CN112647951A - Safe mining method for broken surrounding rock ore bodies on upper and lower plates under sea - Google Patents
Safe mining method for broken surrounding rock ore bodies on upper and lower plates under sea Download PDFInfo
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- CN112647951A CN112647951A CN202011535732.2A CN202011535732A CN112647951A CN 112647951 A CN112647951 A CN 112647951A CN 202011535732 A CN202011535732 A CN 202011535732A CN 112647951 A CN112647951 A CN 112647951A
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003653 coastal water Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- LLJRXVHJOJRCSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-pyridin-4-yl-1H-indole Chemical compound C=1NC2=CC=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=NC=C1 LLJRXVHJOJRCSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C50/00—Obtaining minerals from underwater, not otherwise provided for
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/006—Ventilation at the working face of galleries or tunnels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/02—Supporting means, e.g. shuttering, for filling-up materials
- E21F15/04—Stowing mats; Goaf wire netting; Partition walls
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/08—Filling-up hydraulically or pneumatically
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/04—Arrangements for ignition
- F42D1/043—Connectors for detonating cords and ignition tubes, e.g. Nonel tubes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
- F42D1/18—Plugs for boreholes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of mining, and discloses a safe mining method for an ore body of an upper and lower wall broken surrounding rock under the sea, which utilizes an original lower wall vein outer edge vein tunnel and adopts a pipe-jacking method to carry out vein penetrating construction, thereby reducing a large amount of supporting works of tunnel connection construction, simultaneously reducing disturbance of the pipe-jacking method, reducing disturbance of the lower wall broken surrounding rock and ensuring construction safety; by adopting the arrangement form of in-vein mining, the ore produced by tunneling can be used as a byproduct ore, and the tunneling amount of the waste rock is greatly reduced compared with the original construction outside the footwall vein; through adopting cut layer and reservation layer interval setting, carry out the stoping one deck reservation layer from bottom to top, reserve the layer and support as horizontal stratiform, and in time fill the stope after each layer adopts cut layer stoping, greatly reduced the risk that the overlying strata rock warp, can realize the below safe stoping of upper and lower plate country rock class ore body of coastal waters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a safe mining method for crushing surrounding rock ore bodies on upper and lower plates under the sea.
Background
The safe, efficient and low cost mining of ore bodies residing under the sea is of increasing focus. Currently, the main mining methods for such ore bodies are upward horizontal cut-and-fill mining, downward drift cut-and-fill mining, and upward drift cut-and-fill mining. The mining methods are implemented by means of shaft or slope and roadway projects such as haulage roadway, sectional haulage roadway and stope connecting roadway in the upper plate or lower plate construction stage. For the working condition that the surrounding rock of the upper and lower disks is broken, the disturbance degree of a large number of roadway excavation on the surrounding rock is very large, if the surrounding rock developed by the joint crack is easy to fall, the surrounding rock under the sea level is likely to be induced to move, and the potential safety hazard is very large.
Patent 201810064011.4 provides a checkerboard mining method based on intra-vein preparation without cutting engineering pseudo-inclined arrangement, the method has good application effect on thin ore body mining, but the method still extends the engineering and is located at the footwall, the preparation engineering is arranged inside the ore body to form diamond ore blocks, and the method has no applicability to mining of ore bodies above the medium thickness.
Patent 201110094911.1 proposes a continuous sublevel filling method without studs for mining in the vein of a medium-thickness inclined broken ore body, which carries out mining by dividing ore blocks into a panel structure with multiple subsections and small chambers. Aiming at the mining objects which are mainly medium-thick crushed ore bodies, the method arranges exploitation projects on an upper plate of the ore bodies, adopts medium-deep holes for ore breaking and supports an ore removal roadway in time. But the method has no universality for mining the ore body with the thickness above the medium thickness by crushing the surrounding rock of the upper and lower coils.
In view of the above problems, there is a need to develop a mining method with high safety and reliability, less waste rock excavation and less mining disturbance.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems, the invention provides a safe mining method for the ore body of the upper and lower broken surrounding rocks under the sea, which utilizes the outer edge vein laneway of the original lower vein and adopts a pipe-jacking method to carry out vein-penetrating construction, thereby reducing a large amount of supporting works of the tunnel-connecting construction, simultaneously reducing the disturbance of the pipe-jacking method, reducing the disturbance of the lower broken surrounding rocks and ensuring the safety of the construction; by adopting the arrangement form of in-vein mining, the ore produced by tunneling can be used as a byproduct ore, and the tunneling amount of the waste rock is greatly reduced compared with the original construction outside the footwall vein; through the interval arrangement of mining and cutting layer and reserve layer, carry out the stope from bottom to top and reserve the layer, reserve the layer and support as horizontal stratiform, and fill the stope in time after the stope of every layer mining and cutting layer, greatly reduced the risk that the overlying strata rock warp, can realize the below safe stope of upper and lower plate country rock class ore body of coastal waters.
In order to realize the technical effects, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a safe mining method for broken surrounding rock ore bodies on the upper and lower plates under the sea comprises the following steps:
s1, in the unclosed original lower wall vein outer edge vein roadway, a pipe jacking device is adopted to construct a pipe jacking vein to reach an ore body;
s2, arranging ore bodies according to the vertical direction of the ore bodies, and dividing the ore bodies into mutually spaced ore rooms and ore pillars;
s3, mining a slope way and an intra-pulse cutting way in the pulse, and adopting an anchor rod to support the intra-pulse roadway in time;
s4, dividing an ore body into mining and cutting layers and reserved layers which are arranged at intervals on the space height relationship, wherein the mining and cutting layers adopt intra-vein alleyways and slope ways to be communicated as ore removal channels, the mining and cutting layers are mined from bottom to top in a mining sequence, and when each mining and cutting layer is mined, a chamber is mined firstly, and then pillars are mined;
s5, after stoping of the chamber is finished, cementing and filling by using a concrete filling body in time; filling the extraction end of the ore pillar by using a tailing filling body; and then, the layer is transferred to the upper mining and cutting layer for stoping until the stoping of all the mining and cutting layers is finished.
Further, the jacking process of the pipe jacking device in the step S1 includes the following steps:
1) arranging a tunnel rear seat straight wall for providing a reaction force for a jacking hydraulic device on the inner wall of the tunnel along the outer edge of the original lower disk pulse;
2) installing a hydraulic support, a jacking hydraulic device and a base guide rail;
3) installing the jacking pipe on a base guide rail, excavating in the jacking pipe by adopting manpower or machinery, and performing jacking operation by matching with a jacking hydraulic device; and in the excavation process, the lower waste rock is transported out of the top pipe by adopting lower waste rock transportation equipment arranged in the top pipe device.
Furthermore, the pipe jacking device mainly comprises a plurality of sections of pipe jacking pipes with circular or rectangular sections.
Further, in the step S2, the size of the chamber is 3.0-6.0 m wide and 3.0-4.5 m high, and the size of the pillar is 2.0-3.0 m wide and 3.0-4.5 m high; the length of the chamber and the pillar is the horizontal thickness of the ore body.
Furthermore, the engineering specifications of the ramp and the roadway in the vein are both 2.0-5.0 m wide and 3.0-4.5 m high.
Furthermore, in the mining process of each mining and cutting layer, a drill jumbo is adopted for carrying out mining operation, the depth of each blast hole is 2.5-3.3 m, the distance between the blast holes is 1.0-1.5 m, the row spacing is 0.6-0.8 m, the charging density is 0.4-0.5 kg/m during the ore falling by jacking, a reverse columnar continuous charging structure is adopted, and the hole opening is filled with stemming by 0.5-0.8 m; the spacing between the explosion control holes is 0.6-0.7 m, the charging density is 0.15-0.20 kg/m, the resistance line is 0.5-1.0 m, a non-coupling charging structure is adopted, and the detonation is initiated by a differential detonating tube.
Furthermore, a local fan is adopted in the slope to enhance ventilation, fresh air flow enters the subsection lane from the slope and then enters the stope from the layered connection lane, and the blasted dirty air is discharged to the ground surface through the upper and middle section air return systems from the slope; local ventilation of the inlet path is realized by adopting a local fan, and a press-in and pull-out combined ventilation mode is adopted.
The grade of the concrete filling body is more than or equal to C7.5, the ratio of the bottom sand to the bottom sand is 1: 20, the ratio of the upper pouring surface layer sand to the top sand is 1: 10, and the thickness is 0.5 m; before filling, a filling retaining wall is constructed at the end parts of the chamber and the pillars, and the filling retaining wall is a wood plate wall or a combined iron plate wall.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, one layer is reserved for stoping from bottom to top by reserving the horizontal layered supports, and the stope after stoping is filled in time, so that the risk of deformation of overlying ore rocks is greatly reduced, and the safe stoping of the ore body under the condition can be realized.
2. The digging amount of the waste rocks is small: by adopting the arrangement form of in-vein mining preparation, the invention constructs in the stable ore body no matter the constructed slope road or other well and drift projects, and the ore produced by tunneling can be used as a byproduct ore to be utilized, thereby greatly reducing the tunneling amount of the waste rock compared with the original construction outside the footwall.
3. The mining disturbance is small: the invention fully utilizes the original lower disk vein outer edge vein laneway and adopts a pipe-jacking method to carry out vein-crossing construction. On one hand, a large amount of supporting works of the tunnel construction are reduced, on the other hand, the disturbance of the pipe jacking method is small, the construction safety is guaranteed, and the problem that large-scale falling is easy to occur due to the fact that surrounding rocks on the upper and lower plates are broken when a common drilling and blasting method is adopted for construction is effectively avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a stabilized ore body for crushing the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower trays;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of pipe jacking method for breaking surrounding rocks through a lower wall;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a side view of a filling method of an upward horizontal access with a horizontal layered support;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 3 taken along section A-A;
FIG. 5 top view of a horizontal layered supporting type upward horizontal access filling method
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the supporting of the outer edge of the tunnel of the original lower disk;
wherein, 1, the original lower disk pulse outer edge pulse tunnel; 2. pushing the pipe to pass through the vein; 3. an ore body; 4. a ramp; 5. an anchor rod; 6. a cutting layer is adopted; 7. reserving a layer; 8. intra-vein and vein-following; 9. a concrete filling body; 10. a tailings packing body; 11. jacking a hydraulic device; 12. a straight wall of a roadway rear seat; 13. a hydraulic support; 14. a base rail; 15. Jacking pipes; 16. a lower-tray waste rock transportation device; 17. seawater; 18. land; 19. hanging the wall to crush the surrounding rock; 20. Crushing the surrounding rock by a lower disc; 21. and (5) long anchor cables.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 1-6, a safe mining method for broken surrounding rock ore bodies on the upper and lower plates under the sea comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a pipe jacking vein penetrating 2 to reach an ore body 3 by adopting a pipe jacking device in the unclosed original lower wall vein outer edge vein roadway 1;
s2, arranging ore bodies 3 in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the ore bodies 3, and dividing the ore bodies into mutually spaced ore rooms and ore pillars;
s3, a slope 4 and an intra-vein cutting roadway are accurately mined in the vein, and the intra-vein roadway is supported in time by an anchor rod 5; s4, dividing the ore body 3 into a mining and cutting layer 6 and a reserved layer 7 which are arranged at intervals in the spatial height relation, wherein the mining and cutting layer 6 adopts an intra-vein roadway 8 communicated with a ramp 4 as an ore discharge channel, the mining and cutting layer 6 is stoped from bottom to top in the stoping sequence, and when each mining and cutting layer 6 is stoped, a stope room is stoped first, and then stope pillar stoping is carried out;
s5, after stoping of the chamber is finished, cementing and filling by using a concrete filling body 9 in time; after the extraction of the ore pillar is finished, filling by using a tailing filling body 10; and then, the mining layer is transferred to the upper mining and cutting layer 6 for stoping until the stoping of all the mining and cutting layers 6 is finished.
Below the land 18 corresponding to the offshore sea 17, the ore body 3 is located between the upper and lower broken surrounding rocks 19 and 20 (as shown in fig. 1), and mining is performed to control the disturbance of the upper broken surrounding rocks 19 to ensure safe operation. In the embodiment, because the original lower-disk pulse outer-edge pulse roadway is mostly reinforced and supported by the long anchor cables 21 and the anchor rods 5, the original lower-disk pulse outer-edge pulse roadway 1 is utilized, and the pipe-jacking method is adopted for carrying out pulse-penetrating construction, so that a large amount of supporting projects for roadway-connecting construction are reduced, meanwhile, the disturbance of the pipe-jacking method is small, the disturbance of upper-and-lower-disk broken surrounding rocks 20 is reduced, and the construction safety is guaranteed; by adopting the arrangement form of in-vein mining, the ore produced by tunneling can be used as a byproduct ore, and compared with the original construction outside the footwall vein, the method greatly reduces the tunneling amount of waste rocks; the mining and cutting layer 6 and the reserved layer 7 are arranged at intervals, one layer is reserved for mining one layer from bottom to top, the reserved layer 7 serves as a horizontal layered support, and a stope is filled in time after the mining of each layer of the mining and cutting layer 6, so that the risk of deformation of overlying rocks is greatly reduced, and the safe mining of the upper and lower trawl rock ore bodies 3 close to the bottom of the sea can be realized.
The jacking pipe 15 in this embodiment is a jacking pipe 15 (as shown in fig. 2) with a circular or rectangular cross section, and the jacking flow includes:
1) a tunnel rear seat straight wall 12 used for providing reaction force for a jacking hydraulic device 11 is arranged on the inner wall of the original lower-disk vein outer edge vein tunnel 1;
2) installing a hydraulic support 13, a jacking hydraulic device 11 and a base guide rail 14;
3) installing a jacking pipe 15 on a base guide rail 14, excavating in the jacking pipe 15 manually or mechanically, and performing jacking operation by matching with a jacking hydraulic device 11; and in the excavation process, the lower waste rock transportation equipment 16 arranged in the pipe jacking device is adopted to transport the lower waste rock out of the pipe jacking 15.
The size of the chamber is 3.0-6.0 m wide and 3.0-4.5 m high, and the size of the pillar is 2.0-3.0 m wide and 3.0-4.5 m high; the length of the chamber and the pillar is the horizontal thickness of the ore body 3. The engineering specifications of the ramp 4 and the roadway in the vein are both 2.0-5.0 m wide and 3.0-4.5 m high. The ramp 4 in this embodiment is of a return type.
In the mining process of each mining and cutting layer 6, a DD2710 type drill jumbo is adopted for mining operation, the depth of each blast hole is 2.5-3.3 m, the distance between the blast holes is 1.0-1.5 m, the row spacing is 0.6-0.8 m, the charging density is 0.4-0.5 kg/m during the top pressing ore falling period, a reverse columnar continuous charging structure is adopted, and the hole opening is filled with stemming by 0.5-0.8 m; the spacing between the explosion control holes is 0.6-0.7 m, the charging density is 0.15-0.20 kg/m, the resistance line is 0.5-1.0 m, a non-coupling explosive combination structure is adopted, and the detonation is initiated by a differential detonating tube.
In the mining preparation process of the embodiment, an air return system is also arranged in the slope 4, a JK58-1No3.5 type local fan is adopted to enhance ventilation, fresh air flow enters a subsection roadway from the slope 4 and then enters a mining field from a layering connecting channel, and blasted dirty air is discharged to the ground surface from the slope 4 through an upper and middle air return system; local fan ventilation is adopted in the local part of the access path, and a press-in and draw-out combined ventilation mode is adopted.
The grade of the concrete filling body 9 is more than or equal to C7.5, the ratio of the bottom sand to the bottom sand is 1: 20, the ratio of the upper casting surface layer sand to the top casting surface layer sand to the; before filling, a filling retaining wall is constructed at the end parts of the stope and the ore pillar, the filling retaining wall adopts a wood plate wall or a combined iron plate wall, and the filling plate wall is erected vertically, firmly and compactly and cannot run slurry or collapse.
The above is an embodiment of the present invention. The embodiments and specific parameters in the embodiments are only for the purpose of clearly illustrating the verification process of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, and all the equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the specification and the drawings of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A safe mining method for broken surrounding rock ore bodies on the upper and lower plates under the sea is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, constructing a pipe-jacking vein-crossing channel (2) to reach an ore body (3) by adopting a pipe jacking device in the unclosed original lower-wall vein outer-edge vein roadway (1);
s2, arranging ore bodies (3) according to the vertical direction of the ore bodies, and dividing the ore bodies into mutually spaced ore rooms and ore pillars;
s3, a slope way (4) is adopted in the vein, the lane is cut in the vein, and an anchor rod (5) is adopted to support the lane in the vein in time;
s4, dividing the ore body (3) into a mining and cutting layer (6) and a reserved layer (7) which are arranged at intervals in the space height relation, wherein the mining and cutting layer (6) adopts an intra-vein gob-side entry (8) to be communicated with a slope way (4) as an ore removal channel; the stoping sequence is that stoping is carried out on the mining and cutting layer (6) from bottom to top, when stoping is carried out on each mining and cutting layer (6), the stope room is stoped first, and then stope stoping is carried out;
s5, after stoping of the chamber is finished, cementing and filling by using a concrete filling body (9) in time; after the stoping of the ore pillar is finished, a tailing filling body (10) is adopted for filling; and then, the layer is transferred to the upper mining and cutting layer (6) for stoping until the stoping of all the mining and cutting layers (6) is finished.
2. The safety mining method according to claim 1, wherein the jacking process of the jacking pipe device in the step S1 comprises the following steps:
1) a tunnel rear seat straight wall (12) used for providing reaction force for a jacking hydraulic device (11) is arranged on the inner wall of the original lower-disk vein outer edge vein tunnel (1);
2) installing a hydraulic support (13), a jacking hydraulic device (11) and a base guide rail (14);
3) installing a top pipe (15) on a base guide rail (14), excavating in the top pipe (15) manually or mechanically, and performing jacking operation by matching with a jacking hydraulic device (11); and in the excavation process, the lower waste rock is transported out of the jacking pipe (15) by adopting lower waste rock transportation equipment (16) arranged in the jacking pipe device.
3. The safety mining method of claim 2, characterized in that: the pipe jacking device mainly comprises a plurality of sections of pipe jacking pipes (15) with round or rectangular sections.
4. Safety mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: step S2, the specification of the ore room is 3.0-6.0 m wide and 3.0-4.5 m high, and the specification of the ore pillar is 2.0-3.0 m wide and 3.0-4.5 m high; the length of the chamber and the pillar is the horizontal thickness of the ore body (3).
5. Safety mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the engineering specifications of the ramp (4) and the roadway in the vein are both 2.0-5.0 m wide and 3.0-4.5 m high.
6. Safety mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the mining process of each mining and cutting layer (6), a drill jumbo is adopted for carrying out mining operation, the depth of blast holes during the roof-pressing ore falling is 2.5-3.3 m, the hole distance is 1.0-1.5 m, the row distance is 0.6-0.8 m, the charging density is 0.4-0.5 kg/m, a reverse columnar continuous charging structure is adopted, and the hole opening is filled with stemming by 0.5-0.8 m; the spacing between the explosion control holes is 0.6-0.7 m, the charging density is 0.15-0.20 kg/m, the resistance line is 0.5-1.0 m, a non-coupling charging structure is adopted, and the detonation is initiated by a differential detonating tube.
7. Safety mining method according to claim 6, characterized in that: a local fan is adopted in the slope ramp (4) to enhance ventilation, and fresh air flow enters a subsection roadway from the slope ramp (4) and then enters a stope from a layered connection way; the blasted dirty wind is discharged to the ground surface through the upper and middle air return systems by the slope way (4); local ventilation of the inlet path is realized by adopting a local fan, and a press-in and pull-out combined ventilation mode is adopted.
8. Safety mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the grade of the concrete filling body (9) is more than or equal to C7.5, the ratio of the bottom sand to the bottom sand is 1: 20, the ratio of the upper casting surface layer sand to the top sand is 1: 10, and the thickness is 0.5 m; before filling, a filling retaining wall is constructed at the end parts of the chamber and the pillars, and the filling retaining wall adopts a wood plate wall or a combined iron plate wall.
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