CN112629458A - Method for monitoring displacement of surface layer of landslide body - Google Patents
Method for monitoring displacement of surface layer of landslide body Download PDFInfo
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- CN112629458A CN112629458A CN202011368490.2A CN202011368490A CN112629458A CN 112629458 A CN112629458 A CN 112629458A CN 202011368490 A CN202011368490 A CN 202011368490A CN 112629458 A CN112629458 A CN 112629458A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
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- Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for monitoring surface displacement of a landslide body. In the invention, a plurality of observation piles are arranged in a landslide area to form a plurality of observation lines and an observation network; at two ends of each observation line, a mirror pile, an sighting pile and a guard pile are arranged on the stabilizing body; measuring the displacement value of each pile in the direction perpendicular to the observation line by using a precision theodolite, and leveling and measuring the lifting value of each pile by using a level gauge, so that the displacement amount and the displacement direction of each observation pile in a three-dimensional space can be controlled; the landslide dangerous situation is detected by monitoring through a ground observation network, so that the accuracy of detection is improved, the method has suitable topographic and geomorphic conditions, and the labor burden of workers is reduced; the method not only needs to carry out danger elimination on the slipped part, thereby ensuring the personal safety of the following emergency workers, but also reduces the occurrence of secondary disasters, thereby improving the safety of the method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of landslide treatment, and particularly relates to a method for monitoring displacement of a surface layer of a landslide body.
Background
Landslide is a common geological disaster in mountainous areas. Firstly, the method is a natural disaster and forms direct danger to the lives and properties of people; secondly, it is closely related to human activities, which often contribute and exacerbate the growth and development of landslide. The landslide is a phenomenon that rock-soil bodies on a slope landform change the stress state in a certain weak part zone or plane in the slope body due to various reasons under the action of gravity and the like, or the strength of the rock-soil bodies is reduced due to water and other physical and chemical actions, and the structure of the rock-soil bodies is damaged due to vibration or other actions, the zone (or plane) generates shear failure under the condition that the zone (or plane) is higher than the strength, and the rock-soil bodies above the zone (or plane) are unstable to form a whole body or a plurality of blocks slide downwards and forwards along the zone, and is called landslide.
However, the accuracy of the common detection method is not high enough during detection, so that the depth of the landslide cannot be accurately calculated, and great trouble is caused in the subsequent treatment and emergency rescue process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to solve the problems, a method for monitoring the displacement of the surface layer of the landslide body is provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for monitoring surface displacement of a landslide body comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging a plurality of observation piles in the landslide area to form a plurality of observation lines and an observation network;
s2, arranging mirror piles, sighting piles and guard piles on the stabilizing bodies at two ends of each observation line; measuring the displacement value of each pile in the direction perpendicular to the observation line by using a precision theodolite, and leveling and measuring the lifting value of each pile by using a level gauge, so that the displacement amount and the displacement direction of each observation pile in a three-dimensional space can be controlled;
s3, the step of establishing the network includes firstly performing on-site survey, and preliminarily determining the landslide monitoring range, the main shaft position, the observation network type and the mirror placing point which may be selected, and the position of the collimation point;
s4, arranging observation wire nets on site and determining the number of various piles; arranging a pile, an sighting pile and a pile guard;
s5, placing two theodolites on the mirror-placing piles of two mutually crossed observation lines respectively, crossing the position of the observation pile (the 'riding pile' method can be adopted when only one instrument is used), pouring the observation pile on site, and simultaneously setting an observation mark point;
s6, numbering, describing and establishing a card for the position of each pile;
s7, after the pile is stabilized, measuring the pile on a plane, carrying out first observation, and recording an initial value;
s8, writing an observation line by a theodolite, and measuring the displacement value of the vertical observation line by a set square; if the photoelectric distance meter and the laser theodolite are used, the earth surface monitoring is more convenient and accurate.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the observation line should be matched with the main axis of the landslide, so as to make full use of the observation data; the distance between observation lines is preferably 15-30 m, the distance between piles is preferably 15-30 m, and the piles can be arranged at equal intervals according to the requirements of a field.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, 1 to 2 observation piles are laid on each observation line outside the periphery of the landslide to monitor the extension range of the landslide; the mirror-placing piles and the level base point piles are observation reference points and need to be firmly arranged, and 2-4 guard piles are additionally arranged so as to prevent the original positions of the piles from being restored in case of damage or loss.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, when a landslide is encountered during an emergency rescue, the mountain is first calmed and not confused; then necessary measures are taken to rapidly evacuate to a safe place; people and equipment are quickly evacuated in a direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of the rolling stones; under the condition of ensuring safety, the closer to the original place is, the better the traffic, water and electricity are, the more convenient and better; avoiding running towards the landslide direction during evacuation; let alone roll with the landslide.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, in the investigation, dangerous stones in the landslide deposit may be removed; due to the fact that the hard rock mass moves irregularly, gaps in the accumulated body are large, interaction force among the rocks is mostly near a critical point, the rocks are easy to roll off due to the fact that the rocks are disturbed by factors such as rainwater and human, and serious losses are caused to personnel and equipment for rescue of a company; therefore, the sliding trend of the stones is pre-judged before the stones enter the piled rock mass, and the high-risk stones are cleared firstly; according to the actual situation, the method for removing the high-risk stones can be realized by manual prying, small boulder decomposition, directional control blasting, mechanical obstacle removal and the like.
In a preferred embodiment, after the step S8, not only the landslide part is rescued, but also the periphery of the landslide body is treated, so as to avoid secondary disasters caused by rainstorm and other factors during the rescue process; finding out the landform, stratigraphic lithology, geological structure and hydrogeological condition of the landslide, determining the type, scale, formation mechanism and evolution stage of the landslide, and predicting the evolution trend of the landslide; the principle of one row, two grades, three reductions and four firms should be adhered to in the prevention and treatment; the adopted treatment measures are as follows: supporting and retaining engineering: the anti-skidding open cut tunnel comprises an anti-skidding retaining wall, anti-skidding piles, pre-stressed anchor cables, anchor cable piles, micro pile groups, ordinary mortar anchor rod anchoring, lattice anchoring and anti-skidding open cut tunnels.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the plastic pipe is embedded in the drilled hole (the connection part is smooth) to 3-5 m below the expected sliding surface, and then the copper rod with a diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the pipe is periodically placed in the observation hole for measurement; when the plastic pipe is extruded and bent by landslide displacement, the position of the sliding surface can be measured by blocking the copper rod at the sliding surface; this method can only measure the position of the upper sliding surface; when the sliding surface has more than two layers, a copper bar can be placed at the bottom of the hole, and the position of the lower sliding belt can be measured by a lifting method.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S6, in order to observe the displacement of each point below the ground, a series of stacked wellheads may be placed in the well using an exploration well; filling tightly outside the ring, and hanging a plumb bob from the ground to a bottom hole stable layer to be used as an observation base line; when the rings are displaced along with the displacement of the landslide, the displacement of the rings at different depths can be measured, and the position of the sliding surface can be judged.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the invention, the landslide dangerous case is detected by monitoring the ground observation network, so that the accuracy of detection is improved, the method has suitable topographic and geomorphic conditions, complicated calculation is not needed, the working efficiency of emergency treatment of the dangerous case is simplified, and the labor burden of workers is reduced.
2. In the invention, the landslide part is not only subjected to danger elimination, but also the periphery of the landslide body is treated, so that secondary disasters caused by factors such as rainstorm and the like in the rescue process are avoided, the personal safety of subsequent rescue workers is ensured, the occurrence of secondary disasters is reduced, and the safety of the method is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A method for monitoring surface displacement of a landslide body comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging a plurality of observation piles in the landslide area to form a plurality of observation lines and an observation network; in the step S1, when a landslide is encountered in the emergency rescue process, the mountain is firstly calmed and needs not to be confused; then necessary measures are taken to rapidly evacuate to a safe place; people and equipment are quickly evacuated in a direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of the rolling stones; under the condition of ensuring safety, the closer to the original place is, the better the traffic, water and electricity are, the more convenient and better; avoiding running towards the landslide direction during evacuation; even more, the rolling along with the landslide is not needed to be taken a step;
s2, arranging mirror piles, sighting piles and guard piles on the stabilizing bodies at two ends of each observation line; measuring the displacement value of each pile in the direction perpendicular to the observation line by using a precision theodolite, and leveling and measuring the lifting value of each pile by using a level gauge, so that the displacement amount and the displacement direction of each observation pile in a three-dimensional space can be controlled; in step S2, an observation line should be matched with the landslide main axis to make full use of the observation data; the distance between observation lines is preferably 15-30 m, the distance between piles is preferably 15-30 m, and the piles can be arranged at equal intervals according to the needs of a field; in the step S2, 1-2 observation piles are arranged outside the landslide periphery of each observation line to monitor the landslide expansion range; the mirror placing piles and the level base point piles are observation reference points and need to be firmly arranged, and 2-4 guard piles are additionally arranged to prevent the original positions of the mirror placing piles and the level base point piles from being restored in case of damage or loss;
s3, the step of establishing the network includes firstly performing on-site survey, and preliminarily determining the landslide monitoring range, the main shaft position, the observation network type and the mirror placing point which may be selected, and the position of the collimation point; in the step S3, in investigation, dangerous stones in the landslide accumulation body can be removed; due to the fact that the hard rock mass moves irregularly, gaps in the accumulated body are large, interaction force among the rocks is mostly near a critical point, the rocks are easy to roll off due to the fact that the rocks are disturbed by factors such as rainwater and human, and serious losses are caused to personnel and equipment for rescue of a company; therefore, the sliding trend of the stones is pre-judged before the stones enter the piled rock mass, and the high-risk stones are cleared firstly; on site, according to actual conditions, methods such as manual prying, boulder decomposition, directional control blasting, mechanical obstacle removal and the like can be adopted for removing high-risk stones; in the step S3, a plastic pipe (the connection part is smooth) can be embedded in the drilled hole to 3-5 m below the expected sliding surface, and then a copper rod with the diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the pipe is placed into the observation hole for measurement at regular intervals; when the plastic pipe is extruded and bent by landslide displacement, the position of the sliding surface can be measured by blocking the copper rod at the sliding surface; this method can only measure the position of the upper sliding surface; when the sliding surface is more than two layers, a copper bar can be placed at the bottom of the hole, and the position of the lower sliding belt is measured by a lifting method;
s4, arranging observation wire nets on site and determining the number of various piles; arranging a pile, an sighting pile and a pile guard;
s5, placing two theodolites on the mirror-placing piles of two mutually crossed observation lines respectively, crossing the position of the observation pile (the 'riding pile' method can be adopted when only one instrument is used), pouring the observation pile on site, and simultaneously setting an observation mark point;
s6, numbering, describing and establishing a card for the position of each pile; in step S6, in order to observe the displacement of each point below the ground, an exploration well may be used, in which a series of stacked well rings (concrete rings or steel rings) are placed in the well, the outside of the rings is tightly filled, and a hanging ball is hung from the ground to the bottom stable layer as an observation base line; when each ring shifts along with the displacement of the landslide, the displacement of each ring at different depths can be measured, and the position of the sliding surface can be judged;
s7, after the pile is stabilized, measuring the pile on a plane, carrying out first observation, and recording an initial value;
s8, writing an observation line by a theodolite, and measuring the displacement value of the vertical observation line by a set square; if a photoelectric distance meter and a laser theodolite are used, the earth surface monitoring is more convenient and accurate; after the step S8, not only the landslide part needs to be rescued, but also the periphery of the landslide body needs to be treated, so as to avoid secondary disasters caused by factors such as rainstorm and the like in the emergency rescue process; finding out the landform, stratigraphic lithology, geological structure and hydrogeological condition of the landslide, determining the type, scale, formation mechanism and evolution stage of the landslide, and predicting the evolution trend of the landslide; the principle of one row, two grades, three reductions and four firms should be adhered to in the prevention and treatment; the adopted treatment measures are as follows: supporting and retaining engineering: the anti-skidding open cut tunnel comprises an anti-skidding retaining wall, anti-skidding piles, pre-stressed anchor cables, anchor cable piles, micro pile groups, ordinary mortar anchor rod anchoring, lattice anchoring and anti-skidding open cut tunnels.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for monitoring the displacement of the surface layer of a landslide body is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for monitoring the displacement of the surface layer of the landslide body comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging a plurality of observation piles in the landslide area to form a plurality of observation lines and an observation network;
s2, arranging mirror piles, sighting piles and guard piles on the stabilizing bodies at two ends of each observation line; measuring the displacement value of each pile in the direction perpendicular to the observation line by using a precision theodolite, and leveling and measuring the lifting value of each pile by using a level gauge, so that the displacement amount and the displacement direction of each observation pile in a three-dimensional space can be controlled;
s3, the step of establishing the network includes firstly performing on-site survey, and preliminarily determining the landslide monitoring range, the main shaft position, the observation network type and the mirror placing point which may be selected, and the position of the collimation point;
s4, arranging observation wire nets on site and determining the number of various piles; arranging a pile, an sighting pile and a pile guard;
s5, placing two theodolites on the mirror-placing piles of two mutually crossed observation lines respectively, crossing the position of the observation pile (the 'riding pile' method can be adopted when only one instrument is used), pouring the observation pile on site, and simultaneously setting an observation mark point;
s6, numbering, describing and establishing a card for the position of each pile;
s7, after the pile is stabilized, measuring the pile on a plane, carrying out first observation, and recording an initial value;
s8, writing an observation line by a theodolite, and measuring the displacement value of the vertical observation line by a set square; if the photoelectric distance meter and the laser theodolite are used, the earth surface monitoring is more convenient and accurate.
2. The method for monitoring the displacement of the surface layer of the sliding mass according to claim 1, wherein: in step S2, one observation line should coincide with the landslide main axis, so as to fully utilize the observation data; the distance between observation lines is preferably 15-30 m, the distance between piles is preferably 15-30 m, and the piles can be arranged at equal intervals according to the requirements of a field.
3. The method for monitoring the displacement of the surface layer of the sliding mass according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, 1-2 observation piles are arranged outside the landslide periphery of each observation line to monitor the landslide expansion range; the mirror-placing piles and the level base point piles are observation reference points and need to be firmly arranged, and 2-4 guard piles are additionally arranged so as to prevent the original positions of the piles from being restored in case of damage or loss.
4. The method for monitoring the displacement of the surface layer of the sliding mass according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, when a landslide is encountered in the emergency rescue process, the mountain is firstly calmed and needs not to be confused; then necessary measures are taken to rapidly evacuate to a safe place; people and equipment are quickly evacuated in a direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of the rolling stones; under the condition of ensuring safety, the closer to the original place is, the better the traffic, water and electricity are, the more convenient and better; avoiding running towards the landslide direction during evacuation; let alone roll with the landslide.
5. The method for monitoring the displacement of the surface layer of the sliding mass according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, in investigation, dangerous stones in the landslide accumulation body can be removed; due to the fact that the hard rock mass moves irregularly, gaps in the accumulated body are large, interaction force among the rocks is mostly near a critical point, the rocks are easy to roll off due to the fact that the rocks are disturbed by factors such as rainwater and human, and serious losses are caused to personnel and equipment for rescue of a company; therefore, the sliding trend of the stones is pre-judged before the stones enter the piled rock mass, and the high-risk stones are cleared firstly; according to the actual situation, the method for removing the high-risk stones can be realized by manual prying, small boulder decomposition, directional control blasting, mechanical obstacle removal and the like.
6. The method for monitoring the displacement of the surface layer of the sliding mass according to claim 1, wherein: after the step S8, not only the landslide part needs to be rescued, but also the periphery of the landslide body needs to be treated, so as to avoid secondary disasters caused by factors such as rainstorm and the like in the emergency rescue process; finding out the landform, stratigraphic lithology, geological structure and hydrogeological condition of the landslide, determining the type, scale, formation mechanism and evolution stage of the landslide, and predicting the evolution trend of the landslide; the principle of one row, two grades, three reductions and four firms should be adhered to in the prevention and treatment; the adopted treatment measures are as follows: supporting and retaining engineering: the anti-skidding open cut tunnel comprises an anti-skidding retaining wall, anti-skidding piles, pre-stressed anchor cables, anchor cable piles, micro pile groups, ordinary mortar anchor rod anchoring, lattice anchoring and anti-skidding open cut tunnels.
7. The method for monitoring the displacement of the surface layer of the sliding mass according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, a plastic pipe (the connection part is smooth) can be embedded in the drilled hole to 3-5 m below the expected sliding surface, and then a copper rod with the diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the pipe is placed into the observation hole for measurement at regular intervals; when the plastic pipe is extruded and bent by landslide displacement, the position of the sliding surface can be measured by blocking the copper rod at the sliding surface; this method can only measure the position of the upper sliding surface; when the sliding surface has more than two layers, a copper bar can be placed at the bottom of the hole, and the position of the lower sliding belt can be measured by a lifting method.
8. The method for monitoring the displacement of the surface layer of the sliding mass according to claim 1, wherein: in step S6, in order to observe the displacement of each point below the ground, an exploration well may be used, in which a series of stacked well rings (concrete rings or steel rings) are placed in the well, the outside of the rings is tightly filled, and a hanging ball is hung from the ground to the bottom stable layer as an observation base line; when the rings are displaced along with the displacement of the landslide, the displacement of the rings at different depths can be measured, and the position of the sliding surface can be judged.
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| CN103150421A (en) * | 2013-02-02 | 2013-06-12 | 青岛理工大学 | Method for simultaneously determining pile position and critical depth of slide-resistant pile by utilizing displacement monitoring |
| CN204479060U (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-07-15 | 天津二十冶建设有限公司 | A kind of subgrade stability recording geometry |
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