CN112820610B - Energy transmission coupling structure for band-shaped injection staggered grid traveling wave tube - Google Patents
Energy transmission coupling structure for band-shaped injection staggered grid traveling wave tube Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title abstract description 3
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- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
- H01J25/42—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2223/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J2225/00
- H01J2223/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2225/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. Klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J2225/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
- H01J2225/42—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
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Abstract
The invention relates to an energy transmission coupling structure for a staggered gate traveling wave tube, which comprises a three-branch waveguide coupling structure, a first branch and a second branch, wherein the first branch and the second branch are arranged along the advancing direction of an electron beam, and a third branch is used for microwave transmission; and at least one ridge load disposed in the third branched waveguide in the waveguide height direction, wherein each branched waveguide has the same height, and the ridge load has a height of 10 to 30% of the waveguide height. By arranging ridge loading in the trisection waveguide intersection area, the H-face energy transmission coupling structure for the strip-shaped injection staggered grid traveling wave tube is short in axial length, compact in structure and capable of meeting design requirements. Under the condition of not using a complex transition structure, the good characteristics of matching, reflection and isolation are realized at the same time, and the problems that the existing coupling structure can not simultaneously meet the requirements of H-face extraction, and the coupling structure is simple and compact in structure and excellent in performance are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microwave vacuum electronic devices, in particular to a millimeter wave/terahertz band-shaped beam traveling wave tube.
Background
The millimeter wave/terahertz technology has important application value in the fields of future communication, imaging, radar and the like. The main obstacle to the current development is the lack of a broadband coherent radiation source with compact structure and moderate power level. The traveling wave tube is a vacuum electronic device, and can realize generation or amplification of millimeter wave/terahertz signals. Compared with other types of devices, the traveling wave tube is one of the few devices which have broadband, high gain, high power capability and compact structure at the same time in millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands at present. The traveling wave tube device of the traditional system is limited by the size cotransition effect, namely, as the frequency increases, the square of the output power along with the frequency decreases, and the capability of the traveling wave tube for working in a high-frequency section is greatly limited. The ribbon electron beam technology is an effective technical approach for overcoming the problem, and is one of research hot spots in the field of terahertz vacuum electronic devices at present.
The staggered grid slow wave structure is an all-metal slow wave structure suitable for a band-shaped electron beam traveling wave tube high-frequency system, and has the advantages of large power capacity and wide frequency band. Although the staggered gate slow wave structure has excellent inherent performance, particularly has wide-band amplifying capability, the relative bandwidth can reach 30% theoretically. As shown in fig. 1, a conventional slow wave structure of a ribbon beam staggered grid traveling wave tube is provided with a staggered grid structure 2 and ribbon electron beam channels 3 formed between end faces of the grid structure in a rectangular waveguide 1. Since the electromagnetic wave transmission path and the electron beam transmission path of such a slow wave structure cannot be naturally separated, the input and output coupling structure must be carefully designed in an actual device to achieve effective feeding and extraction of electromagnetic wave signals.
The energy transmission coupling system commonly used in the prior art is an H-plane coupling system, as shown in fig. 2, the arrangement direction of the lead-in/lead-out waveguide is parallel to the plane of the magnetic field system, and the lead-out waveguide is led out from the middle of the upper magnetic field plane and the lower magnetic field plane, and the energy transmission coupling structure and the magnetic field system are not affected by each other. However, the H-plane coupling structure requires extremely complex transition designs including end taper designs on the slow wave structure side, matching designs on the energy delivery waveguide side, and isolator designs on the electron gun side. Finally, energy-delivery coupling systems meeting performance requirements tend to be oversized and complex in structure.
Because of the complex transmission characteristics of the ribbon beam and the difficulty in stable long-distance transmission, the design of the ribbon beam traveling wave tube hopes that the traveling wave tube is as short as possible in the axial direction of the traveling of the beam so as to minimize the interception of the beam. Thus, an excessively long coupling system is not desirable. This is one of the key problems that researchers have been working on solving in the current ribbon beam traveling wave tube development. In addition, too complex a structure may present difficulties in manufacturing implementation. In particular, in the terahertz frequency band, the optimal dimension in the electrical performance design is often difficult to realize strictly in practical processing, which results in that the performance of the practical structure is difficult to reach the design expectation. Thus, the structure of the coupling system needs to be as simple as possible in terms of implementation of the processing technology and performance.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a ribbon beam staggered grid traveling wave tube input-output coupling structure which has short length, compact structure and performance meeting practical requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an energy transmission coupling structure for a staggered gate traveling wave tube, the structure comprising
The three-branch waveguide coupling structure comprises a first branch waveguide, a second branch waveguide and a third branch waveguide, wherein the first branch waveguide and the second branch waveguide are arranged along the travelling direction of the electron beam; and
At least one ridge disposed in the third branched waveguide in the waveguide height direction is loaded,
Wherein each branched waveguide has the same height, and the height of the ridge loading is 10-30% of the height of the waveguide.
Preferably, the at least one ridge load is disposed proximate to the three-branch waveguide junction.
Preferably, the at least one ridge load is symmetrically disposed about the third branch waveguide width centerline.
Preferably, the coupling structure is a traveling wave tube input coupling structure, and further comprises reflectors branched on the electron gun side of the traveling wave tube.
Preferably, the coupling structure is a traveling wave tube output coupling structure, and further comprises a reflector branched on the collector side of the traveling wave tube.
Preferably, the coupling structure is designed to be directly coupled with the slow wave structure waveguide of the traveling wave tube.
Preferably, the ridge loading is integrally formed with the waveguide.
Preferably, the ridge is loaded as a tuning peg adjustably disposed in the coupling structure by a through hole disposed on the broad side of the waveguide.
The invention further relates to a staggered grid traveling wave tube, which comprises an electron gun, an input coupling structure, a high-frequency system, an output coupling structure and a collector, wherein the input coupling structure and the output coupling structure are energy transmission coupling structures as described above, and the input coupling structure and the output coupling structure are respectively and directly coupled with a slow wave structure of the high-frequency system.
Preferably, the traveling wave tube further comprises a magnetic focusing system, microwaves of the input coupling structure and the output coupling structure are respectively input and output parallel to the plane of the magnetic focusing system
The invention provides an energy transmission coupling structure of a traveling wave tube based on a three-branch waveguide coupler, which is provided with a ridge load in a three-branch waveguide intersection area, and is short in axial length, compact in structure and capable of meeting design requirements. Under the condition of not using a complex transition structure, the good characteristics of matching, reflection and isolation are realized at the same time, and the problems that the existing coupling structure can not simultaneously meet the requirements of H-face extraction, and the coupling structure is simple and compact in structure and excellent in performance are solved. With one ridge loading and one Bragg reflector, a matching of better than-20 dB in the 20GHz bandwidth range can be achieved. Meanwhile, the ridge is positioned at the middle part of the three-branch waveguide, so that the lengths of the two ends of the coupling structure are not increased, and compared with the length of the existing energy transmission structure, the length of the coupling structure can be shortened by at least 3 slow wave structure periods. For the whole traveling wave tube, the length of 6 slow wave periods can be shortened by the input coupling structure and the output coupling structure together, and the size of the traveling wave tube can be obviously reduced.
Drawings
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a slow wave structure of a conventional staggered gate traveling wave tube;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an energy-transfer coupling structure of a prior art staggered gate traveling wave tube;
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an energy delivery coupling structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of an energy delivery coupling structure according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the energy coupling structure of comparative example 2 according to the present invention;
fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of an energy delivery coupling structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the S-parameter performance of the energy input coupling structure according to the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Like parts in the drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and that this invention is not limited to the details given herein.
It should be noted that, for ease of understanding, fig. 1 herein schematically illustrates, in a cutaway section, a metal portion of a waveguide in a slow wave structure of an staggered gate traveling wave tube, and fig. 2 to 6 illustrate, in a line surrounding section, a vacuum portion of the traveling wave tube waveguide.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an energy coupling structure 200 of a prior art staggered gate traveling wave tube. The coupling structure is a three-branch waveguide coupling structure, and comprises a waveguide branch 210 for electromagnetic wave input and output, and the cross section of the branch waveguide is denoted by 201; slow wave structure branches 220; and a traveling wave tube electron gun or collector side branch 230, the cross-section of which is indicated at 203. The extending direction of the branch of the slow wave structure and the branch of the electron gun or the collector is the direction of the electron beam channel, and is also called the axial direction of the traveling wave tube. The input and output waveguides and the slow wave structure waveguide are coupled through the stepped gradual change waveguide 221 arranged along the axial direction, so that matching of performance parameters and structure size is realized. The coupling structure of the input-output waveguide and the electron gun or collector side waveguide includes a plurality of bragg reflectors 231 disposed perpendicular to the electron beam path for reflecting and isolating transmission of the input or output electromagnetic waves to the electron gun or collector. As shown in the conventional three-branch waveguide structure, the height of the end face 201 of the input/output waveguide is greater than the height of the waveguide section 203, and is matched with the slow-wave structure waveguide by the graded waveguide 221.
Ideally, it is desirable that the electromagnetic wave energy delivery waveguide be matched to the slow wave structure waveguide while both are isolated from the electron gun or collector structure. For example, the reflective properties of the coupling structure are required: s 11,S22 < -10dB; isolation characteristics: s 31,S32 < -10dB. To achieve the isolation characteristics, a reflector 231 is provided on the electron gun or collector side. The principle of the reflector is to simulate the open circuit load of a transmission line to form an equivalent electric boundary so as to realize total reflection on electromagnetic wave signals. However, the single-stage reflective isolator generally cannot satisfy the isolation characteristic and simultaneously satisfy the matching characteristic, that is, the signal from the side of the slow wave structure is reflected and transmitted along the energy transmission side as far as possible, and the signal from the energy transmission side is reflected and transmitted towards the side of the slow wave structure. For this reason, it is common practice to employ a multi-stage reflector arrangement, such as a plurality of bragg reflectors as shown in fig. 2. This results in an increase in circuit length. Therefore, the energy transmission coupling structure in the prior art has the problems of overlarge axial length and complex structure.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an energy coupling structure 300 of a staggered grid traveling wave tube according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The coupling structure is a three-branch waveguide coupling structure, and comprises waveguide branches 310 for electromagnetic wave input and output, wherein the waveguide sections of the waveguide branches are marked with 301; a slow wave structure branch 320, the waveguide section of which is indicated at 302; and a traveling wave tube electron gun or collector side waveguide branch 330, the waveguide section of which is indicated at 303. The extending direction of the branch of the slow wave structure and the branch of the electron gun or the collector is the direction of the electron beam channel. The coupling structure 300 has the same height in three branches, and ridge loads 311 are provided in the height direction in the interaction regions of the three branches. The ridge loading may be a raised circular ridge, or may be other shaped ridge loading, and may be integrally formed with a side waveguide. By providing this ridge loading, the dielectric frequency of the waveguide can be reduced, thereby improving the transmission matching characteristics of the energy-delivering branches and the slow-wave structure branches. Preferably, the center of ridge loading is located on the broad middle line of the energy transmission waveguide and is located on the side of the energy transmission waveguide. The height of the ridge loading is preferably 10-30% of the height of the coupling structure. The size and number of ridge loads can be determined according to the performance parameter design of the isolation coupling structure to obtain dual improvements of the matching effect and the isolation effect. According to the invention, the ridge waveguide is arranged in the energy transmission waveguide of the coupling structure, so that a gradual change waveguide structure between the energy transmission waveguide and the slow wave structure in the prior art can be omitted, and the axial dimension of the coupling structure is obviously reduced.
To further improve the reflection, isolation characteristics, the coupling structure according to the invention is provided with a reflector structure on the electron gun or collector side. Because the ridge waveguide in the energy transmission waveguide plays a role in isolating electromagnetic waves, only one reflector can be adopted if needed, and the axial size of the coupling structure is further reduced.
There is further provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention an energy delivery coupling structure with tunable matching properties. Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of an energy-delivery coupling structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the coupling structure is formed with a ridge hole and a tuning peg matching the ridge hole in the width direction of the energy transmission waveguide. The coupling structure can be tuned by adjusting the depth of the tuning nail in the waveguide during the assembly of the coupling structure, so that errors and characteristic changes introduced in the processes of circuit processing, assembly and welding are overcome, and the obtained coupling structure meets the design requirement. And after the height of the tuning nail is determined, the tuning nail is welded and fixed, and a tuned energy transmission coupling structure is obtained.
According to yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a staggered grid traveling wave tube comprising an electron gun, an input coupling structure, a high frequency system, an output coupling structure and a collector, and a magnetic focusing system. The input coupling structure and the output coupling structure are respectively the energy-transmitting coupling structures as described above. The three branch waveguides of the input coupling structure are respectively coupled with the electron gun and the electromagnetic wave input waveguide, and are directly coupled with the staggered grid slow wave structure. The three branch waveguides of the output coupling structure are respectively coupled with the collector and the electromagnetic wave output waveguide and are directly coupled with the slow wave structure of the high-frequency system. The input coupling structure and the output coupling structure of the traveling wave tube are H-plane coupling structures, and microwaves are respectively parallel to the plane input and output of the magnetic focusing system.
The structure and performance effects according to the present invention will be specifically described below by taking an input coupling structure applied to an electromagnetic wave input waveguide, an electron gun, and a slow wave structure as an example.
Example 1
The coupling structure according to example 1 of the present invention is shown in fig. 3 as a three-branch coupler including an input waveguide branch 310, a slow wave structure branch 320 and an electron gun branch 330. The coupling structure has dimensions of 0.78mm and 0.35mm in width a and height b, respectively, of the waveguide cross-section of the three branches, 0.37mm in diameter R for ridge loading and 0.07mm in height dh, as shown in fig. 4, centered on the centerline of the input branch width, adjacent to one side of the input waveguide. The input coupler of this example, for example, adopts a two-piece structure, and a cylindrical ridge load is integrally processed on one of the waveguides to ensure accuracy. The coupling structure is provided with a Bragg reflector at one side of the electron gun. The dimension between the input waveguide width center line and the slow wave structure entrance is 1.28mm, which is 2.5 times the period length of the slow wave structure of 0.51 mm. The input waveguide and the slow wave structure coupling portion have an arc structure. The performance of example 1 was simulated using electromagnetic simulation software CST. The results shown in FIG. 7 were obtained. Wherein s11_a curve represents the matching characteristics, i.e. the reflection characteristics when power is fed from the waveguide port, the reflection being less than-20 dB in the frequency range 210-230GHz in the figure; s21—a represents the transmission characteristic of the power, and the closer the value is to zero, the better, which means that the fed-in power is almost transmitted to the slow wave structure direction; the s31_a curve represents the isolation characteristic of the electron gun side.
Comparative example 1
Unlike example 1, the coupling structure of this comparative example was identical to that of example 1 except that no ridge loading was formed. The matching parameters and the isolation parameters of example 1 were simulated using CST software to obtain the results shown as curve s11_b in fig. 7. By comparison with s11_a, it can be seen that the matching properties are significantly worse without ridge loading. Put another way, ridge loading significantly improves the matching characteristics of a common three-branch waveguide.
Comparative example 2
The coupling structure of this comparative example 2 has the same frequency band as in example 1. Unlike example 1, the coupling structure does not form a ridge load, and two stepped transition waveguides toward the slow wave structure are provided between the input waveguide and the slow wave structure, as shown in fig. 5. According to the published literature, the lengths of the two-stage transition waveguides in the same frequency band as the present invention are respectively: i s1＝0.6mm,ls2 = 1.2mm, the period length of the slow wave structure is 0.51mm, so the length of the two-stage transition waveguide corresponds to 3.6 periods of the slow wave structure. It should be noted that in the case where both the input and output coupling structures of the traveling wave tube are transition waveguides, the traveling wave tube has more than 7 periods of slow wave structure with only a stepped transition section.
Compared with a structure adopting a multi-step transition waveguide, the method for adding the load in situ in the input waveguide structure does not increase the length of the coupling structure, and the compactness of the structure is maintained. In addition, the ridge loading has good parameter adjusting characteristics, so that the performance requirement can be met by adopting a single-section reflecting isolator, and the length of the coupler is further shortened. It can be seen that the coupling structure according to an example of the invention has a matching characteristic S 11,S22 < -20dB in the range of 210GHz to 230GHz, while isolating < -10dB. Completely meets the practical requirements.
Example 2
The coupling structure according to example 2 of the present invention is shown in fig. 6, which is a three-branch waveguide coupler including an input waveguide branch, a slow wave structure branch, and an electron gun branch. The input coupler of this example still adopts a two-piece structure in actual fabrication, but unlike the way of directly machining the raised spine in example 1, this example is to make a through hole in one of the waveguides that is consistent with the loading diameter of the spine, and to work the tuning pins in concert. In the test, two waveguides are clamped by a die, and the matching characteristics of the coupler are corrected by adjusting the insertion depth of the tuning pin. The tuning pins are inserted into the waveguide to a depth of between 0.05mm and 0.1 mm. The depth change within the precision range can be controlled by an external precise tuning assembly. After meeting the requirements, the pins are fixed, and the two circuits are welded into a whole.
It can be seen that the tunable coupling structure according to the present invention allows for adjustment of the matching characteristics by varying the height of the ridge loading without changing the size and shape. This adds an effective fine tuning mechanism to the actual coupling structure that compensates for the poor matching performance caused by the machining, assembly and welding processes.
It should be understood that the foregoing examples of the present invention are provided merely for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and that various other changes and modifications may be made therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. An energy transmission coupling structure for a staggered gate traveling wave tube, the structure comprising
The three-branch waveguide coupling structure comprises a first branch and a second branch which are arranged along the travelling direction of the electron beam and a third branch for microwave transmission; and
At least one ridge disposed in the third branched waveguide in the waveguide height direction is loaded,
Wherein each branched waveguide has the same height, and the height of ridge loading is 10-30% of the height of the waveguide;
The at least one ridge load is arranged near the three-branch waveguide junction region;
the at least one ridge load is symmetrically disposed about the third branch waveguide width centerline.
2. The energy transmission coupling structure according to claim 1, wherein the coupling structure is an input coupling structure, and further comprising a reflector branched from the electron gun side of the traveling wave tube.
3. The energy delivery coupling structure of claim 1, wherein the coupling structure is an output coupling structure, further comprising a reflector branching off from a collector side of the traveling wave tube.
4. An energy delivery coupling structure according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the coupling structure is designed to couple directly with a slow wave structure waveguide of a travelling wave tube.
5. The energy delivery coupling structure of claim 1, wherein the ridge loading is integrally formed with the waveguide.
6. The energy delivery coupling structure of claim 1, wherein the ridge is loaded as a tuning pin adjustably disposed in the coupling structure through a through hole disposed on the broad side of the waveguide.
7. The staggered grid traveling wave tube comprises an electron gun, an input coupling structure, a high-frequency system, an output coupling structure and a collector, and is characterized in that the input coupling structure and the output coupling structure are energy transmission coupling structures according to claim 1, and the input coupling structure and the output coupling structure are respectively and directly coupled with a slow wave structure of the high-frequency system.
8. The staggered gate traveling wave tube of claim 7, further comprising a magnetic focusing system, microwaves of the input coupling structure and the output coupling structure being respectively parallel to a plane input and output of the magnetic focusing system.
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| CN105470075A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-04-06 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十二研究所 | Energy coupler applicable to cosine grating-loaded folded waveguide slow-wave structure |
| CA3025335A1 (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-05-28 | Thales | Internal load for travelling wave tube using a folded-waveguide slow-wave structure |
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| CN105551920B (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2017-05-17 | 电子科技大学 | Ultra wide band high-power terahertz radiation source |
| CN106449337B (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2018-01-12 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | A kind of long pulse Relativistic backward-wave oscillator |
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| CN105470075A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-04-06 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十二研究所 | Energy coupler applicable to cosine grating-loaded folded waveguide slow-wave structure |
| CA3025335A1 (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-05-28 | Thales | Internal load for travelling wave tube using a folded-waveguide slow-wave structure |
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