CN112703759A - Apparatus, method and computer program - Google Patents
Apparatus, method and computer program Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
- H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
- H04W36/0055—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link
- H04W36/0058—Transmission of hand-off measurement information, e.g. measurement reports
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
- H04W36/32—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by location or mobility data, e.g. speed data
- H04W36/322—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by location or mobility data, e.g. speed data by location data
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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Abstract
An apparatus, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: causing the user equipment to report the reference signal measurements; and causing the user equipment to adjust a time parameter associated with operation at the user equipment, the time parameter being dependent on the at least one reference signal measurement variation.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to an apparatus, method and computer program for adjusting at least one time parameter associated with at least one operation at a user equipment (e.g., periodicity of measurement reporting operations, time-to-trigger for handover operations, etc.).
Background
A communication system may be viewed as a facility that enables communication sessions between two or more entities such as user terminals, base stations/access points and/or other nodes by providing bearers between the various entities involved in the communication paths. A communication system may be provided, for example, by means of a communication network and one or more compatible communication devices. The communication session may include, for example, communication of data, such as voice, electronic mail (email), text messages, multimedia and/or content data, etc., for carrying the communication. Non-limiting examples of services provided include two-way or multi-way calls, data communication or multimedia services, and access to data network systems, such as the internet. In a wireless communication system, at least a portion of a communication session between at least two stations occurs over a wireless link.
A user may access the communication system by means of a suitable communication device or terminal. The user's communication device is often referred to as User Equipment (UE) or user equipment (user device). The communication device is provided with suitable signal receiving and transmitting means for enabling communication, e.g. enabling access to a communication network or enabling direct communication with other users. A communication device may access a carrier provided by a station or access point and transmit and/or receive communications on the carrier.
A communication system and associated devices typically operate in accordance with a given standard or specification which sets out what the various entities associated with the system are permitted to do and how that should be achieved. Communication protocols and/or parameters to be used for the connection are also typically defined. An example of a communication system is UTRAN (3G radio). Another example of an architecture is known as the Long Term Evolution (LTE) of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) radio access technology. Another example communication system is the so-called 5G radio or NR (new radio) access technology.
Disclosure of Invention
According to an aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer code for one or more programs, the at least one memory and the computer code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: causing the user equipment to report the reference signal measurements; and causing the user equipment to adjust a time parameter associated with an operation on the user equipment, the time parameter being dependent on the at least one reference signal measurement variation.
The reference signal measurements may include reference signal received power measurements.
The reference signal measurements may include reference signal received quality measurements.
The time parameter associated with the operation may include a periodicity associated with a reference signal measurement reporting operation.
If the reference signal measurement reporting operation is periodic, the time parameter associated with the operation may include the periodicity associated with the reference signal measurement reporting operation.
The time parameter associated with the operation may include a trigger time associated with the handover operation.
If the reference signal measurement reporting operation is event-triggered, the time parameter associated with the operation may include a trigger time associated with the handover operation.
The reference signal measurements may include current reference signal measurements and previous reference signal measurements.
The at least one reference signal measurement change may comprise a current reference signal measurement change.
The current reference signal measurement variation may be determined based on the current reference signal measurement and a previous reference signal measurement.
The at least one reference signal measurement change may comprise a prediction of a subsequent reference signal measurement change.
The prediction of the subsequent reference signal measurement variation may be based on the current reference signal measurement and the prediction of the subsequent reference signal measurement.
A prediction of a subsequent reference signal measurement may be determined based on the prediction of the subsequent location.
A prediction of a subsequent position may be determined based on the current position and the prediction of a subsequent velocity.
A prediction of a subsequent location may be determined based on the current orientation.
The current orientation may be determined based on the current location and the previous location.
The prediction of the subsequent speed may be determined based on the current speed and the prediction of the current speed.
The current velocity may be determined based on the current and previous positions and a time difference separating acquisition of the current reference signal measurement and acquisition of the previous reference signal measurement.
The current location and the previous location may be determined based on the current reference signal measurement and the previous reference signal measurement.
The current location and the previous location may be determined based on a fingerprint database that associates current reference signal measurements with the current location and previous reference signal measurements with the previous location.
According to one aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising means for: causing the user equipment to report the reference signal measurements; and causing the user equipment to adjust a time parameter associated with operation at the user equipment, the time parameter being dependent on the at least one reference signal measurement variation.
The reference signal measurements may include reference signal received power measurements.
The reference signal measurements may include reference signal received quality measurements.
The time parameter associated with the operation may include a periodicity associated with a reference signal measurement reporting operation.
If the reference signal measurement reporting operation is periodic, the time parameter associated with the operation may include the periodicity associated with the reference signal measurement reporting operation.
The time parameter associated with the operation may include a trigger time associated with the handover operation.
If the reference signal measurement reporting operation is event-triggered, the time parameter associated with the operation may include a trigger time associated with the handover operation.
The reference signal measurements may include current reference signal measurements and previous reference signal measurements.
The at least one reference signal measurement change may comprise a current reference signal measurement change.
The current reference signal measurement variation may be determined based on the current reference signal measurement and a previous reference signal measurement.
The at least one reference signal measurement change may comprise a prediction of a subsequent reference signal measurement change.
The prediction of the subsequent reference signal measurement variation may be based on the current reference signal measurement and the prediction of the subsequent reference signal measurement.
A prediction of a subsequent reference signal measurement may be determined based on the prediction of the subsequent location.
A prediction of a subsequent position may be determined based on the current position and the prediction of a subsequent velocity.
A prediction of a subsequent location may be determined based on the current orientation.
The current orientation may be determined based on the current location and the previous location.
The prediction of the subsequent speed may be determined based on the current speed and the prediction of the current speed.
The current velocity may be determined based on the current and previous positions and a time difference separating acquisition of the current reference signal measurement and acquisition of the set of previous reference signal measurements.
The current location and the previous location may be determined based on the current reference signal measurement and the previous reference signal measurement.
The current location and the previous location may be determined based on a fingerprint database that associates current reference signal measurements with the current location and previous reference signal measurements with the previous location.
According to one aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising circuitry configured to: causing the user equipment to report the reference signal measurements; and causing the user equipment to adjust a time parameter associated with an operation on the user equipment, the time parameter being dependent on the at least one reference signal measurement variation.
The reference signal measurements may include reference signal received power measurements.
The reference signal measurements may include reference signal received quality measurements.
The time parameter associated with the operation may include a periodicity associated with a reference signal measurement reporting operation.
If the reference signal measurement reporting operation is periodic, the time parameter associated with the operation may include the periodicity associated with the reference signal measurement reporting operation.
The time parameter associated with the operation may include a trigger time associated with the handover operation.
If the reference signal measurement reporting operation is event-triggered, the time parameter associated with the operation may include a trigger time associated with the handover operation.
The reference signal measurements may include current reference signal measurements and previous reference signal measurements.
The at least one reference signal measurement change may comprise a current reference signal measurement change.
The current reference signal measurement variation may be determined based on the current reference signal measurement and a previous reference signal measurement.
The at least one reference signal measurement change may comprise a prediction of a subsequent reference signal measurement change.
The prediction of the subsequent reference signal measurement variation may be based on the current reference signal measurement and the prediction of the subsequent reference signal measurement.
A prediction of a subsequent reference signal measurement may be determined based on the prediction of the subsequent location.
A prediction of a subsequent position may be determined based on the current position and the prediction of a subsequent velocity.
A prediction of a subsequent location may be determined based on the current orientation.
The current orientation may be determined based on the current location and the previous location.
The prediction of the subsequent speed may be determined based on the current speed and the prediction of the current speed.
The current velocity may be determined based on the current and previous positions and a time difference separating acquisition of the current reference signal measurement and acquisition of the previous reference signal measurement.
The current location and the previous location may be determined based on the current reference signal measurement and the previous reference signal measurement.
The current location and the previous location may be determined based on a fingerprint database that associates current reference signal measurements with the current location and previous reference signal measurements with the previous location.
According to one aspect, there is provided a method comprising: causing the user equipment to report the reference signal measurements; and causing the user equipment to adjust a time parameter associated with an operation on the user equipment, the time parameter being dependent on the at least one reference signal measurement variation.
The reference signal measurements may include reference signal received power measurements.
The reference signal measurements may include reference signal received quality measurements.
The time parameter associated with the operation may include a periodicity associated with a reference signal measurement reporting operation.
If the reference signal measurement reporting operation is periodic, the time parameter associated with the operation may include the periodicity associated with the reference signal measurement reporting operation.
The time parameter associated with the operation may include a trigger time associated with the handover operation.
If the reference signal measurement reporting operation is event-triggered, the time parameter associated with the operation may include a trigger time associated with the handover operation.
The reference signal measurements may include current reference signal measurements and previous reference signal measurements.
The at least one reference signal measurement change may comprise a current reference signal measurement change.
The current reference signal measurement variation may be determined based on the current reference signal measurement and a previous reference signal measurement.
The at least one reference signal measurement change may comprise a prediction of a subsequent reference signal measurement change.
The prediction of the subsequent reference signal measurement variation may be based on the current reference signal measurement and the prediction of the subsequent reference signal measurement.
A prediction of a subsequent reference signal measurement may be determined based on the prediction of the subsequent location.
A prediction of a subsequent position may be determined based on the current position and the prediction of a subsequent velocity.
A prediction of a subsequent location may be determined based on the current orientation.
The current orientation may be determined based on the current location and the previous location.
The prediction of the subsequent speed may be determined based on the current speed and the prediction of the current speed.
The current velocity may be determined based on the current and previous positions and a time difference separating acquisition of the current reference signal measurement and acquisition of the previous reference signal measurement.
The current location and the previous location may be determined based on the current reference signal measurement and the previous reference signal measurement.
The current location and the previous location may be determined based on a fingerprint database that associates current reference signal measurements with the current location and previous reference signal measurements with the previous location.
According to an aspect, there is provided a computer program comprising computer executable code which, when run on at least one process, is configured to: causing the user equipment to report the reference signal measurements; and causing the user equipment to adjust a time parameter associated with operation at the user equipment, the time parameter being dependent on the at least one reference signal measurement variation.
The reference signal measurements may include reference signal received power measurements.
The reference signal measurements may include reference signal received quality measurements.
The time parameter associated with the operation may include a periodicity associated with a reference signal measurement reporting operation.
If the reference signal measurement reporting operation is periodic, the time parameter associated with the operation may include the periodicity associated with the reference signal measurement reporting operation.
The time parameter associated with the operation may include a trigger time associated with the handover operation.
If the reference signal measurement reporting operation is event-triggered, the time parameter associated with the operation may include a trigger time associated with the handover operation.
The reference signal measurements may include current reference signal measurements and previous reference signal measurements.
The at least one reference signal measurement change may comprise a current reference signal measurement change.
The current reference signal measurement variation may be determined based on the current reference signal measurement and a previous reference signal measurement.
The at least one reference signal measurement change may comprise a prediction of a subsequent reference signal measurement change.
The prediction of the subsequent reference signal measurement variation may be based on the current reference signal measurement and the prediction of the subsequent reference signal measurement.
A prediction of a subsequent reference signal measurement may be determined based on the prediction of the subsequent location.
A prediction of a subsequent position may be determined based on the current position and the prediction of a subsequent velocity.
A prediction of a subsequent location may be determined based on the current orientation.
The current orientation may be determined based on the current location and the previous location.
The prediction of the subsequent speed may be determined based on the current speed and the prediction of the current speed.
The current velocity may be determined based on the current and previous positions and a time difference separating acquisition of the current reference signal measurement and acquisition of the previous reference signal measurement.
The current location and the previous location may be determined based on the current reference signal measurement and the previous reference signal measurement.
The current location and the previous location may be determined based on a fingerprint database that associates current reference signal measurements with the current location and previous reference signal measurements with the previous location.
According to one aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least one of the above methods.
According to one aspect, a non-transitory computer readable medium is provided, comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least one of the above methods.
According to one aspect, there is provided a non-volatile tangible storage medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least one of the above methods.
According to one aspect, a computer-readable medium is provided that stores a set of time parameters for operation at a user equipment, the time parameters being associated with respective reference signal measurement variations.
According to one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium is provided that stores a set of time parameters for operation at a user equipment, the time parameters associated with respective reference signal measurement variations.
According to one aspect, a non-volatile tangible storage medium is provided that stores a set of time parameters for operation at a user device, the set of time parameters associated with respective reference signal measurement changes.
In the above, many different aspects have been described. It will be appreciated that other aspects may be provided by a combination of any two or more of the above aspects.
Various other aspects are also described in the following detailed description and the appended claims.
Abbreviation list
CGI: cell global identifier
GPS: global positioning system
HO: handover
ILA: indoor location alliance
LBS: location based services
LTE: long term evolution
MR: measurement reporting
PCell: primary cell
RAT (RAT): radio access technology
RRH: remote radio head
RSRP: reference signal received power
RSRQ: reference signal reception quality
SCell: auxiliary cell
SON: self-organizing network
UE: user equipment
WSN: wireless sensor network
Drawings
Embodiments will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a communication system;
figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a control device;
figure 3 shows a schematic representation of a communication device;
figure 4 shows a schematic representation of a diagram illustrating the relationship between the distance between a user equipment and a cell and the signal to interference and noise ratio for that cell;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a diagram of a method for adjusting at least one time parameter associated with at least one operation at a user equipment; and
fig. 6 shows a schematic representation of a non-volatile storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, allow the processor to perform one or more steps of the method of fig. 5.
Detailed Description
In the following, certain embodiments are explained with reference to a mobile communication device capable of communicating via a wireless cellular system and a mobile communication system serving such a mobile communication device. Before explaining in detail the exemplary embodiments, certain general principles of a wireless communication system, its access system and a mobile communication device are briefly explained with reference to fig. 1 to 3 to help understand the underlying technology of the described examples.
Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system 100. The wireless communication system 100 includes wireless communication devices 102, 104, 105. The wireless communication devices 102, 104, 105 provide wireless access via at least one base station 106 and 107 or similar wireless transmitting and/or receiving node or point. The base stations 106 and 107 are typically controlled by at least one suitable controller device. The controller means may be part of the base stations 106 and 107.
Fig. 2 illustrates an example of a control apparatus 200 for a node, e.g., integrated with, coupled to, and/or otherwise for controlling a base station, such as base stations 106, 107, 116, 118, or 120 shown in fig. 1. The control apparatus 200 may be arranged to allow communication between the user equipment and the core network. For this purpose, the control means comprise at least one Random Access Memory (RAM)211a and at least one Read Only Memory (ROM)211b, at least one processor 212, 213 and an input/output interface 214. At least one processor 212, 213 is coupled to RAM 211a and ROM 211 b. Via an interface, the control device 200 may be coupled to relevant other components of the base station. The at least one processor 212, 213 may be configured to execute suitable software code 215 to perform one or more steps of the method described below with reference to fig. 5. The software codes 215 may be stored in the ROM 211 b. It should be appreciated that similar components may be provided elsewhere in the network system, for example in a control arrangement provided in a core network entity. The control device 200 may be interconnected with other control entities. The control device 200 and functions may be distributed between several control units. In some embodiments, each base station may comprise a control device. In an alternative embodiment, two or more base stations may share a control device.
The base stations and associated controllers may communicate with each other via fixed line connections and/or via radio interfaces. The logical connection between the base stations may be provided, for example, through an X2 or similar interface. The interface may be used, for example, to coordinate the operation of the base stations and to perform reselection or handover operations.
Fig. 3 illustrates an example of a user device or wireless communication device 300, such as the wireless communication devices 102, 104, or 105 shown in fig. 1. The wireless communication device 300 may be provided by any device capable of sending and receiving radio signals. Non-limiting examples include a Mobile Station (MS) or mobile device such as a mobile phone or so-called "smart phone", a computer provided with a wireless interface card or other wireless interface facility (e.g., a USB dongle), a Personal Data Assistant (PDA) or tablet computer provided with wireless communication capabilities, a machine type communication MTC device, an IoT type communication device, or any combination of these, and so forth. The device may provide data communications, for example, for bearer communications. The communication may be one or more of voice, electronic mail (email), text messages, multimedia, data, machine data, and so on.
The apparatus 300 may receive signals over the air or radio interface 307 via appropriate means for receiving and may transmit signals via appropriate means for transmitting radio signals. In fig. 2, a transceiver device is schematically indicated by block 306. The transceiver device 306 may be provided, for example, by means of a radio part and associated antenna arrangement. The antenna arrangement may be arranged inside or outside the mobile device.
The wireless communication device 300 may be provided with at least one processor 301, at least one memory ROM 302a, at least one RAM 302b, and possibly other components 303 for use in the execution of software and hardware assisted tasks designed to be performed, including controlling access to and communication with access systems and other communication devices. At least one processor 301 is coupled to RAM 211a and ROM 211 b. The at least one processor 301 may be configured to execute suitable software code 308 to perform one or more steps of the method described below with reference to fig. 5. The software code 308 may be stored in the ROM 211 b.
The processor, memory and other associated control means may be provided on a suitable circuit board and/or in a chipset. This feature is indicated by reference numeral 304. The device may optionally have a user interface such as a keyboard 305, a touch sensitive screen or touch pad, combinations thereof, or the like. Depending on the type of device, one or more of a display, a speaker and a microphone may optionally be provided.
One or more of the following embodiments relate to accurate indoor positioning of wireless communication devices.
Accurate indoor positioning of wireless communication devices may unlock new possibilities for mobile services. Consumers may benefit from personalized contextual information and offers and new services such as indoor navigation. It can also create new marketing opportunities, meaning that appropriate services and information can be delivered depending on the user's current location or future location. Emerging indoor Location Based Services (LBS) may include social networking, people finding, marketing campaigns, asset tracking, and the like. In addition, accurate indoor positioning can not only be of great importance by simplifying people's lives, but also by helping firefighters, police, soldiers, medical personnel save lives and perform specific tasks, etc.
The Indoor Location Alliance (ILA) was originally composed of 22 companies and has now been extended to 95 companies including nokia. It was launched to drive innovation and market adoption of high-accuracy indoor positioning and related services.
There may be many difficulties in achieving accurate indoor positioning. Standard methods for outdoor positioning, including Global Positioning System (GPS), may not be easily used indoors due to the unreliability of GPS signals, interference sources and obstacles present in indoor environments.
One solution to provide accurate indoor positioning may be for the cellular operator to provide a unified continuous positioning system as the communication system. However, most WiFi systems/Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) may not be built by cellular operators, and cellular positioning systems may provide limited accuracy. Furthermore, the cellular network may not be optimized for positioning but for communication. For example, cellular indoor positioning may depend primarily on Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurements and/or Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) measurements from User Equipment (UE). These measurements are sent by the UE to the base station in a Measurement Report (MR).
The triggering mechanism for the MR may be event-driven or periodic, as defined in 3GPP TS 36.331 for Long Term Evolution (LTE). Event-driven MR can be based on events a1, a2, A3, a4, a5, and a 6. The periodic MR may be based on expiration of a timer. The purpose of the periodic reporting is to signal "report the strongest cell" or "report the Cell Global Identifier (CGI)". The number of triggers may be designated as RSRP or RSRQ. The reporting number may be specified to be the same as the triggering number, or both RSRP and RSRQ. The maximum number of cells to report is specified.
For inter Radio Access Technology (RAT), the trigger mechanism for sending the MR may be event-driven or periodic. Event-driven MR can be based on events B1 and B2. The periodic MR may be based on expiration of a timer. The purpose of the periodic reporting may be to signal "report the strongest cell", "report the strongest cell of a self-organizing network (SON)" or "report the CGI". The maximum number of cells to report may be specified.
Table 1: predefined event list in 3GPP E-UTRA standards
The base station may calculate the distance to the UE using RSRP and/or RSRQ measurements and triangulation or fingerprinting techniques. Fingerprinting is a technique for creating a fingerprint database during an offline measurement phase. Fingerprints are formed based on RSRP and/or RSRQ measurements collected at various known locations and stored in a fingerprint database. The fingerprints are associated with respective locations in a fingerprint database. In the online measurement phase, fingerprints are formed based on RSRP and/or RSRQ measurements collected at unknown locations. The fingerprint is compared to fingerprints stored in a fingerprint database and matching fingerprints are identified. An unknown location is then identified based on the known locations associated with the matching fingerprints.
In an indoor environment, the deployment of small cells, remote radio listening (RRH) or the presence of leaky cables or walls or obstacles may result in a lower accuracy or reliability of triangulation or fingerprinting techniques. In such an environment, it may be advantageous to adjust the density of the MR based on RSRP and/or RSRQ measurement variation, UE velocity, or others to improve the accuracy of indoor positioning. For example, the density of MRs may be increased when RSRP and/or RSRQ measurement variation is high or when the UE is moving. For example, fast moving UEs, particularly fast moving UEs within the coverage of several cells (e.g., small cells), may transmit MRs more frequently than fixed or slow moving UEs.
One or more of the following embodiments propose adjusting the density of the MR to provide accurate indoor localization and trajectory tracking. The density of MRs may be adjusted, e.g., based on RSRP and/or RSRQ measurement variation, and may take into account the speed of the UE, the orientation of the UE, and/or others.
In LTE, after a handover event, the serving eNB constantly compares the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) for the UE of the serving cell with the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) of the handover target cell during a Time To Trigger (TTT).
According to 3GPP TS 36.133, the relationship (in dB) between SINR and RSRQ can be given by: SINR is 1/(1/(Nsc RSRQ) -x, where Nsc denotes the number of subcarriers per resource block (e.g., 12), and x is the instantaneous serving cell subcarrier activity factor (e.g., 0< x ≦ 1).
During the TTT, if the SINR for the serving cell is higher than the SINR in the target cell, a "leave event" occurs, and handover is not performed. By using TTT, the ping-pong handover rate can be reduced. However, the Radio Link Failure (RLF) rate may increase due to delayed handover execution during TTT.
Fig. 4 illustrates the effect of TTT on ping-pong handover rate and RLF rate. For long TTTs, the UE may move away from the serving cell. The likelihood of RLF may increase due to severe degradation of SINR in the serving cell before handover is actually performed. However, because there is a large difference between the SINR for the serving cell and the SINR for the neighbor cell at the end of the TTT, the likelihood of ping-pong handover is reduced. For short TTTs, the UE may remain close to the serving cell. Since the SINR for the serving cell remains high until handover is actually performed, the possibility of RLF can be reduced. However, because there is only a small difference between the SINR for the serving cell and the SINR for the neighbor cell at the end of the TTT, the probability of ping-pong handover is increased.
One or more of the following embodiments propose to adjust the TTT to provide an optimized compromise between ping-pong switching rate and RLF rate. The TTT may be adjusted, for example, based on RSRP and/or RSRQ measurement variation, and take into account the speed of the UE, the orientation of the UE, and/or others.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of a diagram of a method for adjusting at least one time parameter associated with at least one operation at a user equipment.
In step 400, a sequence of reference signal measurements may be collected by a UE and reported to a base station in one or more MRs. The MR may be periodic or event-triggered. The MR may be stored at the base station. The reference signal measurements may include RSRP measurements, RSRQ measurements, and/or other reference signal measurements.
The sequence of reference signal measurements comprises at least a current reference signal measurement ψ (n) collected at a current time t (n) and a previous reference signal measurement ψ (n-1) collected at a previous time t (n-1), where "n" is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The current time interval t (n) may be obtained based on the previous time t (n-1) and the current time t (n). For example, the current time interval t (n) may be obtained by subtracting the previous time t (n-1) from the current time t (n).
T (n) ═ t (n) — t (n-1) [ equation 1]
In step 402, a current reference signal variation Δ (n) may be determined. The current reference signal variation Δ (n) may be determined based on the current reference signal measurement ψ (n) and based on the previous reference signal measurement ψ (n-1). For example, the current reference signal variation Δ (n) may be determined by subtracting the previous reference signal measurement ψ (n-1) from the current reference signal measurement ψ (n). However, it will be appreciated that the current reference signal change Δ (n) may be obtained in other ways.
Δ (n) ═ ψ (n) - ψ (n-1) [ equation 2]
In step 404, a current location L (n) and a previous location L (n-1) may be determined. The current position l (n) may include a coordinate x (n) in the first direction and a coordinate y (n) in the second direction. The previous location L (n-1) may include a coordinate X (n-1) in a first direction and a coordinate Y (n-1) in a second direction.
L (n) ═ (x (n), y (n)) [ equation 3]
L (n-1) ═ X (n-1), Y (n-1)) [ equation 4]
The current position l (n) may be determined based on the current reference signal measurement ψ (n) obtained in step 400. The previous position L (n-1) may be determined based on the previous reference signal measurement ψ (n-1) obtained in step 400.
In an example, the current fingerprint may be formed based on the current reference signal measurement (n). The pre-fingerprints may be individually compared to fingerprints stored in a fingerprint database. A matching fingerprint (matching fingerprint) may be identified. The current location l (n) may be identified based on the location associated with the matching fingerprint. Likewise, a previous fingerprint may be formed based on a previous reference signal measurement (n-1). The previous fingerprint may be individually compared to fingerprints stored in a fingerprint database. Matching fingerprints may be identified. The previous location L (n-1) may be identified based on the location associated with the matching fingerprint.
In another example, the sequence formed by the current fingerprint and the previous fingerprint may be compared together (i.e., rather than individually) with the fingerprint sequences stored in the fingerprint database to find a matching sequence and improve the accuracy of the current location L (n) and the previous location L (n-1).
In an example, a hidden markov model may be used.
It will be appreciated that the current position L (n) and the previous position L (n-1) may be determined in other ways.
In step 406, a current speed v (n) may be determined. The current velocity V (n) may include a coordinate V _ x (n) along the first direction and a coordinate V _ y (n) along the second direction.
V (n) ═ (V _ x (n), V _ y (n)) [ equation 5]
The current velocity v (n) may be determined based on the current position L (n), the previous position L (n-1), and the current time interval t (n) obtained in step 404. The current speed v (n) may be determined as follows.
V _ X (n) ═ (X (n) — X (n-1))/t (n) [ equation 6]
V _ Y (n) ═ (Y (n) — Y (n-1))/t (n) [ equation 7]
│V(n)│＝sqrt(V_X(n)2+V_Y(n)2) [ equation 8]]
However, it will be appreciated that the current speed v (n) may be determined in other ways.
In step 408, a prediction of subsequent speed V' (n +1) may be determined. The prediction of subsequent velocity V ' (n +1) may include a coordinate V ' _ X (n +1) in the first direction and a coordinate V ' _ Y (n +1) in the second direction.
V ' (n +1) ═ V ' _ X (n +1), V ' _ Y (n +1)) [ equation 9]
When the environment in which the UE is located does not have a fixed path (e.g., a passage of an exhibition center or supermarket, a corridor of a hospital, etc.), a subsequent velocity V '(n +1) may be determined based on the prediction V' (n) of the current velocity obtained in the previous instance of step 410 and the current velocity V (n) obtained in step 406. The subsequent velocity V' (n +1) may also be determined based on the filter parameter α. The filter parameters a may be determined empirically or calculated. The filter parameter a may reduce inertial effects and sudden changes due to disturbances (e.g., 0< a < 1), for example. The subsequent speed V ' (n +1) may also be determined based on a predetermined prediction of the initial speed V ' (1) (e.g., V ' (1) ═ V (1)). The subsequent speed V' (n +1) can be determined as follows.
V '(n +1) ═ 1- α V' (n +1) + α V (n) [ equation 10]
Also, a current orientation may be determined. The current orientation may be determined based on the current position L (n) and the previous position L (n-1) obtained in step 404.
When the environment in which the UE is located has a fixed path, the Dijkstra shortest connection path algorithm may be used to determine the prediction V' (n +1) for the subsequent speed. The current position l (n) obtained in step 406 may be mapped to a position on the fixed path, and the subsequent velocity V' (n +1) and current orientation may be interpolated.
In step 410, a prediction of a subsequent location, L' (n +1), may be determined. The prediction L ' (n +1) of the subsequent position may include a coordinate X ' (n +1) in the first direction and a coordinate Y ' (n +1) in the second direction.
L ' (n +1) ═ X ' (n +1), Y ' (n +1)) [ equation 11]
The prediction of the subsequent position L '(n +1) may be determined based on the current position L (n) obtained in step 404, the prediction of the subsequent velocity V' (n +1), the current orientation obtained in step 408, and/or the subsequent time interval T (n + 1). It may be assumed that the subsequent time interval T (n +1) is equal to the current time interval T (n). The prediction of the subsequent location L' (n +1) may also be refined based on map modeling of the environment in which the UE is located. The prediction of the subsequent position L' (n +1) may be determined as follows.
X '(n +1) ═ X (n) + V' _ X (n +1) × T (n +1) [ equation 12]
Y '(n +1) ═ Y (n) + V' _ Y (n +1) × T (n +1) [ equation 13]
In step 412, a prediction ψ' (n +1) of a subsequent reference signal measurement may be determined. The prediction ψ '(n +1) of the subsequent reference signal measurement may be determined based on the prediction L' (n +1) of the subsequent position obtained in step 410. The prediction ψ' (n +1) for subsequent reference signal measurements can be determined based on a fingerprint database.
In an example, the prediction of the subsequent location L' (n +1) may be compared to locations stored in the fingerprint database. A matching location may be identified. The prediction ψ' (n +1) of a subsequent reference signal measurement can be identified based on the reference signal measurements forming the fingerprint associated with the matching position. However, it will be appreciated that the prediction ψ' (n +1) for subsequent reference signal measurements may be determined in other ways.
In step 414, a prediction Δ ψ' (n +1) of the subsequent reference signal measurement variation may be determined. The prediction Δ ψ '(n +1) of the subsequent reference signal measurement variation can be determined based on the prediction ψ' (n +1) of the subsequent reference signal measurement obtained in step 412 and the reference signal measurement variation Δ ψ (n) obtained in step 402. For example, the prediction Δ ψ '(n +1) of the subsequent reference signal measurement variation can be determined by subtracting the current reference signal measurement ψ (n) from the prediction ψ' (n +1) of the subsequent reference signal measurement. However, it will be understood that the current reference signal variation Δ ψ' (n +1) may be obtained in other ways.
Δ ψ '(n +1) ═ ψ' (n +1) - ψ (n) [ equation 14]
In step 416, a weighted average value Ω (n +1) of the reference signal measurement variations may be determined. A weighted average of the reference signal measurement variations Ω (n +1) may be determined based on the reference signal measurement variations Δ ψ (n) obtained in step 402, the predictions Δ ψ' (n +1) of the subsequent reference signal measurement variations obtained in step 416, the current time interval t (n) obtained in step 400, and/or the filter parameter β. The filter parameters β may be determined empirically or calculated. The filter parameter beta may reduce, for example, inertial effects and sudden changes due to external disturbances (e.g., 0< beta < 1). The weighted average value Ω (n +1) of the reference signal measurement variations can be determined as follows. However, it will be appreciated that the weighted average of the reference signal measurement variation Ω (n +1) may be determined in other ways.
Ω (n +1) ═ ((1- β) Δ ψ (n) + β Δ ψ' (n +1))/t (n)) [ equation 15]
Then, if the subsequent MR is event-triggered, the method proceeds to step 418. If the subsequent MR is periodic, the method proceeds to step 420.
In step 418 (i.e., the subsequent MR is event-triggered), the TTT is adjusted by the UE. The adjusted TTT may be determined based on the weighted average Ω (n +1) of the reference signal measurement variations obtained in step 416, the first and second thresholds ψ h1 and ψ h2, and the current reference signal measurement ψ (n).
The first threshold ψ h1 may be determined such that a ping-pong handover may occur if the reference signal measurement ψ is greater than the first threshold ψ h 1. The second threshold ψ h2 may be determined such that RLF may occur if the current reference signal measurement ψ is less than the second threshold ψ h 2. Ideally, the reference signal measurement ψ should be between the first threshold ψ h1 and the second threshold ψ h2 at the end of the adjusted TTT. The first threshold ψ h1 and the second threshold ψ h2 may be empirically determined or calculated. The adjusted TTT may be determined as follows. However, it will be appreciated that the adjusted TTT may be determined in other ways.
TTT ((ψ h1+ ψ h 2)/2- (n))/Ω (n +1) [ equation 16]
In step 420 (i.e., the subsequent MR is periodic), the MR periodicity is adjusted, and a subsequent time interval T (n +1) is determined. The subsequent time interval T (n +1) defines a subsequent time T (n +1) when a subsequent reference signal measurement ψ (n +1) is to be collected by the UE and reported by the UE to the base station in a subsequent MR.
T (n +1) ═ T (n +1) -T (n) (equation 17)
In an example, the subsequent time interval T (n +1) may be determined based on the weighted average of the reference signal measurement variations Ω (n +1) obtained in step 416. The set of predetermined time intervals T may be stored in a table and associated with corresponding reference signal measurement variations Δ ψ to meet positioning accuracy requirements. The weighted average value Ω (n +1) of the reference signal measurement variations may be compared to the reference signal measurement variations Δ ψ in the table and matching reference signal measurement variations Δ ψ may be identified. A subsequent time interval T (n +1) may then be determined based on the time interval T associated with the matched reference signal measurement variation (e.g., the subsequent time interval T (n +1) is equal to the time interval T associated with the matched reference signal measurement variation Δ ψ).
In another example, the subsequent time interval T (n +1) may be determined based on the weighted average Ω (n +1) of the reference signal measurement variations obtained in step 416 and a predetermined reference signal measurement variation Δ ψ which sets the positioning accuracy requirement. The predetermined reference signal measures the variation Δ ψ, which sets the positioning accuracy requirements in the fingerprint database. The subsequent time interval T (n +1) may then be determined as follows.
T (n +1) ═ Δ ψ/Ω (n +1) [ equation 18]
However, it will be appreciated that the subsequent time interval T (n +1) may be determined in other ways. The subsequent time interval T (n +1) may then be added to a predetermined set of time intervals T (e.g., a predetermined set of 3GPP TS 36.331).
It will be appreciated that steps 400, 418 and 420 may be performed by the UE. Steps 402, 404, 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, and/or 416 may be performed by a UE, a base station, or any other entity of a communication network.
It will also be appreciated that although the method has been described in the context of LTE, the method may be applicable to other communication systems.
An advantage of one or more of the above embodiments is that an adaptive measurement reporting scheme is provided, in particular for indoor environments (but it will be appreciated that it may also be applicable for outdoor environments). MR periodicity can be optimized to meet positioning accuracy requirements in complex indoor scenarios and reduce signaling overhead. Furthermore, the TTT can be optimized to find a suitable compromise between ping-pong handover rate and RLF rate.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic representation of non-volatile memory media 600a (e.g., a Computer Disk (CD) or a Digital Versatile Disk (DVD)) and 600b (e.g., a Universal Serial Bus (USB) memory stick) storing instructions and/or parameters 602, which when executed by a processor, allow the processor to perform one or more steps of the method of fig. 5.
It is noted that while the above describes exemplifying embodiments, there are several variations and modifications which may be made to the disclosed solution without departing from the scope of the present invention.
The embodiments may thus vary within the scope of the attached claims. In general, some embodiments may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. For example, some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device, although the embodiments are not limited thereto. While various embodiments may be illustrated and described as block diagrams, flow charts, or using some other pictorial representation, it is well known that these blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
Embodiments may be implemented by computer software stored in a memory and executable by at least one data processor of the involved entities or by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware. Further in this regard it should be noted that any process such as that in figure 4 may represent program steps, or interconnected logic circuits, blocks and functions, or a combination of program steps and logic circuits, blocks and functions. The software may be stored on physical media such as memory blocks or memory chips implemented within the processor, magnetic media such as hard or floppy disks, and optical media such as DVDs and data variant CDs thereof.
The memory may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory. The data processor may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), gate level circuits and processors based on a multi-core processor architecture, as non-limiting examples.
Alternatively or additionally, some embodiments may be implemented using circuitry. The circuitry may be configured to perform one or more of the previously described functions and/or method steps. The circuitry may be provided in a base station and/or in a communication device.
As used in this application, the term "circuitry" may refer to one or more or all of the following:
(a) a purely hardware circuit implementation (e.g., an implementation in analog and/or digital circuitry only);
(b) a combination of hardware circuitry and software, such as:
(i) a combination of analog and/or digital hardware circuit(s) and software/firmware, and
(ii) any portion of hardware processor(s) with software (including digital signal processor (s)), software, and memory(s) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a communications device or base station, to perform the various functions previously described; and
(c) hardware circuit(s) and/or processor(s), such as microprocessor(s) or a portion of microprocessor(s), that require software (e.g., firmware) to operate, but which may not be present when operation is not required.
This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of the term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also encompasses implementations in hardware circuitry only or a processor (or multiple processors) or a portion of a hardware circuitry or a processor and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware. The term circuitry also encompasses, for example, integrated devices.
The foregoing description has provided by way of exemplary and non-limiting examples a full and informative description of some embodiments. However, various modifications and adaptations may become apparent to those skilled in the relevant arts in view of the foregoing description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the appended claims. However, all such and similar modifications of the teachings will still fall within the scope as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (20)
1. An apparatus, comprising:
at least one processor; and
at least one memory including computer program code;
the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to:
causing the user equipment to report the reference signal measurements; and
causing the user equipment to adjust a time parameter associated with operation at the user equipment, the time parameter being dependent on at least one reference signal measurement variation.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the reference signal measurements comprise reference signal received power measurements.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the reference signal measurements comprise reference signal received quality measurements.
4. The apparatus of any of claims 1-3, wherein the time parameter associated with the operation comprises a periodicity associated with a reference signal measurement reporting operation.
5. The apparatus of any of claims 1-3, wherein the time parameter associated with the operation comprises a trigger time associated with a handover operation.
6. The apparatus of any of claims 1-5, wherein the reference signal measurement comprises: a current reference signal measurement and a previous reference signal measurement.
7. The apparatus of any of claims 6, wherein the at least one reference signal measurement change comprises a current reference signal measurement change.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the current reference signal measurement variation is determined based on the current reference signal measurement and the previous reference signal measurement.
9. The apparatus of any one of claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the at least one reference signal measurement change comprises a prediction of a subsequent reference signal measurement change.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the prediction of the subsequent reference signal measurement variation is based on the current reference signal measurement and a prediction of a subsequent reference signal measurement.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the prediction of the subsequent reference signal measurement is determined based on a prediction of a subsequent location.
12. The device of claim 11, wherein the prediction of the subsequent location is determined based on a current location and a prediction of a subsequent velocity.
13. The device of claim 12, wherein the prediction of the subsequent location is determined based on a current orientation.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the current orientation is determined based on a current location and a previous location.
15. The apparatus of any of claims 12-14, wherein the prediction of the subsequent speed is determined based on a current speed and a prediction of the current speed.
16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the current speed is determined based on: the current and previous locations and a time difference separating acquisition of the current reference signal measurement and acquisition of the previous reference signal measurement.
17. The apparatus of any of claims 12 to 16, wherein the current location and the previous location are determined based on the current reference signal measurement and the previous reference signal measurement.
18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the current location and the previous location are determined based on a fingerprint database that associates the current reference signal measurements with the current location and the previous reference signal measurements with the previous location.
19. A method, comprising:
causing the user equipment to report the reference signal measurements; and
causing the user equipment to adjust a time parameter associated with operation at the user equipment, the time parameter being dependent on at least one reference signal measurement variation.
20. A computer program comprising computer-executable instructions which, when run on one or more processors, perform the steps of:
causing the user equipment to report the reference signal measurements; and
causing the user equipment to adjust a time parameter associated with operation at the user equipment, the time parameter being dependent on at least one reference signal measurement variation.
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