CN112619895A - Air magnetic dry separation device and magnetic bead recovery method for improving utilization rate of fly ash - Google Patents
Air magnetic dry separation device and magnetic bead recovery method for improving utilization rate of fly ash Download PDFInfo
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- CN112619895A CN112619895A CN202110034150.4A CN202110034150A CN112619895A CN 112619895 A CN112619895 A CN 112619895A CN 202110034150 A CN202110034150 A CN 202110034150A CN 112619895 A CN112619895 A CN 112619895A
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- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/16—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carriers in the form of belts
- B03C1/18—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carriers in the form of belts with magnets moving during operation
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an air magnetic dry separation device and a magnetic bead recovery method for improving the utilization rate of fly ash, wherein the air magnetic dry separation device is used for screening magnetic beads from magnetic materials and comprises the following steps: the device comprises a transmission assembly, a magnetic assembly and an air draft assembly; the transmission assembly comprises a conveying component, the conveying component conveys the magnetic materials to a magnetic separation area corresponding to the magnetic component, when the air draft assembly is used for generating negative pressure in the magnetic separation area, the magnetic component keeps the magnetic beads on the conveying component based on the magnetic force of the magnetic beads and the negative pressure, the air draft assembly sucks away the residual materials, and the conveying component conveys the magnetic beads to a specified area. The technical scheme of the invention aims to solve the technical problem of low iron grade extracted from solid waste in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of resource recovery equipment, in particular to an air magnetic dry separation device and a magnetic bead recovery method for improving the utilization rate of fly ash.
Background
Coal-fired plants produce large quantities of solid waste (fly ash). Solid waste (such as fly ash) contains a large amount of iron ore. And magnetic beads are screened from the solid wastes, so that the effective recycling of iron resources is facilitated.
Taking fly ash as an example, most fly ash in China is utilized in traditional projects of brick firing, road building, cement and concrete admixture making and the like, only a few domestic household electrical appliances are provided with fly ash dry separation iron extraction facilities to extract iron from the fly ash for enrichment treatment, but due to simple process, only rough concentrate with the iron grade of about 45 percent can be produced, and the fly ash cannot be directly used as sintering ingredients.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an air magnetic dry separation device and a magnetic bead recovery method for improving the utilization rate of fly ash, and aims to solve the technical problem of low iron grade in solid waste in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an air magnetic dry separation device for screening magnetic beads from a magnetic material, the air magnetic dry separation device including: the device comprises a transmission assembly, a magnetic assembly and an air draft assembly;
the transmission assembly comprises a conveying component which conveys the magnetic materials to a magnetic separation area corresponding to the magnetic assembly,
when the convulsions subassembly is in when the magnetic separation region produces the negative pressure, the magnetic force subassembly will the magnetic bead based on both magnetic forces keep in on the transfer unit, and the convulsions subassembly is siphoned away the clout, makes the transfer unit will the magnetic bead is carried to the appointed region.
Optionally, the air magnetic dry separation device further comprises a driving assembly, and the magnetic assembly further comprises at least two magnetic systems; the magnetic field intensity of at least two magnetism systems is inequality, works as the convulsions subassembly is in when the regional negative pressure that produces of magnetic separation, drive assembly drive the magnetic force subassembly, so that the magnetic bead with magnetic force between the magnetic force subassembly can change.
Optionally, the moving direction of the driving assembly is: the transmission direction of the transmission belt is consistent with that of the transmission belt within a first designated time; in a second designated time, the transmission direction of the transmission belt is opposite to that of the transmission belt; wherein, the speed of the driving component for driving the magnetic component is greater than the transmission speed of the transmission belt.
Optionally, the number of the magnetic assemblies is at least two, and the at least two magnetic assemblies are arranged at intervals along the conveying direction of the conveying component, so that the magnetic materials pass through at least two magnetic separation areas; the air draft assembly comprises air draft hoods, the number of the air draft hoods is at least consistent with that of the magnetic assemblies, and each magnetic separation area is at least provided with one air draft hood.
Optionally, the air magnetic dry separation device further comprises a sealing assembly, the sealing assembly is used for defining a closed space, and the magnetic assembly is arranged in the closed space; the air draft assembly further comprises an air pipe and a fan, one end of the air pipe is communicated with the air draft cover, and the other end of the air pipe extends to the outside of the closed space and is communicated with the fan.
Optionally, the air magnetic dry separation device further comprises a uniform thickness component, the uniform thickness component comprises a uniform thickness plate, a passageway gap is defined between the uniform thickness plate and the conveying part, and the thickness of the layer of the magnetic material on the conveying part is 2-5 mm after the magnetic material passes through the passageway gap.
Optionally, the air magnetic dry separation device further comprises a controller, the controller is in communication connection with the transmission assembly, and the controller is in communication connection with the air draft assembly.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a magnetic bead recovery method for increasing a utilization rate of fly ash, where the recovery method includes: the magnetic beads were screened from the magnetic material using the air magnetic dry separation device described previously.
Optionally, the magnetic material is screened out of the expectation using a spiral magnetic separator prior to the step of screening the magnetic beads from the magnetic material using the aforementioned air magnetic dry separation device.
Optionally, the magnetic beads are collected using a recovery assembly after the step of screening the magnetic beads from the magnetic material using the aforementioned air magnetic dry separation device.
The invention provides an air magnetic dry separation device, which is used for screening magnetic beads from magnetic materials, and comprises: the device comprises a transmission assembly, a magnetic assembly and an air draft assembly; the transmission assembly comprises a conveying component, the conveying component conveys the magnetic materials to a magnetic separation area corresponding to the magnetic component, when the air draft assembly is used for generating negative pressure in the magnetic separation area, the magnetic component keeps the magnetic beads on the conveying component based on the magnetic force of the magnetic beads and the negative pressure, the air draft assembly sucks away the residual materials, and the conveying component conveys the magnetic beads to a specified area. The magnetic assembly is arranged below the conveying part, when the conveying part conveys the magnetic materials to the magnetic separation area, the magnetic beads are adsorbed on the conveying part by the downward magnetic force, and the non-magnetic or weak-magnetic materials cannot be attracted by the magnetic assembly; the air draft assembly generates negative pressure in the magnetic separation area, nonmagnetic or weak magnetic materials are sucked away by the air draft assembly, the magnetic beads are retained on the conveying component and are separated from the magnetic field area under the action of the conveying component to be transferred to the designated area. The magnetic beads obtained by the air magnetic dry separation device have high grade, and further higher economic value and social benefit are generated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a first schematic view of an air magnetic dry separation device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second principle of the air magnetic dry separation device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a third principle of the dry air magnetic separation device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a fourth schematic view of the air magnetic dry separation device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a preferred process flow of the magnetic bead recycling method for increasing the utilization rate of fly ash according to the present invention.
The reference numbers illustrate:
| reference numerals | Name (R) | Reference numerals | Name (R) |
| 100 | |
500 | |
| 200 | |
600 | |
| 300 | |
700 | |
| 400 | Closure assembly |
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in an embodiment of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the meaning of "and/or" appearing throughout includes three juxtapositions, exemplified by "A and/or B" including either A or B or both A and B. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
According to related data, the fly ash is used as common solid waste of coal-fired power plants in China, but the utilization rate of the fly ash solid waste is low. At present, most of the fly ash is utilized in the traditional projects of brick burning, road building, admixture of cement and concrete and the like; however, in the fly ash dry separation iron extraction facility, only coarse concentrate with an iron grade of about 45% can be produced due to the falling behind equipment, and the fly ash dry separation iron extraction facility cannot be directly used as a sintering ingredient. The grade generally refers to the proportion of the material containing the magnets, such as mass ratio or volume ratio.
For example, the iron grade of the pre-concentrated rough concentrate only reaches 43-46 percent, and SiO2The content is more than 12 percent, the quality requirement of sintering ingredients cannot be completely met, the content of-400 meshes in the fly ash rough concentrate reaches 70-80 percent, and the problems of difficult concentrate filtration and dehydration, difficult tailing concentration and sedimentation and pipeline blockage caused by hardened fly ash in the conveying process exist by adopting the traditional wet magnetic separation mode.
The invention provides a magnetic bead recovery method for improving the utilization rate of fly ash, which comprises the following steps of:
s300: and screening the magnetic beads from the magnetic material by using the air magnetic dry separation device.
It should be noted that before entering the air magnetic dry separation device, the grade of the magnetic beads in the magnetic material is preferably 45% to 53%. Aiming at the observation of a certain coal-fired power plant, when the grade of magnetic beads in magnetic materials entering the air magnetic dry separation device is 49.5-53%, the production efficiency and the efficiency of the air magnetic dry separation device are high, the proportion of spherical microscopic forms of the finally obtained magnetic beads is large, and the air magnetic dry separation device has good economic and social benefits.
Analysis of the resulting beads: the main metal minerals comprise magnetite, hematite, limonite, a small amount of carbon, pyrite and the like, and the transparent minerals mainly comprise quartz, a small amount of carbonate (iron dolomite-calcite), gibbsite and the like. The content of magnetite (Mt) is about 75 percent, the magnetite is in a fine rudimental crystal shape or self-formed fine particle shape and densely arranged to form spherical particles, and the size of the spherical particles is 0.005-0.1 mm.
Analyzing the separated tailings: the main metal minerals comprise iron oxides such as magnetite, hematite, carbon, pyrite, limonite and the like; the transparent mineral mainly comprises quartz, carbonate (iron dolomite-calcite), feldspar, sericite, gibbsite, etc. The content of magnetite (Mt) is about 3 percent, the magnetite is arranged in a fine crystal form and is distributed in silicate minerals, or the magnetite is densely arranged in a spherical particle form, part of the magnetite and hematite are densely arranged together to form spherical particle distribution, the magnetite is formed by recrystallization after high-temperature melting, and the size of the spherical particle is 0.005-0.05 mm. The content of quartz (Qtz) is about 40%, the quartz is irregular granular, the grain diameter is between 0.02 and 0.2mm, most of the quartz is produced in the form of vitreous colloidal spheres, and the quartz is colorless and transparent, and the grain diameter is between 0.005 and 0.05 mm; the content of carbonate mineral is about 30%, the irregular fine granule aggregate is mostly iron dolomite or calcite, and the aggregate grain size is between 0.05 and 0.3 mm.
Compared with the magnetic beads obtained by the existing equipment, the magnetic beads obtained by the air magnetic dry separation device provided by the invention have the following advantages:
(1) the inventor of the invention develops the experimental research work of the coal ash magnetic bead applied to the aspect of wastewater treatment, adopts iron-based ferric trichloride as a phosphorus removal agent, inspects the test effect combined with the coal ash magnetic bead, and obtains the optimal adding amount of magnetic powder, coagulant and coagulant aid and the adding sequence of medicaments through a coagulant magnetic bead synergistic effect test and a coagulant aid synergistic effect test; exploring the influence of factors such as stirring intensity, settling time and the like on the wastewater treatment effect, determining the optimal process parameters of magnetic flocculation, and obtaining the coagulant of ferric trichloride (FeCl)3·6H2O) is added in an amount of 20mL/L, the pH value is 7.5, the stirring intensity is 125r/min, the settling time is 55min, the phosphorus removal rate is 95.5%, and the turbidity is 2.0; 5g/L of fly ash magnetic beads are added in the rapid stirring stage, the phosphorus removal rate reaches 96.7 percent, the phosphorus removal rate is improved by adding the magnetic beads in cooperation with a coagulant, the phosphorus concentration in the treated water is 0.33mg/L, and the phosphorus removal rate is superior to the first-level discharge standard index requirement in Integrated wastewater discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) ((R))<0.5mg/L)。
The following results are obtained through experiments: the magnetic beads of the fly ash are modified to obviously improve the removal effect of copper in the copper-containing wastewater, and the removal rate of copper can basically reach more than 90% by adding the modified fly ash into the copper-containing wastewater. The modification effect of the sodium hydroxide on the fly ash forms an alkaline action point on the surface of the fly ash, and simultaneously the modification effect of the sodium hydroxide also changes the original structures of Si-O and Al-O on the surface of the fly ash, increases the surface roughness and the surface energy of the fly ash, and enhances the adsorption performance of the fly ash; meanwhile, in the sodium hydroxide alkali modification process, a zeolite-like structure is formed in the fly ash, so that the adsorption performance of the fly ash is improved.
(2) The inventor of the invention develops experimental research work on the aspect of applying the fly ash magnetic beads to the wave-absorbing composite material, completes the research works of detecting and analyzing the appearance and appearance of the magnetic beads, analyzing chemical composition and mineral composition, grading particle size of the fly ash magnetic beads and the like, develops tests such as a fly ash magnetic bead magnetic grading test, a density sorting test, particle size grading and the like, and obtains the following results: the content and the distribution state of iron-containing phases in the magnetic beads are the key to influence the carbon deposition of the magnetic beads, and the magnetic beads are finely classified, so that the effects and the changes of iron in the carbon deposition process can be clearly represented; after magnetic field classification, the magnetic beads of the fly ash are mainly concentrated in a 0.2T external magnetic field classification range, and the occupancy ratio is up to 93.46%; after particle size grading, the particle size of the magnetic beads is mainly concentrated in-400 meshes, and the content can be 40-60% of the total amount; with the reduction of the particle size of the magnetic beads of the fly ash, the existing state of the hercynite is changed into a strip shape from a large block shape; the smaller spinel crystal grain size can expose larger specific surface area, so that the crystal grains are ensured to be fully contacted with reaction gas, and the catalytic performance of iron is favorably exerted; along with the diffusion of carbon atoms, small-sized iron particles are easy to realize complete carburization from the outside to the core, and high-magnetism iron carbide is finally formed by carburization, so that the magnetic loss effect of magnetic beads is favorably exerted, and the microwave absorption is enhanced; along with the reduction of magnetic bead particle size, the deposition rate of carbon can constantly increase in the definite time, the inside spinel of magnetic bead size reduces and distributes more evenly, the iron catalyst can expose bigger surface area and participate in the reaction, namely the deposition rate of carbon increases, simultaneously the reduction of the inside spinel of magnetic bead size, avoid magnetic loss in-process to receive the spinel to produce the eddy current phenomenon and influence, make combined material have excellent wave-absorbing performance, consequently, adopt 0.02T to select separately to obtain, the shaking table selects separately grade 3, the magnetic bead under the 400 mesh particle size, can obtain excellent carbon cladding effect, do benefit to follow-up wave-absorbing material impedance matching's regulation.
By carrying out related experiments of the microstructure and preparation parameters of the magnetic bead-carbon composite material, the effective absorption bandwidth of the 2mm magnetic bead-C composite material can reach 4.3GHz under the synergistic effects of the electrical loss of a graphite carbon layer, the magnetic loss of a carburized ferromagnetic core with high saturation magnetization, the interface loss of a shell layer/core heterogeneous interface and the like, the minimum reflection loss can reach-32.4 dB, and the requirements of a microwave absorbent on the effective absorption bandwidth, the absorption performance and the thinness are met.
Based on the experimental research and analysis, the magnetic beads obtained by the air magnetic dry separation device have high iron grade (improved to more than 56%), can be applied to water treatment and wave-absorbing composite materials, and have a plurality of advantages, so the air magnetic dry separation device has remarkable economic and social benefits.
In addition, in some processing technologies, the wet separation process can improve the grade of the magnetic beads. However, the wet-sorted magnetic beads have a significantly changed molecular morphology and are of limited utility. The magnetic beads obtained by the air magnetic dry separation device are spherical under a microscope, and the utilization value is high. And, the application of the wet separation process is limited for water-deficient areas, such as the northwest.
The magnetic material is screened out of the expectation using a spiral magnetic separator prior to the step of screening out the magnetic beads from the magnetic material using the aforementioned air magnetic dry separation device.
Optionally, it should be noted that, in order to obtain higher entry conditions, before the magnetic beads are screened from the magnetic material by using the aforementioned air magnetic dry separation device, the magnetic material is screened from the expectation by using a spiral magnetic separator, so as to obtain 49.5% to 53% of magnetic material.
S200: the spiral dry magnetic separator mainly comprises a sorting spiral magnetic roller and a reverse tailing spiral conveying roller, wherein a fixed magnetic system with a 360-degree wrap angle is arranged in the spiral magnetic roller, spiral conveying blades are welded outside the roller, conveying blades opposite to the sorting roller are welded outside the tailing conveying roller, the rotating speed of the roller is controlled by frequency conversion, the two rollers are arranged in the same fully-sealed outer shell, the space around the spiral magnetic roller is a sorting area, the space around the tailing conveying roller is a tailing conveying area, when iron-containing materials are fed into the sorting area from a feeding port, because the spiral magnetic roller rotates at high speed, magnetic coarse concentrate is pushed by the spiral blades to move forwards, multiple times of magnetic rolling adsorption are carried out under the action of the fixed magnetic system during movement, tailings without magnetism or weak magnetism are turned outside and thrown out by the centrifugal force of high-speed rotation to fall into the tailing conveying area, the coarse concentrate is conveyed to a non-magnetic ore unloading area by a spiral, and the tailings are discharged from a rough concentrate outlet, and the tailings are conveyed to a tailing outlet by a spiral conveying roller to be discharged. The rotating speed of the roller is controlled by a frequency conversion system, is set according to the property and index requirements of the selected ore, has the advantage of controlling indexes such as rough concentrate grade, metal recovery rate and tailing grade by adjusting the rotating speed of the roller, and is particularly suitable for pre-concentration and enrichment of fine-grained ferrous materials and concentration of placer-grained placer iron ores and magnetite.
Before entering the spiral drying type, the grade of the magnetic beads in the magnetic material is preferably 41 to 45 percent. Thus, the present invention also provides, prior to using the spiral dry magnetic separator to screen the magnetic material from the expectation, S100: and (3) primarily screening the solid waste by using another spiral dry magnetic separator to obtain a preselected material with the grade of 41-45%.
Optionally, S400: following the step of screening the magnetic beads from the magnetic material using the air magnetic dry separation device described previously, the magnetic beads are collected using a recovery assembly 700.
It should be noted that when the magnetic beads are separated from the conveying component, a pre-throwing speed is generated and thrown into the recovery assembly 700 based on the gravity acceleration, and the recovery assembly 700 comprises a feeding hopper and a recovery box; the feed hopper is generally flared.
The inventor of the invention provides an air magnetic dry separation device in the process of system test research through a fly ash iron extraction process technology, which is used for the method for improving the grade of the magnetic beads and solves the key technical problem of low grade of fly ash iron concentrate; and the air magnetic dry separation device is combined to develop a dry type pre-concentration enrichment and dry type fine separation process technology suitable for the fly ash; through multiple experiments and preliminary tests, the air magnetic dry separation device can produce more than 2.13 million tons of qualified iron ore concentrate per year, the utilization rate of the fly ash is improved by 4-5 percent, the external discharge capacity of the fly ash is reduced by 7-9 percent, the iron grade is improved to more than 56 percent, and the air magnetic dry separation device has remarkable economic and social benefits.
(1) In terms of economic benefits:
the first-stage project of the fly ash iron extraction production line built under the support of 'the research result of the fly ash iron extraction process technology' has the capability of treating 54 ten thousand tons of fly ash every year and producing 2.13 ten thousand tons of iron ore concentrate (magnetic beads) with the grade of more than 56%. The first stage of construction of a fly ash iron extraction production line of a certain unit is completed smoothly and brought into normal production management, which is the first demonstration production line for extracting fly ash magnetic beads in industry in China. The results of the fly ash iron concentrate (magnetic beads) total analysis are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Total analysis results of fly ash iron concentrate
| Fraction/ingredient | TFe | SiO2 | AI2O3 | CaO | MgO | K2O |
| Dry separation of concentrate | 56.15 | 8.54 | 3.42 | 4.71 | 1.70 | 0.125 |
| Fraction/ingredient | Na2O | S | P | BaO | Ig | |
| Dry separation of concentrate | 0.272 | 0.125 | 0.027 | 0.020 | / |
The fly ash magnetic beads have the characteristics of high iron grade (more than 56%), small particle size (D50-10 mu m), strong magnetism and the like, and are very suitable for industrial application in the fields of ferromagnetic magnetic seed materials, magnetic heavy media, sewage treatment and the like, so that the fly ash magnetic beads in a certain unit have great resource utilization potential.
The structure and the performance of the magnetic beads of the fly ash provide a good foundation for resource utilization of the fly ash, and have attracted attention of the industry. At present, the method mainly focuses on the fields of iron resource recovery, sewage treatment, magnetic carriers, heavy medium materials, wave-absorbing materials, magnetic functional materials and the like. Because the magnetic beads have high iron grade (more than 56%), the magnetic beads have signed a foreign sales contract of 3 tons for trial use (3000 yuan/ton) in the foreign sales market; and the procurement amount is increased to 30 tons with the intention of the external party, and the scale procurement is realized after the related trial succeeds. According to the current market price of 3000 yuan/ton, the cost of 1000 yuan/ton and the annual effect-creating period of 1000 ten thousand yuan.
Taking the fly ash generated by a power plant of a certain electric heating company as an example, the landfill cost of the waste ash is reduced to 25 yuan/ton, the utilization rate of solid waste resources of the fly ash is improved by 4-5 percentage points, about 5000 tons of fly ash landfill can be reduced every year, in addition, the power plant can obtain the benefit of 15 yuan/ton by selling the cost of fly ash iron-extracting concentrate raw materials, and the total cost of the power plant can be saved by 20 ten thousand yuan/year.
(2) In the aspect of social benefits:
the invention conforms to the development concept of 'recycling, harmlessness and reduction of solid wastes' and the related national industrial policies, takes the comprehensive utilization of the fly ash solid waste resources as the guide, improves the utilization efficiency of the fly ash solid waste resources, strengthens the technical development of the comprehensive utilization and disposal of the solid waste resources and widens the comprehensive utilization channel of the solid waste resources on the basis of reducing the recovery cost. After the construction project of the fly ash iron extraction production line is put into operation, the external discharge capacity of fly ash can be reduced by 7-9%, the utilization rate of fly ash solid waste resources is improved by 4-5%, and the fly ash landfill can be reduced by about 5000 tons every year.
Specifically, the invention provides an air magnetic dry separation device, which is used for screening magnetic beads from magnetic materials, and comprises: a transmission assembly 100, a magnetic assembly 200 and an air draft assembly 300;
the transmission assembly 100 comprises a conveying component which conveys the magnetic materials to a magnetic separation area corresponding to the magnetic assembly 200,
when the air draft assembly 300 generates negative pressure in the magnetic separation area, the magnetic assembly 200 keeps the magnetic beads on the conveying component based on the magnetic force of the magnetic beads and the negative pressure, and the air draft assembly 300 sucks away the residual materials, so that the conveying component conveys the magnetic beads to the designated area.
The magnetic material is a material with magnetism separated from solid waste; in the invention, the magnetic material is derived from the powder of a coal-fired power plantCoal ash, blast furnace tail ash; the total iron content in the fly ash raw ash is 5-11 percent, and SiO is2The content is 35-49%. Without being limited thereto, the content of the fly ash in the fly ash may also vary, and should not be limited to the above content. The coal for power plant boiler contains hematite (Fe)2O3) Siderite (FeCO)3) Pyrite (FeS)2) When minerals and coal powder are burnt in a boiler, the highest temperature can reach about 1500 ℃, and because a large amount of C and CO exist in the high-temperature burning atmosphere, the atmosphere is reductive, and part of nonmagnetic minerals can be reduced into magnetic iron (Fe)3O4) Therefore, the coal ash can be subjected to iron extraction treatment by a magnetic separation process:
6Fe2O3+C＝4Fe3O4+CO2 (1)
3FeCO3＝Fe3O4+CO+2CO2 (2)
3Fe2O3+CO＝2Fe3O4+CO2 (3)
the fly ash is a solid particle aggregate with high dispersity, the chemical components of the fly ash are related to the mineral composition of coal types, and the physical properties of the fly ash are changed with different coal types, boiler types, combustion modes and the like. The fly ash mainly contains oxides of silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium and magnesium and a part of non-burnout combustible carbon particles, and the oxides in the fly ash do not generally appear in a single mineral state, but exist in a multi-phase aggregate form, and are mainly Fe2O3、Fe3O4And iron silicate in the form of solid solution structure fine pellets.
It should be noted that the magnetic separation region refers to a magnetic field region formed by the magnetic assembly 200; for example, referring to fig. 1, the magnetic assembly 200 is disposed below the conveying component, when the conveying component conveys the magnetic material to the magnetic separation region, the magnetic beads are attracted to the conveying component by the downward magnetic force, and the non-magnetic and/or weakly magnetic material is not attracted by the magnetic assembly 200; the air draft assembly 300 generates negative pressure in the magnetic separation area, nonmagnetic and/or weak magnetic materials (excess materials) are sucked away by the air draft assembly 300, magnetic beads are retained on the conveying component, and finally the magnetic beads are separated from the magnetic field area under the action of the conveying component and are transferred to a designated area.
It should be noted that the conveying means is generally a conveyor belt such as a belt. The designated area generally refers to the reclamation component 700; the recovery assembly 700 generally includes a hopper and a recovery tank.
It should be noted that the transmission assembly 100 includes a transmission component, a main driving wheel, a secondary driving wheel, a tensioning device, a motor and a reducer; the tensioning device is used for tensioning the conveying part, so that the main driving wheel can drive the auxiliary driving wheel through the conveying part, and the magnetic material is moved in the conveying part; the motor drives the main driving wheel through the speed reducer.
Compared with the magnetic beads obtained by the existing equipment, the magnetic beads obtained by the air magnetic dry separation device provided by the invention have the following advantages:
(1) the inventor of the invention develops the experimental research work of the coal ash magnetic bead applied to the aspect of wastewater treatment, adopts iron-based ferric trichloride as a phosphorus removal agent, inspects the test effect combined with the coal ash magnetic bead, and obtains the optimal adding amount of magnetic powder, coagulant and coagulant aid and the adding sequence of medicaments through a coagulant magnetic bead synergistic effect test and a coagulant aid synergistic effect test; exploring the influence of factors such as stirring intensity, settling time and the like on the wastewater treatment effect, determining the optimal process parameters of magnetic flocculation, and obtaining the coagulant of ferric trichloride (FeCl)3·6H2O) is added in an amount of 20mL/L, the pH value is 7.5, the stirring intensity is 125r/min, the settling time is 55min, the phosphorus removal rate is 95.5%, and the turbidity is 2.0; 5g/L of fly ash magnetic beads are added in the rapid stirring stage, the phosphorus removal rate reaches 96.7 percent, the phosphorus removal rate is improved by adding the magnetic beads in cooperation with a coagulant, the phosphorus concentration in the treated water is 0.33mg/L, and the phosphorus removal rate is superior to the first-level discharge standard index requirement in Integrated wastewater discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) ((R))<0.5mg/L)。
The following results are obtained through experiments: the magnetic beads of the fly ash are modified to obviously improve the removal effect of copper in the copper-containing wastewater, and the removal rate of copper can basically reach more than 90% by adding the modified fly ash into the copper-containing wastewater. The modification effect of the sodium hydroxide on the fly ash forms an alkaline action point on the surface of the fly ash, and simultaneously the modification effect of the sodium hydroxide also changes the original structures of Si-O and Al-O on the surface of the fly ash, increases the surface roughness and the surface energy of the fly ash, and enhances the adsorption performance of the fly ash; meanwhile, in the sodium hydroxide alkali modification process, a zeolite-like structure is formed in the fly ash, so that the adsorption performance of the fly ash is improved.
(2) The inventor of the invention develops experimental research work on the aspect of applying the fly ash magnetic beads to the wave-absorbing composite material, completes the research works of detecting and analyzing the appearance and appearance of the magnetic beads, analyzing chemical composition and mineral composition, grading particle size of the fly ash magnetic beads and the like, develops tests such as a fly ash magnetic bead magnetic grading test, a density sorting test, particle size grading and the like, and obtains the following results: the content and the distribution state of iron-containing phases in the magnetic beads are the key to influence the carbon deposition of the magnetic beads, and the magnetic beads are finely classified, so that the effects and the changes of iron in the carbon deposition process can be clearly represented; after magnetic field classification, the magnetic beads of the fly ash are mainly concentrated in a 0.2T external magnetic field classification range, and the occupancy ratio is up to 93.46%; after particle size grading, the particle size of the magnetic beads is mainly concentrated in-400 meshes, and the content can be 40-60% of the total amount; with the reduction of the particle size of the magnetic beads of the fly ash, the existing state of the hercynite is changed into a strip shape from a large block shape; the smaller spinel crystal grain size can expose larger specific surface area, so that the crystal grains are ensured to be fully contacted with reaction gas, and the catalytic performance of iron is favorably exerted; along with the diffusion of carbon atoms, small-sized iron particles are easy to realize complete carburization from the outside to the core, and high-magnetism iron carbide is finally formed by carburization, so that the magnetic loss effect of magnetic beads is favorably exerted, and the microwave absorption is enhanced; along with the reduction of magnetic bead particle size, the deposition rate of carbon can constantly increase in the definite time, the inside spinel of magnetic bead size reduces and distributes more evenly, the iron catalyst can expose bigger surface area and participate in the reaction, namely the deposition rate of carbon increases, simultaneously the reduction of the inside spinel of magnetic bead size, avoid magnetic loss in-process to receive the spinel to produce the eddy current phenomenon and influence, make combined material have excellent wave-absorbing performance, consequently, adopt 0.02T to select separately to obtain, the shaking table selects separately grade 3, the magnetic bead under the 400 mesh particle size, can obtain excellent carbon cladding effect, do benefit to follow-up wave-absorbing material impedance matching's regulation.
By carrying out related experiments of the microstructure and preparation parameters of the magnetic bead-carbon composite material, the effective absorption bandwidth of the 2mm magnetic bead-C composite material can reach 4.3GHz under the synergistic effects of the electrical loss of a graphite carbon layer, the magnetic loss of a carburized ferromagnetic core with high saturation magnetization, the interface loss of a shell layer/core heterogeneous interface and the like, the minimum reflection loss can reach-32.4 dB, and the requirements of a microwave absorbent on the effective absorption bandwidth, the absorption performance and the thinness are met.
Based on the experimental research and analysis, the magnetic beads obtained by the air magnetic dry separation device have high iron grade (improved to more than 56%), can be applied to water treatment and wave-absorbing composite materials, and have a plurality of advantages, so the air magnetic dry separation device has remarkable economic and social benefits.
In addition, in some processing technologies, the wet separation process can improve the grade of the magnetic beads. However, the wet-sorted magnetic beads have a significantly changed molecular morphology and are of limited utility. The magnetic beads obtained by the air magnetic dry separation device are spherical under a microscope, and the utilization value is high. And, the application of the wet separation process is limited for water-deficient areas, such as the northwest.
Optionally, referring to fig. 2, the air magnetic dry separation device further includes a driving assembly 500, and the magnetic assembly 200 further includes at least two magnetic systems; the magnetic field intensity of at least two magnetism systems is inequality, works as convulsions subassembly 300 is in when the regional negative pressure that produces of magnetic separation, drive assembly 500 drive magnetic force subassembly 200, so that the magnetic bead with magnetic force between the magnetic force subassembly 200 can change.
The magnetic system may be a magnet or an energized coil. The driving assembly 500 includes a vehicle body, a rail, a driving motor, a speed reducer, a coupling, a connecting rod, a cam, and the like. The driving motor drives the cam to move through the speed reducer, the cam drives the connecting rod to drive the vehicle body to move on the track, a magnetic system is fixedly arranged on the vehicle body, and the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic system on the vehicle body is different from that of the magnetic system on the vehicle body. The driving motor and the rail are fixed to both side walls of the closing assembly 400. When driving motor acted, made the magnetic system can reciprocating motion to make magnetic material constantly change and then constantly roll advancing the in-process magnetic force forward, wherein parcel mix with non-magnetism or weak magnetism material constantly are taken away by convulsions subassembly 300, thereby further improve the grade of magnetic bead.
Optionally, the moving direction of the driving assembly 500 is: the transmission direction of the transmission belt is consistent with that of the transmission belt within a first designated time; in a second designated time, the transmission direction of the transmission belt is opposite to that of the transmission belt; wherein, the driving speed of the driving assembly 500 driving the magnetic assembly 200 is greater than the transmission speed of the transmission belt.
It should be noted that the first specified time and the second specified time may be set; in general, the first specified time and the second specified time may be the same; not limited to this, the first designated time and the second designated time may be different. When the drive assembly 500 is within the first specified time of travel, in line with the drive direction of the belt, i.e.: the moving direction of the magnetic system is consistent with that of the magnetic material; when the drive assembly 500 is within the stroke within the second designated time, the drive direction is opposite to that of the belt, i.e.: the moving direction of the magnetic system is opposite to the moving direction of the magnetic material; in order to improve the screening efficiency, the first specified time is shorter than the second specified time, namely, the movement direction of the magnetic system and the movement direction of the magnetic material are reversed as much as possible. In addition, the speed of the driving assembly 500 driving the magnetic assembly 200 is greater than the transmission speed of the transmission belt, so that the magnetic materials have higher rolling strength, more non-magnetic or weak-magnetic materials are continuously extracted by the air extraction assembly 300, and the grade is improved.
It should be noted that the moving direction of the driving assembly 500 can be manually set, such as by inputting to a controller through a terminal.
Optionally, there are at least two magnetic assemblies 200, and the at least two magnetic assemblies 200 are arranged at intervals along the conveying direction of the conveying component, so that the magnetic materials pass through at least two magnetic separation areas; the air draft assembly 300 comprises air draft hoods, the number of the air draft hoods is at least consistent with that of the magnetic assemblies 200, and each magnetic separation area is at least provided with one air draft hood.
Referring to fig. 3, the magnetic assemblies 200 are three and are arranged at intervals in a conveying direction along the conveying member. The three magnetic assemblies 200 may each be driven in a reciprocating motion by a drive assembly 500. The three magnetic assemblies 200 form three magnetic separation areas arranged at intervals along the conveying direction of the conveying part based on the magnetic fields generated by the three magnetic assemblies; each magnetic separation area is provided with at least one air draft cover; for example, in the second magnetic separation area, two (or more) air draft hoods are arranged in the direction perpendicular to the conveying direction of the conveying part, so that the suction efficiency of nonmagnetic or weakly magnetic materials is improved, and the separation is facilitated.
Generally, the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic assembly 200 should be gradually increased along the conveying direction of the conveying member to enhance the grade of the screened magnetic beads. In addition, along the conveying direction of the conveying component, the reciprocating frequency of the driving assembly 500 becomes large so as to increase the rolling strength of the magnetic materials and improve the grade of the screened magnetic beads.
Optionally, the air magnetic dry separation device further comprises a sealing assembly 400, and the sealing assembly 400 is used for defining a closed space. The closure assembly 400 may be formed from a non-magnetic material; the closure assembly 400 may be square, cylindrical or shaped (e.g., semi-cylindrical on the bottom and square on the top); the two ends of the rubber cover are respectively provided with an inlet and an outlet. The magnetic assembly 200 is arranged in the closed space; for example, the magnetic assembly 200 may slide back and forth on a slide on the side wall of the closure assembly 400; of course, if the magnetic assembly 200 needs to reciprocate, a platform may be welded to the side walls of the two sides, so that the magnetic assembly 200 is fixed on the platform; the conveyor belt brings the magnetic materials into the magnetic separation area from the inlet and brings the magnetic beads out of the outlet to the designated area. The ventilation assembly 300 further comprises an air pipe and a fan, one end of the air pipe is communicated with the ventilation cover, and the other end of the air pipe extends to the outside of the closed space and is communicated with the fan. Can sealing connection between the lateral wall of tuber pipe and seal assembly 400, the one end and the suction hood intercommunication of tuber pipe, the other end and the fan intercommunication of tuber pipe, the fan is used for producing convulsions suction, siphons away non-magnetic material or weak magnetism material.
Optionally, the air magnetic dry separation device further comprises a uniform thickness assembly 600, and the uniform thickness assembly 600 comprises a uniform thickness plate; the uniform thickness plate is arranged at the inlet; the uniform thickness plate can be a flat plate or a curved plate; a passage gap is defined between the conveying part and the conveying part, and the height of the passage gap is 2-5 mm; when the magnetic material is conveyed to the transmission part through the feeding hopper, the magnetic material is conical, and the thickness of a layer of the magnetic material on the transmission part is 2-5 mm after the magnetic material passes through the passage gap, so that the non-magnetic or weak-magnetic material at the bottom layer is sucked away in a magnetic separation area; moreover, the passageway gap can prevent large materials from entering the closed space. Generally, the plank can be attached to the side wall of the closure assembly 400; or, the equal thick plate can also be provided with a height-adjusting component, and the height of the passageway gap is adjusted through the height-adjusting component to adjust the layer thickness, for example, the height-adjusting component can be an electric push rod, and the electric push rod can be connected to the side wall of the closing component 400.
Optionally, the air magnetic dry separation device further comprises a controller, the controller is in communication connection with the transmission assembly 100, and the controller is in communication connection with the air draft assembly 300. The controller can be a PLC controller, and a corresponding control program is preset in the controller; wherein, the controller is mainly used for controlling the conveying speed of the conveying assembly and the negative pressure finger of the exhaust fan. In addition, the controller is also in communication with the driving assembly 500 for controlling the motion profile of the driving assembly 500. The control program of the controller may be programmable, for example, the engineer may change the control parameters, such as the speed of the drive assembly 100, the suction pressure of the suction fan, the first designated time, the second designated time, etc., based on the test data of the fly ash material.
The air magnetic dry separation device and the air magnetic dry separation device are only optional embodiments of the invention, and are not limited to the patent scope of the invention, and all the equivalent structural transformations made by the contents of the specification and the drawings of the invention or the direct/indirect application to other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An air magnetic dry separation device for screening magnetic beads from magnetic materials, which is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a transmission assembly, a magnetic assembly and an air draft assembly;
the transmission assembly comprises a conveying component which conveys the magnetic materials to a magnetic separation area corresponding to the magnetic assembly,
when the convulsions subassembly is in when the magnetic separation region produces the negative pressure, the magnetic force subassembly will the magnetic bead is based on magnetic force of both keeps in on the transfer unit, and the convulsions subassembly is siphoned away the clout, thereby the transfer unit can be with the magnetic bead is carried to appointed region.
2. The air magnetic dry separation device of claim 1, further comprising a drive assembly, the magnetic assembly further comprising at least two magnetic systems;
the magnetic field strengths of the at least two magnetic systems are different,
when the air draft assembly generates negative pressure in the magnetic separation area, the driving assembly drives the magnetic assembly, so that the magnetic beads and the magnetic force between the magnetic assemblies can be changed.
3. The air magnetic dry separation device of claim 2, wherein the movement direction of the driving assembly is as follows:
the transmission direction of the transmission belt is consistent with that of the transmission belt within a first designated time;
in a second designated time, the transmission direction of the transmission belt is opposite to that of the transmission belt;
wherein, the speed of the driving component for driving the magnetic component is greater than the transmission speed of the transmission belt.
4. The air magnetic dry separation device of claim 1, wherein the number of the magnetic assemblies is at least two,
the at least two magnetic assemblies are arranged at intervals along the conveying direction of the conveying component, so that the magnetic materials pass through at least two magnetic separation areas;
the air draft assembly comprises air draft hoods, the number of the air draft hoods is at least consistent with that of the magnetic assemblies, and each magnetic separation area is at least provided with one air draft hood.
5. The air magnetic dry separation device of claim 4, further comprising a closure assembly for defining an enclosed space,
the magnetic assembly is arranged in the closed space;
the air draft assembly further comprises an air pipe and a fan, one end of the air pipe is communicated with the air draft cover, and the other end of the air pipe extends to the outside of the closed space and is communicated with the fan.
6. The air magnetic dry separation device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a uniform thickness component, the uniform thickness component comprising a uniform thickness plate,
the uniform thickness plate and the conveying component define a passageway gap, so that after the magnetic material passes through the passageway gap, the layer spreading thickness of the magnetic material on the conveying component is 2-5 mm.
7. The dry magnetic air separation device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a controller,
the controller is in communication with the transmission assembly,
the controller is in communication connection with the air draft assembly.
8. A magnetic bead recovery method for improving the utilization rate of fly ash is characterized by comprising the following steps:
screening the magnetic beads from the magnetic material using the air magnetic dry separation device of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The recovery method according to claim 8, wherein, before the step of screening the magnetic beads from the magnetic material using the air magnetic separation device according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
the magnetic material was screened out of the expectations using a spiral magnetic separator.
10. The recovery method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein, after the step of screening the magnetic beads from the magnetic material using the air magnetic drying apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
the magnetic beads are collected using a recovery assembly.
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