CN112693192B - Processing technology of lightweight sound-proof cloth - Google Patents
Processing technology of lightweight sound-proof cloth Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/77—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof
- D06M11/79—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof with silicon dioxide, silicic acids or their salts
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/347—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated ethers, acetals, hemiacetals, ketones or aldehydes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/02—Coating on the layer surface on fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
- B32B2260/025—Particulate layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
- B32B2262/0284—Polyethylene terephthalate [PET] or polybutylene terephthalate [PBT]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
- B32B2307/102—Insulating
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a processing technology of lightweight sound-proof cloth, which comprises a porous PET fiber spinning film-forming step, SiO 2 The method comprises the steps of rough modification of the surface of nano particles and multilayer compounding, wherein the PET fibers are in a porous shape by changing condition parameters during electrostatic spinning, and the nano-scale micropores in the PET fibers and the micron-scale holes formed by fiber interweaving form a two-stage pore mechanism. The coating liquid can coat and hang nanometer silica granule on PET nanofiber surface, increases the roughness on fiber surface, increases the scattering of sound wave, and the cooperation hole mechanism reduces the penetrability of noise by a wide margin, promotes the effect of giving sound insulation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of sound insulation non-woven fabrics, in particular to a processing technology of light sound insulation cloth.
Background
Electrostatic spinning is a technology for charging and deforming polymer solution or melt by means of a high-voltage electrostatic field, forming a suspended conical liquid drop at the tail end of a spray head, forming jet flows on the surface of the liquid drop when the charge repulsion force on the surface of the liquid drop exceeds the surface tension of the liquid drop, and finally depositing the liquid drop on a receiving polar plate to form polymer nano fibers after the jet flows are subjected to high-speed stretching of electric field force, solvent volatilization and solidification in a short distance. The method mainly comprises solution spinning and melt spinning, wherein the melt spinning is limited due to the development of a series of problems that a high-temperature environment is needed in the manufacturing process, the diameter of the spun fiber is thick and the like; solution spinning has been used in research in various fields because of its easy environmental control, simple equipment, wide range of spinnable raw materials, etc., and as of 2010, more than 200 polymers have been used for solution spinning. In addition, the diameter, the pore diameter, the porosity, the thickness, the surface morphology of the fiber and the like of the nanofiber membrane can be controllably adjusted by changing environmental parameters, processing parameters and the properties of the polymer solution.
The existing sound insulation or absorption materials mostly adopt methods of increasing the thickness or reducing the surface density to increase the number of micro holes in the materials, and the like to reduce noise and absorb sound, and the micro holes or cavities in the materials enable sound waves to vibrate air in the micro holes when passing through the sound absorption materials, so that the sound energy is converted into heat energy, and the purpose of sound absorption is achieved. However, the lightweight soundproof cloth requires that the thickness of the sound absorption material cannot be too large, otherwise, subsequent paving and application are not facilitated, the reduction of the surface density enables the hole in the sound absorption material to be enlarged, the density is reduced, and the oversize hole diameter and the undersize density can lead to the great reduction of the sound absorption effect, so that the adjustment range of the surface density is extremely small, and the lightweight improvement is not facilitated. There is therefore a need for a lightweight acoustic cloth that can effectively absorb sound and reduce noise.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the existing soundproof cloth has the problems and defects in the process of lightweight improvement and application.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a processing technology of lightweight sound insulation cloth comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing a PET nanofiber membrane: firstly, preparing a PET spinning solution, wherein a solvent is dimethylformamide, spinning polyester fibers by using an electrostatic spinning machine, controlling the environmental humidity in the spinning process to be 20-50% and the temperature to be 20 +/-5 ℃, and treating the prepared fiber membrane in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 2.5 hours to remove the residual solvent to obtain a single-layer PET nanofiber membrane; the PET nanofiber membrane is composed of loose and porous PET fibers, and the average pore diameter of the PET nanofiber membrane is 4.1-4.5 microns;
(2) the preparation method comprises the steps of dipping and coating the polyvinyl butyral and the SiO 2 Coating the dipping liquid of the nano particles on a PET nano fiber film to prepare SiO 2 -PET dip-coating a fibrous membrane;
(3) will be a plurality ofLayer SiO 2 And (3) laminating and compounding the PET dip-coated fiber film by adopting 0.5% PVB ethanol solution, and drying after bonding to obtain the lightweight soundproof cloth.
Preferably, the solvent of the dip-coating liquid is absolute ethyl alcohol, the polyvinyl butyral ester accounts for 0.5% of the total weight of the dip-coating liquid, and the SiO is 2 The nano particles account for 0.5-1% of the total weight of the dip-coating liquid, and the SiO is 2 The particle size of the nanoparticles is 9-50 nm.
Preferably, the SiO is 2 The preparation steps of the PET dip-coated fibrous film body are as follows:
(a) preparing dip-coating liquid, firstly, a certain quantity of SiO 2 Pouring the nano particles into weighed absolute ethyl alcohol, sealing and stirring for 10min, and then placing into an ultrasonic instrument for treatment for 30min to uniformly disperse the particles; then adding the weighed PVB with the concentration of 0.5 percent, and stirring for 12 hours in a sealed way;
(b) soaking the PET nano-fiber film in the dip-coating solution for 2min, taking out the PET nano-fiber film by using a pair of tweezers, drying the PET nano-fiber film in the air, and then putting the PET nano-fiber film into a vacuum oven for processing at 40 ℃ for 2.5h to obtain SiO 2 -PET dip-coating a fibrous membrane;
preferably, the concentration of the PET spinning solution is 18%, and the preparation process comprises the following steps: weighing 41g of DMF solution, putting the solution into a wide-mouth bottle, and stirring the solution on a magnetic stirrer; and weighing 9g of PET particles, respectively pouring the PET particles into the DMF solution, slowly pouring the PET particles under rapid stirring, and after the PET particles are stable, adjusting the speed to a proper speed and stirring the mixture for 12 hours to obtain the PET particles.
Preferably, the processing parameters of the electrostatic spinning machine for processing the PET nanofiber membrane are as follows: the voltage is 30kV, the sliding table speed is 100cm/min, the rotating speed of the roller is 50rpm, the perfusion speed is 3mL/h, the receiving distance is 20cm, the temperature is 20 +/-5 ℃, and the time is 3 h.
Preferably, the SiO 2 The number of layers of the PET dip-coating fiber film is 10-15.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the PET fibers are in a porous shape by changing condition parameters during electrostatic spinning, the nano-scale micropores in the PET fibers and the micron-scale pores formed by fiber interweaving form a two-stage pore mechanism, the structure is similar to a sound-absorbing wedge structure, when sound waves pass through the two-stage pore mechanism, the sound wave capacity is greatly reduced, and the sound absorption capacity of the material is effectively improved under the condition that the thickness of the material is not increased. The coating liquid can coat and hang nanometer silica granule on PET nanofiber surface, increases the roughness on fiber surface, increases the scattering of sound wave, and the cooperation hole mechanism reduces the penetrability of noise by a wide margin, promotes the effect of giving sound insulation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an electrospinning device;
FIG. 2 is an SEM topography of PET nanofibers spun at 45 + -5% humidity.
Detailed Description
The following examples are included to provide further detailed description of the present invention and to provide those skilled in the art with a more complete, concise, and exact understanding of the principles and spirit of the invention.
Example 1: the electrostatic spinning device used in the invention mainly comprises a high-voltage power supply (the voltage regulation range is 0-30kV, 10 nozzles can be installed on a micro-injection pump, the diameter of the used syringe needle is 0.4mm, the roller receiving device (the rotation speed regulation range is 0-200r/min, the length of the roller is 60cm, and the reciprocating sliding table device (the moving speed range is 0-20 ℃ m/min)) is shown in figure 1.
The invention selects polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with mature electrostatic spinning process as solute and DMF as solvent to prepare polyester fiber by spinning, so as to obtain PET nano fiber membrane with good form, and selects gas phase SiO with particle size of 9-50 nm 2 The surface of the obtained PET nanofiber membrane is modified by the nano particles through blending and coating methods respectively to obtain a hybrid fiber membrane with small pore diameter and rough surface, so that the nanofiber material with good sound absorption performance is obtained.
(1) Preparation of PET nanofiber membrane with different humidities
The humidity can influence the surface appearance and bulkiness of the fiber, so that the spinning is carried out by adjusting different environmental humidities during spinning, the process parameters are shown in table 1, and the specific preparation process is as follows:
TABLE 1 Electrostatic spinning machine Process parameters for processing PET nanofiber membranes
Respectively weighing 3 parts of 41g of DMF solution, putting the solution into a wide-mouth bottle with the capacity of 50mL, and stirring the solution on a magnetic stirrer; respectively weighing 3 parts of 9g of PET particles, respectively pouring the PET particles into a DMF solution, slowly pouring the PET particles under rapid stirring, adjusting the speed to be proper after the PET particles are stable, stirring the mixture for 12 hours, spinning the mixture under different humidity conditions after the PET particles are dissolved, (10 +/-5%, 20 +/-5%, 35 +/-5%, 45 +/-5%, 55 +/-5%, 65 +/-5% and 95 +/-5% of the mixture are spun under the humidity conditions respectively, treating the formed fiber membrane in a vacuum oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 2.5 hours to remove residual solvent to obtain the PET nanofiber membrane, wherein the fiber membrane spun by the electrostatic spinning technology of the PET polymer has a fluffy structure, and a large number of micropores (shown in figure 2) are formed in the PET fibers, so that the requirements of the sound absorbing material are met.
(2) Mixing polyvinyl butyral (PVB) with SiO by dip-coating 2 Coating the dip-coating liquid of the nano particles on 18 percent of PET nano fiber film to prepare SiO with different fiber morphologies 2 -PET dip-coating of a fibrous membrane, the specific steps being as follows:
(a) preparing dip-coating liquid, wherein the solvent is absolute ethyl alcohol, and the solute is gas-phase SiO 2 Nanoparticles and PVB, SiO 2 The nano particles account for 1 percent of the total dip-coating liquid weight, the PVB accounts for 0.5 percent of the total dip-coating liquid weight, the PVB plays a role in bonding, and a certain amount of SiO is firstly prepared 2 Pouring the nano particles into weighed absolute ethyl alcohol, sealing and stirring for 10min, and then placing into an ultrasonic instrument for treatment for 30min to uniformly disperse the particles; then adding the weighed PVB with the concentration of 0.5 percent, and stirring for 12 hours in a sealed way;
(b) 4 identical square PET nanofiber films of 20X 20cm were impregnated at different concentrations of PVB/SiO 2 Dissolving in the solution for 2min, taking out the fiber membrane with tweezers, air drying, and treating in a vacuum oven at 40 deg.C for 2.5 hr to obtain SiO 2 -PET dip-coating a fibrous membrane;
(3) mixing SiO 2 Laminating and compounding the PET dip-coating fiber film by adopting 0.5 percent PVB ethanol solution, and obtaining the PET dip-coating fiber film with 10 repeatedly bonded layersLightweight soundproof cloth.
Determination of Single-layer SiO 2 Pore size and other parameters of PET dip-coated fibrous membranes, the results are as follows:
TABLE 2 SiO 2 Basic parameters and mean pore diameter of PET Dip-coated fibrous membranes
Table 2 shows that the increase of the ambient humidity significantly increases the average thickness of the fiber membrane, and the fiber diameter gradually increases with the increase of the ambient humidity, and the average diameter thereof increases from 1.14 to 2.28 μm. The increase of the fiber diameter macroscopically increases the thickness of the single-layer fiber membrane, but the amplitude is smaller, the area density is reduced along with the increase of the volume of the porous fiber, but the amplitude is smaller, and meanwhile, the environmental humidity hardly influences the pore diameter of micron-sized pores generated by interweaving among the fibers.
Under certain spinning conditions, the humidity influences the property of a medium around the jet flow, particularly the compatibility with a solvent, further influences the volatilization of the solvent, and finally influences the surface appearance of the fiber. From SEM, it can be seen that there are a large number of micropores on the surface of the fiber, which are generated by the volatilization of the solvent during the formation of the jet, and are related to the properties of the solvent and the polymer; in addition, the jet flow is not stretched enough under the external electric field drafting, so that the internal structure of the fiber is not compact, and a large number of holes are formed on the surface of the fiber, and the increase of the humidity inhibits the volatilization of DMF, so that the jet flow is not stretched enough, and the internal structure of the fiber is influenced, thereby forming a larger and more hole structure.
In the actual spinning process, the fiber film formed under the condition that the humidity is more than 65 +/-5 percent has poor bulkiness and difficult fiber receiving, so that the finally formed film has a small thickness. Its thickness, areal density, maximum pore size, minimum pore size and average pore size are all poor. This further shows that under certain conditions, the tight arrangement of the fiber structure and the small pore size are beneficial to the improvement of the sound absorption performance.
In the invention, a SW series impedance tube test system of Beijing prestige company is adopted for testing the sound absorption performance of a sample, the test is carried out according to GBT 18696.2-2002 '2 nd part of measurement of sound absorption coefficient and sound impedance in an acoustic impedance tube, namely a transfer function method', the frequency band corresponding to the SW477 type impedance tube is 1000-6300 Hz, the frequency band corresponding to the SW422 type impedance tube is 63-500 Hz (the position of a microphone is connected by 0-2) and 250-1600 Hz (the position of the microphone is connected by 1-2), each sample is tested for 3 times, the position of the microphone needs to be exchanged to be tested again to eliminate the phase difference during each test, the depth of a cavity is 25mm, and finally, data are output according to 1/3 octave. The relatively sensitive sound frequency range of people in daily life is 250-2000 Hz, so the sound absorption performance of the fiber film in the frequency range of 100-2500 Hz is mainly researched, and the corresponding 1/3 octaves are 100, 200, 400, 500, 630, 800, 1000, 1250, 1600, 2000 and 2500 Hz.
TABLE 3 influence of the spinning environment humidity on the sound absorption coefficient of the fibrous membranes
The results in Table 3 show that too little humidity results in poor fiber bulk, fewer micropores, and a significant reduction in the sound absorption coefficient at the same frequency. When the humidity is too high, the density of the fiber film is reduced, and the sound absorption coefficient is greatly reduced.
Example 2: the rest is the same as example 1 except that:
setting the environmental humidity in the step (1) as 50 +/-5%;
preparing 4 kinds of dip-coating liquid, in which the solvent is absolute ethyl alcohol and the solute is gas-phase SiO 2 Nanoparticles and PVB, SiO 2 The nano particles account for 0.1 percent, 0.5 percent, 1 percent and 2 percent of the total dip-coating liquid weight, the PVB accounts for 0.5 percent of the total dip-coating liquid weight, the PVB plays a role in bonding, and a certain amount of SiO is firstly prepared 2 Adding the nanoparticles into anhydrous ethanol, stirring under sealed condition for 10min, and addingTreating in an ultrasonic instrument for 30min to disperse the particles uniformly; then adding the weighed PVB with the concentration of 0.5 percent, and stirring for 12 hours in a sealed way;
step (3) SiO 2 And (3) laminating and compounding the PET dip-coated fiber film by adopting 0.5% PVB ethanol solution, wherein the number of repeatedly bonded layers is 15, and thus the lightweight soundproof cloth is obtained.
TABLE 4 influence of surface roughness on sound absorption coefficient
Table 4 results show that SiO in the coating solution 2 Excessive addition of the nanoparticles can cause particle agglomeration, the particles cannot be uniformly adhered to the surfaces of the fibers, pores among the fibers are easily blocked, the density of the fiber film is increased, and the sound absorption coefficient is greatly reduced. SiO 2 2 The addition of the nano particles is too little, the change of the surface roughness is small, the change of the generated sound absorption coefficient is extremely small, and the influence on the sound insulation effect is small. Thus root-note action with SiO 2 The bonding mode of the nano particles and the PET nano fiber film, the surface roughness of the fiber film and the like.
Comparative example 1: the same thickness of 3.5mm and the surface density of 90g/m are adopted 2 The PET polyester fiber non-woven fabric is used as a control group for subsequent performance test.
Preparation of SiO with optimum Condition parameters 2 -PET dip-coating of fibrous films (SiO) 2 Nano-particle content of 1%, humidity of 50 +/-5%, composite layer number of 15 layers) and preparing the SiO prepared by the method 2 PET dip-coated fibrous membranes and the lightweight acoustic cloth of comparative example 1 were subjected to sound absorption performance testing and characterization:
TABLE 5 Sound absorption Performance testing and characterization of lightweight acoustic cloth
Thickness is close with areal density, compares with the porous sound absorbing material of fibre, and ordinary non-woven fabrics sound absorption sound insulation effect is relatively poor, and the reason that this phenomenon appears probably is that PET fibrous structure is more fluffy, and thickness is great, makes its bulk density great lead to the fibrous structure compactness when areal density is similar, and the hole passageway increases, and the fibre surface is crude in addition to the loss to the sound wave is more. This further illustrates that sound loss is a complex process and that fiber structure is an important parameter affecting its performance.
In conclusion, the PET polymer with mature spinning process is selected as a main research object, the PET nano-fiber membrane with fluffy fiber appearance and small diameter is prepared by reasonably adjusting spinning conditions, and SiO with the particle size of 9-50 nm is utilized 2 The particles are subjected to roughness modification on the surface of the PET fiber membrane in a dipping-coating mode, and the reasons for the change of the sound absorption performance of the modified hybrid fiber membrane are analyzed and compared through SEM, pore size distribution and the like, so that a nanofiber material with good sound absorption performance is constructed, the reasons for the change of the sound absorption performance are analyzed, and further optimization of the performance of the fiber membrane is realized.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea proposed by the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention; the technology not related to the invention can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (5)
1. A processing technology of lightweight soundproof cloth is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) preparing a PET nanofiber membrane: firstly, preparing a PET spinning solution, wherein a solvent is dimethylformamide, spinning polyester fibers by using an electrostatic spinning machine, controlling the environmental humidity to be 20-50% and the temperature to be 20 +/-5 ℃ during spinning, and treating the prepared fiber membrane in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 2.5 hours to remove the residual solvent to obtain a single-layer PET nanofiber membrane; the PET nanofiber membrane is composed of loose and porous PET fibers, and the average pore diameter of the PET nanofiber membrane is 4.1-4.5 microns;
(2) the preparation method comprises the steps of dipping and coating the polyvinyl butyral and the SiO 2 Coating the dipping liquid of the nano particles on PET nano fibersOn a film to prepare SiO 2 -PET dip-coating a fibrous membrane;
(3) several layers of SiO 2 Laminating and compounding the PET dip-coated fiber film by adopting 0.5% PVB ethanol solution, and drying after bonding to obtain the lightweight soundproof cloth;
the solvent of the dip-coating liquid is absolute ethyl alcohol, the polyvinyl butyral accounts for 0.5 percent of the total weight of the dip-coating liquid, and the SiO is 2 The nano particles account for 0.5-1% of the total weight of the dip-coating liquid, and the SiO is 2 The particle size of the nanoparticles is 9-50 nm.
2. The process for manufacturing a lightweight soundproof cloth according to claim 1, wherein the SiO is 2 The preparation steps of the PET dip-coated fibrous film body are as follows:
(a) preparing dip-coating liquid, firstly, a certain quantity of SiO 2 Pouring the nano particles into weighed absolute ethyl alcohol, sealing and stirring for 10min, and then placing into an ultrasonic instrument for treatment for 30min to uniformly disperse the particles; then adding the weighed PVB with the concentration of 0.5 percent, and stirring for 12 hours in a sealed way;
(b) soaking the PET nano-fiber film in the dip-coating liquid for 2min, taking out the PET nano-fiber film by using a pair of tweezers, airing, and then placing the PET nano-fiber film in a vacuum oven for processing for 2.5h at 40 ℃ to obtain SiO 2 PET dip-coating of fibrous membranes.
3. The processing technology of the lightweight soundproof cloth according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concentration of the PET spinning solution is 18%, and the preparation process comprises the following steps: weighing 41g of DMF solution, putting the solution into a wide-mouth bottle, and stirring the solution on a magnetic stirrer; and weighing 9g of PET particles, respectively pouring the PET particles into the DMF solution, slowly pouring the PET particles under rapid stirring, and after the PET particles are stable, adjusting the speed to a proper speed and stirring the mixture for 12 hours to obtain the PET particles.
4. The processing technology of the lightweight soundproof cloth according to claim 1, characterized in that: the technological parameters of the electrostatic spinning machine for processing the PET nanofiber membrane are as follows: the voltage is 30kV, the sliding table speed is 100cm/min, the rotating speed of the roller is 50rpm, the perfusion speed is 3mL/h, the receiving distance is 20cm, the temperature is 20 +/-5 ℃, and the time is 3 h.
5. The processing technology of the lightweight soundproof cloth according to claim 4, characterized in that: the SiO 2 The number of layers of the PET dip-coating fiber film is 10-15.
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Denomination of invention: A processing technology for lightweight soundproof cloth Granted publication date: 20220930 Pledgee: Wuhu Yangzi rural commercial bank Limited by Share Ltd. Pledgor: WUHU SHANGWEI AUTO ACCESSORIES Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2024980046108 |