Large dynamic high-efficiency microwave rectification scheme based on non-magnetic non-reciprocal network
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave energy transmission, in particular to a high-efficiency rectifying circuit based on a non-magnetic non-reciprocal network.
Background
The microwave energy transmission technology is an important research direction in the technical field of new energy, point-to-point transmission of microwave energy from a transmitting end to a receiving end is realized through free space, the limitation of the traditional energy transmission by using cables is broken through, a new energy transmission method is developed, and infinite possibility is brought to the application of the future new energy technology. The method has increasingly increased application requirements in the fields of industry, science and technology and military, has wide application prospect and higher academic research value, and plays a great role in promoting the development of the economy and society.
The traditional impedance matching technology of the rectifying circuit can not solve the problem of return loss caused by impedance mismatch when large dynamic power is input, and the return loss is the main reason of reducing the efficiency of the whole microwave energy transmission system due to the waste of a large amount of energy. Meanwhile, if the reflected wave is transmitted back to the receiving end and radiated out through the receiving antenna, a serious secondary radiation problem is generated. In recent years, by loading an isolator such as a circulator in a circuit structure, microwave energy is transmitted in a single direction, and reflected waves are rectified secondarily, so that the problem of return loss can be effectively solved, and the utilization rate of the microwave energy and the rectification efficiency of a rectification circuit can be improved.
Hao Zhang et al published an article entitled "differential-fed charging design with an enhanced inductance for an ambient RF energy charging" on 2017IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (4-9June 2017), and realized the differential feeding of the circuit by using a ring coupler on the basic rectifying circuit structure, thereby suppressing the influence of common-mode signals and improving the rectifying efficiency by 5%. An article entitled "Symbol-Splitting-Based multiple Wireless Information and Power Transfer System for WPAN Applications" is published by Zhenzhen Jiang et al in IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters (vol.30, No.7, pp.713-716, July.2020), which uses a ring coupler to achieve isolation of signals at different output ports in a portable communication System, and to achieve functions of rectification and communication data recovery of the circuit, respectively. An article entitled "Design of an effective-enhanced semiconductor amplification in the GSM 1800band by using a rate-source coupler for RF generating rectifying applications" is published by Gozel MA et al in Int J RF micro computer aid Eng (vol.29, No.1, pp.1-8, January.2019), and the ring coupler is used for realizing differential feeding of the circuit, suppressing common-mode signals and improving the rectifying efficiency of the circuit. Although the ring coupler can realize differential feeding and suppress common-mode signals, compared with a circulator, the ring coupler cannot realize unidirectional transmission and reverse isolation of microwave energy. Therefore, the problems of return loss and secondary radiation of circuit impedance mismatch cannot be solved, and the rectification efficiency improvement effect is limited.
The major paper (pp.39-46.2015) published in china knowledge network by Jiangfen et al entitled "research on key technology of rectifying antenna in microwave energy transmission system" utilizes the one-way conduction characteristic of ferrite circulator to transmit the reflected wave generated by the impedance mismatch of the rectifying circuit and the higher harmonic generated by the nonlinear characteristic of the diode to the next stage of rectifying circuit, so as to improve the utilization rate of energy, and the conversion efficiency of the rectifying circuit is improved by 9% -11% under different input powers. However, the non-reciprocal property of the circulator is realized by utilizing the ferrite which is an anisotropic magnetic material, and the working bandwidth is very narrow due to the frequency dependence of the ferrite. Meanwhile, the volume and weight of the circuit are increased due to the introduction of the ferromagnetic material, and the ferromagnetic material is difficult to integrate with the existing integrated circuit process, which is not favorable for the miniaturization, light weight and integrated design of the microwave energy transmission system, so that the ferromagnetic material cannot be well applied to the microwave energy transmission system.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art scheme, the invention provides a high-efficiency rectification circuit based on a non-magnetic non-reciprocal network, which utilizes a method for modulating an input signal in time and space by using a time domain signal and designs a corresponding space-time modulation algorithm to realize the high-efficiency rectification circuit scheme based on the non-magnetic non-reciprocal network.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
the microwave energy receiving end is connected with a planar non-magnetic non-reciprocal network unit, the network is a multi-port device structure, electromagnetic waves can only circulate along a single direction for transmission, and the isolation degree is higher in the reverse direction. As shown in fig. 1, a 3-port non-reciprocal transmission network unit includes a delay line with a certain delay delta and several switches. At each end of the port, a switch is connected with a delay line, and the turn-off of the switch is controlled by designing certain sequential logic to realize the space-time modulation of signals. The switching sequence control function C (t, m, n) proposed by the formula (1) for realizing the nonreciprocal characteristic of the microwave network is as follows:
where C (·) is a switch control timing sequence, t represents time, m is the number of ports, N is the number of delay units, H [ · ] is a unit step function, and j ═ mod (m +2N-2,2N) is a judgment function. When the switch is controlled by the timing sequence (as shown in fig. 2) represented by the formula (1), the signal input from the port (r) is separated in 2 transmission lines by the time domain, passes through the delay line with the time delay delta, is transmitted to the other end, and is received by the port (ii). Similarly, the signal transmitted from the port (c) is transmitted to the port (c) instead of the port (c), so that the time reversal symmetry is broken, and the non-reciprocal property is achieved. Meanwhile, different levels can be designed according to different circuit requirements, the expansion of multiple ports of the non-magnetic non-reciprocal network unit is realized, and the next non-magnetic non-reciprocal network unit is accessed to the port III.
The traditional impedance matching technology used by the rectifying circuit can not solve the problem of return loss caused by impedance mismatch when large dynamic power is input. Meanwhile, the return loss is a main reason for causing a large amount of energy waste and reducing the efficiency of the microwave energy transmission system, and meanwhile, if the reflected wave is transmitted back to the receiving end and radiated out through the receiving antenna, a serious secondary radiation problem is generated. The invention realizes the one-way transmission characteristic of electromagnetic waves according to the working principle of the non-magnetic non-reciprocal network, and proposes that the non-magnetic non-reciprocal network is used in a rectifying circuit for the first time. The non-magnetic non-reciprocal network provided by the invention can realize the one-way transmission of electromagnetic waves, has higher isolation in the reverse direction, can effectively solve the problem of return loss, and recovers the reflected waves to the rectifying circuit connected with the lower port of the non-magnetic non-reciprocal network for secondary rectification, thereby improving the rectification efficiency of the rectifying circuit.
The non-magnetic non-reciprocal network provided by the invention has strong applicability and generalizability. The circulator made of magnetic materials such as ferrite has very narrow working bandwidth due to the frequency dependence, and meanwhile, the volume and the weight of the rectifying circuit are increased due to the introduction of the ferromagnetic materials, and the circulator is difficult to integrate with the existing integrated circuit process, thereby being not beneficial to the miniaturization, the light weight and the integrated design of a microwave energy transmission system. The non-magnetic non-reciprocal network provided by the invention can be integrally designed by using the same material as the designed rectifying circuit, the adopted circuit process can be compatible with the traditional integrated circuit, is not limited by the material types, can effectively reduce the volume weight and the application cost, has higher design freedom degree and application expansibility, can be better applied and popularized to the research of microwave circuits, and is convenient for the miniaturization, the light weight and the integrated design of a microwave energy transmission system.
Drawings
In order to make the object, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the invention more clear, the invention provides the following drawings for explanation:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-port non-magnetic non-reciprocal network structure based on time reversal asymmetry in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of signal distribution corresponding to the switching timing sequence of the three-port non-magnetic non-reciprocal network space-time modulation algorithm in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a high-efficiency rectification circuit scheme based on a three-port non-magnetic non-reciprocal network in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a high-efficiency rectifier circuit based on a three-port non-magnetic non-reciprocal network in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a non-magnetic non-reciprocal network topology based on arbitrary 2N port expansion in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of signal distribution corresponding to the switch timing sequence of the non-magnetic non-reciprocal network space-time modulation algorithm based on arbitrary 2N port expansion in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage expansion of a high-efficiency rectification circuit scheme of a non-magnetic non-reciprocal network based on arbitrary 2N port expansion in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a multistage expansion of a high-efficiency rectifier circuit based on a non-magnetic non-reciprocal network with arbitrary 2N port expansion in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a power amplifier tube high-power rectification circuit of a non-magnetic non-reciprocal network based on arbitrary 2N port expansion in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiment 1 of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and the scope of the present invention can be more clearly and clearly defined.
When the switch is controlled by using the time sequence shown in fig. 2, a microwave signal input from a port (i) of the asymmetric three-port non-magnetic non-reciprocal network based on time reversal in fig. 1 is separated in 2 transmission lines by a time domain, is transmitted to the other end after passing through a delay line with time delay delta, is received by a port (ii), and is transmitted to a first-stage rectifying circuit accessed by the port (ii) for rectification. The signal reflected from the port II is transmitted to the port III, but not the port I, the time reversal symmetry of the network is broken, and the network has the nonreciprocal characteristic. And the port (c) is connected with a second-stage rectification circuit, and secondary rectification is performed on the recovered reflected wave energy, so that the problem of return loss is solved, and the rectification efficiency of the circuit is improved.
This embodiment is shown in fig. 3, which is a simple high efficiency rectifier circuit composed of a three-port non-magnetic non-reciprocal network unit, a rectifier, a pass-through filter and a dc load. Meanwhile, as shown in fig. 4, the high-efficiency rectification circuit based on the non-magnetic non-reciprocal network provided by the invention adopts a design scheme based on a time reversal asymmetric three-port non-magnetic non-reciprocal network unit, two blocking capacitors, four rectifier diodes, two straight-through filters composed of 1/4 wavelength microstrip lines and parallel capacitors and a direct-current load.
Microwave signals are input from a port I and then are separated in 2 transmission lines by time domain, the microwave signals are transmitted to the other end of the delay line after passing through the delay line with time delay delta and are received by the port II, and microwave energy is transmitted to a first-stage rectifying circuit connected to the port II to be rectified. The first stage rectification circuit comprises a blocking capacitor (301), voltage-multiplying rectification diodes (302) and (303) and a through filter (202), and comprises an 1/4 wavelength microstrip line (304) and a parallel capacitor (305), and the direct current power converted by the rectification circuit is transmitted to a direct current load (4). The electromagnetic wave reflected by the circuit is recovered to the port and is rectified by the second-stage rectification circuit accessed according to the characteristics of unidirectional transmission and high isolation of the non-magnetic non-reciprocal network. The second stage rectification circuit comprises a blocking capacitor (306), voltage-multiplying rectification diodes (307) and (308), a through filter (204), an 1/4 wavelength microstrip line (309) and a parallel capacitor (310), and direct current power converted by the rectification circuit is transmitted to a direct current load (4) to fully utilize reflected electromagnetic waves.
The above embodiment 1 is only to illustrate the core idea of the present invention, and the number of ports of the non-magnetic non-reciprocal network unit and the number of stages used by the rectifier circuit can be expanded to adjust the number and structure of the rectifier diodes and filters according to the specific circuit working and testing environment and the requirements for circuit integration, large dynamic power input and multi-functional application expansion in the implementation process, as shown in fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8 (N is greater than or equal to 2).
In the microwave circuit, the power capacity of the diode is small, and the diode is suitable for low-power rectification. In practical application expansion, in order to realize high-power rectification, the diode of the rectifier in the embodiment 1 can be replaced by a power amplifier tube. As shown in fig. 9, which is a schematic diagram of a circuit scheme for implementing high-power rectification of a power amplifier tube in embodiment 2, a voltage-multiplying parallel diode (302) and a voltage-multiplying series diode (303) are replaced by the power amplifier tube (302) and a reference voltage source (303). The power amplifier tube can realize the rectification of microwave power in reverse use through the circuit topology of fig. 9 based on the time reversal dual theory.