CN112795356A - 一种聚氨酯发泡胶及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种聚氨酯发泡胶，其由聚氨酯预聚体、发泡剂、催化剂、纳米填料、泡沫稳定剂、表面活性剂、氯化石蜡组成，本发明的聚氨酯发泡胶中聚氨酯预聚体通过包括有阻燃性聚醚元醇的组合聚醚，因此具有阻燃性能的的官能团能够参与聚氨酯的合成反应，进入值聚氨酯链结构中，使得聚氨酯泡沫本身就具有阻燃性能，使得聚氨酯泡沫具有优良的阻燃性能，且阻燃性能持久；且本发明的聚氨酯发泡胶具有优良的粘结性，拉伸粘结强度高，力学性能优异，且泡沫发泡稳定、均匀，其能够替代砂浆将保温板粘接在混凝土、金属、玻璃、塑料等各类基面上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种聚氨酯发泡胶及其应用
背景技术
目前，聚氨酯发泡剂全称单组分聚氨酯泡沫填缝剂，俗称发泡剂、发泡胶、PU填缝剂，是气雾技术和聚氨酯泡沫技术交叉结合的产物。当物料从气雾罐中喷出时，泡沫状的聚氨酯物料会迅速膨胀并与空气或接触到的基体中的水分发生固化反应形成泡沫。固化后的聚氨酯泡沫填缝剂泡沫具有填缝、粘结、密封、隔热、吸音等多种效果，是一种环保节能、使用方便的建筑材料，可适用于密封堵漏、填空补缝、固定粘结，保温隔音，尤其适用于塑钢或铝合金门窗和墙体间的密封堵漏及防水，使用也越来越广泛。用于建筑外墙保温领域还具有在严寒地区可在-35度极寒天气下使用。
但现有的聚氨酯发泡胶多为未经过阻燃处理的B3-B1级(易燃-难燃)发泡胶，在使用过程中，存有一定的安全隐患。
发明内容
因此，基于以上背景，本发明提供一种阻燃性能优异，安全性高，且力学性能优异的聚氨酯发泡胶，且其具有广泛的应用。
本发明的技术方案为：
一种聚氨酯发泡胶及其应用，其由以下组分组成：
聚氨酯预聚体100-150份、发泡剂10-70份、催化剂1-15份、纳米填料10-30份、泡沫稳定剂1-10份、表面活性剂2-10份、氯化石蜡2-10份，所述聚氨酯预聚体为二异氰酸与聚醚多元醇为原料，反应制得，所述聚醚多元醇采用多种聚醚多元醇组成的组合聚醚，所述聚醚多元醇包括聚醚多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B，所述聚醚多元醇A为含有磷和卤素的反应型阻燃聚醚，其羟值为120-250(mgKOH/g)，黏度为100-200(mPa·S)，所述聚醚多元醇B的羟值为100-110(mgKOH/g)，官能度2-4，相对分子量为1000-5000。
进一步地，所述纳米填料为纳米气相白炭黑或碳纳米纤维或气凝胶的至少一种。
进一步地，所述表面活性剂为有机硅表面活性剂。
进一步地，所述发泡剂为二甲醚、丙丁烷、二氯二氟甲烷、环戊烷、正/异戊烷的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述催化剂为二甲基环已胺、四甲基乙二胺、双吗啉基二乙基醚(DMDEE)的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述发泡胶可用于建筑材料的保温板或砂浆中的填缝或修补或粘结材料进行使用。
进一步地，所述发泡胶可替代砂浆作为保温板与基面进行粘结的材料使用，其初凝时间为5min，完全固化时间小于30分钟。
采用上述技术方案，具有的有益效果如下：
本发明的聚氨酯发泡胶中聚氨酯预聚体通过包括有阻燃性聚醚元醇的组合聚醚，因此具有阻燃性能的的官能团能够参与聚氨酯的合成反应，进入值聚氨酯链结构中，使得聚氨酯泡沫本身就具有阻燃性能，使得聚氨酯泡沫具有优良的阻燃性能，且阻燃性能持久；且本发明的聚氨酯发泡胶具有优良的粘结性，拉伸粘结强度高，力学性能优异，且泡沫发泡稳定、均匀，其能够替代砂浆将保温板粘接在基面上。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。下述实施例中所用未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
实施例1：一种聚氨酯发泡胶，其由以下组分组成：
聚氨酯预聚体100-150份、发泡剂10-70份、催化剂1-15份、纳米填料10-30份、泡沫稳定剂1-10份、表面活性剂2-10份、氯化石蜡2-10份，所述聚氨酯预聚体为二异氰酸与聚醚多元醇为原料，反应制得，所述聚醚多元醇采用多种聚醚多元醇组成的组合聚醚，所述聚醚多元醇包括聚醚多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B，所述聚醚多元醇A为含有磷和卤素的反应型阻燃聚醚，其羟值为120-250(mgKOH/g)，黏度为100-200(mPa·S)，所述聚醚多元醇B的羟值为100-110(mgKOH/g)，官能度2-4，相对分子量为1000-5000。
所述纳米填料为纳米气相白炭黑，纳米填料能够对聚氨酯发泡胶发泡后的聚氨酯泡沫材料进行补强，增强其力学强度。
所述表面活性剂为有机硅表面活性剂，表面活性剂能够增强各物料之间的相容性，降低体系表面的张力，形成更多的成核点，从而得到均匀细密的泡孔结构。
所述发泡剂为二甲醚、二氯二氟甲烷。
所述催化剂为双吗啉基二乙基醚(DMDEE)。
实施例2：实施例1中的聚氨酯发泡胶替代砂浆作为粘结剂使用时，其施工方法为：
施工前，应去除施工表面的油污和浮尘，并在施工表面喷洒少量水。使用前，将聚氨酯发泡剂罐摇动至少60秒，确保罐内物料均匀。若采用枪式聚氨酯发泡剂，使用时将料罐倒置与喷枪螺纹连接，旋转打开流量阀，调节流量后再进行喷射。将发泡胶喷射于保温板背面，再将保温板粘贴于墙面或其他金属或非金属表面。由于重力的作用，未固化时可能会下坠，建议在刚粘贴后进行适当支撑，待泡沫固化粘结后再撤离支撑。10分钟左右，泡沫脱粘，60分钟后可进行下道工序。
其初凝时间为10min，完全固化时间小于30分钟，而砂浆作为粘结剂使用时，其初凝时间为2小时，而完全固化时间24小时，因此相比较于砂浆，本发明的聚氨酯发泡胶的所需要固化时间短，可节省大量的施工时间。
实施例3：实施例1中的聚氨酯发泡胶作为砂浆的粘结材料使用时，其技术参数见表1，其中保温板为岩棉防火保温板。
表1：聚氨酯发泡胶粘结保温板与砂浆的技术参数
以上对本发明及其实施方式进行了描述，这种描述没有限制性，上述实施例中所示的也只是本发明的实施方式之一，实际的结构并不局限于此。总而言之如果本领域的普通技术人员受其启示，在不脱离本发明创造宗旨的情况下，不经创造性的设计出与该技术方案相似的结构方式及实施例，均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种聚氨酯发泡胶及其应用，其特征在于，其由以下组分组成：
聚氨酯预聚体100-150份、发泡剂10-70份、催化剂1-15份、纳米填料10-30份、泡沫稳定剂1-10份、表面活性剂2-10份、氯化石蜡2-10份，所述聚氨酯预聚体为二异氰酸与聚醚多元醇为原料，反应制得，所述聚醚多元醇采用多种聚醚多元醇组成的组合聚醚，所述聚醚多元醇包括聚醚多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B，所述聚醚多元醇A为含有磷和卤素的反应型阻燃聚醚，其羟值为120-250(mgKOH/g)，黏度为100-200(mPa·S)，所述聚醚多元醇B的羟值为100-110(mgKOH/g)，官能度2-4，相对分子量为1000-5000。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚氨酯发泡胶及其应用，其特征在于，所述纳米填料为纳米气相白炭黑或碳纳米纤维或气凝胶的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚氨酯发泡胶及其应用，其特征在于，所述表面活性剂为有机硅表面活性剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚氨酯发泡胶及其应用，其特征在于，所述发泡剂为二甲醚、丙丁烷、二氯二氟甲烷、环戊烷、正/异戊烷的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚氨酯发泡胶及其应用，其特征在于，所述催化剂为二甲基环已胺、四甲基乙二胺、双吗啉基二乙基醚(DMDEE)的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的一种聚氨酯发泡胶及其应用，其特征在于，所述发泡胶可用于建筑材料的保温板或砂浆中的填缝或修补或粘结材料进行使用。
7.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的一种聚氨酯发泡胶及其应用，其特征在于，所述发泡胶可替代砂浆作为保温板与基面进行粘结的材料使用。
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