CN112729766A - Undercurrent exchange test device capable of adjusting water supply mode and test method thereof - Google Patents
Undercurrent exchange test device capable of adjusting water supply mode and test method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112729766A CN112729766A CN202011565961.9A CN202011565961A CN112729766A CN 112729766 A CN112729766 A CN 112729766A CN 202011565961 A CN202011565961 A CN 202011565961A CN 112729766 A CN112729766 A CN 112729766A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a subsurface flow exchange test device capable of adjusting a water supply mode and a test method thereof, wherein the subsurface flow exchange test device comprises a main sand box, a third water tank communicated with the main sand box is arranged below the main sand box, a water filling port is formed in the top of the third water tank, a graduated scale is movably connected to the outer side wall of the third water tank, and the graduated scale extends to the main sand box; the first pore plate and the second filter screen are sequentially arranged in the main sand box from bottom to top, a first water tank and a second water tank are respectively fixed on two sides of the main sand box, barrels capable of moving up and down along the main sand box are respectively arranged in the first water tank and the second water tank, the barrels are respectively communicated with the main sand box through a first telescopic pipe and a second telescopic pipe, fourth valves are respectively arranged in the first telescopic pipe and the second telescopic pipe, a water adding pipe is arranged at the top of the first water tank, and a third water discharging pipe is arranged at the bottom of the second water tank. The constant water head water supply can be realized, the constant flow water supply can also be realized through the water pump, and different water supply modes can meet different test requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering test equipment, relates to an undercurrent exchange test device capable of adjusting a water supply mode, and further relates to an experiment method of the test device.
Background
In water circulation, surface water and underground water are closely related on a plurality of space-time scales, and research on the interaction of the surface water and the underground water has been secretly turned into a research hotspot in related fields such as hydrology, water resources, biogeochemistry and the like. Subsurface exchange refers to the process of surface and ground water exchange that occurs within the subsurface zone, and generally refers to the exchange of water, solutes (conservative, reactive), particles, and colloids that occurs between the surface water and the saturated sediment layer.
At present, methods for researching the submerged flow exchange process mode of riverbeds and riparian zones are mostly realized by adopting indoor tests. According to domestic and foreign documents, a test model for researching subsurface flow exchange is often single in water supply mode, only water flow movement can be driven by adjusting upstream and downstream constant water head devices, or only water pumps can be used for driving, and in the test process, sediments in soil in different areas have anisotropy, solute distribution has non-uniformity, so that in the test process, the error is large, and the process of subsurface flow exchange of surface water and underground water cannot be accurately simulated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an underflow exchange test device capable of adjusting a water supply mode, and solves the problem that a test model of underflow exchange in the prior art is single in water supply mode.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the undercurrent exchange test device capable of adjusting the water supply mode comprises a main sand box, wherein a third water tank communicated with the main sand box is arranged below the main sand box, a water filling port is formed in the top of the third water tank, a graduated scale is movably connected to the outer side wall of the third water tank, and the graduated scale extends to the main sand box; the first pore plate and the second filter screen are sequentially arranged in the main sand box from bottom to top, a first water tank and a second water tank are respectively fixed on two sides of the main sand box, barrels capable of moving up and down along the main sand box are respectively arranged in the first water tank and the second water tank, the barrels are respectively communicated with the main sand box through a first telescopic pipe and a second telescopic pipe, fourth valves are respectively arranged in the first telescopic pipe and the second telescopic pipe, a water adding pipe is arranged at the top of the first water tank, and a third water discharging pipe is arranged at the bottom of the second water tank.
The invention is also characterized in that:
a plurality of second pore plates are sequentially arranged along the transverse direction of the main sand box, first filter screens are fixed on two sides of each second pore plate, and one ends of the second pore plates penetrate through the second filter screens to be connected with the first pore plates.
The graduated scale is movably connected with the third water tank through a connecting piece.
The connecting piece includes diaphragm, first threaded rod, and the diaphragm both ends are provided with the baffle, and two diaphragms are passed to first threaded rod, have cup jointed the screw thread piece on the first threaded rod, and scale one end is fixed with the screw thread piece.
A plurality of sliders are sleeved on the graduated scale, and each slider is fixed with the graduated scale through a fastener.
The first water tank and the second water tank are respectively fixed on the main sand box through fixing blocks, each barrel is connected to the main sand box through a connecting rod in a sliding mode, the first water tank and the second water tank further comprise second threaded rods, and the second threaded rods sequentially penetrate through the connecting rods and the connecting rods from bottom to top.
A cross rod is arranged in the barrel in the first water tank and connected with a conical cap through a vertical rod.
The main sand box is communicated with the third water tank through a first water inlet pipe; a fixing rod is fixed at the bottom of the main sand box, and a conical cover is connected at the bottom of the fixing rod; the conical cover is positioned at the outlet of the first water inlet pipe.
The invention also aims to provide a test method of the undercurrent exchange test device capable of adjusting the water supply mode.
The invention adopts another technical scheme that the test method of the undercurrent exchange test device with the adjustable water supply mode can be used for carrying out a constant head water supply test or a constant flow water supply test by adopting the undercurrent exchange test device, and the test method of the constant head water supply test comprises the following steps:
The test method of the constant flow water supply test comprises the following steps:
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the undercurrent exchange test device capable of adjusting the water supply mode, when a constant head is used for supplying water, the height of two cylinders is adjusted through the second threaded rod, the connecting rod, the sliding block and the sliding groove, namely the height of the water head is adjusted; when a water pump is used for supplying water at a fixed flow rate, the water level in the main sand box is lowered to different heights in different soils; through the matching of the graduated scale and the sliding block, the water levels in different areas can be measured and recorded at the same time; the testing method of the undercurrent exchange testing device with the adjustable water supply mode can realize water supply with a fixed water head and water supply with a fixed flow rate through a water pump, different water supply modes can meet different testing requirements, in the testing process, soil qualities of different regions can be tested and analyzed simultaneously, the same soil quality can also be tested simultaneously, and an average value is taken for analysis, so that errors in the testing process are effectively reduced, and the process of undercurrent exchange between surface water and underground water can be accurately simulated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an undercurrent exchange test device with an adjustable water supply mode according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of an adjustable water supply subsurface flow exchange test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of an undercurrent exchange test apparatus with an adjustable water supply system according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the main sand box comprises a main sand box body, 2, a first valve, 3, supporting legs, 4, a first drain pipe, 5, a baffle, 6, a second drain pipe, 7, a second valve, 8, a transverse plate, 9, a first threaded rod, 10, a third valve, 11, a first water inlet pipe, 12, a water filling port, 13, a threaded block, 14, a retainer ring, 15, a graduated scale, 16, a sliding block, 17, a fastener, 18, a conical cover, 19, a fixing rod, 20, a first orifice plate, 21, a second orifice plate, 22, a first filter screen, 23, a second filter screen, 24, a connecting rod, 25, a second threaded rod, 26, a fixing block, 27, a retainer ring, 28, a first water tank, 29, a cylinder body, 30, a connecting pipe, 31, a telescopic hose, 32, a second water inlet pipe, 33, a fourth valve, 34, a transverse rod, 35, a vertical rod, 36, a conical cap, 37, a water filling pipe, 38, a second water tank, 39, a third drain pipe, 41. the third water tank, 42, the chute, 43, the water guide pipe, 44, the water pump and 45, the ball bearings.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
A subsurface flow exchange test device capable of adjusting a water supply mode is shown in figures 1 and 2 and comprises a main sand box 1 and a third water tank 41, wherein the main sand box 1 is supported above the third water tank 41 through a support leg 3, the main sand box 1 is connected with the third water tank 41 through a first water inlet pipe 11, as shown in figure 3, a water pump 44 is arranged in the third water tank 41, the first water inlet pipe 11 is connected with the water pump 44, and a third valve 10 is arranged in the first water inlet pipe 11; the top of the third water tank 41 is provided with a water filling port 12, the outer side wall of the third water tank 41 is movably connected with a graduated scale 15, and the graduated scale 15 extends to the main sand box 1; a first pore plate 20 and a second filter screen 23 are sequentially arranged in the main sand box 1 from bottom to top, a first water tank 28 and a second water tank 38 are respectively fixed at two sides of the main sand box 1, a cylinder body 29 capable of moving up and down along the first water tank 28 and the second water tank 38 is respectively arranged in the first water tank 28 and the second water tank 38, the cylinder body 29 is respectively communicated with the main sand box 1 through a first telescopic pipe and a second telescopic pipe, a fourth valve 33 is respectively arranged in the first telescopic pipe and the second telescopic pipe, a water adding pipe 37 is arranged at the top of the first water tank 28, and a third water discharging pipe 39 is arranged at the bottom of the. A first drain pipe 4 is connected to the main sand box 1, a first valve 2 is arranged in the first drain pipe 4, a second drain pipe 6 is connected to the third water tank 41, and a second valve 7 is arranged in the second drain pipe 6.
A plurality of second pore plates 21 are sequentially arranged along the transverse direction of the master sand box 1, first filter screens 22 are fixed on two sides of each second pore plate 21, and one ends of the second pore plates 21 penetrate through the second filter screens 23 to be connected with the first pore plates 20. A plurality of areas are formed between the adjacent second pore plates 21 and the inner wall of the main sand box 1, and soil qualities of different areas can be added into different areas, so that experimental analysis of the soil qualities of different areas is realized; the same soil quality can be added into different areas, the same soil quality is tested at the same time, and the average value is taken for analysis, so that the error in the test process is effectively reduced, and the process of subsurface water and underground water undercurrent exchange can be accurately simulated.
The graduated scale 15 is movably connected with the third water tank 41 through a connecting piece. The connecting piece comprises a transverse plate 8 and a first threaded rod 9, baffle plates 5 are arranged at two ends of the transverse plate 8, retainer rings 14 are attached to two sides of each baffle plate 5, the first threaded rod 9 penetrates through the two transverse plates 8 and the retainer rings 14, a threaded block 13 is sleeved on the first threaded rod 9, and one end of a graduated scale 15 is fixed with the threaded block 13; the first threaded rod 9 is connected with a handle. The graduated scale 15 is sleeved with a plurality of sliders 16, each slider 16 is fixed with the graduated scale 15 through a fastener 17, the number of the sliders 16 is the same as the number of the areas, and the sliders 16 can simultaneously mark and measure water levels in different areas. A ball 45 is embedded in a side wall of each slider 16 adjacent to the third water tank 41. The first threaded rod 9 is rotated, the threaded block 13 drives the graduated scale 15 to move transversely, and water levels in different areas can be measured. The ball 45 contacts with the main sand box 1, so that the abrasion to the side surface of the main sand box 1 can be effectively avoided, and the read data error is ensured to be small.
The first water tank 28 and the second water tank 38 are respectively fixed on the main sand box 1 through the fixing blocks 26, each barrel 29 is slidably connected on the main sand box 1 through the connecting rod 24, the first water tank further comprises a second threaded rod 25, the second threaded rod 25 sequentially penetrates through the connecting rod 24 and the fixing blocks 26 from bottom to top, two retaining rings 27 are sleeved on the second threaded rod 25, and the two retaining rings 27 are respectively positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of the fixing blocks 26 to limit the second threaded rod 25. One end of the connecting rod 24 is fixed with a T-shaped sliding block 40, and a T-shaped sliding groove 42 matched with the sliding block 40 is arranged on the side wall of the main sand box 1. The connecting rod 24 moves up and down under the arrangement of the sliding block 40 and the sliding groove 42, at the moment, the sliding block 40 and the sliding groove 42 can effectively play a role in guiding, and further the connecting rod 24 drives the cylinder bodies 29 to move up and down synchronously, so that the heights of the two cylinder bodies 29 in the first water tank 28 and the second water tank 38 are adjusted, and the water head height of the upstream and downstream constant water head devices is also adjusted.
The first extension pipe and the second extension pipe respectively comprise a connecting pipe 30 and an extension hose 31 which are sequentially connected, the connecting pipe 30 is communicated with the cylinder 29, the extension hose 31 in the first extension pipe is connected with a second water inlet pipe 32, and the second water inlet pipe 32 is communicated with the main sand box 1; the flexible hose 31 in the second telescopic pipe is connected with a water conduit 43, and the water conduit 43 is communicated with the main sand box 1.
A cross bar 34 is arranged in the cylinder 29 in the first water tank 28, and the cross bar 34 is connected with a conical cap 36 through a vertical bar 35. The conical cap 36 can effectively prevent water from being directly added into the cylinder 29, so that the water level in the constant head is influenced.
The main sand box 1 is communicated with a third water tank 41 through a first water inlet pipe 11; a fixed rod 19 is fixed at the bottom of the main sand box 1, and a conical cover 18 is connected at the bottom of the fixed rod 19; a conical hood 18 is located at the outlet of the first inlet conduit 11. The conical shroud 18 is effective to protect the soil above the first aperture plate 20.
The test method of the undercurrent exchange test device capable of adjusting the water supply mode is characterized in that the undercurrent exchange test device can be used for carrying out a constant head water supply test or a constant flow water supply test, and the test method of the constant head water supply test comprises the following steps:
The test method of the constant flow water supply test comprises the following steps:
Through the mode, when the constant water head is used for supplying water, the height of the two cylinders is adjusted through the second threaded rod, the connecting rod, the sliding block and the sliding groove, namely the height of the water head is adjusted; when a water pump is used for supplying water, the water level in the main sand box is lowered to different heights in the soil; through the matching of the graduated scale and the sliding block, the water levels in different areas can be measured and recorded at the same time; the testing method of the undercurrent exchange testing device with the adjustable water supply mode can realize water supply with a fixed water head and water supply with a fixed flow rate through a water pump, different water supply modes can meet different testing requirements, in the testing process, soil qualities of different regions can be tested and analyzed simultaneously, the same soil quality can also be tested simultaneously, and an average value is taken for analysis, so that errors in the testing process are effectively reduced, and the process of undercurrent exchange between surface water and underground water can be accurately simulated.
Claims (10)
1. The undercurrent exchange test device capable of adjusting the water supply mode is characterized by comprising a main sand box (1), wherein a third water tank (41) communicated with the main sand box (1) is arranged below the main sand box (1), a water filling port (12) is formed in the top of the third water tank (41), a graduated scale (15) is movably connected to the outer side wall of the third water tank (41), and the graduated scale (15) extends to the main sand box (1); the sand box is characterized in that a first pore plate (20) and a second filter screen (23) are sequentially arranged in the main sand box (1) from bottom to top, a first water tank (28) and a second water tank (38) are respectively fixed on two sides of the main sand box (1), a cylinder body (29) capable of moving up and down along the first water tank (28) and the second water tank (38) is respectively arranged in the first water tank (28) and the second water tank (38), the cylinder body (29) is respectively communicated with the main sand box (1) through a first telescopic pipe and a second telescopic pipe, fourth valves (33) are respectively arranged in the first telescopic pipe and the second telescopic pipe, a water adding pipe (37) is arranged at the top of the first water tank (28), and a third water discharging pipe (.
2. The undercurrent exchange test device with the adjustable water supply mode according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of second pore plates (21) are sequentially arranged along the transverse direction of the master sand box (1), a first filter screen (22) is fixed on each of two sides of each second pore plate (21), and one end of each second pore plate (21) penetrates through a second filter screen (23) to be connected with the first pore plate (20).
3. The device for testing the undercurrent exchange of an adjustable water supply according to claim 1, wherein the graduated scale (15) is movably connected to the third tank (41) by means of a connecting member.
4. The undercurrent exchange test device of adjustable water supply mode of claim 3, characterized in that, the connecting piece includes diaphragm (8), first threaded rod (9), baffle (5) are provided with at diaphragm (8) both ends, first threaded rod (9) pass two diaphragm (8), the cover has screw thread piece (13) on first threaded rod (9), scale (15) one end is fixed with screw thread piece (13).
5. The undercurrent exchange test device of an adjustable water supply mode according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that a plurality of sliders (16) are sleeved on the graduated scale (15), and each slider (16) is fixed with the graduated scale (15) through a fastener (17).
6. The undercurrent exchange test device with the adjustable water supply mode according to claim 1, wherein the first water tank (28) and the second water tank (38) are respectively fixed on the main sand box (1) through fixing blocks (26), each cylinder (29) is slidably connected on the main sand box (1) through a connecting rod (24), and the undercurrent exchange test device further comprises a second threaded rod (25), and the second threaded rod (25) sequentially penetrates through the connecting rod (24) and the connecting rod (24) from bottom to top.
7. The device for testing the undercurrent exchange of an adjustable water supply according to claim 1, characterized in that a cross bar (34) is arranged in the cylinder (29) in the first tank (28), and the cross bar (34) is connected with a conical cap (36) through a vertical bar (35).
8. The undercurrent exchange test device with adjustable water supply mode according to claim 1, characterized in that the main sand box (1) is communicated with a third water tank (41) through a first water inlet pipe (11); a fixing rod (19) is fixed at the bottom of the main sand box (1), and a conical cover (18) is connected to the bottom of the fixing rod (19); the conical cover (18) is positioned at the outlet of the first water inlet pipe (11).
9. A test method of an underflow exchange test apparatus capable of adjusting a water supply method, characterized in that the underflow exchange test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is used for a constant head water supply test or a constant flow rate water supply test, and the test method of the constant head water supply test includes the steps of:
step 1, adding soil above a first pore plate (20);
step 2, adjusting the height of the cylinder (29) in the first water tank (28) and the second water tank (38) to enable a water head to reach a preset height;
step 3, closing the two fourth valves (33), adding water into the first water tank (28) through the water adding pipe (37), and enabling water flow to enter the main sand box (1) from the inlet of the cylinder body (29) through the first telescopic pipe; when the water level in the main sand box (1) reaches the upper surface of the first pore plate (20), a fourth valve (33) in the second telescopic pipe is opened, water flows sequentially through the second telescopic pipe and the cylinder body (29) to enter the second water tank (38) and is discharged through the third water discharge pipe (39), water delivery to the main sand box (1) is stopped after a period of time, the third water discharge pipe (39) is closed, the water level height permeated into soil is measured through the graduated scale (15), and water in the main sand box (1) is discharged after the test is completed.
10. The method for testing the subsurface flow exchange test device capable of adjusting the water supply mode according to claim 9, wherein the method for testing the constant flow water supply comprises the following steps:
step 1, filling water into the third water tank (41), and simultaneously adding soil above the first pore plate (20);
step 2, closing the two fourth valves (33), adding water into the main sand box (1) until the soil seepage amount in the main sand box 1 is saturated, and continuing to add water to keep the main sand box (1) at a certain water level;
step 3, conveying water in the third water tank (41) to the main sand box (1), opening a fourth valve (33) in the second telescopic pipe, and enabling water flow in the main sand box (1) to sequentially pass through the second telescopic pipe and the cylinder body (29), enter the second water tank (38) and be discharged through a third water discharge pipe (39); and stopping water delivery to the main sand box (1) after a period of time, closing the third drain pipe (39), measuring the descending height of the water level in the soil through the graduated scale (15), and draining water in the main sand box (1) and the third water tank (41) after the test is finished.
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