CN112623173B

CN112623173B - Controllable bidirectional reversing mechanism

Info

Publication number: CN112623173B
Application number: CN202011502809.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曹鑫
Original assignee: Ningbo Pulefei Intelligent Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Ningbo Pulefei Intelligent Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-17
Filing date: 2020-12-17
Publication date: 2022-01-14
Anticipated expiration: 2040-12-17
Also published as: CN112623173A

Abstract

The invention discloses a controllable bidirectional reversing mechanism, which comprises an outer shell, wherein a main shaft connected with the output end of a power source and an inner shell capable of rotating around the main shaft are arranged in the outer shell; the main shaft is provided with an impeller which rotates synchronously with the main shaft; the inner shell is of a hollow structure, a cavity for accommodating the impeller is arranged in the inner shell, an outlet is arranged on the outer circular surface of the inner shell, an inlet is arranged on one or two side end surfaces of the outer shell, an outer opening which can be matched with the outlet on the outer circular surface of the inner shell to form a channel is arranged on the outer shell, and a medium can be sucked from the inlet of the inner shell through the centrifugal action of the impeller when the main shaft drives the impeller to rotate; a positioning mechanism for rotationally positioning the inner shell is arranged between the outer shell and the inner shell; the invention realizes the change of the propulsion direction by the contraposition position of the outlet and the outer opening through the rotation of the main shaft, does not need to reflect water flow, can ensure that the reverse propulsion and the forward propulsion reach the same efficiency, and realizes the functions of reversing and water spraying output by one power source.

Description

Controllable bidirectional reversing mechanism

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a propeller, and more particularly, to a controllable bidirectional reversing mechanism.

Background

A Propeller (Propeller) is a device that converts any form of energy into mechanical energy. Thrust is generated by rotating blades or by injecting air (water). Can be used for driving the vehicle to move forward or used as a power source of other devices such as a generator;

mainly comprises the following types:

first, propeller thruster, abbreviated as propeller. The propeller is arranged on the propulsion shaft below the waterline at the tail part of the boat, the propulsion shaft is driven by the main engine to rotate together, water is sucked from the suction surface of the paddle and discharged from the discharge surface, and the boat is pushed to advance by using the reaction force of the water. The propellers are divided into fixed-pitch propellers and adjustable-pitch propellers. Firstly, a screw pitch propeller is fixed. Consists of a hub and blades. The number of the blades is generally 3-4. The part of the blade close to the hub is called a blade root, the outer end is called a blade tip, the front side is called a leading edge, the rear side is called a trailing edge, the propeller disc faces the stern and is called a discharge surface, and the propeller disc faces the bow and is called a suction surface. A circular guide pipe is additionally arranged on the outer edge of the fixed-pitch propeller, namely the guide pipe propeller. The duct may improve the propulsion efficiency of the propeller, but the reversing performance is poor. Ducted propellers can be divided into fixed and rotatable types. The fixed ducted propeller increases the turning diameter of the boat, and the rotatable ducted propeller can improve the turning performance of the boat. ② the screw propeller with adjustable pitch. The propeller is driven to rotate by a crank connecting rod mechanism in the propeller hub, and the propelling power and the propelling direction of the propeller can be changed by changing the angle of the propeller blade under the condition of not changing the rotating speed and the running direction of the propelling shaft. The propeller has simple structure, reliable work and higher efficiency, and is a main propeller of the boat. The propellers of modern boats mostly adopt structural forms such as large disc surface ratio, moderate lateral inclination, radial unequal screw pitch, more blades and the like so as to reduce cavitation, ablation, noise and overlarge exciting force which are possibly generated when the propellers work in a stern uneven wake field. Some high speed boats have supercavity wing propellers. The air propeller for the full-lift air cushion traffic boat is similar to a fixed-pitch propeller, and the boat is pushed to advance by the reaction force of air;

and the water spraying propeller consists of a water pump, a water absorbing pipeline and a water spraying pipeline. When the ship moves forwards, the water pump sucks water flow from the water sucking pipeline at the bottom of the ship and sprays the water flow from the water spraying pipeline at a high speed to obtain the reaction force of the water flow so as to push the ship to move forwards. When the boat is sailed backwards, the reversing hopper arranged above the water spraying pipe opening is put into water, and after high-speed water flow enters the reversing hopper, the water flow sprayed backwards is reflected into forward water flow, so that the boat is sailed backwards under the condition of not changing the rotating direction of the main engine. The water jet propeller has good shallow water propulsion efficiency and operation performance and lower noise and vibration, and is a shallow water boat which adopts more propulsion devices;

reversing of the water-jet propeller in the prior art is realized by reflecting water flow through the reversing bucket, on one hand, the required space of the reversing bucket is large, and the reflected water flow can also cause a large amount of kinetic energy loss.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a controllable bidirectional reversing mechanism capable of switching a propelling direction without loss, and solves the technical problems in the related art.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a controllable bidirectional reversing mechanism, comprising:

-an outer housing, inside which a spindle connected to the output of the power source and an inner housing rotatable around the spindle are arranged;

-a main shaft on which an impeller is arranged for synchronous rotation with the main shaft;

an inner casing of hollow construction having a cavity therein for receiving the impeller, the outer casing having an inlet on one or both of its end faces and an outlet on the outer circumferential face of the inner casing, the outer casing having an outer opening capable of forming a passage in cooperation with the outlet on the outer circumferential face of the inner casing, the rotation of the spindle-driven impeller being capable of drawing in a medium from the inlet of the inner casing, ejecting the medium from the outlet of the inner casing, ejecting the medium from one outer opening of the outer casing, and drawing in the medium from the other outer opening of the outer casing;

a positioning mechanism for rotationally positioning the inner shell is arranged between the outer shell and the inner shell and comprises a positioning ring protruding out of the end surface of the inner shell and a positioning groove in the outer shell in clearance fit with the positioning ring, two symmetrical pin holes are formed in the positioning ring, a floating pin capable of sliding in the pin holes is arranged in the pin holes, two positioning bulges protruding inwards are correspondingly arranged on the wall of the positioning groove and are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the positioning groove, and an outlet of the inner shell is communicated with an outer opening of the outer shell when the floating pin rotates to the position of the positioning bulge;

the impeller is provided with a one-way clutch mechanism between two ends of the impeller and the inner shell, and the one-way clutch mechanism limits the impeller to drive the inner shell to rotate in one direction.

Furthermore, the floating pin abuts against the positioning protrusion at the lower part of the positioning groove to prevent the inner shell from rotating anticlockwise, and the floating pin abuts against the positioning protrusion at the upper part of the positioning groove to prevent the inner shell from rotating clockwise.

Furthermore, a connecting line between the two positioning bulges and the collision points of the floating pins is positioned at one side of the circle center of the positioning groove, and the circle center of the positioning groove is positioned on the connecting line between the two floating pins.

Furthermore, two positioning protrusions on the positioning groove of the outer shell are respectively positioned at the highest point and the lowest point of the positioning groove.

Furthermore, a slewing bearing is arranged between the outer shell and the inner shell, and comprises an annular supporting body arranged outside the positioning ring of the inner shell and a bearing arranged between the supporting body and the outer shell.

Furthermore, the one-way clutch mechanism comprises clutch rings arranged on end faces of two sides of the impeller and clutch grooves matched with the clutch rings inside the inner shell, a plurality of ratchets distributed in an even annular array are arranged on an inner circular surface of the clutch grooves, a plurality of ball grooves distributed in an even annular array are arranged on an outer circular surface of the clutch rings and are V-shaped grooves, and balls are arranged in the ball grooves.

Further, the axis of the clutch ring is located on the first groove surface of the ball groove.

Further, the impeller is the double suction impeller, and it includes impeller main part and locates the wheel hub of impeller main part both sides, and wherein impeller main part is including the barrel of cover on locating the main shaft and a plurality of blades that the even annular array of barrel periphery distributes, and the blade is connected with the wheel hub of both sides, and wheel hub's center is equipped with the opening.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention can realize the change of the propulsion direction by the contraposition position of the outlet and the outer opening through the rotation of the main shaft, does not need to reflect water flow, does not have the problem of increasing kinetic energy loss, can ensure that the reverse propulsion and the forward propulsion reach the same efficiency, and finally realizes the functions of reversing and water spray output by one power source.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a side view of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view C-C of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is an exploded view of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a partial schematic view of an inner housing of an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of an impeller body of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a hub in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a one-way clutch mechanism of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a first schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention for switching the state of the medium entering from the first outer port and the second outer port ejecting from the second outer port to the state of the medium entering from the second outer port and the first outer port ejecting from the first outer port;

FIG. 13 is a second schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention for switching the state of the medium entering from the first outer port and the second outer port ejecting from the second outer port to the state of the medium entering from the second outer port and the first outer port ejecting from the first outer port;

FIG. 14 is a third schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention for switching the state of the medium entering from the first outer port, the second outer port ejecting to the state of the second outer port entering, the first outer port ejecting;

FIG. 15 is a fourth schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention for switching the state of the medium entering from the first outer port, the second outer port ejecting to the state of the second outer port entering, the first outer port ejecting;

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, which is used to change the state of the medium entering from the first outer port, the second outer port ejecting from the first outer port to the state of the medium entering from the second outer port, and the first outer port ejecting from the second outer port;

FIG. 17 is a sixth schematic diagram illustrating the state of the first outer port ejecting and the second outer port ejecting, wherein the state of the first outer port ejecting and the second outer port ejecting is changed to the state of the second outer port ejecting according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a seventh schematic diagram illustrating the state of the first outer port ejecting and the second outer port ejecting, wherein the state of the first outer port ejecting and the state of the second outer port ejecting are changed according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 19 is a schematic diagram eight illustrating a state where the medium enters from the first outer port and the second outer port is ejected, and a state where the medium enters from the second outer port and the first outer port is ejected, according to the embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: the device comprises an outer shell 1, an outer port 11, a first outer port 111, a second outer port 112, a trash discharge port 12, a main shaft 2, an inner shell 3, an impeller 4, an impeller main body 41, a hub 42, a cylinder 411, blades 412, an outlet 31, an inlet 32, a positioning mechanism 5, a positioning ring 51, a positioning groove 52, a pin hole 53, a floating pin 54, a positioning protrusion 55, a one-way clutch mechanism 6, a clutch ring 61, a clutch groove 62, a ratchet 63, a ball groove 64, a first groove surface 641, a second groove surface 642, balls 65, a rotary support 7, a support body 71 and a bearing 72.

Detailed Description

The subject matter described herein will now be discussed with reference to example embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and thereby implement the subject matter described herein, and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or examples set forth in the claims. Changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements discussed without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Various examples may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as needed. For example, the described methods may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. In addition, features described with respect to some examples may also be combined in other examples.

In this embodiment, a controllable bidirectional reversing mechanism is provided, which is an overall schematic view of a controllable bidirectional reversing mechanism according to the present invention as shown in fig. 1, and which comprises, as shown in fig. 1 to 8:

the outer shell 1 is internally provided with a main shaft 2 connected with the output end of a power source and an inner shell 3 which can rotate around the main shaft 2;

a main shaft 2, on which an impeller 4 rotating synchronously with the main shaft 2 is arranged;

interior casing 3, it is hollow structure, inside is equipped with the cavity that holds impeller 4, be equipped with an export 31 on its excircle face, the one side or the two sides of both sides terminal surface are equipped with import 32, be equipped with on the shell body 1 can constitute the outer mouth 11 of passageway with the cooperation of export 31 on the excircle face of interior casing 3, main shaft 2 drive impeller 4's rotation can be through the centrifugal action of impeller 4 with the medium from the import 32 of interior casing 3 inhale, then from the export 31 blowout of interior casing 3, then from an outer mouthful 11 blowout on the shell body 1, the medium is inhaled from another outer mouthful 11 of shell body 1.

Be equipped with between shell body 1 and the interior casing 3 and be used for the positioning mechanism 5 to the rotational positioning of interior casing 3, it includes the protrusion in the holding ring 51 of interior casing 3 terminal surface and the inside and holding ring 51 clearance fit's of shell body 1 constant head tank 52, it sets up pinhole 53 to be equipped with two symmetries on the holding ring 51, be equipped with in the pinhole 53 can be in pinhole 53 gliding unsteady round pin 54, it is protruding two protruding location 55 to be equipped with to the inside on the wall of constant head tank 52 correspondingly, the upper portion and the lower part of constant head tank 52 are located respectively to these two protruding 55 locations, export 31 of interior casing 3 communicates with an outer mouthful 11 of shell body 1 when unsteady round pin 54 rotates the protruding 55 position in location.

The impeller 4, there are unidirectional clutch mechanisms 6 between inner housing 3 and its both ends, the unidirectional clutch mechanism 6 limits the impeller 4 to drive the inner housing 3 to rotate unidirectionally;

assuming that the rotation direction when the impeller 4 drives the medium to be ejected from the outlet 31 is counterclockwise, and the two outer ports 11 are the first outer port 111 and the second outer port 112, respectively, then the one-way clutch mechanism 6 restricts the inner housing 3 to rotate only clockwise;

on the above assumption, if it is necessary to realize the state of entering the medium from the first outer port 111, ejecting from the second outer port 112, and switching to the state of entering the second outer port 112, ejecting from the first outer port 111, the following process is required:

as shown in fig. 12-13, initially (during normal water spraying), the impeller 4 rotates counterclockwise, at this time, the one-way clutch mechanism 6 restricts the power of the impeller 4 from being transmitted to the inner housing 3, the floating pin 54 below the inner housing 3 slides out of the pin hole 53 due to gravity and abuts against the positioning protrusion 55 at the lower part of the outer housing 1 to restrict the counterclockwise rotation of the inner housing 3, so as to avoid the rotation of the inner housing 3 driven by the medium flowing power and maintain the alignment between the outlet 31 and the first outer port 111;

as shown in fig. 14-15, when the position is changed, the impeller 4 is changed from the counterclockwise rotation to the clockwise rotation, the one-way clutch mechanism 6 transmits torque between the impeller 4 and the inner housing 3, the inner housing 3 is driven to rotate clockwise, the floating pins 54 slide out of the pin holes 53 due to centrifugal action, in this state, after the inner housing 3 rotates 180 degrees, one floating pin 54 abuts against the positioning protrusion 55 at the upper part of the positioning groove 52 along with the rotation of the inner housing 3 to limit the rotation of the inner housing 3, and at this time, the outlet 31 of the inner housing 3 is communicated with the second outer port 112;

as shown in fig. 16-17, after a short detention, the other floating pin 54 at the bottom of the inner housing 3 slides out of the pin hole 53 due to gravity;

as shown in fig. 18-19, after the impeller 4 returns to rotate counterclockwise, the floating pin 54 at the bottom part of the inner housing 3 rotates counterclockwise by a small angle due to the medium flow force, abuts against the positioning protrusion 55 at the lower part of the positioning groove 52, and the floating pin 54 at the top part slides into the pin hole 53 again due to the gravity;

the position of the floating pin 54 itself and the position of the floating pin 54 relative to the positioning boss 55 are not changed from before the shift, and only the outer port 11 corresponding to the outlet 31 is switched.

The state of the medium injected from the first outer port 111 needs to be changed to the state of the medium injected from the second outer port 112, and the state of the medium injected from the first outer port 111 is the same as the above process, which is not described herein again.

Another problem to be considered in this embodiment is the conversion of the direction of rotation of the impeller 4, and this embodiment specifically provides a way of conversion:

the power source adopts the motor of connection controller, and the controller can control the just reversal of motor at least, switches over the just reversal of motor through the controller, and then switches over the turning to of main shaft 2 and impeller 4.

In the embodiment, the reversing and water spraying output functions are finally realized by one power source.

The present embodiment further provides another transformation manner:

a reversing gearbox is arranged between a power source and the main shaft 2, and the rotation directions of the main shaft 2 and the impeller 4 are converted in a mechanical mode.

In the present embodiment, the power source may output torque, which may be selected from, but not limited to: an electric motor, a hydraulic motor.

In this embodiment, the floating pin 54 stops the counterclockwise rotation of the inner housing 3 against the positioning projection 55 at the lower portion of the positioning groove 52, and the floating pin 54 stops the clockwise rotation of the inner housing 3 against the positioning projection 55 at the upper portion of the positioning groove 52.

In the present embodiment, a connecting line between the interference points of the two positioning protrusions 55 and the floating pins 54 is located at one side of the center of the positioning groove 52, and the center of the positioning groove 52 is located on the connecting line between the two floating pins 54. This ensures that when one floating pin 54 abuts against the upper positioning projection 55, the other floating pin 54 can straddle the lower positioning projection 55, and when the impeller 4 is reversed again, the other floating pin abuts against the lower positioning projection 55 to restrict the rotation of the inner casing 3.

In the present embodiment, the two positioning protrusions 55 on the positioning groove 52 of the outer housing 1 are respectively located at the highest point and the lowest point of the positioning groove 52. Ensuring that the floating pin 54 slides better against the locating projection 55 due to gravity.

In the present embodiment, a slewing bearing 7 is provided between the outer casing 1 and the inner casing 3, and the slewing bearing 7 includes an annular support body 71 provided outside the positioning ring 51 of the inner casing 3 and a bearing 72 provided between the support body and the outer casing 1.

As shown in fig. 11, in the present embodiment, the one-way clutch mechanism 6 can be selected but not limited to a ratchet clutch, a roller clutch, and a wedge clutch, and the present embodiment specifically provides a structure of the one-way clutch mechanism 6, which includes a clutch ring 61 disposed on end surfaces of two sides of the impeller 4 and a clutch groove 62 inside the inner housing 3 and engaged with the clutch ring 61, wherein a plurality of ratchet teeth 63 uniformly distributed in an annular array are disposed on an inner circular surface of the clutch groove 62, a plurality of ball grooves 64 uniformly distributed in an annular array are disposed on an outer circular surface of the clutch ring 61, and are V-shaped grooves, an axis of the clutch ring 61 is located on a first groove surface 641 of the ball grooves 64, and balls 65 are disposed in the ball grooves 64. When the clutch ring 61 rotates counterclockwise with the impeller 4, the first groove surface 641 of the ball groove 64 pushes the balls 65 to slide through the tooth backs of the ratchet teeth 63 of the clutch groove 62 with counterclockwise rotation, and no power is transmitted between the clutch ring 61 and the clutch groove 62;

when the clutch ring 61 rotates clockwise along with the impeller 4, the second groove surface 642 of the ball groove 64 pushes the balls 65 away from the axial center of the clutch ring 61, the balls 65 are embedded in the ratchet teeth 63, at this time, the clutch ring 61 is braked by the ratchet teeth 63, that is, the power of the clutch ring 61 is transmitted to the clutch groove 62, and the clutch ring 61 can transmit the torque to the inner housing 3 to drive the inner housing 3 to rotate;

it should be noted that, in this embodiment, the medium may be selected from, but not limited to, fluid such as air, water, etc.;

although the bottom of the outer casing 1 is shown as an open structure in fig. 1, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the bottom may be provided with a matching base or cover plate to close the bottom.

The controllable bidirectional reversing mechanism of this embodiment is used as a function of conveying a medium, a speed of outputting the medium needs to be considered, as a way of improving an output speed, the impeller 4 adopts a double suction impeller, in this embodiment, a structure of the impeller 4 is specifically provided, as shown in fig. 9 to 10, the structure includes an impeller main body 41 and hubs 42 arranged at both sides of the impeller main body 41, wherein the impeller main body 41 includes a cylinder 411 sleeved on the main shaft 2 and a plurality of blades 412 uniformly distributed in an annular array at the periphery of the cylinder 411, the blades 412 are connected with the hubs 42 at both sides, and an opening is arranged at the center of the hub 42. When the impeller 4 rotates, the medium enters from the opening of the hub 42, is driven to the outer circle direction by the impeller 4, is limited by the inner shell 3 and then flows out from the outlet 31;

as a structure of the combined impeller 4, the blades 412 of the impeller 4 are clamped with the hub 42, the impeller 4 is provided with a clamping block extending along the axial direction of the cylinder 411, the hub 42 is provided with a corresponding clamping groove, and the clamping block is matched with the clamping groove to connect the impeller 4 with the hub 42;

the controllable bidirectional reversing mechanism of the embodiment serves as a medium conveying function, it needs to be considered that a medium may contain impurities, impurities in fluid can smoothly flow along with the medium, and adverse consequences caused by deposition of the solid impurities inside need to be considered for the solid impurities, and in order to solve the problem, the embodiment provides a way of discharging the solid impurities:

the bottom of the outer shell 1 is provided with a trash discharging port 12, and deposited impurities are discharged through the trash discharging port 12.

But the trash outlet 12 cannot be provided too large because the outer casing 1 needs to remain relatively closed.

The following is thus further provided:

the inner shell 3 is in a cam shape as a whole, and a trash discharge port 12 is arranged at the bottom of the outer shell 1. The inner housing 3 extrudes impurities deposited inside the outer housing 1 during the reversing rotation due to the press-fit of the cam-shaped inner housing 3 with the inner wall of the outer housing 1.

The solid impurities may be sand or small-particle impurities, and for larger-particle impurities, the impurities should be blocked outside the reversing mechanism in a filtering manner.

Claims

1. A controllable bidirectional reversing mechanism, comprising:

-an outer casing (1) inside which a main shaft (2) connected to the output of the power source and an inner casing (3) rotatable around the main shaft (2) are arranged;

-a main shaft (2) on which an impeller (4) rotating synchronously with the main shaft (2) is arranged;

-an inner shell (3) having a hollow structure, and having a cavity therein for accommodating an impeller (4), wherein an outlet (31) is formed in an outer circumferential surface of the inner shell, an inlet (32) is formed in one or both of two side end surfaces of the inner shell, an outer port (11) capable of forming a passage in cooperation with the outlet (31) formed in the outer circumferential surface of the inner shell (3) is formed in the outer shell (1), the rotation of the impeller (4) driven by the spindle (2) can suck a medium from the inlet (32) of the inner shell (3) through the centrifugal action of the impeller (4), and then the medium is ejected from the outlet (31) of the inner shell (3) and then ejected from one outer port (11) of the outer shell (1), and the medium is sucked from the other outer port (11) of the outer shell (1);

a positioning mechanism (5) for rotationally positioning the inner shell (3) is arranged between the outer shell (1) and the inner shell (3), the positioning mechanism comprises a positioning ring (51) protruding out of the end surface of the inner shell (3) and a positioning groove (52) which is arranged inside the outer shell (1) and is in clearance fit with the positioning ring (51), two symmetrical pin holes (53) are formed in the positioning ring (51), a floating pin (54) capable of sliding in the pin hole (53) is arranged in the pin hole (53), two positioning protrusions (55) protruding inwards are correspondingly arranged on the wall of the positioning groove (52), the two positioning protrusions (55) are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the positioning groove (52), and an outlet (31) of the inner shell (3) is communicated with an outer opening (11) of the outer shell (1) when the floating pin (54) rotates to the position of the positioning protrusions (55);

-an impeller (4) with a one-way clutch mechanism (6) between its two ends and the inner housing (3), the one-way clutch mechanism (6) limiting the one-way driving of the inner housing (3) by the impeller (4) to rotate.

2. A controllable reversing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the floating pin (54) stops the inner housing (3) from rotating counterclockwise against the locating projection (55) on the lower part of the locating groove (52), and the floating pin (54) stops the inner housing (3) from rotating clockwise against the locating projection (55) on the upper part of the locating groove (52).

3. A controllable reversing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the line between the two abutting points of the positioning protrusions (55) and the floating pin (54) is located on one side of the center of the positioning groove (52), and the center of the positioning groove (52) is located on the line between the two floating pins (54).

4. A controllable reversing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the two positioning protrusions (55) on the positioning groove (52) of the outer housing (1) are located at the highest point and the lowest point of the positioning groove (52), respectively.

5. A controllable reversing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that a slewing bearing (7) is arranged between the outer housing (1) and the inner housing (3), which slewing bearing (7) comprises an annular support body (71) arranged outside the positioning ring (51) of the inner housing (3) and a bearing (72) between the support body and the outer housing (1).

6. The controllable bidirectional reversing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the one-way clutch mechanism (6) includes a clutch ring (61) disposed on end surfaces of both sides of the impeller (4) and a clutch groove (62) inside the inner housing (3) and engaged with the clutch ring (61), an inner circular surface of the clutch groove (62) is provided with a plurality of ratchet teeth (63) distributed in a uniform circular array, an outer circular surface of the clutch ring (61) is provided with a plurality of ball grooves (64) distributed in a uniform circular array, the ball grooves (64) are V-shaped grooves, and balls (65) are disposed in the ball grooves (64).

7. A controllable reversing mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that the axis of the clutch ring (61) is located on the first groove surface (641) of the ball groove (64).

8. The controllable bidirectional reversing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the impeller (4) is a double-suction impeller and comprises an impeller main body (41) and hubs (42) arranged on two sides of the impeller main body (41), wherein the impeller main body (41) comprises a cylinder (411) sleeved on the spindle (2) and a plurality of blades (412) uniformly distributed in an annular array on the periphery of the cylinder (411), the blades (412) are connected with the hubs (42) on two sides, and an opening is formed in the center of the hub (42).