CN112731519A - Method and device for determining a tremor time interval - Google Patents
Method and device for determining a tremor time interval Download PDFInfo
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- G01V1/37—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy specially adapted for seismic systems using continuous agitation of the ground, e.g. using pulse compression of frequency swept signals for enhancement of received signals
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Abstract
The present specification provides a method and apparatus for determining a tremor time interval, the method comprising: for each shot point, correcting the corresponding preset excitation time by using random chatter time selected in a chatter time interval to obtain corresponding simulated excitation time; the preset interval time between the preset excitation times corresponding to two shot points continuously passed by the seismic source is less than the recording time length; enabling each wave detection point on the receiving line to respond to the non-aliasing seismic data generated by the corresponding shot point at the simulated excitation time, and aliasing the non-aliasing seismic data generated by responding to other shot points to form simulated aliasing data; generating evaluation data from the actual seismic data and the separated seismic data obtained by processing the simulated aliasing data; and determining a chattering time interval meeting the operation requirement according to the evaluation data. Compared with a method for obtaining actual aliasing data through actual operation, the method for obtaining simulated aliasing data through computer simulation can reduce the actual operation amount.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration, in particular to a method for judging whether a flutter time interval meets the operation requirement.
Background
In marine/land seismic physical exploration, in order to improve the seismic acquisition efficiency, available methods include improving the seismic source excitation efficiency, and enabling a detector to be arranged to receive the aliased seismic data; and during subsequent data processing, separating the aliased seismic data by using an aliasing data separation method to obtain separation data corresponding to each shot point position.
Because the carrier driving the seismic source to move in the marine/land seismic exploration has the characteristic of uniform navigation, the aliasing seismic data received by the detector presents the characteristic of regularity, and the separation seismic data meeting the requirements cannot be obtained according to statistical analysis.
Disclosure of Invention
The specification provides a method and a device for determining the flutter time, which realize the setting of the excitation random characteristic of a seismic source in marine/land seismic physical exploration by a computer simulation method and meet the requirements of actual operation.
The present specification provides a method of determining a tremor time interval, comprising:
for each shot point, correcting the corresponding preset excitation time by using random chatter time selected in a chatter time interval to obtain corresponding simulated excitation time; the preset interval time between the preset excitation times corresponding to two shot points continuously passed by the seismic source is less than the recording time length;
enabling each wave detection point on the receiving line to respond to the non-aliasing seismic data generated by the corresponding shot point at the simulated excitation time, and aliasing the non-aliasing seismic data generated by responding to other shot points to form simulated aliasing data;
generating evaluation data from the actual seismic data and the separated seismic data obtained by processing the simulated aliasing data;
and determining a chattering time interval meeting the operation requirement according to the evaluation data.
Optionally, the preset excitation time corresponding to each shot point is obtained by the following steps:
calculating actual interval time according to actual excitation time of two shot points continuously passed by the seismic source; the actual interval time is greater than the recording time length;
correcting the actual interval time by using a correction coefficient to obtain the preset interval time;
and accumulating the preset interval time corresponding to each shot point of the seismic source according to the sequence of the seismic source passing through each shot point, and respectively obtaining the preset excitation time corresponding to each shot point.
Optionally, the evaluation data includes a time domain amplitude residual and/or a time domain amplitude residual root mean square;
generating evaluation data from the actual seismic data and the separated seismic data resulting from processing the simulated aliased data, comprising:
calculating the time domain amplitude residual according to all the actual seismic data and the separation seismic data;
and calculating the root mean square of the time domain amplitude residual errors according to the time domain amplitude residual errors.
Optionally, calculating the time-domain amplitude residual according to all of the actual seismic data and the separated seismic data includes:
sorting the actual seismic data to obtain actual amplitude data of each shot gather;
sorting the separated seismic data to obtain aliased and separated amplitude data of each shot gather;
generating an amplitude residual error of each shot point gather according to the actual amplitude data and the aliasing-separated amplitude data of each shot point gather; the amplitude residual errors of all shot point gather form the time domain amplitude residual error;
calculating a time domain amplitude residual root mean square according to the time domain amplitude residual, comprising:
calculating a residual error root mean square corresponding to each shot point gather according to the amplitude residual error of each shot point gather;
and calculating the time domain amplitude residual error root mean square according to the residual error root mean square corresponding to all shot point gather.
Optionally, calculating a time-domain amplitude residual according to the actual seismic data and the separated seismic data, including:
sorting the actual seismic data to obtain actual amplitude data of each demodulator probe gather;
sorting the actual seismic data, and obtaining aliasing separated amplitude data of each detection point gather according to the aliasing separated detection point seismic data;
generating an amplitude residual error of each detection point gather according to the actual amplitude data of the detection point gather and the amplitude data after aliasing separation of the detection point gather; all the amplitude residuals of the channel sets of the detection points form the time domain amplitude residuals;
calculating a time domain amplitude residual root mean square according to the time domain amplitude residual, comprising:
calculating a residual error root mean square corresponding to each detection point gather according to the amplitude residual error of each detection point gather;
and calculating the time domain amplitude residual error root mean square according to the residual error root mean square corresponding to all the wave detection point gather.
Optionally, the evaluation data includes a time domain amplitude signal-to-noise ratio; generating evaluation data from the actual seismic data and the separated seismic data resulting from processing the simulated aliased data, further comprising:
calculating an actual amplitude root mean square according to the actual seismic data;
and calculating the signal-to-noise ratio of the time domain amplitude according to the actual amplitude root-mean-square and the time domain amplitude residual error root-mean-square.
Optionally, the evaluation data includes a spectral residual and/or a spectral residual root-mean-square;
generating evaluation data from the actual seismic data and the separated seismic data resulting from processing the simulated aliased data, further comprising:
performing time-frequency transformation on all the actual seismic data to obtain actual frequency spectrum data;
performing time-frequency transformation on all the separated seismic data to obtain separated frequency spectrum data;
calculating a spectrum residual according to the actual spectrum data and the separated spectrum data;
and calculating the root mean square of the spectrum residuals according to all the spectrum residuals.
The present specification provides an apparatus for determining a tremor time interval, comprising:
the time adjusting unit is used for correcting the corresponding preset excitation time by using random flutter time selected in the flutter time interval for each shot point to obtain corresponding simulation excitation time; the preset interval time between the preset excitation times corresponding to two shot points continuously passed by the seismic source is less than the recording time length;
the data aliasing unit is used for enabling each detection point on the receiving line to respond to the non-aliasing seismic data generated by the corresponding shot point at the simulated excitation time and aliasing the non-aliasing seismic data generated by responding to other shot points to form simulated aliasing data;
an evaluation data generation unit for generating evaluation data from the actual seismic data and the separated seismic data obtained by processing the simulated aliasing data;
and the determining unit is used for determining a chattering time interval meeting the work requirement according to the evaluation data.
Optionally, the apparatus further includes an obtaining unit for obtaining a preset excitation time; the acquisition unit includes:
the interval time calculation module is used for calculating the actual interval time according to the actual excitation time of two shot points continuously passed by the seismic source; the actual interval time is greater than the recording time length;
the correction module is used for correcting the actual interval time by adopting a correction coefficient to obtain the preset interval time;
and the time acquisition module is used for accumulating the preset interval time corresponding to each shot point of the seismic source according to the sequence of the seismic source passing through each shot point to respectively obtain the preset excitation time corresponding to each shot point.
Optionally, the evaluation data includes a time domain amplitude residual and/or a time domain amplitude residual root mean square; the evaluation data generation unit includes:
a time domain amplitude residual calculation module for calculating the time domain amplitude residual according to all the actual seismic data and the separation seismic data;
and the root mean square calculation module is used for calculating the root mean square of the time domain amplitude residual errors according to the time domain amplitude residual errors.
Optionally, the evaluation data includes a time domain amplitude signal-to-noise ratio;
the root-mean-square calculation module is also used for calculating the actual amplitude root-mean-square according to the actual seismic data;
the evaluation data generation unit further includes: and the signal-to-noise ratio calculation module is used for calculating the time domain amplitude signal-to-noise ratio according to the actual amplitude root-mean-square and the time domain amplitude residual root-mean-square.
Optionally, the evaluation data includes a spectral residual and/or a spectral residual root-mean-square; the evaluation data generation unit includes:
the time-frequency conversion module is used for carrying out time domain to frequency domain conversion on all the actual seismic data to obtain actual frequency spectrum data and carrying out time domain to frequency domain conversion on all the separated seismic data to obtain separated frequency spectrum data;
a frequency domain residual error calculation module for calculating a frequency spectrum residual error according to the actual frequency spectrum data and the separated frequency spectrum data;
and the root-mean-square calculation module is used for calculating the root-mean-square of the spectrum residual errors according to all the spectrum residual errors.
The present specification also provides a medium having stored thereon a plurality of instructions adapted to be loaded by a processor and to perform the method of determining a tremor time interval as described above.
The present specification also provides an electronic device comprising a memory and a processor;
the memory stores a plurality of instructions; the instructions are adapted to be loaded by the processor and to perform the method of determining a dithered time interval as described above.
In the method for determining the flutter time interval provided by the present specification, the preset excitation time which is selected in the flutter time interval and is corrected by the random flutter time is used as the simulated excitation time, so that the non-aliasing seismic data corresponding to each shot point is added and aliased with other non-aliasing seismic data at the corresponding simulated excitation time to obtain the simulated aliasing data. Compared with a method for obtaining actual aliasing data through actual operation, the method for obtaining simulated aliasing data through computer simulation does not need to perform actual operation tests on different chattering time intervals, so that the actual operation amount can be reduced; the cost of generating data through computer simulation is far less than the actual operation cost, so the method can also greatly reduce the test cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for determining a tremor time interval provided by an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of pre-set firing time determination;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating amplitude residual error comparison of a gather of demodulator probes according to an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spectral data alignment;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for determining job parameters according to an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of partitioning a job partition;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a travel path of a ship set according to a work division situation;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating comparison of shot gather amplitude residuals according to an embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for determining a tremor time interval provided by an embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the acquisition unit;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an evaluation data unit;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of an electronic device provided by an embodiment;
wherein: 11-a time adjusting unit, 12-a data aliasing unit, 13-an evaluation data generating unit, 131-a time domain amplitude residual error calculating module, 132-a root mean square calculating module, 133-a signal-to-noise ratio calculating module, 134-a time-frequency conversion module, 135-a frequency domain residual error calculating module, 14-a determining unit, 15-an obtaining unit, 151-an interval time calculating module, 152-a correcting module and 153-a time obtaining module;
21-processor, 22-memory, 23-input component, 24-output component, 25-power supply, 26-communication module.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and not restrictive of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the related invention are shown in the drawings.
As described in the background art, because of the uniform velocity navigation characteristic of the vehicle, the time interval of the seismic source passing through the adjacent shot points is a constant value, so that the aliasing seismic data formed by the wave detection points have strong correlation, and the subsequent data processing cannot separate the aliasing seismic data according to the statistical characteristic of the seismic data, so as to obtain the separated seismic data meeting the operation requirements.
In order to overcome the aforementioned problem caused by the uniform velocity traveling characteristic of the vehicle, in an embodiment of the present specification, a flutter time interval is set, excitation times of seismic sources at respective shot points are corrected by using randomly selected flutter times selected in the flutter time interval, so that the excitation times of the seismic sources exhibit a randomly distributed characteristic, and then each seismic data detected at a wave detection point has a randomly distributed characteristic in time, so as to obtain separated seismic data by using aliased seismic data in a later period. It should be noted that the aforementioned flutter time interval is a time segment.
In actual operation, the following conditions need to be considered for selecting the chattering time. Firstly, ensuring that the time of the excitation of the seismic source at each shot point presents randomness meeting the operation requirement; correspondingly, it is necessary to ensure that the dither time interval is as long as possible. Secondly, ensuring that the seismic source is excited at a position close to a preset shot point as far as possible; correspondingly, the length of the flutter time interval needs to be reduced. Due to the above contradiction, it is necessary to select a proper vibration time interval according to the hydrogeological characteristics of the operation area, the depth of the stratum to be explored and the set operation parameters.
If a field work test is performed for each of the different chattering time periods to determine whether each chattering time period can satisfy the work requirement, the cost is too high. In order to solve the foregoing problems, the present specification provides a method for simulating an on-site operation test, which includes aliasing real-collected non-aliased seismic data according to a set dithering time interval by using a computer simulation method to generate aliased seismic data, then processing the aliased seismic data to generate separated seismic data, evaluating whether each dithering time interval meets an operation requirement by using the separated seismic data, and then selecting a reasonable dithering time interval.
Please note that, the premise that the method provided by the embodiment of the present specification can be implemented is that: aliasing-free seismic data has been acquired at the operational block. The method for ensuring the acquired seismic data is aliasing-free data is as follows: the time interval of the excitation of the seismic source at the two shot points which pass through in sequence is ensured to be larger than the recording time length. The length of the recording time is greater than or equal to the time required for the seismic source to generate seismic waves to transmit to the deepest exploration stratum and reflect to the farthest geophone.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for determining a tremor time interval according to an embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, an embodiment provides a method comprising steps S101-S104.
S101: and for each shot point, correcting the corresponding preset excitation time by using the random flutter time selected in the flutter time interval to obtain the corresponding simulated excitation time.
The preset excitation time is preset excitation time of each shot point. In order to meet the requirement of aliasing of actual seismic data in the follow-up realization, the preset time interval of the preset excitation time corresponding to two adjacent shot points is less than the recording length, namely the time interval of the seismic source moving from one shot point to the next shot point is less than the recording time length.
It should be noted that the aforementioned preset interval time being less than the recording time is only for a preset firing time corresponding to a majority of shots; in some cases, for example, in the case of a ship turning around, the preset excitation time corresponding to two adjacent shots may be greater than the preset interval time; since the ratio of the special predetermined interval time to all the predetermined interval times is small, the special predetermined interval time exceeding the length of the recording time does not adversely affect the result of the scheme, and therefore, the special predetermined interval time may not be considered in practical application.
The step S101 of correcting the corresponding preset excitation time by using the randomly selected dither time selected within the range of the dither time interval means: and aiming at each preset excitation time, correcting the preset excitation time by respectively adopting a random value selected in the range of the flutter time interval instead of correcting all the preset excitation times by adopting a random value selected in the range of the flutter time interval.
It should be noted that the dither time interval is set to be much less than the preset interval of time for the source to move from one shot to the next, depending on the operating characteristics and operating requirements. The corresponding simulated firing time is therefore also spaced less than the recording time length for most of the adjacent shots (of course, special cases, such as those mentioned later, are not excluded).
S102: and enabling each wave detection point on the receiving line to respond to the non-aliasing seismic data of the corresponding shot point at the simulated excitation time, and aliasing the non-aliasing seismic data generated by responding to other shot points to generate simulated aliasing data.
Step S102, simulating the ship to sail in the operation block according to a preset sailing track, and exciting the simulated ship at the simulated excitation time and moving to a corresponding shot point.
Because the preset interval time of the excitation at the adjacent shot points is less than the recording time length, the geophones can simultaneously receive seismic waves generated by the excitation of at least two shot points at least at a specific moment and generate seismic data.
Correspondingly, the process of aliasing the non-aliasing seismic data of the shot points corresponding to the response of each wave detection point on the receiving line and the non-aliasing seismic data generated by simultaneously responding to other shot points to generate simulated aliasing data is a process of directly forming actual aliasing data by simultaneously receiving each seismic wave by the simulated geophone.
Note that the number of detection points is plural, and each detection point is on the detection line. The non-aliasing seismic data formed by different demodulator probe response seismic sources in the same shot are different and the same, but have certain correlation.
S103: evaluation data is generated from the actual seismic data and the separated seismic data resulting from processing the simulated aliased data.
Step S103 may be divided into two sub-steps, S1031 and S1032, respectively.
S1031: and processing the simulated aliasing data to obtain the separated seismic data.
The process of processing the simulated aliasing data to obtain the separated seismic data is a process of processing the simulated aliasing data corresponding to all the detection points by adopting a certain data analysis method to obtain all the separated seismic data. The method for processing the simulated aliasing data can adopt the existing public methods in the field of seismic exploration, such as an iterative denoising method and a sparse inversion-based aliasing data separation method, and the embodiment is not described any more.
S1032: evaluation data is generated from the actual seismic data and the separated seismic data.
Step S1032 compares actual seismic data corresponding to the same shot point or the same demodulation point with the separated seismic data to obtain comparison data; and then processing a large amount of comparison data to generate evaluation data.
The evaluation data generated from the alignment data may include at least one of: time domain amplitude residual, time domain amplitude residual root mean square, time domain amplitude signal to noise ratio, spectrum residual root mean square.
S104: and determining a chattering time interval meeting the operation requirement according to the evaluation data.
The chattering time interval meeting the operation requirement is determined according to the evaluation data, and the evaluation data obtained from a certain chattering time interval is preferably compared with the corresponding index data, or the evaluation data obtained from a plurality of different chattering time intervals is preferably compared. When the evaluation data satisfies the index data or when one chatter time has good evaluation data, the corresponding chatter time interval is determined as a chatter time interval for the actual work application.
Further, step S104 may select an optimal chattering time interval to be applied to the actual job based on the evaluation data corresponding to each chattering time interval.
In the method for determining a flutter time interval provided in the foregoing embodiment, the preset excitation time is modified by using the random value selected in the flutter time interval as the simulated excitation time, so that the non-aliasing seismic data corresponding to each shot point starts to be subjected to additive aliasing with other non-aliasing seismic data at the corresponding simulated excitation time, so as to obtain the simulated aliasing data. Compared with a method for obtaining actual aliasing data through actual operation, the method for obtaining simulated aliasing data through computer simulation does not need to perform actual operation tests on each chattering time interval, so that the actual operation amount can be reduced; the cost of generating data through computer simulation is far less than the actual operation cost, so the method can also greatly reduce the test cost.
The aliasing seismic data obtained by the method is based on the actually tested non-aliasing seismic data, and because the process of data aliasing truly simulates the process of the geophone responding to seismic waves formed by different shot points to generate the actually aliased seismic data, the obtained simulated aliasing seismic data has great similarity with the actually aliased seismic data. Further, the separated seismic data obtained based on the simulated aliased seismic data may represent separated seismic data obtained based on real aliased seismic data, with availability of subsequently generated evaluation data and determined tremor times.
For the preset excitation time mentioned in step S101, the present embodiment provides a method such as that shown in fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a preset firing time determination method, which includes steps S201-S203.
S201: and calculating the actual interval time according to the actual excitation time of two shot points which are continuously passed by the seismic source.
S202: and correcting the actual interval time by using the correction coefficient to obtain the preset interval time.
In order to simulate the actual operation situation, i.e. the influence of the hydrological characteristics and the ship dynamic characteristics in the marine exploration operation on the production operation, the present embodiment calculates the preset excitation time based on the actual excitation time of the seismic source at each shot point in the actual operation.
In order to ensure that aliasing-free seismic data are acquired, in actual operation, the actual excitation interval time of the seismic source at two continuous shot points is longer than the recording time length, and the preset excitation interval time corresponding to the two shot points continuously passed by the seismic source is shorter than the recording length. In order to obtain the preset excitation time according to the actual operation condition, the actual excitation interval time of two shot points is firstly calculated. And after the actual interval time is calculated, correcting the actual interval time according to the correction coefficient to obtain the preset interval time. It should be noted that, because of various factors in actual operation, the actual interval time between different consecutive shots may be different, and the corresponding different preset interval time may be different. But most of the preset interval times are smaller than the recording length.
It should be noted that some of the preset intervals may be longer than the recording time, and the corresponding actual working conditions may be that the ship turns around, the seismic source fails and needs to be overhauled, etc. Considering that these cases do not affect the evaluation of the tremor time interval, and the number of shots corresponding to such cases is small, it may not be specially processed.
In some implementations, for the case that the actual interval time is much longer than the recording time length, a specially set and smaller correction coefficient may be used to correct the actual interval time to obtain a preset interval time that is shorter than the recording time length.
S203: and accumulating the preset interval time corresponding to each shot point of the seismic source according to the sequence of the seismic source passing through each shot point, and respectively obtaining the preset excitation time corresponding to each shot point.
Step S203 is to sum up the preset excitation time of the previous shot point and the preset interval time to obtain the preset excitation time corresponding to the next shot point based on the preset excitation time already determined by the previous shot point according to the traveling track of the vehicle.
In addition to the method for determining the preset excitation time, in other embodiments, the time for the ship to move from one shot point to the next shot point under an ideal condition may be calculated according to the distance between the shot points and the actually available ship speed, the time is used as the preset interval time, and the preset excitation time corresponding to each shot point is obtained by accumulating the preset interval time one by one.
As already mentioned above, the evaluation data may comprise a time domain amplitude residual and a time domain amplitude residual root mean square. In the embodiment of the present application, the method for generating the two evaluation data from the actual seismic data and the separated seismic data includes steps S301 to S302.
S301: and calculating a time domain amplitude residual error according to all the actual seismic data and the separation seismic data.
S302: and calculating the root mean square of the time domain amplitude residual errors according to the time domain amplitude residual errors.
In practical applications, there are the following methods for implementing steps S301 to S302.
First one
S401: and subtracting the corresponding separation seismic data from all the actual seismic data to obtain a time domain amplitude residual error.
S402: and calculating the root mean square of the time domain amplitude residual errors according to all the time domain amplitude residual errors.
The steps determined by the first method are used without classifying and sorting the time domain seismic data and the separation seismic data.
Second kind
S501: and sorting the actual seismic data to obtain the actual amplitude data of each shot gather.
S502: and sorting and separating the seismic data to obtain the aliasing separated amplitude data of each shot gather.
S503: and generating an amplitude residual error of each shot point gather according to the actual set amplitude data and the aliasing separated amplitude data of each shot point gather.
The foregoing steps S501 and 502 are to extract the actual seismic data and the separated seismic data into shot gathers. Subsequently, step S503 generates per-shot gather amplitude residuals on the basis of shot gathers. All shot gather amplitude residuals constitute the aforementioned time domain amplitude residuals.
S504: and calculating the root mean square of the residual errors corresponding to each shot point gather according to the amplitude residual errors of each shot point gather.
S505: and calculating the time domain amplitude residual error root mean square according to the residual error root mean square corresponding to all shot point gather.
Step S504 calculates the amplitude residual of each shot gather, and obtains the corresponding residual root mean square, and step S505 averages the residual root mean square corresponding to each shot to obtain the time domain amplitude residual root mean square.
Third kind
S601: and sorting the actual seismic data to obtain the actual amplitude data of each demodulator probe gather.
S602: and sorting and separating the seismic data to obtain the amplitude data after aliasing separation of each wave detection point gather.
S603: and generating an amplitude residual error of each detection point gather according to the actual amplitude data of each detection point gather and the amplitude data after aliasing separation.
The foregoing steps S601 and S602 are to sort the actual seismic data and the separation seismic data by the geophone point. Subsequently, an amplitude residual is generated for each of the sets of detector points based on the sets of detector points. All the detection point gather amplitude residuals constitute the aforementioned time domain amplitude residuals.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating amplitude residual error comparison of a gather of demodulator probes according to an embodiment. In fig. 3, from left to right, there are an actual demodulator probe gather amplitude data, aliased seismic amplitude data, demodulator probe gather aliased split amplitude data, and demodulator probe gather amplitude residual. Wherein the amplitude residual error of the demodulator probe gather represents the difference between the amplitude data of the actual demodulator probe gather and the amplitude data of the separated demodulator probe gather. The case of the amplitude residual of the gather of demodulator probes can be seen in fig. 3.
S604: and calculating the root mean square of the residual error corresponding to each detection point gather according to the amplitude residual error of each detection point gather.
S605: and calculating the time domain amplitude residual error root mean square according to the residual error root mean square corresponding to all the wave detection point gather.
Step S604 calculates the amplitude residual of each receiver gather to obtain the corresponding residual root mean square, and step S605 averages the residual root mean square corresponding to each receiver to obtain the time domain amplitude residual root mean square.
The root mean square of the final time domain amplitude residuals obtained by the three methods may be different. However, the difference between the actual seismic data and the separated seismic data can be reflected by small difference between the actual seismic data and the separated seismic data.
It has been mentioned above that in embodiments of the present application, the evaluation data may comprise a time domain amplitude signal-to-noise ratio. Specifically, the method for generating a time domain amplitude signal-to-noise ratio from actual seismic data and isolated seismic data includes steps S701 and S702.
S701: and calculating the actual amplitude root mean square according to the actual seismic data.
Three methods for calculating the root mean square of the actual amplitude according to the actual seismic data respectively correspond to the method for calculating the root mean square of the time domain amplitude residual (subtraction of the actual seismic data and the separated seismic data is not needed, the step of obtaining the residual is required, and only the root mean square of the residual needs to be calculated).
S702: and calculating the signal-to-noise ratio of the time domain amplitude according to the actual amplitude root-mean-square and the time domain amplitude residual error root-mean-square.
And calculating a time domain amplitude signal-to-noise ratio according to the actual amplitude root-mean-square and the time domain amplitude residual root-mean-square, dividing the actual amplitude root-mean-square and the time domain amplitude residual root-mean-square, and taking the result as the time domain amplitude signal-to-noise ratio.
It should be noted that, in order to ensure the logical rigor of the calculation method, it is preferable that the method of calculating the root mean square of the actual amplitude and the method of calculating the root mean square of the residual error of the time domain amplitude should correspond.
As previously described, the evaluation data may include spectral residuals and spectral residuals. The method of calculating the spectral residuals and the root mean square of the spectral residuals comprises steps S801-S804.
S801: and converting all the actual seismic data from time domain to frequency domain to obtain actual frequency spectrum data.
S802: and performing time domain to frequency domain conversion on all the separated seismic data to obtain separated frequency spectrum data.
S803: and calculating a spectrum residual according to the actual spectrum data and the separated spectrum data.
S804: and calculating the root mean square of the spectrum residuals according to all the spectrum residuals.
Steps S801 and S802 may be implemented by using various fourier transform methods, and details of this description are not repeated.
Step S803, calculating the spectrum residual is to subtract the actual spectrum data and the separated spectrum data in each seismic data according to the corresponding frequency to obtain the spectrum residual. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spectral data comparison, which reflects the case of actual spectral data and separated spectral data corresponding to a shot point or a demodulator probe. As can be seen from fig. 4, the spectrum of the signal is very consistent with the actual spectrum data and the separated spectrum data in the frequency range of 3-110Hz, and a large difference occurs only in the region where the frequency is less than 3Hz and greater than 110 Hz.
In step S804, the root mean square of the residuals is calculated according to all the spectrum residuals.
In the embodiments described above, the method for determining the flutter time interval is for a ship operating in a work area. In other embodiments, multiple work vessels may be required to work simultaneously within a work area. In this case, the inter-ship distance of different ships will affect the fidelity of the separation of the simulated aliased data into separated seismic data, and also affect the selection of the tremor time interval.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for determining job parameters according to an embodiment. In the embodiment corresponding to fig. 5, the number of ships operating in the operation area is plural; in the embodiment, the operation parameters required to simultaneously determine the operation requirements comprise the flutter time interval and the set interval between ships. As shown in fig. 5, the method for determining job parameters provided by the embodiment of the present application includes steps S901 to S910.
S901: and setting the operation partitions of the ships according to the set minimum synchronous excitation interval and the number of the ships.
In the present embodiment, the work block is divided into work partitions matching the number of ships in consideration of the number of ships, and the sizes of the work partitions are set according to the work rate of each ship (considering whether it is a single-source ship or a dual-source ship). The distance between the synchronous excitation ships of each ship is larger than or equal to the set minimum synchronous excitation interval, and the excitation time interval of each ship is kept smaller than the recording time length.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of partitioning a job partition. As shown in fig. 6, operations are planned to be performed by two dual-source vessels and two single-source vessels within the operation block. Therefore, the work block needs to be divided into four work partitions according to the work capacity and the running speed of the double-source ship and the single-source ship. And the distance between the synchronous excitation ships is larger than or equal to the set minimum synchronous excitation distance.
Fig. 7 is a diagram of a travel path of the ship set according to the work division situation. The vessels follow the pattern of the trajectories shown in figure 6 to ensure that each vessel follows a preferred route through all of the shots in the work block.
S902: and determining the initial correction time corresponding to the operation partition according to the operation partition.
In this embodiment, the actual seismic data generated by an operation of an operation vessel in an operation block is used as the original data, and the simulation excitation time of each shot point is determined by using the time point when the operation vessel travels to each shot point in the operation block, so that the initial correction time corresponding to each operation partition needs to be determined according to the operation time of the actual operation vessel in each operation partition.
S903: and adjusting the actual excitation time of each shot point in the corresponding operation partition by using the initial correction time to obtain the simulated excitation time of the seismic source at the shot point in the corresponding operation partition.
Steps S902 and S903 are for moving the actual firing time of the ship at the shot point of each work division into the same time zone as much as possible.
In other embodiments, S902 and S903 may not be performed if the simulated firing times for the respective shots are not determined using the operating times of the vessels within the operational block that generated the actual seismic data.
S904: and calculating the actual interval time according to the excitation time points of the ship passing through two continuous shot points aiming at each operation subarea.
In order to ensure that aliasing-free seismic data is generated, in practice, the actual interval between the firing of the seismic source at two consecutive shots is typically longer than the recording length. And the preset excitation interval time corresponding to two shot points continuously passed by the seismic source is less than the recording time length. In order to obtain the preset excitation time according to the actual operation condition, the actual interval time of the excitation of the two shot points is firstly calculated.
S905: and correcting the actual interval time by using the correction coefficient to obtain the corrected interval time.
In step S905, 0< correction coefficient <1, so that the correction interval time is smaller than the recording time length. As previously mentioned, where the correction interval time is less than the length of the recording time, it is for most shot intervals; in some cases, such as in the case of a ship turning around, the correction interval time of two consecutive passing shots may be longer than the recording length.
S906: and accumulating the preset interval time corresponding to each shot point of the seismic source according to the sequence of the seismic source passing through each shot point aiming at each operation subarea to obtain the preset excitation time corresponding to each shot point of the ship.
S907: and correcting the preset excitation time by using the randomly selected flutter time within the range of the flutter time interval to obtain the simulated excitation time of the ship passing through each shot point.
The steps S902 to S903 adopt a correction method to adjust the excitation time corresponding to the shot in each operation partition, and the steps S904 to S906 adopt a compression method to determine the simulated excitation time of each shot on the basis of the correction method. In other embodiments, the aforementioned correction method and compression method may be replaced, that is, the compression method of steps S904-S906 is completed first, and then the compression method of steps S902-S903 is executed.
S908: and enabling each wave detection point on the receiving line to respond to the non-aliasing seismic data generated by the corresponding shot point at the simulated excitation time, and aliasing the non-aliasing seismic data generated by responding to other shot points to form simulated aliasing data.
S909: evaluation data is generated from the actual seismic data and the separated seismic data resulting from processing the simulated aliased data.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating comparison of shot gather amplitude residuals according to an embodiment. In fig. 8, from the right, the actual amplitude data of a shot gather, the aliased seismic amplitude data, the aliased post-shot gather amplitude data, and the shot gather amplitude residual are respectively. The shot gather amplitude residual error reflects the difference value of the actual shot gather amplitude data and the separated shot gather amplitude data; aliased seismic data may show the case where sources in different vessels are fired simultaneously.
S910: and determining the flutter time interval and the distance between ships meeting the operation requirements according to the evaluation data.
The specific implementation method of the foregoing steps S908-S910 is the same as that of the foregoing embodiment. Specific reference may be made to the foregoing description, which is not repeated here.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiments of the present application further provide an apparatus for determining a chattering time, which can be used to implement the methods described in the above embodiments, such as the following embodiments. Since the principle of solving the problem of the device for determining the flutter time is similar to that of the method, the implementation of the device for determining the flutter time can be referred to the implementation of the method, and repeated details are omitted. As used hereinafter, the term "unit" or "module" may be a combination of software and/or hardware that implements a predetermined function. While the system described in the embodiments below is preferably implemented in software, implementations in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware are also possible and contemplated.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for determining a flutter time according to an embodiment. As shown in fig. 9, the aforementioned apparatus includes a time adjustment unit 11, a data aliasing unit 12, an evaluation data generation unit 13, and a determination unit 14.
The time adjusting unit 11 is configured to correct the corresponding preset excitation time by using the random dithering time selected in the dithering time interval for each shot point, so as to obtain a corresponding simulated excitation time; and the preset interval time between the preset excitation time corresponding to two shot points continuously passed by the seismic source is less than the recording time length.
The data aliasing unit 12 is configured to alias aliasing-free seismic data generated by each demodulator probe on the receiving line in response to the corresponding shot at the simulated excitation time with aliasing-free seismic data generated in response to other shots, so as to form simulated aliasing data.
The evaluation data generation unit 13 is configured to generate evaluation data from the actual seismic data and the separated seismic data obtained by processing the simulated aliasing data; the aforementioned evaluation data includes at least one of: time domain amplitude residual, time domain amplitude residual root mean square, time domain amplitude signal to noise ratio, spectrum residual root mean square.
The determination unit 14 is configured to determine a chattering time interval that satisfies the job requirement based on the evaluation data.
According to the device for determining the chattering time interval, simulated aliasing data are obtained through computer simulation, and compared with a method for testing actual operation, the method for determining the chattering time interval can reduce the actual operation amount; the cost of generating data through computer simulation is far less than the actual operation cost, so the method can also greatly reduce the test cost.
In one embodiment, when the preset firing time is determined according to the actual firing time of each shot within the operation block, the apparatus may further include an obtaining unit 15 for obtaining the preset firing time. Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the acquisition unit 15, and as shown in fig. 10, the acquisition unit 15 includes an interval time calculation module 151, a correction module 152, and a time acquisition module 153.
The interval time calculation module 151 is configured to calculate an actual interval time according to actual excitation times of the seismic source at two shot points that pass consecutively; the aforementioned actual interval time is longer than the recording time length.
The correction module 152 is configured to correct the actual interval time by using the correction factor to obtain a preset interval time.
The time obtaining module 153 is configured to accumulate the preset interval time corresponding to each shot point of the seismic source according to the sequence of the seismic source passing through each shot point, and obtain the preset excitation time corresponding to each shot point respectively.
The acquisition unit 15 is arranged in the device for determining the flutter time interval, so that various data in the test process simulation comprise influences of hydrological characteristics and ship dynamic characteristics in the simulated marine exploration operation on production operation, practical operation is simulated as far as possible, and the flutter time for exciting randomness is increased.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the evaluation data unit. As shown in fig. 11, in the case where the evaluation data includes a time domain amplitude residual and/or a time domain amplitude residual root mean square, the evaluation data generating unit 13 may include a time domain amplitude residual calculating module 131 and a root mean square calculating module 132. The time domain amplitude residual calculation module 131 is configured to calculate a time domain amplitude residual according to all of the actual seismic data and the separated seismic data. The root mean square calculation module 132 is configured to calculate a root mean square of the time domain amplitude residual according to the time domain amplitude residual.
With continued reference to fig. 11, in the case that the evaluation data includes a time-domain amplitude signal-to-noise ratio, the evaluation data generating unit 13 may further include a signal-to-noise ratio calculating module 133. The mean square error calculation module 132 is further configured to calculate an actual amplitude root mean square from the actual seismic data; the signal-to-noise ratio calculating module 133 is configured to calculate a time-domain amplitude signal-to-noise ratio according to the actual amplitude root-mean-square and the time-domain amplitude residual root-mean-square.
With continued reference to fig. 11, in the case that the evaluation data includes a spectrum residual and/or a spectrum residual root-mean-square, the evaluation data generating unit 13 may further include a time-frequency converting module 134 and a frequency domain residual calculating module 135. The time-frequency conversion module 134 is configured to perform time-domain to frequency-domain conversion on all actual seismic data to obtain actual spectrum data, and perform time-domain to frequency-domain conversion on all separated seismic data to obtain separated spectrum data; the frequency domain residual error calculation module 135 is configured to calculate a frequency spectrum residual error according to the actual frequency spectrum data and the separated frequency spectrum data; the root mean square calculation module 132 is further configured to calculate a spectrum residual root mean square from all spectrum residuals.
In addition to providing the foregoing method and apparatus, the present implementation also provides an electronic device implementing the foregoing method, and a storage medium storing a program implementing the foregoing method.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment. As shown in fig. 12, the electronic device includes a processor 21 and a memory 22, and the memory 22 and the processor 21 are electrically connected.
In practice, the memory 22 may be a solid state memory such as a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a SIM card, or the like. There may also be a memory that holds information even when power is off, can be selectively erased, and is provided with more data, an example of which is sometimes called an EPROM or the like. The memory may also be other memory known in the art of computer devices.
In one application, processor 21 may load a program stored in memory 22 or other device coupled to the electronic device to implement the aforementioned method for determining tremor times.
Referring to fig. 12, the electronic device provided in this embodiment further includes an input unit 23 and an output unit 24 in addition to the processor 21 and the memory 22.
The input section 23 is used to acquire actual seismic data, actual source firing time, and other parameters of the simulation operation set by the user (e.g., the number of vessels, the operating efficiency of the vessels, the travel path of the vessels, the position coordinates of the shot).
The output component 24 is used to output the evaluation data, the determined tremor times and other parameters that assist the user in selecting tremor times.
Furthermore, the electronic device should also comprise a power supply 25; a communication module 26 may also be included to enable contact with other electronic devices, as may be the case.
Embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, which when executed by a processor, implements all the steps of the method of determining a tremor time of the above embodiments, and can achieve the aforementioned effects when executing the above method.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, apparatus, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (devices), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific embodiments in the invention, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. A method of determining a dithered time interval, comprising:
for each shot point, correcting the corresponding preset excitation time by using random chatter time selected in a chatter time interval to obtain corresponding simulated excitation time; the preset interval time between the preset excitation times corresponding to two shot points continuously passed by the seismic source is less than the recording time length;
enabling each wave detection point on the receiving line to respond to the non-aliasing seismic data generated by the corresponding shot point at the simulated excitation time, and aliasing the non-aliasing seismic data generated by responding to other shot points to form simulated aliasing data;
generating evaluation data from the actual seismic data and the separated seismic data obtained by processing the simulated aliasing data;
and determining a chattering time interval meeting the operation requirement according to the evaluation data.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the preset firing time for each shot is obtained by:
calculating actual interval time according to actual excitation time of two shot points continuously passed by the seismic source; the actual interval time is greater than the recording time length;
correcting the actual interval time by using a correction coefficient to obtain the preset interval time;
and accumulating the preset interval time corresponding to each shot point of the seismic source according to the sequence of the seismic source passing through each shot point, and respectively obtaining the preset excitation time corresponding to each shot point.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation data comprises a time domain amplitude residual and/or a time domain amplitude residual root mean square;
generating evaluation data from the actual seismic data and the separated seismic data resulting from processing the simulated aliased data, comprising:
calculating the time domain amplitude residual according to all the actual seismic data and the separation seismic data;
and calculating the root mean square of the time domain amplitude residual errors according to the time domain amplitude residual errors.
4. The method of claim 3,
calculating the time domain amplitude residual from all of the actual seismic data and the isolated seismic data, including:
sorting the actual seismic data to obtain actual amplitude data of each shot gather;
sorting the separated seismic data to obtain aliased and separated amplitude data of each shot gather;
generating an amplitude residual error of each shot point gather according to the actual amplitude data and the aliasing-separated amplitude data of each shot point gather; the amplitude residual errors of all shot point gather form the time domain amplitude residual error;
calculating a time domain amplitude residual root mean square according to the time domain amplitude residual, comprising:
calculating a residual error root mean square corresponding to each shot point gather according to the amplitude residual error of each shot point gather;
and calculating the time domain amplitude residual error root mean square according to the residual error root mean square corresponding to all shot point gather.
5. The method of claim 3,
calculating a time domain amplitude residual according to the actual seismic data and the separated seismic data, comprising:
sorting the actual seismic data to obtain actual amplitude data of each demodulator probe gather;
sorting the actual seismic data to obtain the amplitude data of each demodulator probe gather after aliasing separation;
generating an amplitude residual error of each detection point gather according to the actual amplitude data and the amplitude data after aliasing separation of each detection point gather; all the amplitude residuals of the channel sets of the detection points form the time domain amplitude residuals;
calculating a time domain amplitude residual root mean square according to the time domain amplitude residual, comprising:
calculating a residual error root mean square corresponding to each detection point gather according to the amplitude residual error of each detection point gather;
and calculating the time domain amplitude residual error root mean square according to the residual error root mean square corresponding to all the wave detection point gather.
6. The method of any of claims 3-5, wherein the evaluation data comprises a time domain amplitude signal-to-noise ratio; generating evaluation data from the actual seismic data and the separated seismic data resulting from processing the simulated aliased data, further comprising:
calculating an actual amplitude root mean square according to the actual seismic data;
and calculating the signal-to-noise ratio of the time domain amplitude according to the actual amplitude root-mean-square and the time domain amplitude residual error root-mean-square.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the evaluation data comprises spectral residuals and/or spectral residuals root mean square;
generating evaluation data from the actual seismic data and the separated seismic data resulting from processing the simulated aliased data, further comprising:
performing time-frequency transformation on all the actual seismic data to obtain actual frequency spectrum data;
performing time-frequency transformation on all the separated seismic data to obtain separated frequency spectrum data;
calculating a spectrum residual according to the actual spectrum data and the separated spectrum data;
and calculating the root mean square of the spectrum residual according to all the spectrum residual.
8. An apparatus for determining a dithered time interval, comprising:
the time adjusting unit is used for correcting the corresponding preset excitation time by using random flutter time selected in the flutter time interval for each shot point to obtain corresponding simulation excitation time; the preset interval time between the preset excitation times corresponding to two shot points continuously passed by the seismic source is less than the recording time length;
the data aliasing unit is used for enabling each detection point on the receiving line to respond to the non-aliasing seismic data generated by the corresponding shot point at the simulated excitation time and aliasing the non-aliasing seismic data generated by responding to other shot points to form simulated aliasing data;
an evaluation data generation unit for generating evaluation data from the actual seismic data and the separated seismic data obtained by processing the simulated aliasing data;
and the determining unit is used for determining a chattering time interval meeting the work requirement according to the evaluation data.
9. The apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising an acquisition unit for acquiring a preset excitation time; the acquisition unit includes:
the interval time calculation module is used for calculating the actual interval time according to the actual excitation time of two shot points continuously passed by the seismic source; the actual interval time is greater than the recording time length;
the correction module is used for correcting the actual interval time by adopting a correction coefficient to obtain the preset interval time;
and the time acquisition module is used for accumulating the preset interval time corresponding to each shot point of the seismic source according to the sequence of the seismic source passing through each shot point to respectively obtain the preset excitation time corresponding to each shot point.
10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the evaluation data comprises a time domain amplitude residual and/or a time domain amplitude residual root mean square; the evaluation data generation unit includes:
a time domain amplitude residual calculation module for calculating the time domain amplitude residual according to all the actual seismic data and the separation seismic data;
and the root mean square calculation module is used for calculating the root mean square of the time domain amplitude residual errors according to the time domain amplitude residual errors.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the evaluation data comprises a time domain amplitude signal-to-noise ratio;
the root-mean-square calculation module is also used for calculating the actual amplitude root-mean-square according to the actual seismic data;
the evaluation data generation unit further includes: and the signal-to-noise ratio calculation module is used for calculating the time domain amplitude signal-to-noise ratio according to the actual amplitude root-mean-square and the time domain amplitude residual root-mean-square.
12. The apparatus according to any of claims 8-11, wherein the evaluation data comprises spectral residuals and/or spectral residuals root mean square; the evaluation data generation unit includes:
the time-frequency conversion module is used for carrying out time domain to frequency domain conversion on all the actual seismic data to obtain actual frequency spectrum data and carrying out time domain to frequency domain conversion on all the separated seismic data to obtain separated frequency spectrum data;
a frequency domain residual error calculation module for calculating a frequency spectrum residual error according to the actual frequency spectrum data and the separated frequency spectrum data;
and the root-mean-square calculation module is used for calculating the root-mean-square of the spectrum residual errors according to all the spectrum residual errors.
13. A medium having stored thereon a plurality of instructions adapted to be loaded by a processor and to perform the method for determining a tremor time interval of any of claims 1-7.
14. An electronic device, characterized in that: comprising a memory and a processor;
the memory stores a plurality of instructions; the instructions are adapted to be loaded by the processor and to perform the method of determining a tremor time interval of any of claims 1-7.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112782769A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2021-05-11 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for determining earthquake efficient aliasing acquisition operation parameters |
| CN112782769B (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2024-04-30 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for determining efficient aliasing acquisition operation parameters of earthquake |
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