CN112633790B - Method for defining accident response boundary under situation of radioactive substance transportation fire accident - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for defining an accident response boundary under the condition of a radioactive substance transportation fire accident, which comprises the steps of S1, estimating the release amount of radioactive substances under the condition of the accident; s2, according to the release amount estimated in the step S1, an initial isolation radius R1 according to the chemical toxicity in the radioactive substance is given; s3, according to the release amount estimated in the step S1 and corresponding to the public dose limit value under the accident condition, providing an accident response radius R2 estimated according to the accident radiation consequence; s4, corresponding to the initial isolation radius R1 and the accident response radius R2, giving an accident response boundary Ra under the condition of the radioactive substance transportation fire accident; s5, according to the field meteorological condition and diffusion direction, the actual monitoring concentration of radioactive substance in the environment, and according to the chemical toxicity concentration limit value PAC1 level, giving out the 'protection action distance Rb'.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radioactive materials, in particular to a method for defining an accident response boundary under the situation of a radioactive substance transportation fire and explosion accident.
Background
In the non-radioactive field of China, in dangerous chemical transportation accidents, accident center areas, accident possible spread areas and accident possible influence areas are generally divided according to the damage range and the damage degree of accidents caused by chemicals and the positions of dangerous chemical accident sources.
Dangerous chemicals having chemical toxicity may occur in accidents such as leakage, fire and fire, in which there are both risks due to leakage of chemicals and safety problems due to fire or fire. The first 30 minutes of an accident with dangerous chemicals having chemical toxicity means the initial stage of the accident. If necessary rescue actions and measures can be taken as soon as possible in the stage, the method has an important effect on minimizing casualties and accident hazards.
A chemical accident emergency rescue response manual ERG2008 is jointly compiled in the United states, Canada and Mexico, the manual adopts the latest release rate and diffusion model, counts data of a hazardous substance accident reporting system of the United states department of transportation, and is comprehensively formed through meteorological observation data analysis, chemical substance toxicology contact data analysis and the like in more than 20 regions of the United states, Canada and three countries of Mexico for more than a plurality of years, and the manual has strong scientificity and guidance.
ERG2008 provides two data of 'initial isolation distance' and 'protective action distance' for assisting field decision of a chemical accident field, and when some scholars in China use the field decision method to research ammonia, chlorine and cyanogen leakage, under two different scenes of day and night, an 'emergency isolation area' and an 'evacuation radius' are estimated according to the loading amount and the leakage amount.
A great deal of research is also carried out on transport accidents in the radioactive field of China, the mode and the method mainly pay attention to the radiation influence of transported articles, the influence of transport personnel and the evaluation of accident consequences are mainly concerned, and a symptom suggestion draft of an HAD guide of radioactive article transport nuclear and radiation accident emergency preparation and emergency response is issued only in 2018 in an accident response part, and only the evaluation of the radiation accident consequences is considered in the guide. And the accident scene is firstly subjected to ' evaluation of potential radioactivity and related hazards ', and the definition of ' limited access areas and internal warning lines ' is carried out in the accident control stage, wherein the definition of the ' internal warning areas ' is that the evacuation distance is 300 meters according to the radiation level (external gamma is more than 100 MuSv/h) or the place determined according to the radioactive substance transport nuclear and radiation accident response guideline '. The estimation and the setting of the evacuation distance only consider the radiation hazard of radioactive substances, and the chemical characteristics of a large amount of leaked radioactive transportation materials with chemical toxicity are not set, so that the environmental risks possibly caused under the condition of fire accidents in the transportation of some radioactive substances are ignored.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for defining an accident response boundary under the situation of a radioactive substance transportation fire accident, which comprehensively considers the chemical toxicity of chemicals in the surrounding environment caused by the release of radioactive substances, and in the response region division under the accident situation, the initial isolation distance is set not only according to the evaluation result of the radiation accident consequence, but also comprehensively considers the chemical toxicity of the released radioactive substances, and the corresponding accident response boundary and the protection action distance are given after comprehensively considering the two distances.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method of demarcating an accident response boundary in a radioactive material transport fire accident scenario, the method comprising:
s1, estimating the release amount of radioactive substances under accident conditions;
s2, according to the release amount estimated in the step S1, the initial isolation radius R1 according to the chemical toxicity in the radioactive substance is given;
s3, according to the release amount estimated in the step S1, corresponding to the public dose limit value under the accident condition, an accident response radius R2 estimated according to the accident radiation consequence is given;
s4, corresponding to the initial isolation radius R1 and the accident response radius R2, giving an accident response boundary Ra under the condition of the radioactive substance transportation fire accident;
s5, according to the field meteorological conditions, the diffusion direction and the actual monitoring concentration of radioactive substances in the environment, the 'protective action distance Rb' is given according to the chemical toxicity concentration limit value PAC1 level; after a fire accident occurs, according to on-site meteorological conditions and wind direction, at a certain distance downwind of a main wind direction, according to the release amount of radioactive substances, an ambient air monitoring point is arranged, according to the actually monitored environmental concentration value of the radioactive substances, a measured radius is given corresponding to a PAC 1-level protection action limit value, and therefore a protection action distance Rb is correspondingly given.
In some embodiments, in the above step S4, wherein when R1< R2, R1 is selected as Ra; when R1 ≧ R2, R2 was selected as Ra.
In some embodiments, in the step S1, the mass concentration distribution of the radioactive materials in the fire accident at different distances is estimated according to the fuel composition of the vehicle fuel tank, the loading capacity of the vehicle and the type of the loaded transportation materials in the accident situation, and according to the release parameters ARF of the radioactive materials and the respirable fraction RF of the people in the fire accident situation.
In some embodiments, the release parameter ARF is 2.34 x 10-4-7.18×10-4(ii) a The inhalable fraction RF is 1.61 x 10-6-1.56×10-4。
In some embodiments, at the time of defining the initial isolation radius R1, the smaller concentration value of the acute inhalation concentration limit and the protection action limit PAC3 of 10mg of soluble uranium is selected as the ground concentration value corresponding to the initial isolation radius, and the initial isolation radius R1 is defined.
In some embodiments, the accident response radius R2 is defined in consideration of the external irradiation and the inhalation internal irradiation in the radioactive influence pathway, with the public acute irradiation dose limit of 5msv or 10msv as the dose estimation limit under the accident condition, according to the release amount of the radioactive material given in the above step S1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method comprehensively considers the chemical toxicity of chemicals in the surrounding environment caused by the release of radioactive substances, not only according to the evaluation result of the radiation accident consequence, but also comprehensively considers the initial isolation distance set by the chemical toxicity of the released radioactive substances in the response region division under the accident situation, and gives corresponding 'accident response boundary' and 'protection action distance' after comprehensively considering the two distances.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the defining method in the present embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the defining method in the present embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, the present embodiment provides a method for defining an accident response boundary in a radioactive material transportation fire accident scenario, including:
s1, estimating the release amount of radioactive substances under accident conditions;
estimating the mass concentration distribution conditions of radioactive materials at different distances under the fire accident according to the fuel components of a vehicle oil tank, the loading capacity of the vehicle and the types of loaded and transported materials under the accident condition, and according to the release parameters ARF of the radioactive materials and the respirable fraction RF of personnel under the fire accident condition; in some embodiments, the release parameter ARF is 2.34 × 10-4-7.18×10-4(ii) a Inhalable fraction RF is 1.61X 10-6-1.56×10-4。
S2, according to the release amount estimated in the step S1, the initial isolation radius R1 according to the chemical toxicity in the radioactive substance is given;
in the transportation of radioactive materials, there are uranium-containing materials and spent fuels, and many radioactive material types are contained therein. Taking the example of transporting radioactive materials as uranium substances, the chemical toxicity of uranium generally considers the internal irradiation health effect that can be caused after a person can inhale uranium. When The initial isolation radius is divided, an acute inhalation concentration limit of 10mg of soluble uranium and a smaller concentration value in a Protective action limit PAC3 given by American SCAPA ((The Subcommittee on sequence Assessment and Protective Actions) referring to an acute irradiation guidance level of EPA) are selected as a ground concentration value corresponding to The initial isolation radius, and The initial isolation radius R1 is divided; where PAC (Protective Action criterion) limits. PAC grade 1 indicates a slight, transient effect on human health; and 2, stage: may have irreversible or other serious health effects that may affect the person taking protective measures; and 3, level: the influence on human body is the biggest, can produce the health influence of life-threatening.
S3, according to the release amount estimated in the step S1, corresponding to the public dose limit value under the accident condition, an accident response radius R2 estimated according to the accident radiation consequence is given;
according to the amount of radioactive material released as given in S1, "accident response radius R2" is defined in consideration of external irradiation and inhaled internal irradiation in the radioactive influence route, and dose influence on the public in the accident, taking the public acute irradiation dose limit of 5mSv or 10mSv under the accident condition as a dose estimation limit.
S4, a corresponding initial isolation radius R1 and an accident response radius R2, an accident response boundary Ra under the condition of the radioactive substance transportation fire accident is given,
when R1< R2, R1 is selected as Ra;
when R1> R2, R2 is selected as Ra;
it should be noted that the set of "accident response boundaries Ra" is the boundary condition that is most conservative under the most adverse meteorological conditions, and can give an initial boundary value when a transportation accident emergency response report is compiled before the radioactive substance is transported.
The boundary values are defined without regard to meteorological conditions, actual concentration monitoring values and other objective conditions during transportation.
S5, according to the field meteorological conditions, the diffusion direction and the actual monitoring concentration of radioactive substances in the environment, the 'protective action distance Rb' is given according to the chemical toxicity concentration limit value PAC1 level;
after a fire accident occurs, according to on-site meteorological conditions and wind direction, at a certain distance downwind of a main wind direction, according to the release amount of radioactive substances, an ambient air monitoring point is arranged, according to the actually monitored environmental concentration value of the radioactive substances, a measured radius is given corresponding to a PAC 1-level protection action limit value, and therefore a protection action distance Rb is correspondingly given.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (5)
1. A method for defining an accident response boundary in a radioactive material transportation fire accident scenario, the method comprising:
s1, estimating the release amount of radioactive substances under accident conditions;
in the step S1, the mass concentration distribution of the radioactive material in the fire accident at different distances is estimated according to the fuel component of the vehicle fuel tank, the loading capacity of the vehicle and the type of the loaded transportation material in the accident situation, and according to the release parameter ARF of the radioactive material and the respirable fraction RF of the people in the fire accident situation;
s2, according to the release amount estimated in the step S1, the initial isolation radius R1 according to the chemical toxicity in the radioactive substance is given;
s3, according to the release amount estimated in the step S1, corresponding to the public dose limit value under the accident condition, an accident response radius R2 estimated according to the accident radiation consequence is given;
s4, corresponding to the initial isolation radius R1 and the accident response radius R2, giving an accident response boundary Ra under the condition of the radioactive substance transportation fire accident;
when the initial isolation radius R1 is defined, selecting a smaller concentration value of an acute inhalation concentration limit value and a protection action limit value PAC3 of soluble uranium as a ground concentration value corresponding to the initial isolation radius, and defining an initial isolation radius R1;
according to the release amount of the radioactive material given in the step S1, considering external irradiation and inhalation internal irradiation in the radioactive influence path, and defining an accident response radius R2 by taking a public acute irradiation dose limit value under an accident condition as a dose estimation limit value;
s5, according to the field meteorological conditions, the diffusion direction and the actual monitoring concentration of radioactive substances in the environment, the 'protective action distance Rb' is given according to the chemical toxicity concentration limit value PAC1 level; after a fire accident occurs, according to on-site meteorological conditions and wind direction, at a certain distance downwind of a main wind direction, according to the release amount of radioactive substances, an ambient air monitoring point is arranged, according to the actually monitored environmental concentration value of the radioactive substances, a measured radius is given corresponding to a PAC 1-level protection action limit value, and therefore a protection action distance Rb is correspondingly given.
2. The method for defining an accident response boundary in the event of a radioactive material transportation fire accident according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, when R1< R2, R1 is selected as Ra; when R1 ≧ R2, R2 was selected as Ra.
3. The method for defining the accident response boundary in the event of a radioactive substance transportation fire accident according to claim 2, wherein the release parameter ARF is 2.3410-4-7.18×10-4(ii) a The inhalable fraction RF is 1.61 x 10-6-1.56×10-4。
4. The method for defining the accident response boundary in the case of a radioactive substance transportation fire accident according to claim 1, wherein the acute absorption concentration limit of soluble uranium is 10 mg.
5. The method for defining the accident response boundary in the case of a radioactive substance transportation fire accident according to claim 1, wherein the public acute exposure dose limit value under the accident condition is 5msv or 10 msv.
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