathe are adopted in the process scheme, and the processing content of a special end milling machine tool is omitted. In the step 5, because the outer circle of the intersection of the face and the back cone is in circular arc transition, a subsequent positioning reference needs to be reserved, and the reference is removed during finish turning. In the working procedure 10, the technical excircles of the end face and the face cone are used as clamping reference, then the technical hole is drilled, one clamp and one jack are adopted, the turning tool consumption is increased, the technical rhythm is optimized, the excircles of the end face and the rod part are turned, then the tailstock center is withdrawn, and the central hole is drilled to meet the size requirement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a drawing of a final part obtained in a finish turning process of a vertical forging and rough finish turning process of a driving spiral bevel gear with a boss according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of blanks selected for use in the vertical forging and rough and finish turning process of a spiral bevel gear with a boss according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a pre-forged blank produced by the vertical forging and rough and finish turning process of a driving spiral bevel gear with a boss according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a drawing of a forged part after vertical forging and trimming in a vertical forging and rough and finish turning process of a drive spiral bevel gear with a boss according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a rough turning diagram of step 5 of a vertical forging and rough and finish turning process for a spiral bevel gear with a boss according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a step diagram of rough turning bar portion of process 10 of vertical forging and rough and finish turning process for a spiral bevel gear with a boss according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating the process 10 of vertical forging and rough and finish turning of a spiral bevel gear with a boss according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, in the present embodiment, a vertical forging and rough finish turning process for a driving spiral bevel gear with a boss is provided, where the driving spiral bevel gear is used for a rear axle of an automobile, and the vertical forging and rough finish turning process includes the following steps:
step 1-blanking: according to the consumption quota, selecting a round blank with a diameter of 60mm, and heating the round blank to the initial forging temperature by using a 350KW intermediate frequency induction heating furnace as shown in FIG. 2;
step 2, blank making: after the round billet is heated to the initial forging temperature, one end of the hot billet is drawn out by using a 560Kg air hammer, and is drawn out to a pre-forged billet with a required shape by a billet-making anvil, and as shown in figure 3, one end of the billet extends along the axial direction by means of drawing;
step 3, vertical forging: putting the blank prepared in the step 2 into a finish forging die cavity, performing finish forging forming by using a 63Mn screw press, and cutting off flash by using a 315T closed single-point press to obtain a driving spiral bevel gear forging piece, wherein the driving spiral bevel gear forging piece is shown in FIG. 4;
step 4-rough turning sequence: a rough turning sequence is referred to as a process 5 in the following, in the rough turning sequence, a numerical control lathe with the model number of CAK5085ni is used for turning the circular truncated cone end surface of the driving spiral bevel gear, a central hole is drilled to a fine machining size, and a conical surface and a process excircle are turned, wherein the clamping mode is that a rod part is plugged into a hollow chuck, and a back conical surface of a three-jaw end surface roasted pig is used for clamping the rod part, as shown in fig. 5;
step 5, rough turning: the rough turning second sequence is called as a process 10 in the following, in the step of the rough turning second sequence, the end face of a central hole is used for positioning and clamping a process excircle, another numerical control lathe with the model number of CAK5085ni is used for drilling a process reference hole on the end face of a rod part, a 2-3mm allowance is reserved in the drilling process, a tailstock center props against the process reference hole, the end face is turned to reach the requirement of the finish machining size, as shown in fig. 6, the excircle and the end face of the turning rod part reach the requirement of the size, the tailstock center is withdrawn, and the central hole is drilled to reach the requirement of the finish machining size, as shown in fig.;
step 6-finish turning process: the finish turning process is hereinafter referred to as process 15, in which the outer circle, end face, face back taper, and notch of the part are numerically controlled finish turned to meet the dimensional requirements of the part, and in which the process reference outer circle in process 4 is removed.
Further, the initial forging temperature in the step 1 is between 1200 ℃ and 1250 ℃.
Further, in the step 3, the forging piece enters a turning process after being subjected to isothermal normalizing and shot blasting.
Further, in step 4, the numerically controlled lathe driving the circular truncated cone end surface of the spiral bevel gear may be a flat lathe bed or an inclined lathe bed.
Further, in step 5, a relief step needs to be machined on the non-working tip conical surface close to the end surface.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The present invention is not to be limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and other embodiments that fall within the scope of the claims of the present application are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A vertical forging and rough and finish turning process for a driving spiral bevel gear with a boss is used for an automobile rear axle, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1-blanking: selecting a round blank material with a suitable specification according to the consumption quota, and heating the round blank material to the initial forging temperature by using a medium-frequency induction heating furnace;
step 2, blank making: after the round blank is heated to the initial forging temperature, one end of the hot blank is drawn out by an air hammer, and the round blank is drawn out to a pre-forged blank with a required shape through a blank-making swage block;
step 3, vertical forging: putting the blank prepared in the step 2 into a finish forging die cavity, forming by using a screw press, and cutting off flash by using a closed single-point press to obtain a driving spiral bevel gear forging;
step 4-rough turning sequence: the rough turning sequence is called as a process 5 in the following, in the rough turning sequence, a numerical control lathe is used for turning the circular truncated cone end surface of the driving spiral bevel gear, a central hole is drilled to a finish machining size, and a conical surface and a process excircle are turned, wherein the clamping mode is that a rod part is plugged into a hollow chuck, and a back conical surface of a roasted pig is used for clamping the rod part;
step 5, rough turning: the rough turning second sequence is called as a process 10 in the following, in the step of the rough turning second sequence, the end face of a central hole is used for positioning, the process excircle is clamped, a numerical control lathe is used for drilling a process reference hole on the end face of the rod part, 2-3mm allowance is reserved in the drilling process, a tailstock center props against the process reference hole, the end face is turned to the size requirement of finish machining, the excircle and the end face of the turned rod part meet the size requirement, the tailstock center is withdrawn, and the central hole is drilled to the size requirement of finish machining;
step 6-finish turning process: the finish turning process is hereinafter referred to as process 15, in which the outer circle, end face, face back taper, and notch of the part are numerically controlled finish turned to meet the dimensional requirements of the part, and in which the process reference outer circle in process 4 is removed.
2. The vertical forging and rough and finish turning process of the driving spiral bevel gear with the boss as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the initial forging temperature in the step 1 is between 1200 ℃ and 1250 ℃.
3. The vertical forging and rough and finish turning process of the driving spiral bevel gear with the boss as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
in the step 3, the forging piece enters a turning process after isothermal normalizing and shot blasting treatment.
4. The vertical forging and rough and finish turning process of the driving spiral bevel gear with the boss as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
in step 4, the numerically controlled lathe driving the circular truncated cone end surface of the spiral bevel gear may be a flat lathe bed or an inclined lathe bed.
5. The vertical forging and rough and finish turning process of the driving spiral bevel gear with the boss as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
in step 5, a section of cutter relieving step needs to be machined on the non-working tip conical surface close to the end surface.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011427447.9A CN112846677A (en) | 2020-12-07 | 2020-12-07 | Vertical forging and rough and finish turning process for driving spiral bevel gear with boss |
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| CN202011427447.9A CN112846677A (en) | 2020-12-07 | 2020-12-07 | Vertical forging and rough and finish turning process for driving spiral bevel gear with boss |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN113752082A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-12-07 | 苏州鼎隆精密机械制造有限公司 | Production process of precise concentric shaft |
| CN114799359A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-07-29 | 陕西渭河工模具有限公司 | Small-size blind hole and small-modulus straight bevel gear tooth planing processing technology |
| WO2023123331A1 (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-07-06 | 温岭市福荣齿轮有限公司 | High-strength bevel gear bearing |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113752082A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-12-07 | 苏州鼎隆精密机械制造有限公司 | Production process of precise concentric shaft |
| CN113752082B (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2023-12-12 | 苏州鼎隆精密机械制造有限公司 | Production process of precise concentric shaft |
| WO2023123331A1 (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-07-06 | 温岭市福荣齿轮有限公司 | High-strength bevel gear bearing |
| CN114799359A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-07-29 | 陕西渭河工模具有限公司 | Small-size blind hole and small-modulus straight bevel gear tooth planing processing technology |
| CN114799359B (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2024-03-15 | 陕西渭河工模具有限公司 | Gear shaping processing technology for small-size blind hole and small-modulus straight bevel gear |
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