CN112669802A - Sound absorption structure and sound absorption device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application provides a sound absorbing structure and sound absorbing device. The sound absorbing structure comprises a honeycomb array of helmholtz resonators, wherein each helmholtz resonator comprises: the housing is provided with a first side and a second side which are oppositely arranged, and the first side is provided with a micropore; the inserting pipe is arranged in the housing, connected with the first side and extended to the second side, the inserting pipe and the micropores are coaxial, and the aperture of the inserting pipe is equal to that of the micropores; the first sides of the housings jointly form a sound wave incident surface of the sound absorption structure, and the overall acoustic impedance of the Helmholtz resonator array is matched with that of air in a preset frequency band. The sound absorption structure can realize better sound absorption effect at a low frequency band, save space, reduce preparation cost and reduce environmental pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of silencer parts, in particular to a sound absorption structure and a sound absorption device.
Background
Conventional sound absorbing materials include porous sound absorbing materials. The sound absorption mechanism of the porous sound absorption material is as follows: when sound waves are incident on the porous sound absorbing material, air in the pores is caused to vibrate. A portion of the sound energy is converted into heat energy due to friction and viscous drag of air. In addition, heat conduction between the air in the pores and the walls and fibers of the pores also causes heat loss, which attenuates the sound energy. The porous sound absorption material has good sound absorption characteristics at medium and high frequencies, the sound absorption coefficient is increased along with the increase of the sound frequency, and the sound absorption coefficient alpha can reach 0.5-0.9 above 500 Hz.
However, conventional porous sound absorbing materials suffer from their own physical properties, with a thickness of at least one quarter of the sound wave. If the porous sound-absorbing material is used for eliminating low-frequency noise, the required thickness is also large, and further the cost is greatly increased. For example, the thickness of the porous sound-absorbing material is at least 1.5m for noise in the frequency band below 50 Hz.
In addition, the conventional porous sound-absorbing material has the following disadvantages according to the preparation material:
(1) the plastic foam porous material is easy to age and cannot be used in outdoor environment;
(2) the glass or rock fiber porous material is easy to be pulverized and lose efficacy under outdoor conditions, and carcinogenic clastic substances are easy to be generated;
(3) the foaming porous material can release toxic gas in the field construction stage.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide an improved sound absorption structure for solving the problems of high low-frequency noise elimination cost, short service life, and easy environmental pollution and health hazard in the preparation process of the conventional porous sound absorption material.
A sound absorbing structure comprising an array of helmholtz resonators, wherein each of the helmholtz resonators comprises:
the cover shell is provided with a first side and a second side which are oppositely arranged, and the first side is provided with a micropore; and the number of the first and second groups,
the cannula is arranged in the housing, connected with the first side and extended towards the second side, the cannula is coaxial with the micropore, and the aperture of the cannula is equal to that of the micropore;
the first sides of the housings form a sound wave incidence surface of the sound absorption structure together, and the overall acoustic impedance of the Helmholtz resonator array is matched with that of air in a preset frequency band.
According to the sound absorption structure, the whole acoustic impedance of the Helmholtz resonator array is matched with the acoustic impedance of air, so that the sound absorption structure is favorable for having a larger sound absorption coefficient, and further a better sound absorption effect is realized in a low-frequency section; and under the same low frequency sound absorption frequency band, the required installation space of above-mentioned sound absorbing structure is little, when arranging this type of sound absorbing structure, need not to arrange the cavity structure in addition, can save space greatly, reduces the preparation cost.
In one embodiment, the pore diameters of the micro-pores of each Helmholtz resonator are not all the same; and/or the cannula lengths of all Helmholtz resonators are not all the same.
In one embodiment, the pore size of each Helmholtz resonator is different; and/or the cannula length of each Helmholtz resonator is different.
In one embodiment, the first sides of the enclosures are in the same plane, and the overall acoustic impedance Z of the array of helmholtz resonators satisfies:
wherein Z isHHRepresenting the acoustic impedance of the helmholtz resonator and n representing the ordinal number of the helmholtz resonator.
In one embodiment, the acoustic impedance Z of the Helmholtz resonatorHHSatisfies the following conditions:
wherein A represents the area of the whole first side, SaDenotes an opening area of the micro-hole,/denotesa length of the cannula, L denotes a vertical distance from the first side to an inner surface of the second side, and VHHRepresenting the volume of the resonance cavity, ρ, of the Helmholtz resonatorcc、cccAnd kccRespectively representing the density, sound velocity and wave number, k, of air in the resonance chamberca、ΨvaAnd ΨhaRespectively represents wave number, viscosity term and thermal term of the cannula under narrow acoustics, gamma represents specific heat capacity of air, and deltaΩRepresenting an acoustic mass end correction term, τΩDenotes a correction factor, ω denotes an angular frequency, η denotes a viscosity coefficient of air, ρ0Denotes the density of air under natural conditions, c0Representing the speed of sound propagation in the ambient air.
In one embodiment, the housing comprises a top cover, a housing body and a bottom cover which are connected in sequence, the top cover is provided with the micropores and covers one side of the housing body, and the bottom cover covers one side of the housing body far away from the top cover; the cannula is connected to the top cover and extends toward the bottom cover.
In one embodiment, the cap and the cannula are integrally formed.
In one embodiment, the preset frequency range is 100Hz to 1000 Hz.
The present application further provides a sound absorbing device.
A sound absorbing device comprising a sound absorbing structure as described above.
Above-mentioned sound absorbing device can realize the elimination effect of preferred to the low band noise and can not occupy great space, and the preparation cost is also lower.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a Helmholtz resonator according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the helmholtz resonator of the embodiment shown in fig. 2.
The reference numerals of the various elements in the figures denote the following:
100. sound absorbing structure, 10, helmholtz resonator, 11, enclosure, 110, resonance chamber, 111, first side, 1110, micropore, 112, second side, 12, cannula.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. As used herein, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "circumferential," and the like are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings for ease of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
When the traditional porous sound absorption material is used for eliminating low-frequency noise, the occupied space volume is large, and the preparation cost is not reduced. In addition, the traditional porous sound absorption material is usually prepared from plastic foam, glass or rock fiber and foaming materials, so that the environment is easily polluted and the health of people is harmed.
The Helmholtz resonator is that its intracavity air can be regarded as the silencer spare of a "spring system", and when the frequency of incident sound wave was the same with the natural frequency of Helmholtz resonator, the intracavity air just can take place to resonate to can dissipate the sound wave energy through the friction of air, realize eliminating the noise. Furthermore, the helmholtz resonator has the characteristic of sub-wavelength sound absorption (i.e. the sound absorption frequency is not limited by the quarter-wave theory), and the sound absorption frequency of the helmholtz resonator is far higher than that of the traditional sound absorption material under the similar characteristic length.
To the shortcomings of conventional porous sound absorbing materials, the present application utilizes a helmholtz resonator array to design an improved sound absorbing structure 100.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the sound absorbing structure 100 includes a honeycomb-shaped array of helmholtz resonators, wherein each helmholtz resonator 10 includes: the cover 11 is provided with a first side 111 and a second side 112 which are oppositely arranged, and the first side 111 is provided with a micropore 1110; and a cannula 12, disposed inside the housing 11, connected to the first side 111 and extending towards the second side 112, the cannula 12 being coaxial with the micro-hole 1110, and the diameter of the cannula 12 being equal to the diameter of the micro-hole 1110; the first sides 111 of the enclosures 11 together form a sound wave incident surface of the sound absorbing structure 100, and the overall acoustic impedance of the helmholtz resonator array matches the acoustic impedance of air within a predetermined frequency band.
Specifically, the helmholtz resonator array includes a plurality of helmholtz resonators 10, and the number of helmholtz resonators 10 is preferably 24, 48, or 96. The enclosure 11 of each helmholtz resonator 10 is a regular hexagonal prism enclosure. Through arranging into honeycomb helmholtz resonator array with the helmholtz resonator 10 of a plurality of regular hexagonal prisms, can greatly strengthen sound-absorbing structure 100's structural strength to possess excellent bearing capacity, can regard as building material to use in all trades. In another embodiment, the housing 11 may also be a rectangular parallelepiped housing, which is beneficial to simplifying the manufacturing process and reducing the production cost while ensuring a certain structural strength. The housing 11 and the insertion tube 12 can be made of environment-friendly plastics, rubber, metal and other materials with strong environmental tolerance, so that the service life of the sound absorption structure 100 is prolonged, and the problems of efflorescence (pulverization) failure, air pollution and harm to human safety brought by the traditional sound absorption materials (such as glass wool and other porous materials) are avoided. Preferably, the helmholtz resonator 10 may be fabricated using 3D printing techniques to reduce engineering contamination.
Further, the formula is calculated by the sound absorption coefficient alpha in acoustics
(Z denotes the overall acoustic impedance of the sound absorbing structure 100, Z0Representing the impedance of air) to determine, for a target operating frequency band, the overall acoustic impedance Z of the sound absorbing structure 100 and the impedance Z of air0When matching, the sound absorption coefficient α can reach a maximum value, for example, a value close to 1 such as 0.95 to 0.999, and at this time, it can be considered that the sound absorption efficiency of the helmholtz resonator array to the sound wave of the corresponding sound absorption frequency reaches the highest, and the sound absorption effect is the best. Acoustic impedance Z of air0Can be represented as Z0＝ρ0c0Where ρ is0Denotes the density of air under natural conditions, c0Representing the speed of sound propagation in the ambient air. The overall acoustic impedance of the sound absorbing structure 100 can be calculated based on the arrangement of the helmholtz resonators 10 and by combining the respective acoustic impedances of the helmholtz resonators 10. Further, in order to realize the maximum efficiency of the sound absorption structure 100, the structural parameters (such as the length, width, height, opening area, and other parameters) of the helmholtz resonator 10 may be calculated and adjusted by the operation software to adjust the respective acoustic impedancesAnd selecting parameters when the overall acoustic impedance of the Helmholtz resonator array is matched with the acoustic impedance of air as actual preparation parameters of the Helmholtz resonators.
The sound absorption structure 100 is beneficial to having a large sound absorption coefficient by matching the overall acoustic impedance of the helmholtz resonator array with the acoustic impedance of air, so that a good sound absorption effect is realized in a low frequency band; in addition, under the same low-frequency sound absorption frequency band, the mounting space required by the sound absorption structure 100 is small, and when the sound absorption structure 100 is arranged, a cavity structure does not need to be additionally arranged, so that the space can be greatly saved, and the preparation cost is reduced. In addition, for different noise elimination frequency bands, according to the impedance matching characteristic, the Helmholtz resonator array has corresponding structural parameters to meet the noise elimination requirement of a user, so that the personalized customization requirement of the user is favorably realized.
In an exemplary embodiment, the pores 1110 of each helmholtz resonator 10 do not all have the same pore size, or the length of the insertion tube 12 of each helmholtz resonator 10 does not all have the same length, or the pores 1110 of each helmholtz resonator 10 and the length of the insertion tube 12 of each helmholtz resonator 10 do not all have the same pore size. Because the Helmholtz resonator 10 that has different structural parameters has different natural frequency to be favorable to increasing different sound absorption frequency points in predetermineeing the frequency channel through above-mentioned mode, improve the sound absorption effect of Helmholtz resonator array.
Further, the aperture of the micro-holes 1110 of each helmholtz resonator 10 is different, or the length of the insertion tube 12 of each helmholtz resonator 10 is different, or the aperture of the micro-holes 1110 of each helmholtz resonator 10 and the length of the insertion tube 12 of each helmholtz resonator 10 are different. By the aid of the mode, the density of sound absorption frequency points in the preset frequency band is improved, and the Helmholtz resonator array can have a better sound absorption effect under the condition of acoustic impedance matching.
In the exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the first sides of each of the shells 11 are located within the same plane. In particular, the first sides of the housings 11 may lie in the same plane or curved surface. In this case, the Helmholtz resonators 10 are connected in parallel, and the sound waveCan the simultaneous incidence go into each Helmholtz resonator and eliminate the noise to Helmholtz resonator array's whole acoustic impedance Z satisfies:
wherein Z isHHThe acoustic impedance of the helmholtz resonator 10 is shown, and n represents the ordinal number of the helmholtz resonator 10.
In an exemplary embodiment, the acoustic impedance Z of the Helmholtz resonatorHHSatisfies the following conditions:
wherein A denotes the area of the entire first side 111, SaIndicates the open area of microhole 1110,/'indicates the length of cannula 12,/' indicates the vertical distance from first side 111 to the inner surface of second side 112, and VHHDenotes the volume, ρ, of the resonance chamber 110 of the Helmholtz resonator 10cc、cccAnd kccRespectively representing the density, acoustic velocity and wave number, k, of the air in the resonance chamber 110ca、ΨvaAnd ΨhaRespectively, the wavenumber, viscosity and thermal terms of the cannula 12 at narrow acoustics, gamma the specific heat capacity of air, and deltaΩRepresenting an acoustic mass end correction term, τΩDenotes a correction factor, ω denotes an angular frequency, η denotes a viscosity coefficient of air, ρ0Denotes the density of air under natural conditions, c0Representing the speed of sound propagation in the ambient air.
Through the above formula, parameters such as the length of each helmholtz resonator 10, the opening area of the micropores 1110, the length of the insertion tube 12 and the like can be quantitatively optimized, so that the acoustic impedance of the sound absorption structure 100 is accurately matched with that of air, and the sound absorption effect of the sound absorption structure 100 is improved.
In an exemplary embodiment, the housing 11 includes a top cover, a housing body, and a bottom cover connected in sequence, the top cover is provided with a micro-hole and covers one side of the housing body, the bottom cover covers one side of the housing body away from the top cover, and the top cover, the housing body, and the bottom cover are detachable from each other; the cannula is connected to the top cover and extends toward the bottom cover. The helmholtz resonator 10 can be divided into a plurality of parts in this way, thereby facilitating the disassembly and assembly of the sound absorbing structure 100; and simultaneously, the maintenance and the part replacement of the helmholtz resonator 10 are facilitated, so that the maintenance cost of the sound absorbing structure 100 is reduced.
Further, can make top cap and intubate integrated into one piece to be favorable to avoiding additionally the step of inserting the intubate to bring the influence to the whole acoustic impedance of Helmholtz resonator array, but the waste of preparation material is avoided to make full use of material simultaneously. In other embodiments, a plurality of top covers and a plurality of insertion tubes may be integrally formed at the same time, and a corresponding number of bottom covers may be integrally formed at the same time, thereby facilitating a balance between reduction of manufacturing processes to reduce manufacturing costs and maintenance costs. The number of the integrated forming can be determined according to actual requirements.
In an exemplary embodiment, the Helmholtz resonators of the sound absorbing structure 100 are connected to each other by ultrasonic welding or an epoxy adhesive layer. The connection strength among all Helmholtz resonators is improved by the aid of the method.
In an exemplary embodiment, the preset frequency band is 100Hz to 1000 Hz. Furthermore, the sound absorption structure 100 of the present application can have a sound absorption coefficient of at least 50% within 100Hz to 1000Hz, thereby greatly improving the sound absorption effect of the low frequency band compared with the conventional porous sound absorption material.
The present application also provides a sound absorbing device comprising the sound absorbing structure 100 as described above.
The sound absorption device can achieve a better elimination effect on low-frequency noise without occupying a larger space, is lower in preparation cost and has a wide application prospect.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A sound absorbing structure comprising an array of helmholtz resonators, wherein each of said helmholtz resonators comprises:
the cover shell is provided with a first side and a second side which are oppositely arranged, and the first side is provided with a micropore; and the number of the first and second groups,
the cannula is arranged in the housing, connected with the first side and extended towards the second side, the cannula is coaxial with the micropore, and the aperture of the cannula is equal to that of the micropore;
the first sides of the housings form a sound wave incidence surface of the sound absorption structure together, and the overall acoustic impedance of the Helmholtz resonator array is matched with that of air in a preset frequency band.
2. The sound absorbing structure of claim 1 wherein the casing comprises a regular hexagonal prism casing or a rectangular parallelepiped casing.
3. The sound absorbing structure of claim 2 wherein the pore size of the pores of each helmholtz resonator is not all the same; and/or the cannula lengths of all Helmholtz resonators are not all the same.
4. The sound absorbing structure of claim 3 wherein the pore size of each Helmholtz resonator varies; and/or the cannula length of each Helmholtz resonator is different.
5. Root of herbaceous plantA sound absorbing structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first sides of the enclosures lie in the same plane and the overall acoustic impedance Z of the array of Helmholtz resonators satisfies:
wherein Z isHHRepresenting the acoustic impedance of the helmholtz resonator and n representing the ordinal number of the helmholtz resonator.
6. The sound absorbing structure of claim 5, wherein the acoustic impedance Z of the Helmholtz resonator isHHSatisfies the following conditions:
wherein A represents the area of the whole first side, SaDenotes an opening area of the micro-hole,/denotesa length of the cannula, L denotes a vertical distance from the first side to an inner surface of the second side, and VHHRepresenting the volume of the resonance cavity, ρ, of the Helmholtz resonatorcc、cccAnd kccRespectively representing the density, sound velocity and wave number, k, of air in the resonance chamberca、ΨvaAnd ΨhaRespectively represents wave number, viscosity term and thermal term of the cannula under narrow acoustics, gamma represents specific heat capacity of air, and deltaΩRepresenting an acoustic mass end correction term, τΩDenotes a correction factor, ω denotes an angular frequency, η denotes a viscosity coefficient of air, ρ0Denotes the density of air under natural conditions, c0Representing the speed of sound propagation in the ambient air.
7. The sound absorbing structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
the cover casing comprises a top cover, a casing body and a bottom cover which are sequentially connected, the top cover is provided with the micropores and covers one side of the casing body, and the bottom cover covers one side of the casing body far away from the top cover;
the cannula is connected to the top cover and extends toward the bottom cover.
8. The sound absorbing structure of claim 7 wherein the cap and the cannula are integrally formed.
9. A sound-absorbing structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which said predetermined frequency range is between 100Hz and 1000 Hz.
10. A sound-absorbing device comprising the sound-absorbing structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN202011442711.6A CN112669802A (en) | 2020-12-11 | 2020-12-11 | Sound absorption structure and sound absorption device |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113240982A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-08-10 | 南京光声超构材料研究院有限公司 | Acoustic device and method of use |
| CN113362798A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-09-07 | 西安交通大学 | Variable tubular inner insertion tube type honeycomb layer core sandwich plate sound absorption structure |
| CN115346507A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-11-15 | 北京航空航天大学 | Combined Helmholtz resonator |
| CN116189644A (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2023-05-30 | 南京南大电子智慧型服务机器人研究院有限公司 | Broadband cylindrical acoustic wave absorber with sub-wavelength |
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