CN112661372A - Household garbage, kitchen garbage, municipal excrement and municipal sludge co-treatment method - Google Patents
Household garbage, kitchen garbage, municipal excrement and municipal sludge co-treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/78—Recycling of wood or furniture waste
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Abstract
A method for cooperatively treating domestic garbage, kitchen garbage, municipal excrement and sludge comprises the steps of stabilizing biodegradable components in the domestic garbage and organic garbage by utilizing a biotechnology (aerobic fermentation), converting about 95% of degradable TOC and 86% of non-cellulose carbohydrate, and reducing water content by utilizing heat in the degradation process of organic matters to realize a biological drying effect. Valuable resource substances (metal and plastic) in the garbage are sorted out for recycling by utilizing a mechanical treatment technology, inert non-combustible materials such as sand, glass and the like are made into building materials, and residual paper, wood, organic biomass and the like are made into stable high-quality fuel (RDF) for utilization, so that the effects of recycling and reducing the garbage are realized. After the domestic waste, the kitchen waste, the municipal excrement and the sludge are subjected to synergistic treatment, the recycling rate reaches 50%, and the recycling products comprise crude grease, methane and RDF; is suitable for being used as a novel garbage collection, transportation and treatment system in medium and small cities.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solid waste treatment method, in particular to a method for cooperatively treating household garbage, kitchen garbage, municipal excrement and municipal sludge.
Background
To benefit from economies of scale, municipal solid waste treatment plants using conventional grate furnaces as combustion systems tend to be larger and larger in scale. The major reasons for disposing the garbage in non-normalized modes such as simple on-site landfill or near open-air incineration and the like are that the capital is relatively short, and the capital which can be used for garbage disposal is less; secondly, the population density is low, the per-capita garbage production amount is low, more than 600 counties with the number of 30 million people in China are provided, the garbage amount in the counties is less than 300 tons/day, particularly more than 600 counties with the number of 30 million people are provided, the garbage amount in the counties is less than 300 tons/day, the scale effect of incineration power generation cannot be achieved, and the investment in plant construction is difficult; thirdly, the distance from centralized large-scale garbage disposal facilities is far, the transportation cost is high, and the risk of secondary pollution is high. Meanwhile, the production amount of kitchen waste, municipal excrement and sludge in the areas is insufficient to support and build independent and complete treatment facilities. Therefore, a treatment technology which can approach the garbage source, is used for the synergistic and resource treatment of multiple solid wastes and has good economic benefit is urgently needed in small and medium-sized counties.
Chinese patent CN102887736B discloses a method for processing kitchen waste and sludge and household waste in the same machine to produce special fertilizer, which comprises the steps of adding crushed slurry of kitchen waste which is sorted out non-degradable substances and a proper amount of water from a feed inlet of a refining beater in a water adding mode when the organic matters of the household waste enter the beating machine, mixing the two wastes to prepare fine homogenate, and adding and uniformly stirring the sludge; removing heavy metals, decomposing dioxin, carrying out deep anaerobic fermentation of microorganisms, dewatering, mixing with bacteria, blending materials, carrying out high-temperature mineralization reaction fermentation to obtain a raw fertilizer, and producing the microbial organic fertilizer by adopting a double-coordination production process.
The problem is that the domestic garbage is complex in components, large in plastic content, large in organic impurities and containing a certain amount of metal, the organic fertilizer using the domestic garbage as a raw material has the risks of exceeding the standard of heavy metal zinc, avian influenza virus, soil pollution and the like, and the domestic garbage is proposed as a forbidden raw material in commercial organic fertilizer NY 525 (survey manuscript) published by Ministry of agriculture in 2020 and 7 months. In addition, the process increases the water content of the household garbage from 60% to more than 80%, water needs to be added according to the ratio of 1:1, although the kitchen garbage can replace the added water, a large amount of water resources still need to be added additionally due to small amount, and meanwhile, a large amount of sewage which is difficult to treat is generated in the extruding and drying processes, and the sewage treatment cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the invention provides a method for cooperatively treating household garbage, kitchen garbage, municipal excrement and municipal sludge, the household garbage, the kitchen garbage, the municipal excrement and the municipal sludge are cooperatively treated, the recycling rate reaches 50%, and the recycling products comprise crude grease, methane and RDF (refuse derived fuel); the RDF product has a calorific value of more than 2500kcal/kg, is similar to common exhausted coal, has the characteristics of high calorific value, stable combustion, easy transportation, easy storage, low secondary pollution and low discharge of dioxin substances, has low cost, can be used as fossil alternative fuel for a cement kiln, a coal-fired power plant or an industrial boiler, and can also be sent to a centralized large-scale incineration power plant or landfill for treatment, and is adjusted according to local economic and ecological states. Is suitable for being used as a novel garbage collection, transportation and treatment system in medium and small cities.
According to the invention, the household garbage, the kitchen garbage, the municipal excrement and the sludge are finally converted into biogas, RDF and grease products, so that the cooperative treatment and recycling of various organic solid wastes are realized.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is that the method for cooperatively treating the household garbage, the kitchen garbage, the municipal excrement and the municipal sludge is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps: step 1, mixing and crushing, step 2, biological drying, step 3, and mechanical preparation of RDF;
the step 1 of mixing and crushing sequentially comprises the following steps:
1.1, unloading the household garbage and the municipal sludge to a garbage pool through a garbage conveying vehicle for garbage stacking 1;
meanwhile, after the kitchen waste is pretreated by 12, large materials enter a waste pool to be stacked by 1;
meanwhile, after the municipal excrement is subjected to solid-liquid separation 11, the solid slag enters a garbage pool to be subjected to garbage stacking 1;
meanwhile, solid residues generated in the anaerobic fermentation 13 enter a garbage pool to be stacked 1;
1.2, uniformly mixing materials in the garbage pool through a grab bucket arranged at the upper end of the garbage pool;
1.3, feeding the mixed material into a crusher for coarse crushing 2 by a grab bucket, crushing the mixed material to be less than 120mm, and feeding the material into a buffer pool 3 for temporary storage;
the step 2 of biological drying comprises the following steps:
2.1, uniformly distributing the mixed material in the cache tank in a drying bin for biological drying 4, and after the mixed material stays in the drying bin for 6-7 days, reducing the water content of the garbage in the bin to 30% from 50-65% of the water content when the garbage enters the drying bin;
the step 3 of preparing the RDF by mechanical treatment comprises the following steps:
3.1, conveying the decomposed garbage in the drying bin to a belt by a discharge step feeder, conveying the garbage to a screening machine with 30mm sieve pores through the belt for screening 5,
3.2, delivering oversize materials of the sieving machine to a subsequent magnetic separator through a belt conveyor for magnetic separation 6, separating iron substances, performing gravity separation 7 on residual materials through a gravity separation device,
3.3, separating heavy substances such as sand and stone by gravity separation 7, feeding the residual materials into a fine crusher for fine crushing 8,
3.4, crushing the materials to be less than 30mm by a fine crusher, and finally extruding and forming 9 (columnar or spherical) garbage derived fuel RDF by a forming machine;
after the kitchen waste is pretreated 12, the slurry is sequentially subjected to anaerobic fermentation 13, solid-liquid separation 14 and sewage treatment 15, and finally the produced concentrated solution returns to a biological drying bin for biological drying 4, so that the produced water is discharged in an environment-friendly manner;
in the anaerobic fermentation 13 process, the generated biogas is used for a biogas boiler 16 or biogas power generation 17;
biogas residues generated in the solid-liquid separation 14 process enter the garbage pool to be stacked 1;
during the municipal fecal solid-liquid separation 11, the resulting aqueous phase enters the anaerobic fermentation 13.
The pretreatment 12 of the kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
1.1.1, firstly receiving the kitchen waste by a material receiving machine 12.1, and then conveying the kitchen waste to a large substance sorting machine by a screw conveyor for sorting the large substance 12.2;
1.1.2, sorting large materials 12.2 to separate large materials with the particle size of more than 60mm from the kitchen waste, wherein the large materials mainly comprise sundries such as large metal blocks, ceramic chips, glass bottles, plastic bags and the like, the large materials enter a waste pool, and the rest organic slurry is squeezed and dehydrated 12.3;
1.1.3, after squeezing and dewatering for 12.3, feeding the solid slag into a garbage pool for garbage stacking 1, and feeding the organic slurry into a leachate temporary storage pool for leachate temporary storage for 12.4;
1.1.4, after the leachate is temporarily stored for 12.4, carrying out sand removal and impurity removal on the organic slurry for 12.5, wherein heavy substances (shells, glass, sand, and the like) enter a garbage pool, and the rest organic slurry enters a slurry heating tank for slurry heating for 12.6;
1.1.5, in the process of heating the slurry to 12.6, heating the slurry to 85-90 ℃, pumping the slurry into a centrifuge for three-phase separation 12.7 after temperature rise, and separating materials in three states: water phase, solid phase and crude oil; the crude oil can be used as biodiesel raw material; the solid phase enters a garbage pool, and the water phase enters CSTR anaerobic fermentation 13;
in the step 1.1.1 of the pretreatment 12, leachate generated when the material is received 12.1 enters a leachate temporary storage 12.4;
in step 1.1.5 of pretreatment 12, heating steam for slurry heating 12.6 comes from the biogas boiler 16;
preferably, in the biological drying step, one part of the generated waste gas is conveyed to an odor treatment system through a pipeline for odor treatment, and the other part of the generated waste gas flows back to the drying bin to participate in biological reaction.
Preferably, in the biological drying step, the generated leachate enters the sewage treatment 15, and the concentrated solution generated after the sewage treatment 15 is sprayed back to the drying bin for biological drying 4 without transportation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for cooperatively treating household garbage, kitchen garbage, municipal excrement and municipal sludge, which utilizes biotechnology (aerobic fermentation) to stabilize biodegradable components in the household garbage and organic garbage, approximately 95 percent of degradable TOC and 86 percent of non-cellulose carbohydrate are converted, and simultaneously utilizes heat in the degradation process of organic matters to reduce water content and realize the effect of biological drying. Valuable resource substances (metal and plastic) in the garbage are sorted out for recycling by utilizing a mechanical treatment technology, inert non-combustible materials such as sand, glass and the like are made into building materials, and residual paper, wood, organic biomass and the like are made into stable high-quality fuel (RDF) for utilization, so that the effects of recycling and reducing the garbage are realized. After the domestic waste, the kitchen waste, the municipal excrement and the sludge are subjected to synergistic treatment, the recycling rate reaches 50%, and the recycling products comprise crude grease, methane and RDF; the RDF product has a calorific value of more than 2500kcal/kg, is similar to common exhausted coal, has the characteristics of high calorific value, stable combustion, easy transportation, easy storage, low secondary pollution and low discharge of dioxin substances, has low cost, can be used as fossil alternative fuel for a cement kiln, a coal-fired power plant or an industrial boiler, and can also be sent to a centralized large-scale incineration power plant or landfill for treatment, and is adjusted according to local economic and ecological states. Is suitable for being used as a novel garbage collection, transportation and treatment system in medium and small cities.
Drawings
Fig. 1 and 2 are process flow diagrams of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 and 2 are process flow diagrams of an embodiment of the present invention. The figure shows that in the embodiment, the method for cooperatively treating the household garbage, the kitchen garbage, the municipal excrement and the municipal sludge sequentially comprises the following steps: step 1, mixing and crushing, step 2, biological drying, step 3, and mechanical preparation of RDF; also comprises a sewage treatment step.
The step 1 of mixing and crushing sequentially comprises the following steps:
1.1. unloading the household garbage and the municipal sludge to a garbage pool through a garbage conveying vehicle for garbage stacking 1;
meanwhile, after the kitchen waste is pretreated by 12, large materials enter a waste pool to be stacked by 1;
meanwhile, after the municipal excrement is subjected to solid-liquid separation 11, the solid slag enters a garbage pool to be subjected to garbage stacking 1;
meanwhile, solid residues generated in the anaerobic fermentation 13 enter a garbage pool to be stacked 1;
1.2. uniformly mixing materials in the garbage pool through a grab bucket arranged at the upper end of the garbage pool;
1.3. the grab bucket sends the mixed material into a crusher for coarse crushing 2, crushes the mixed material to be less than 120mm, and sends the mixed material into a buffer pool 3 for temporary storage.
The step 2 of biological drying comprises the following steps:
2.1, uniformly distributing the mixed material of the cache tank in a drying bin for biological drying 4, and after the mixed material stays in the drying bin for 6 to 7 days, reducing the water content of the garbage in the bin to 30 percent from 50 to 65 percent of the water content when the garbage enters the drying bin;
the step 3 of preparing the RDF by mechanical treatment comprises the following steps:
3.1. transmitting the decomposed garbage in the drying bin to a belt by a discharge stepping feeder, conveying the garbage to a screening machine with 30mm sieve pores through the belt for screening 5,
3.2. oversize materials of the sieving machine are sent to a subsequent magnetic separator through a belt conveyor for magnetic separation 6, iron materials are separated, the rest materials are subjected to gravity separation 7 through a gravity separation device,
3.3. gravity separation 7 separates sand and stone and other heavy materials, and the rest materials enter a fine crusher to be finely crushed 8.
3.4. The fine crusher crushes the materials to be less than 30mm, and finally the forming machine extrudes 9 (columnar or spherical) garbage derived fuel RDF.
After the kitchen waste is pretreated 12, the slurry is sequentially subjected to anaerobic fermentation 13, solid-liquid separation 14 and sewage treatment 15, and finally the produced concentrated solution returns to a biological drying bin for biological drying 4, so that the produced water is discharged in an environment-friendly manner;
in the anaerobic fermentation 13 process, the generated biogas is used for a biogas boiler 16 or biogas power generation 17;
biogas residues generated in the solid-liquid separation 14 process enter the garbage pool to be stacked 1;
during the municipal fecal solid-liquid separation 11, the resulting aqueous phase enters the anaerobic fermentation 13.
Fig. 2 shows that, in this example, the pretreatment 12 of the kitchen waste sequentially includes:
1.1.1. the kitchen waste is firstly received by a material receiving device 12.1 and then conveyed to a big material sorting machine through a spiral conveyor to be sorted by big materials 12.2;
1.1.2. separating large materials with the particle size of more than 60mm from the kitchen waste by large material sorting 12.2, wherein the large materials mainly comprise sundries such as large metal blocks, ceramic chips, glass bottles, plastic bags and the like, entering a waste pool, and squeezing and dehydrating the remaining organic slurry 12.3;
1.1.3. after 12.3 of squeezing and dewatering, the solid slag enters a garbage pool for garbage stacking 1, and the organic slurry enters a leachate temporary storage pool for leachate temporary storage 12.4;
1.1.4. after the leaching liquor is temporarily stored for 12.4, the organic slurry is subjected to sand removal and impurity removal for 12.5, wherein heavy substances (shells, glass, sand, etc.) enter a garbage pool, and the remaining organic slurry enters a slurry heating tank for slurry heating for 12.6;
1.1.5. in the slurry heating process of 12.6, the slurry is heated to 85-90 ℃, the slurry is sent to a centrifuge by a pump after the temperature is raised for three-phase separation 12.7, and materials in three states are separated: water phase, solid phase and crude oil; the crude oil can be used as biodiesel raw material; the solid phase enters a garbage pool, and the water phase enters CSTR anaerobic fermentation 13;
FIG. 2 shows that in step 1 of the pretreatment 12, leachate produced during the receiving of the material 12.1 enters a leachate holding tank 12.4;
figure 2 shows that in step 5 of the pre-treatment 12, the heating steam for slurry heating 12.6 comes from the biogas boiler 16.
The invention indicates that in the step 4 of biological drying, one part of the generated waste gas is conveyed to an odor treatment system 10 through a pipeline for odor treatment, and the other part of the generated waste gas flows back to a drying bin to participate in the reaction of biological drying 4.
The invention prompts that in the step of biological drying 4, the generated percolate enters the sewage treatment 15, and meanwhile, the concentrated solution generated by the sewage treatment 15 is sprayed back to the drying bin for biomass drying 4 without external transportation.
Claims (6)
1. A household garbage, kitchen garbage, municipal excrement and sludge co-processing method is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps: step 1, mixing and crushing, step 2, biological drying, step 3, and mechanical preparation of RDF;
the step 1 of mixing and crushing sequentially comprises the following steps:
1.1, unloading the domestic garbage and the municipal sludge to a garbage pool for garbage stacking through a garbage transport vehicle (1),
meanwhile, after the kitchen waste is pretreated (12), large materials enter a waste pool to be stacked (1),
meanwhile, after the solid-liquid separation (11) of the municipal excrement, the solid slag enters a garbage pool to be stacked 1,
meanwhile, solid slag generated in the anaerobic fermentation step enters a garbage pool for garbage stacking (1),
1.2, uniformly mixing the materials in the garbage pool through a grab bucket arranged at the upper end of the garbage pool,
1.3, feeding the mixed material into a crusher for coarse crushing (2) by a grab bucket, crushing the mixed material to be less than 120mm, and feeding the material into a buffer pool (3) for temporary storage;
the step 2 of biological drying comprises the following steps:
2.1, uniformly distributing the mixed material in the cache tank (3) in a drying bin for biological drying (4), and after the mixed material stays in the drying bin for 6-7 days, reducing the water content of the garbage in the bin from 50-65% of the water content in the entering bin to 30%;
the step 3 of preparing the RDF by mechanical treatment comprises the following steps:
3.1, conveying the decomposed garbage in the drying bin to a belt by a discharge step feeder, conveying the garbage to a screening machine with 30mm sieve pores through the belt for screening (5),
3.2, delivering oversize materials of the sieving machine into a subsequent magnetic separator through a belt conveyor for magnetic separation (6), separating iron substances, performing gravity separation on residual materials through a gravity separation device (7),
3.3, gravity separation (7) to separate heavy materials such as sand and stone, and the like, the residual materials enter a fine crusher to be finely crushed (8),
3.4, crushing the materials to be less than 30mm by using a fine crusher, and finally extruding the materials into columnar or spherical refuse derived fuel RDF by using a forming machine;
after the kitchen waste is pretreated (12), the slurry is sequentially subjected to anaerobic fermentation (13), solid-liquid separation (14) and sewage treatment (15), and finally the produced concentrated solution returns to a biological drying bin to be subjected to biological drying (4), so that the produced water is discharged in an environment-friendly manner;
during the anaerobic fermentation (13), the produced biogas is used for a biogas boiler (16) or biogas power generation (17);
in the solid-liquid separation (14), the generated biogas residues enter the garbage pool to be stacked (1);
during the solid-liquid separation (11) of the municipal faeces, the produced aqueous phase enters the anaerobic fermentation (13).
2. The method for the cooperative treatment of household garbage, kitchen garbage, municipal excrement and sludge according to claim 1, wherein the pretreatment (12) of the kitchen garbage comprises the following steps:
1.1.1, firstly receiving the kitchen waste by a material receiving device (12.1), and then conveying the kitchen waste to a large substance sorting machine by a screw conveyor to sort large substances (12.2);
1.1.2, sorting (12.2) large materials with the particle size of more than 60mm from the kitchen waste, wherein the large materials mainly comprise sundries such as large metal blocks, ceramic chips, glass bottles, plastic bags and the like, the large materials enter a waste pool, and the rest organic slurry is squeezed and dehydrated (12.3);
1.1.3, pressing and dehydrating (12.3), wherein solid residues enter a garbage pool for garbage stacking 1, and organic slurry enters a leaching solution temporary storage pool for leaching solution temporary storage (12.4);
1.1.4, after temporary storage (12.4), carrying out sand removal and impurity removal (12.5) on the organic slurry, wherein heavy substances (shells, glass, sand, and the like) enter a garbage pool, and the rest organic slurry enters a slurry heating tank for slurry heating (12.6);
1.1.5, in the slurry heating (12.6) process, heating the slurry to 85-90 ℃, pumping the slurry into a centrifuge for three-phase separation (12.7) after temperature rise, and separating three states of materials: water phase, solid phase and crude oil; the crude oil can be used as biodiesel raw material; the solid phase enters a garbage pool, and the water phase enters a CSTR for anaerobic fermentation (13).
3. The method for the synergistic treatment of household garbage, kitchen garbage, municipal excrement and sludge according to claim 2, characterized in that in the 1.1.1 step of the pretreatment (12), the leachate generated during the material receiving (12.1) enters the leachate temporary storage (12.4).
4. The method for the cooperative treatment of household garbage, kitchen garbage, municipal excrement and sludge according to claim 2, characterized in that in the 1.1.5 step of the pretreatment (12), the heating steam for heating the slurry (12.6) comes from the biogas boiler (16).
5. The cooperative treatment method for the household garbage, the kitchen garbage, the municipal excrement and the municipal sludge according to claim 1, wherein in the biological drying step, one part of generated odor is conveyed to an odor treatment system (10) through a pipeline for odor treatment, and the other part of generated odor flows back to a drying bin to participate in biological drying (4) reaction.
6. The cooperative treatment method for the household garbage, the kitchen garbage, the municipal excrement and the municipal sludge according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2 of biological drying, the generated percolate enters a sewage treatment chamber (15), and a concentrated solution generated after the sewage treatment chamber (15) is sprayed back to a drying chamber for biological drying (4) without external transportation.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113441525A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-09-28 | 湖南迪亚环境工程有限公司 | Comprehensive treatment system and method for kitchen waste |
| CN113877935A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-04 | 北京嘉博文生物科技有限公司 | Garbage recycling system and garbage recycling method |
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| CN115430686A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-12-06 | 广州奥克林餐厨降解设备有限公司 | Organic waste cooperative recycling treatment method and system |
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| CN113441525A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-09-28 | 湖南迪亚环境工程有限公司 | Comprehensive treatment system and method for kitchen waste |
| CN113877935A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-04 | 北京嘉博文生物科技有限公司 | Garbage recycling system and garbage recycling method |
| CN114031263A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-02-11 | 上海康恒环境股份有限公司 | Method and system for coprocessing excrement, sludge and household garbage |
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| CN114342880B (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2023-09-12 | 源创环境科技有限公司 | System and method for comprehensively treating classified wet garbage through biological recycling |
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| CN114891548A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-08-12 | 深圳能源环保股份有限公司 | Method for preparing biofuel from kitchen waste |
| CN115430686A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-12-06 | 广州奥克林餐厨降解设备有限公司 | Organic waste cooperative recycling treatment method and system |
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Application publication date: 20210416 |