CN112846185A - 一种多孔金属型U-Mo燃料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 229910008894 U—Mo Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBWXXYPQEPQUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].[Zr].[U] NBWXXYPQEPQUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
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Abstract
本发明属于核燃料元件制造技术领域，具体涉及一种多孔金属型U‑Mo燃料的制备方法。U‑Mo合金采用真空感应熔炼，浇注成铸锭，在真空炉内保温处理，炉内温度降至室温，取出合金锭；U‑Mo合金锭采用硝酸‑蒸馏水‑无水乙醇清洗，转至氢化脱氢炉内，进行合金氢化‑脱氢工艺；氢化脱氢后的粉末在氩气气氛中转入球磨机进行研磨，过筛，装入模具中，进行压制成型；将成型后的生坯进行真空烧结。本发明成型过程相对简单，可实现芯块尺寸的精确控制和不同孔隙率芯块的制备，为制造出先进的U‑Mo合金燃料提供了技术基础。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于核燃料元件制造技术领域，具体涉及一种多孔金属型U-Mo燃料的制备方法。
背景技术
U-Mo合金因其具有铀密度高、良好的抗辐照肿胀能力，而作为一种潜在的金属型核燃料材料，受到越来越多的关注。目前，U-Mo合金核燃料是通过真空感应熔炼法制备合金后通过雾化法或机械研磨法制备合金粉末，再制备成弥散燃料。虽然U-Mo合金显示出了良好的抗辐照肿胀性能，但在高温辐照环境下，仍会发生由裂变气体引起的体积膨胀，因此向U-Mo合金金属型核燃料材料内部引入一定的孔隙率，可以消除大部分晶粒内部高压裂变气体泡，减少体积膨胀，起到进一步提高其抗辐照肿胀性能的作用；国内多孔U-Mo合金燃料通过U-Mo合金粉末冷等静压真空烧结而制备，用此方法制备U-Mo合金燃料密度均匀，但与普通压制成型相比，成型过程较长，尺寸控制不够精确，要获得精确尺寸还需对芯块进行加工处理。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种多孔金属型U-Mo燃料的制备方法，提高U-Mo合金燃料的辐照稳定性，实现U-Mo合金燃料制备方法在核燃料元件研发领域的应用。
为达到上述目的，本发明所采取的技术方案为：
一种多孔金属型U-Mo燃料的制备方法，
1)熔炼合金锭
U-Mo合金采用真空感应熔炼，浇注成铸锭，在真空炉内保温处理，炉内温度降至室温，取出合金锭；
2)氢化-脱氢法制备合金粉体
U-Mo合金锭采用硝酸-蒸馏水-无水乙醇清洗，转至氢化脱氢炉内，进行合金氢化-脱氢工艺；
3)合金粉体成型
氢化脱氢后的粉末在氩气气氛中转入球磨机进行研磨，过筛，装入模具中，进行压制成型；
4)合金粉体成型烧结
将成型后的生坯进行真空烧结。
1)熔炼合金锭：在真空炉内1000℃保温处理6h。
3)合金粉体成型：氢化脱氢后的粉末在氩气气氛中转入球磨机进行研磨，过50目筛，装入模具中，进行压制成型。
4)合金粉体成型烧结：烧结炉内真空度保持在1×10-2Pa，烧结温度1100℃，保温5h。
本发明所取得的有益效果为：
本发明成型过程相对简单，可实现芯块尺寸的精确控制和不同孔隙率芯块的制备，为制造出先进的U-Mo合金燃料提供了技术基础。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
1)熔炼铀锆合金锭
U-Mo合金采用真空感应熔炼，浇注成铸锭，后在真空炉内1000℃保温处理6h，炉内温度降至室温，取出合金锭。
2)氢化-脱氢法制备合金粉体
U-Mo合金锭采用硝酸-蒸馏水-无水乙醇清洗，转至氢化脱氢炉内，进行合金氢化-脱氢工艺。
3)合金粉体成型
氢化脱氢后的粉末在氩气气氛中转入球磨机进行研磨，后过50目筛。装入模具中，进行压制成型。
4)合金粉体成型烧结
将成型后的生坯进行真空烧结，烧结炉内真空度保持在1×10-2Pa，烧结温度1100℃，保温5h。
在100kg真空感应炉1550℃进行熔炼，保温1h，多次搅拌，然后在1350℃下浇注成锭。坩埚、模具和搅拌杆均采用涂有氧化锆和氧化铱复合涂层的石墨材料。将铸锭装入真空退火炉，在真空度小于5Pa后，加热升温至1000℃，保温6h。铸锭挤压成
后，将合金棒切成3mm后薄片。合金薄片经硝酸-蒸馏水-无水乙醇清洗，转至氢化脱氢炉内；氢化脱氢后的粉末在氩气气氛中转入球磨机进行研磨，后过50目筛。装入模具中，进行压制成型。将成型后的生坯进行真空烧结，烧结炉内真空度保持在1×10-2Pa，烧结温度1100℃，保温5h。
本发明提供了一种多孔型U-Mo燃料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：合金熔炼，合金氢化脱氢制备合金粉末以及合金粉末压制成型、烧结，实现了金属型U-Mo燃料尺寸的精确控制和不同孔隙率芯块的制备，建立了一种多孔金属合金燃料的制备方法。
Claims (4)
1.一种多孔金属型U-Mo燃料的制备方法，其特征在于：
1)熔炼合金锭
U-Mo合金采用真空感应熔炼，浇注成铸锭，在真空炉内保温处理，炉内温度降至室温，取出合金锭；
2)氢化-脱氢法制备合金粉体
U-Mo合金锭采用硝酸-蒸馏水-无水乙醇清洗，转至氢化脱氢炉内，进行合金氢化-脱氢工艺；
3)合金粉体成型
氢化脱氢后的粉末在氩气气氛中转入球磨机进行研磨，过筛，装入模具中，进行压制成型；
4)合金粉体成型烧结
将成型后的生坯进行真空烧结。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多孔金属型U-Mo燃料的制备方法，其特征在于：1)熔炼合金锭：在真空炉内1000℃保温处理6h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多孔金属型U-Mo燃料的制备方法，其特征在于：3)合金粉体成型：氢化脱氢后的粉末在氩气气氛中转入球磨机进行研磨，过50目筛，装入模具中，进行压制成型。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多孔金属型U-Mo燃料的制备方法，其特征在于：4)合金粉体成型烧结：烧结炉内真空度保持在1×10-2Pa，烧结温度1100℃，保温5h。
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