CN112764153B - Band-stop filter suitable for any spectral shape, and preparation method and system thereof - Google Patents
Band-stop filter suitable for any spectral shape, and preparation method and system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/0208—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by their structure, wavelength response
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/02123—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating
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Abstract
本发明属于光学器件相关技术领域，其公开了一种适用于任意光谱形状的带阻滤波器、及其制备方法与系统，所述带阻滤波器包括单模光纤包层、单模光纤纤芯及倾斜光纤光栅，所述单模光纤包层包裹在所述单模光纤纤芯的外部，其覆盖在所述单模光纤纤芯上，所述倾斜光纤光栅被刻写在所述单模光纤纤芯上；其中，所述倾斜光纤光栅为连续刻写的非均匀周期、折射率调制可控的变迹倾斜啁啾光纤光栅；所述倾斜光纤光栅将所述单模光纤纤芯中的传输光耦合到所述单模光纤包层中，且由于其是啁啾形而使得该传输光出现预定波长范围的带宽损耗。本发明制作过程简便、制作成本低。
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical devices, and discloses a band-stop filter suitable for any spectral shape, and a preparation method and system thereof. The band-stop filter comprises a single-mode fiber cladding layer and a single-mode fiber core. and a tilted fiber grating, the single-mode fiber cladding is wrapped on the outside of the single-mode fiber core, which covers the single-mode fiber core, and the tilted fiber grating is written on the single-mode fiber fiber On the core; wherein, the tilted fiber grating is a continuously inscribed non-uniform period, refractive index modulation controllable apodized tilted chirped fiber grating; the tilted fiber grating couples the transmission light in the single-mode fiber core into the single-mode fiber cladding, and because it is chirped, the transmitted light exhibits a bandwidth loss in a predetermined wavelength range. The preparation process of the invention is simple and the preparation cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the related technical field of optical devices, and particularly relates to a band-stop filter applicable to any spectral shape, and a preparation method and a system thereof.
Background
Spectral filters are optical devices that perform optical filtering by using optical elements that produce different transmittances for light of different wavelengths, and are widely used in the technical fields of optical communication, optical sensing, and the like.
In order to realize a spectral band-stop filter, the existing scheme is to combine an inclined fiber grating and a chirped grating, and write an apodized inclined chirped fiber grating through a phase mask plate determined by a chirp rate, wherein the apodized inclined chirped fiber grating can be used as a broadband band-stop filter, but the mask plate needs to be replaced to change the parameters of the filter, which increases the manufacturing cost of the filter, and the method is not suitable for manufacturing the spectral filter with a specific shape of spectrum.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a band elimination filter suitable for any spectral shape, and a preparation method and a system thereof, aiming at solving the problem that the spectral shape of the existing band elimination filter is uncontrollable. The optical fiber is coupled by light wave radiation transmitted in the optical fiber core of the band-elimination filter to realize the band-elimination filtering function, the apodization inclined chirp grating is written along the axial direction of the optical fiber, and the modulation depth of the refractive index along the axial direction of the grating is set to be distributed according to a specific shape, so that the spectrum shape control of the apodization inclined optical fiber grating filter is realized, and the spectrum filtering of any spectrum shape in a free spectrum range is realized.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a band-stop filter suitable for any spectral shape, the band-stop filter comprising a single-mode fiber cladding, a single-mode fiber core, and an inclined fiber grating, the single-mode fiber cladding being wrapped outside the single-mode fiber core and covering the single-mode fiber core, the inclined fiber grating being inscribed on the single-mode fiber core;
the inclined fiber grating is an apodization inclined chirped fiber grating with continuously-written non-uniform period and controllable refractive index modulation; the tilted fiber grating couples the transmission light in the core of the single-mode fiber into the cladding of the single-mode fiber, and the transmission light exhibits a bandwidth loss in a predetermined wavelength range because it is chirped.
Furthermore, a predetermined included angle is formed between the grating surface structure of the tilted fiber grating and the fiber axis, the grating period of the tilted fiber grating linearly changes along the fiber axis by Λ (z), and different grating periods exist at different positions z of the grating along the fiber.
Furthermore, the relative refractive index modulation depth of the tilted fiber grating is distributed according to a relative refractive index modulation function Δ n (z), and the spectral shape S (λ) of the band-stop filter is regulated and controlled by the relative refractive index modulation function Δ n (z) distribution.
Further, Δ n (z) and S (λ) satisfy the following formula:
wherein S (lambda) is the spectral distribution of the band-stop filter; Δ n (z) is the relative refractive index modulation function; β (Δ n (z);, λ) is the specific wavelength and position grating coupling coefficient; l is the grating length;
Δn(z)∝P(z)*V(z)
wherein P (z) is the intensity distribution of the ultraviolet laser beam along the grating length, and V (z) is the distribution of the refractive index modulation visibility along the grating length, and the variation range is 0-1.
Further, the band-stop filtering strength of the tilted fiber grating for different wavelengths of light depends on the relative modulation depth Δ n of the tilted fiber grating.
Furthermore, the refractive index modulation relative intensity of the inclined fiber grating along the axial direction of the grating meets the requirement of random distribution; the single-mode optical fiber cladding comprises quartz; and carrying out hydrogen-carrying sensitization treatment on the fiber core of the optical fiber before writing.
According to another aspect of the invention, a method for preparing the band-stop filter suitable for any spectral shape is provided, and the method is an ultraviolet laser intensity modulation direct etching method.
According to another aspect of the invention, a preparation system of a band-stop filter applicable to any spectral shape is provided, and the preparation system is used for realizing the preparation method of the band-stop filter applicable to any spectral shape, and comprises an ultraviolet laser, a diaphragm, a reflection lens, an amplitude mask plate, a focusing lens, a chirp phase mask plate and clamps, wherein the reflection lens, the diaphragm and the ultraviolet laser are sequentially arranged at intervals along the horizontal direction, the chirp phase mask plate is arranged on a piezoelectric vibration platform, and the two clamps are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the piezoelectric vibration platform; the two clamps are respectively used for connecting and fixing two opposite ends of the single-mode optical fiber; the reflection lens, the amplitude mask plate, the focusing lens and the chirp phase mask plate are arranged at intervals from top to bottom;
the ultraviolet laser emits ultraviolet laser, the ultraviolet laser sequentially passes through the reflecting lens and the amplitude mask plate after being shaped by the diaphragm, ultraviolet laser beams which are distributed along the intensity of the grating length and are consistent with the shape of the diaphragm are obtained, the ultraviolet laser beams pass through the focusing lens to form focusing light spots, the focusing light spots are incident on the chirp phase mask plate, diffraction light spots generated by the chirp phase mask plate are used for modulating the refractive index of the single-mode optical fiber, and therefore the band-stop filter is obtained.
According to another aspect of the invention, a preparation method of the band-stop filter suitable for any spectral shape is provided, and the preparation method is an ultraviolet laser scanning mask plate method.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a system for manufacturing a band-stop filter suitable for any spectral shape is provided, where the system is used to implement the above method for manufacturing a band-stop filter suitable for any spectral shape, and includes an ultraviolet laser, a reflective lens, a focusing lens, a chirped phase mask, a piezoelectric vibration platform, a linear displacement platform, and a clamp; the reflection lens is arranged opposite to the ultraviolet laser, the reflection lens is arranged on the linear displacement platform, and the chirped phase mask plate is arranged on the piezoelectric vibration platform; the reflecting lens, the linear displacement platform, the focusing lens and the piezoelectric vibration platform are sequentially arranged at intervals; the two clamps are respectively positioned on two opposite sides of the piezoelectric vibration platform and used for clamping and fixing two opposite ends of the single-mode optical fiber;
and controlling the voltage of the piezoelectric vibration platform to enable the chirped phase mask plate to scan along the single-mode fiber along with the light beam so as to shake the chirped phase mask plate along the fiber direction according to a preset function and vibration amplitude, and finally enabling the spectral shape function of the prepared filter to be the same as the refractive index modulation depth variation trend function.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the band-stop filter applicable to any spectral shape, the preparation method and the system thereof provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1. the inclined fiber grating couples the transmission light in the single-mode fiber core into the single-mode fiber cladding, and the transmission light has bandwidth loss in a preset wavelength range due to the chirp shape, so that spectrum band-stop filtering in a larger wavelength range can be realized, and the spectrum shape is controllable.
2. The relative refractive index modulation depth of the inclined fiber grating is distributed according to a relative refractive index modulation function delta n (z), and the spectral shape S (lambda) of the band elimination filter is regulated and controlled by the relative refractive index modulation function delta n (z), so that the spectral shape of the filter is changed by changing the refractive index modulation depth, the manufacturing process is simple and convenient, and the manufacturing cost is low.
3. The band elimination filter is simple in structure, high in applicability and beneficial to popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a band-stop filter suitable for any spectral shape provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a manufacturing system provided by the present invention for the band-stop filter of FIG. 1 adapted for use with any shape;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another manufacturing system provided by the present invention for the band-stop filter of FIG. 1 with any shape;
fig. 4 is a graph of the loss spectrum of the band-stop filter of fig. 1 adapted for any spectral shape.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein: the optical fiber displacement measurement device comprises 1-single-mode optical fiber cladding, 2-single-mode optical fiber core, 3-inclined optical fiber grating, 4-ultraviolet laser, 5-diaphragm, 6-reflecting lens, 7-amplitude mask plate, 8-focusing lens, 9-chirp phase mask plate, 10-piezoelectric vibration platform, 11-clamp, 12-optical fiber and 13-linear displacement platform.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, the present invention provides a band-stop filter suitable for any shape, where the band-stop filter includes a single-mode fiber cladding 1, a single-mode fiber core 2, and an inclined fiber grating 3, where the single-mode fiber cladding 1 is wrapped outside the single-mode fiber core 2 and covers the single-mode fiber core 2, and the inclined fiber grating 3 is inscribed on the single-mode fiber core 2.
The inclined fiber grating 3 is an apodization inclined chirped fiber grating with a continuous writing non-uniform period and controllable refractive index modulation; the tilted fiber grating 3 couples the transmission light in the single-mode fiber core 2 into the single-mode fiber cladding 1, and the transmission light exhibits a bandwidth loss in a predetermined wavelength range because it is chirped. In addition, the bandwidth loss is manifested as a flat band-stop filter spectrum when the index modulation depth is constant.
The grating surface structure of the inclined fiber grating 3 and the fiber axis form a preset included angle, the grating period of the inclined fiber grating 3 linearly changes along the fiber axis by lambada (z), and different grating periods exist at different positions of the grating along the fiber, namely z.
The relative refractive index modulation depth of the tilted fiber grating 3 is designed into delta n (z) according to specific function distribution, and the function distribution finally realizes the regulation and control of the spectrum shape S (lambda) of the tilted fiber grating spectrum filter, wherein:
wherein S (lambda) is the spectral distribution of the band-stop filter; Δ n (z) is the relative refractive index modulation function; β (Δ n (z);, λ) is the specific wavelength and position grating coupling coefficient; l is the grating length.
Δn(z)∝P(z)*V(z)
Wherein P (z) is the intensity distribution of the ultraviolet laser beam along the grating length, and V (z) is the distribution of the refractive index modulation visibility along the grating length, and the variation range is 0-1. In this embodiment, the band-stop filtering strength of the tilted fiber grating 3 for different wavelengths of light depends on the relative modulation depth Δ n of the tilted fiber grating 3.
The refractive index modulation relative intensity of the inclined fiber grating 3 along the axial direction of the grating meets the random distribution, and the refractive index modulation relative intensity meets the specific distribution along the length z of the grating, so that the regulation and control of the spectrum shape of the apodization inclined chirped fiber grating spectrum filter are realized.
The grating refractive index relative modulation depth deltan (z) of the tilted fiber grating 3 depends on the writing laser exposure intensity distribution P (z) and the ultraviolet laser interference fringe visibility V (z), and the preparation method can realize the control of the grating refractive index relative modulation intensity by controlling the exposure intensity distribution P (z) or the ultraviolet laser interference fringe visibility V (z).
The single-mode optical fiber cladding 1 is mainly made of quartz, and the parameters of the single-mode optical fiber cladding meet the application in the fields of optical communication and optical sensing. The main material of the single-mode optical fiber core 2 is a quartz material doped with core doping materials such as germanium, phosphorus, erbium and the like, and hydrogen-carrying sensitization treatment needs to be carried out on the optical fiber core 2 before writing. The modulation depth of the relative refractive index of the tilted fiber grating 3 is distributed according to a specific function, and the function is related to the spectral shape of the tilted fiber grating spectral filter.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the band-stop filter suitable for any spectral shape, and the preparation method is used for preparing the band-stop filter suitable for any spectral shape, and comprises an ultraviolet laser light intensity modulation direct etching method and an ultraviolet laser scanning mask plate method.
Referring to fig. 2, an ultraviolet laser direct etching method (which controls the refractive index modulation of a grating along the axial direction by controlling the intensity distribution of ultraviolet laser beams along the length of the grating) is implemented by a preparation system, where the preparation system includes an ultraviolet laser 4, a diaphragm 5, a reflective lens 6, an amplitude mask 7, a focusing lens 8, a chirped phase mask 9, and two clamps 11, the reflective lens 6, the diaphragm 5, and the ultraviolet laser 4 are sequentially arranged at intervals along the horizontal direction, the chirped phase mask 9 is arranged on a piezoelectric vibration platform 10, and the two clamps 11 are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the piezoelectric vibration platform 10. The two clamps 11 are respectively used for connecting and fixing two ends of the single-mode optical fiber 12, which are opposite to each other. The reflection lens 6, the amplitude mask plate 7, the focusing lens 8 and the chirp phase mask plate 9 are arranged at intervals from top to bottom.
The ultraviolet laser 4 is used for emitting ultraviolet laser, the ultraviolet laser passes through the reflecting lens 6 and the amplitude mask plate 7 in sequence after being shaped by the diaphragm 5, ultraviolet laser beams with the intensity distribution along the length of the grating consistent with the shape of the diaphragm 5 are obtained, the ultraviolet laser beams form focusing light spots through the focusing lens 8, the focusing light spots are incident on the chirp phase mask plate 9, and the diffraction light spots generated by the chirp phase mask plate 9 modulate the refractive index of the single-mode optical fiber 12, so that the band-stop filter is obtained.
In this embodiment, the chirped phase mask plate 9 is placed on the piezoelectric vibration platform 10, and the chirped phase mask plate 9 and the single-mode fiber 12 have a certain inclination angle in the vertical direction, where the inclination angle range is 0 to 22.3 °, and a specific inclination angle value is adjusted in actual preparation.
The ultraviolet laser direct etching method mainly comprises the following steps:
1. fixing a single mode optical fiber 12 using a jig 11;
2. placing a chirped phase mask plate 9 on the piezoelectric vibration platform, so that a certain included angle is formed between the chirped phase mask plate 9 and the single-mode fiber 12 in the vertical direction;
3. starting an ultraviolet laser 4, wherein the ultraviolet laser 4 is used for generating ultraviolet laser;
4. the laser pulses are expanded to achieve a desired grating length for writing;
5. the expanded light beams pass through an amplitude mask plate 7, and are adjusted into light beams which are specifically distributed along the axial direction of the optical fiber;
6. the filtered light beams vertically enter a chirped phase mask plate 9 through a focusing lens 8 and generate diffraction fringes;
7. the optical fiber is positioned in the effective interference area of the chirped phase mask plate 9 and is positioned at the focus position of the focusing lens 8, so that the refractive index modulation of the single-mode optical fiber 12 is realized;
8. by changing the shape of the mask 7 with different amplitudes, the control of the intensity distribution of the light beam interference fringes is realized, and finally the specific distribution of the modulation depth of the relative refractive index along the length of the grating is realized.
Referring to fig. 3, the uv laser scanning mask method (which controls the refractive index modulation along the axial direction by controlling v (z) to realize the refractive index modulation visibility along the grating length distribution) is implemented by a preparation system including a uv laser 4, a reflective lens 6, a focusing lens 8, a chirped phase mask 9, a piezoelectric vibration platform 10, a linear displacement platform 13, and a clamp 11. The reflection lens 6 is arranged opposite to the ultraviolet laser 4, the reflection lens 6 is arranged on the linear displacement platform 13, and the chirp phase mask plate 9 is arranged on the piezoelectric vibration platform 10. The reflection lens 6, the linear displacement platform 13, the focusing lens 8 and the piezoelectric vibration platform 10 are sequentially arranged at intervals. The two clamps 11 are respectively located on two opposite sides of the piezoelectric vibration platform 10, and the two clamps 11 are used for clamping and fixing two opposite ends of the single-mode optical fiber 12.
The chirped phase mask 9 is scanned along the optical fiber along with the light beam by controlling the voltage of the piezoelectric vibration platform 10 so as to shake the mask along the optical fiber direction according to a specific function and vibration amplitude, and finally, the spectral shape function of the prepared filter is the same as the refractive index modulation depth variation trend function. Referring to fig. 4, the refractive index modulation depth variation trend function is a trigonometric function, and it can be found that the loss spectrum in the wavelength range of 1.52 μm to 1.62 μm is in the shape of a trigonometric function, which is the same as the refractive index modulation depth variation trend function.
The ultraviolet laser scanning mask plate method mainly comprises the following steps:
1. clamping and fixing the single-mode optical fiber by using a clamp;
2. the reflection lens 6 is arranged on the linear displacement platform 13, and the chirped phase mask plate 9 is arranged on the piezoelectric vibration platform 10, so that the chirped phase mask plate 9 and the single-mode fiber 12 form a certain included angle in the vertical direction;
3. starting an ultraviolet laser 4, wherein the ultraviolet laser 4 is used for generating ultraviolet laser;
4. the reflecting lens 6 collimates the light beam, so that the light beam is parallel to the writing platform and vertically enters the chirp phase mask plate 9;
5. the light beam reflected by the reflecting lens 6 forms a focusing light spot through the focusing lens 8, and the focusing lens 8 and the single-mode fiber 12 are positioned in the focal length of the focusing lens;
6. the focused light spot is incident on the chirped phase mask plate 9 and generates diffraction fringes;
7. placing the single-mode fiber in the diffraction fringe area to realize refractive index modulation on the single-mode fiber;
8. the method comprises the steps of controlling a piezoelectric vibration platform to enable a chirp phase mask plate to generate periodic vibration in the writing process so as to achieve phase modulation of interference fringes, and controlling the distribution of the intensity of voltage applied by the piezoelectric platform along the grating writing axial direction so as to achieve phase control of the interference fringes, so that the ultraviolet laser induced relative refractive index modulation depth is changed along with the vibration of the chirp phase mask plate, and finally the grating refractive index modulation phase is distributed along the grating length according to a given function.
It is understood that, in other embodiments, the ultraviolet laser 4 may be another laser, the ultraviolet laser used may be another type of laser, and the type and the wavelength band of the laser are not limited.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
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| TWI809510B (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2023-07-21 | 新加坡商光寶科技新加坡私人有限公司 | Comb filter with multi-layer structure and miniature spectral detecting device using thereof |
| CN119200084B (en) * | 2024-12-02 | 2025-05-02 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | A cladding light filter based on chirped tilted grating and its preparation method |
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| CA2202308C (en) * | 1996-04-19 | 2001-05-08 | Michihiro Nakai | Optical waveguide grating and production method therefor |
| CN103941329B (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2016-02-24 | 安徽大学 | Method for preparing nested fiber grating filter |
| CN104020522A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-09-03 | 暨南大学 | Broadband tuning chirp inclined optical fiber bragg grating band-stop filter and manufacturing device and method thereof |
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