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CN112603604B - 一种全膝关节假体 - Google Patents

一种全膝关节假体 Download PDF

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CN112603604B
CN112603604B CN202011541195.2A CN202011541195A CN112603604B CN 112603604 B CN112603604 B CN 112603604B CN 202011541195 A CN202011541195 A CN 202011541195A CN 112603604 B CN112603604 B CN 112603604B
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prosthesis
femoral condyle
femoral
condyle
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CN112603604A (zh
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张天宇
张亚鹏
马淑芹
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Beijing Lidakang Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种全膝关节假体，包括股骨髁假体和胫骨垫假体，股骨髁假体安装在胫骨垫假体上。股骨髁假体外侧设置有髌骨沟槽，股骨髁假体的底部设置有股骨髁关节面；髌骨沟槽沿着股骨髁假体外侧的顶部向下延伸的深度逐渐增大。股骨髁假体包括适用于不同人群的一系列假体，该系列假体的股骨髁关节面的半径与中心距不同。胫骨垫假体上设置有胫骨垫假体关节面，胫骨垫假体包括适用于不同人群的一系列假体，胫骨垫假体关节面的半径与中心距不同。胫骨垫假体股骨髁假体与股骨髁假体接触面积大，减小压强与聚乙烯的磨损，稳定性强；股骨髁假体、胫骨垫假体的相邻系列的半径与中心距相近，最使得相邻型号间关节面的形状近似，降低磨损与松动的概率。

Description

一种全膝关节假体
本申请为申请号202010274036.4、申请日20200409、发明名称《一种全膝关节假体》的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及膝关节假体领域，特别是指一种全膝关节假体。
背景技术
目前，现有人工膝关节假体在术后的不良反应体现中，体现在髌骨方面的占有很大的比例，例如：髌骨疼痛、髌骨弹响、髌骨不稳定等。主要原因是因为假体的设计不能满足个体性的差异，髌骨滑车沟槽太宽阔易造成髌骨的不稳定，而髌骨滑车沟槽太窄易造成髌骨的疼痛或者屈曲功能的不足。股骨髁和不同型号的胫骨垫假体匹配时，经常会出现股骨髁圆弧和胫骨垫假体圆弧不是非常匹配的情况出现。如果出现此类股胫关节面配合不好的情况时，胫骨垫假体相对于股骨髁的磨损会急剧增加，大量的聚乙烯细微颗粒的析出充斥在膝关节假体和骨节界面间，这是造成骨溶解致使假体松动的重要原因。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种全膝关节假体，用于解决现有技术中假体植入时的稳定性差、易磨损与关节面配合性差的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供以下技术方案：
一种全膝关节假体，包括股骨髁假体和胫骨垫假体，所述股骨髁假体安装在所述胫骨垫假体上。
其中，所述股骨髁假体的外侧设置有髌骨沟槽，所述股骨髁假体的底部设置有股骨髁关节面；
所述髌骨沟槽沿着所述股骨髁假体外侧的顶部向下延伸的深度逐渐增大。
其中，所述股骨髁假体包括适用于不同人群的一系列假体，该系列假体的股骨髁关节面的半径不同、中心距不同。
其中，所述股骨髁假体包括一体式连接的前髁、股骨髁远端和两个后髁。
其中，所述股骨髁假体上具有向外延伸的形成假体边界的假体边沿。
其中，所述一系列的假体的股骨髁关节面的半径根据所述一系列假体的系列号逐渐渐变。
其中，所述股骨髁远端与两个所述后髁之间形成小面积的髁间盒，所述髁间盒与所述股骨髁远端和后髁之间形成向外突出的髁间盒。
其中，所述前髁内侧的上半部分上设有倒U型浅槽，所述前髁内侧的下半部分上对称设置两个L型浅槽。
其中，所述股骨髁远端上设置有股骨髁固定柱；
所述股骨髁远端的上环绕所述股骨髁固定柱处设有两个开口相向设置的U型槽。
一种胫骨垫假体，所述胫骨垫假体上设置有胫骨垫假体关节面，所述胫骨垫假体包括适用于不同人群的一系列假体，该系列假体的胫骨垫假体关节面的半径不同、中心距不同。
胫骨垫假体本发明的上述技术方案的有益效果如下：
上述方案中，(1)本实施例提供的股骨髁假体在屈曲时，髌骨沟槽与髌骨的接触面积大，减小压强，减小聚乙烯的磨损，增大沟槽与髌骨的稳定性；该沟槽可以满足不同的个体间差异，屈曲过程中逐渐变深的沟槽又可以为髌骨提供足够的稳定束缚环境，这样既考虑了不同患者间的差异又考虑了髌骨运动过程中的稳定性，两者兼顾；本实施例的股骨髁假体的相邻系列的半径与中心距相近，最大程度上使得相邻型号间股骨髁关节面的形状近似，可有效的降低股骨髁假体的型号与胫骨垫假体的型号不匹配时股骨髁假体与胫骨垫假体之间的磨损，降低假体松动的概率；本实施例提供的股骨髁假体的小面积的髁间盒可以保留更多的患者的骨量；本实施例提供的股骨髁假体的髁间盒的周围具有髁间盒，当髁间盒内安装其他零件时，避免过度摩擦，避免过度摩擦引起的脱位；本实施例提供的股骨髁假体的假体边界处的假体边沿根据假体的不同部分形成不同的假体边沿，可更好的贴合截骨面，减少因假体外露产生的术后不适感或功能障碍。
(2))本实施例提供的胫骨垫假体骨降低髁假体与胫骨垫假体之间的磨损，降低假体松动的概率。
(3)本实施例提供的全膝关节假体可满足个体性的差异股骨髁假体的后髁满足人体屈曲功能，且与髌骨稳定连接；股骨髁假体与胫骨垫假体匹配性高，避免股骨髁关节面与胫骨垫假体关节面不匹配，降低股骨髁假体与胫骨垫假体的摩擦，降低假体松动。本实施例的股骨髁假体的相邻系列的半径与中心距相近，最大程度上使得相邻型号间股骨髁关节面的形状近似，可有效的降低股骨髁假体的型号与胫骨垫假体的型号不匹配时股骨髁假体与胫骨垫假体之间的磨损，降低假体松动的概率。
附图说明
图1为本发明的股骨髁假体的主视图；
图2为本发明的股骨髁假体的A-A剖视图；
图3为本发明的股骨髁假体的B-B剖视图；
图4为本发明的股骨髁假体的C-C剖视图；
图5为本发明的股骨髁假体的D-D剖视图；
图6为本发明的股骨髁假体的E-E剖视图；
图7为本发明的股骨髁假体的左视图；
图8为本发明的股骨髁假体的右视图；
图9为本发明的股骨髁假体的结构示意图；
图10为本发明的胫骨垫假体的结构示意图；
附图标记：
1、股骨髁假体；11、前髁；111、髁间盒前边缘；112、倒U型浅槽；113、L型浅槽；12、股骨髁远端；121、股骨髁固定柱；122、U型浅槽；13、后髁；14、横梁；15、髁间盒；17、髌骨沟槽；18、假体边沿；19、股骨髁关节面；2、胫骨垫假体；21、胫骨垫假体关节面；3、髌骨。
具体实施方式
为使本发明要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图及具体实施例进行详细描述。
本发明针对现有的假体植入时的稳定性差、易磨损与关节面配合性差的问题，提供一种全膝关节假体。
如1-10所示的，本实施例提供一种全膝关节假体，包括的股骨髁假体1和的胫骨垫假体2假体。本实施例的全膝关节假体包括股骨髁假体1和胫骨垫假体2假体，可满足个体性的差异，股骨髁假体1的后髁17满足人体屈曲功能，且与髌骨3稳定连接。股骨髁假体1与胫骨垫假体2假体匹配性高，避免股骨髁关节面19与胫骨垫假体关节面21不匹配，降低股骨髁假体1与胫骨垫假体2假体的摩擦，降低假体松动。具体地，胫骨垫假体上设置有立柱，立柱穿过股骨髁假体的髁间盒后与横梁接触，股骨髁关节面与胫骨垫假体关节面接触。
如图1-8所示的，图1为本实施例的主视图，图2-6为本实例的5个位置的剖视图，图7、8分别为股骨髁假体1的左视图与右视图。本实施例提供一种股骨髁假体1，股骨髁假体1的外侧设置有髌骨沟槽17，股骨髁假体1的底部设置有股骨髁关节面19；髌骨沟槽17沿着股骨髁假体1外侧的顶部向下延伸的深度逐渐增大。本实施例提供的股骨髁假体1的髌骨沟槽17连接髌骨3，该沟槽从股骨髁假体1的顶部逐渐向股骨髁假体1的底部延伸，直至延伸到股骨髁的关节面。该沟槽的宽度由股骨髁假体1顶部至股骨髁假体1底部逐渐增大，该沟槽的深度也逐渐增大，形成从股骨髁假体1顶部开始逐渐开阔的沟槽，具体结构如图2-6所示。并且，从股骨髁假体1的顶部开始，沟槽与髌骨3的接触越大，人在屈曲过程中，沟槽与髌骨3的接触面积大，减小压强，减小聚乙烯的磨损，增大沟槽与髌骨3的稳定性。该沟槽可以满足不同的个体间差异，屈曲过程中逐渐变深的沟槽又可以为髌骨3提供足够的稳定束缚环境，这样既考虑了不同患者间的差异又考虑了髌骨3运动过程中的稳定性，两者兼顾。可提高高屈曲时的稳定性。
本实施例的股骨髁假体1的关节面的半径与中心距如表1-1，该表具有不同系列假体的半径与中心距。图7为本实施例的股骨髁假体1的左视图，该视图中的R表示股骨髁假体1的关节面的半径，L表示骨髁假体的关节面的中心距。本实施例提供的股骨髁假体1包括适用于不同人群的一系列假体，该系列假体的股骨髁关节面19的半径不同、中心距不同。具体地，本实施例提供的系列假体可以分为7个系列，每个系列的假体的半径与中心距均与其它系列的半径与中心距不同。进一步地，一系列的假体的股骨髁关节面19的半径根据一系列假体的系列号逐渐渐变，中心距与半径相适配，该系列的股骨髁假体1的半径与中心距可有效的降低股骨髁假体1与胫骨垫假体2之间的磨损。当假体植入，可按照个体的差异选择不同系列的股骨髁假体1。即时股骨髁假体1的型号与胫骨垫假体2的型号不匹配，由于本申请的股骨髁假体1的相邻系列的半径与中心距相近，最大程度上使得相邻型号间股骨髁关节面19的形状近似，可有效的降低股骨髁假体1的型号与胫骨垫假体2的型号不匹配时股骨髁假体1与胫骨垫假体2之间的磨损，降低假体松动的概率。
表1-1
1# 2# 3# 4# 5# 6# 7#
半径 21 22 22.5 24 25.5 25.7 26
中心距 21 21.5 22 22.7 23 23.6 24
如图9所示，图10为本实施例的股骨髁假体1的结构示意图。本实施例提供的股骨髁假体1包括一体式连接的前髁11、股骨髁远端12和两个后髁13。进一步地，股骨髁远端12与两个后髁13之间形成小面积的髁间盒，髁间盒与股骨髁远端12和后髁13之间形成向外突出的髁间盒。股骨髁远端12与两个后髁13之间形成小面积的髁间盒15，小面积的髁间盒15可以保留更多的患者的骨量，具体地，髁间盒15呈近似长方形，股骨髁上与股骨髁远端12的连接处具有一个较小髁间盒前边缘111，髁间盒15的一端位于该髁间盒前边缘111上，本实施例的髁间盒15的形成是在股骨髁和股骨髁远端12直接挖槽形成，髁间盒15的形状小，且髁间盒15的深度小，形成较小面积的髁间盒15。髁间盒15与股骨髁远端12和后髁13之间形成向外突出的髁间盒15，髁间盒15可在胫骨垫假体2与髁间结构接触时能够提供一定的摩擦界面，不会使得胫骨垫假体2髁间立柱31与骨面直接接触，避免过度摩擦，避免过度摩擦引起的脱位。具体地，髁间盒边沿围绕髁间盒15设置，其为沿着髁间盒15边缘向上的突起，髁间盒15的深度较浅，股骨髁假体1采用金属股骨髁假体1，股骨髁假体1具有较小面积的髁间盒15，可以保留更多的患者的骨量。髁间盒15的周围具有髁间盒边沿，当髁间盒内安装其他零件时，避免过度摩擦，避免过度摩擦引起的脱位。
如图9所示的，本实施例提供的股骨髁假体1上具有向外延伸的形成假体边界的假体边沿。本实施例提供的假体上具有向外延伸的形成假体边界的假体边沿18。位于前髁11上的假体边沿18的宽度由前髁11的顶部向股骨髁远端12延伸方向的逐渐增大。位于股骨髁远端12的假体边沿18的宽度趋于均匀；一个后髁13的假体边沿18的宽度大于另一个后髁13的假体边沿18的宽度，且宽度大的后髁13的假体边沿18与股骨髁远端12的假体边沿18之间圆弧过渡连接。假体边界处的假体边沿18根据假体的不同部分形成不同的假体边沿18，可更好的贴合截骨面，减少因假体外露产生的术后不适感或功能障碍。
如图9所示的，本实施例提供的前髁11内侧的上半部分上设有倒U型浅槽，前髁11内侧的下半部分上对称设置两个L型浅槽。本实施例提供的前髁11内侧的上半部分上设有倒U型浅槽112，前髁11内侧的下半部分上对称设置两个L型浅槽113，倒U型浅槽112、L型浅槽113和前髁11的假体边沿18形成凹陷区间，该凹陷区间可较好的固定骨。本实施例提供的股骨髁远端12上设置有股骨髁固定柱；股骨髁远端12的上环绕股骨髁固定柱处设有两个开口相向设置的U型槽。股骨髁远端12的上环绕股骨髁固定柱均设有两个开口相向设置的U型槽，U型槽与股骨髁固定柱的假体边沿18形成凹陷区间，该凹陷区间可有效的固定骨。
如图10所示的，图9为本实施例的胫骨垫假体2假体的结构示意图。本实施例的胫骨垫假体2假体的胫骨垫假体关节面21的半径与中心距的数据如表1-2所示，本实施例提供一种胫骨垫假体2假体，胫骨垫假体2假体上设置有胫骨垫假体关节面21，胫骨垫假体2假体包括适用于不同人群的一系列假体，该系列假体的胫骨垫假体关节面21的半径不同、中心距不同。当假体植入，可按照个体的差异选择不同系列的胫骨垫假体2假体。即时胫骨垫假体2假体的型号与股骨髁假体1的型号不匹配，由于本申请的股胫骨垫假体2假体的相邻系列的半径与中心距相近，最大程度上使得相邻型号间胫骨垫假体关节面21的形状近似，可有效的降低股胫骨垫假体2假体的型号与股骨髁假体1的型号不匹配时股骨髁假体1与胫骨垫假体2之间的磨损，降低假体松动的概率。
表1-2
1# 2# 3# 4# 5# 6# 7#
中心距 21.3 21.6 22.1 22.6 23 23.6 24
半径 21 22 22.5 24 25.5 25.7 26
上述方案中，(1)本实施例提供的股骨髁假体1在屈曲时，髌骨沟槽后髁17与髌骨3的接触面积大，减小压强，减小聚乙烯的磨损，增大沟槽与髌骨3的稳定性；该沟槽可以满足不同的个体间差异，屈曲过程中逐渐变深的沟槽又可以为髌骨3提供足够的稳定束缚环境，这样既考虑了不同患者间的差异又考虑了髌骨3运动过程中的稳定性，两者兼顾；本实施例的股骨髁假体1的相邻系列的半径与中心距相近，最大程度上使得相邻型号间股骨髁关节面19的形状近似，可有效的降低股骨髁假体1的型号与胫骨垫假体2的型号不匹配时股骨髁假体1与胫骨垫假体2之间的磨损，降低假体松动的概率；本实施例提供的股骨髁假体1的小面积的髁间盒可以保留更多的患者的骨量；本实施例提供的股骨髁假体1的髁间盒的周围具有髁间盒边沿，当髁间盒内安装其他零件时，避免过度摩擦，避免过度摩擦引起的脱位；本实施例提供的股骨髁假体1的假体边界处的假体边沿根据假体的不同部分形成不同的假体边沿，可更好的贴合截骨面，减少因假体外露产生的术后不适感或功能障碍。
(2)本实施例提供的胫骨垫假体2假体骨降低髁假体与胫骨垫假体2之间的磨损，降低假体松动的概率。
(3)本实施例提供的全膝关节假体可满足个体性的差异股骨髁假体1的髌骨沟槽17满足人体屈曲功能，且与髌骨3稳定连接；股骨髁假体1与胫骨垫假体2假体匹配性高，避免股骨髁关节面19与胫骨垫假体关节面21不匹配，降低股骨髁假体1与胫骨垫假体2假体的摩擦，降低假体松动。本实施例的股骨髁假体1的相邻系列的半径与中心距相近，最大程度上使得相邻型号间股骨髁关节面19的形状近似，可有效的降低股骨髁假体1的型号与胫骨垫假体2的型号不匹配时股骨髁假体1与胫骨垫假体2之间的磨损，降低假体松动的概率。
本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“一端”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“设有”、“连接”应做广义理解。例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。固定连接可以为焊接、螺纹连接和加紧等常见技术方案。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明所述原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种全膝关节假体，其特征在于，包括股骨髁假体和胫骨垫假体，所述股骨髁假体安装在所述胫骨垫假体上；
所述股骨髁假体包括一体式连接的前髁、股骨髁远端和两个后髁；
所述股骨髁远端与两个所述后髁之间形成小面积的髁间盒，所述前髁与所述股骨髁远端的连接处具有一个髁间盒前边缘，髁间盒的一端位于该髁间盒前边缘上，髁间盒的形状小，且髁间盒的深度小；所述髁间盒与所述股骨髁远端和后髁之间形成向外突出的髁间盒边沿；
所述股骨髁远端上设置有股骨髁固定柱；所述股骨髁远端上环绕所述股骨髁固定柱处设有两个开口相向设置的U型槽。
2.如权利要求1所述的全膝关节假体，其特征在于，所述股骨髁假体的外侧设置有髌骨沟槽，所述股骨髁假体的底部设置有股骨髁关节面；
所述髌骨沟槽沿着所述股骨髁假体外侧的顶部向下延伸的深度逐渐增大。
3.如权利要求2所述的全膝关节假体，其特征在于，所述股骨髁假体包括适用于不同人群的一系列假体，该系列假体的股骨髁关节面的半径不同、中心距不同。
4.如权利要求3所述的全膝关节假体，其特征在于，所述一系列假体的股骨髁关节面的半径根据所述一系列假体的系列号逐渐渐变。
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