CN112522555A - High-toughness extrusion casting aluminum-silicon alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength and high-toughness extrusion casting aluminum-silicon alloy and a preparation method thereof. The aluminum-silicon alloy is prepared by adopting an extrusion casting and T6 heat treatment process, and comprises the following main components in percentage by mass: 2.50 to 3.50 percent of silicon, 0.40 to 0.50 percent of magnesium, less than or equal to 0.12 percent of iron, 0.10 to 0.20 percent of titanium, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of chromium, 0.01 to 0.02 percent of strontium and the balance of aluminum. The alloy of the invention improves the plasticity of the alloy by reducing the content of Si, precipitates a nano strengthening phase by heat treatment through microalloying, improves the fluidity of the alloy through extrusion casting, and develops the extrusion casting aluminum alloy with high strength and high toughness, thereby being particularly suitable for manufacturing parts or components with light weight and high toughness requirements and having wide application prospect in the fields of automobiles, communication and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of preparation of aluminum alloy materials, in particular to a high-strength and high-toughness extrusion casting aluminum-silicon alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
For fuel oil vehicles, the fuel consumption can be reduced by 0.3-0.5L/(100km) and the CO can be reduced by 8-11g/(100km) for each 100kg of total vehicle weight2Emission in order to reduce fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emission, the light weight of automobiles is one of the key means for reducing energy consumption and exhaust emission in the automobile industry. The application of the lightweight material is the most direct automobile weight reduction means, in terms of weight, metal material parts account for more than 85% of the whole parts of an automobile, and the aluminum alloy has a series of advantages of small density, sufficient strength, good weldability, corrosion resistance and the like, and is the preferred material for automobile lightweight.
The extrusion casting technology is a forming process which directly or indirectly applies high extrusion force to molten metal poured into a mold cavity to solidify the molten metal under pressure, and in the extrusion casting solidification process, a casting is crystallized under pressure and is always tightly attached to the inner wall of the mold, and the solidification speed is high, so that the obtained casting has the advantages of fine grains, no shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity defect, good comprehensive mechanical property and the like. The extrusion casting technology can effectively improve the performance of the aluminum alloy casting, and further accelerate the development of light weight of the automobile.
A356(alsi7mg0.4) alloy, one of the most commonly used series for casting Al-Si alloys, has good liquid flow, corrosion resistance, good weldability, low shrinkage and low coefficient of thermal expansion, which accounts for 80% of the cast aluminum alloy. But the elongation (5-6%) is low, so that the wide application of the material in the aspects of automobile and other parts is limited. Some researchers found that adding proper Cr to Al-Si-Mg series Cast alloy not only eliminated harmful beta-Fe, but also precipitated Cr-containing nano-strengthening phase by heat treatment, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the alloy (Mahta M., Emamy M., Daman A., et Al. precipitation of Fe rich intermediaries in Cr-and Co-modified A413 alloy [ J ]. International Journal of Metals Research,2005,18(2): 73-79). Research shows that the strength of the alloy is improved after Cr element is added into the gravity casting A356(AlSi7Mg0.4) alloy, but the elongation of the alloy is not improved obviously (in case of dawn, Reyong, Marbin, Leyaunion, Tachsmart. Sr and Cr have influence on the mechanical properties of the high-iron A356 alloy [ J ] hot working process 2014,43(18): 106-.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-strength and high-toughness extrusion casting aluminum-silicon alloy and a preparation method thereof.
The invention aims to solve the problem that the mechanical property of the existing cast AlSiMg alloy is insufficient, improve the alloy plasticity by reducing the Si content, improve the alloy fluidity by extrusion casting, add Cr element and precipitate a Cr-containing nano strengthening phase by heat treatment (refer to fig. 1), so that the developed extrusion casting aluminum alloy has high strength and high toughness.
The purpose of the invention is realized by at least one of the following technical solutions.
The high-strength and high-toughness extrusion casting aluminum-silicon alloy provided by the invention is an alloy material prepared by extrusion casting and T6 heat treatment process.
The invention provides an extrusion casting aluminum-silicon alloy material which has high strength, high toughness and can be strengthened by heat treatment, wherein the plasticity of the alloy is improved by reducing the content of Si, and the alloy is strengthened by adding Cr element microalloy.
The high-strength high-toughness extrusion casting aluminum-silicon alloy (high-strength high-toughness extrusion casting aluminum-silicon alloy material capable of being strengthened by heat treatment) provided by the invention comprises the following elements in percentage by mass:
2.50 to 3.50 percent of silicon;
0.40 to 0.50 percent of magnesium;
iron is less than or equal to 0.12 percent;
0.10 to 0.20 percent of titanium;
0.15 to 0.25 percent of chromium;
0.01 to 0.02 percent of strontium;
the remainder being aluminium.
In the high-strength and high-toughness extrusion casting aluminum-silicon alloy provided by the invention, inevitable trace impurity elements are less than or equal to 0.10%.
The invention provides a method for preparing high-strength and high-toughness extrusion casting aluminum-silicon alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) heating high-purity aluminum to be molten, adding Al-20Si intermediate alloy, Al-50Mg intermediate alloy and Al-5Cr intermediate alloy, melting the intermediate alloy, uniformly mixing, adding Al-10Sr intermediate alloy (modifier) and Al-5Ti-B intermediate alloy (grain refiner), melting the intermediate alloy, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) adding a solid refining agent into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1), refining, degassing, standing, and slagging off to obtain refined mixed solution;
(3) pre-coating a mold with a release agent, preheating to 200-300 ℃, then pouring the refined mixed solution obtained in the step (2) into the mold, and performing extrusion casting treatment to obtain a casting;
(4) and (4) carrying out T6 heat treatment on the casting in the step (3), discharging and air cooling to obtain the high-strength high-toughness extrusion casting aluminum-silicon alloy.
Further, the temperature rise rate of the high-purity aluminum in the step (1) is 100-720 ℃ per hour, and the temperature rise rate of the high-purity aluminum in the step (1) to the melting temperature is 700-720 ℃.
Preferably, the rate of heating the high-purity aluminum in the step (1) is 150 ℃ per hour, and the temperature of heating the high-purity aluminum in the step (1) to be molten is 720 ℃.
Further, the solid refining agent in the step (2) is a ZS-AJ01C commercial refining agent produced by Sichuan lander high-tech industry limited company, and the mass of the solid refining agent is 3-5 per mill of the mass of the mixed liquid; the temperature of the refining treatment in the step (2) is 720-730 ℃, and the time of the refining treatment is 5-10 minutes.
Further, argon gas is used in the degassing treatment of the step (2); the standing time is 15-30 minutes.
Preferably, the standing time in the step (2) is 15 minutes.
Further, the release agent in the step (3) is zinc oxide.
Further, the temperature of pouring the refined mixed solution in the step (3) into the mold is 700-720 ℃.
Further, the pressure of the squeeze casting treatment in the step (3) is 70-80 MPa.
Further, the T6 heat treatment of step (4) includes: the casting is subjected to solid solution and then quenching, and then aging treatment, so that T6 heat treatment is completed.
Preferably, the solid solution temperature is 530 ℃ to 550 ℃, and the solid solution time is 5 to 7 hours; the temperature of the aging treatment is 160-200 ℃, and the time of the aging treatment is 8-12 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the high-strength and high-toughness extrusion casting aluminum-silicon alloy has higher strength and better plastic toughness after heat treatment; the tensile strength in the casting state can reach 180-200MPa, the yield strength is 80-100MPa, and the elongation is 13-15%; after heat treatment, the tensile strength can reach 330-350MPa, the yield strength can reach 250-270MPa, and the elongation is 12-14%;
(2) the high-strength and high-toughness extrusion casting aluminum-silicon alloy is prepared from high-purity aluminum, Al-50Mg, Al-20Si, Al-5Cr, Al-5Ti-B grain refiner and Al-10Sr alterant, and the production components are easy to control;
(3) the high-strength and high-toughness extrusion casting aluminum-silicon alloy can be used for precipitating a Cr-containing nano precipitated phase through heat treatment, so that the yield strength of the alloy is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a TEM image of Cr-containing nanophase precipitated by heat treatment of the high-toughness squeeze-cast aluminum-silicon alloy of example 1 in the invention;
FIG. 2 is a TEM image of Cr-containing nano-phase precipitated by heat treatment of high-toughness squeeze casting aluminum-silicon alloy in example 2 of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a TEM image of Cr-containing nano-phase precipitated by heat treatment of high-toughness squeeze casting aluminum-silicon alloy in example 3 of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are presented to further illustrate the practice of the invention, but the practice and protection of the invention is not limited thereto. It is noted that the processes described below, if not specifically described in detail, are all realizable or understandable by those skilled in the art with reference to the prior art. The reagents or apparatus used are not indicated to the manufacturer, and are considered to be conventional products available by commercial purchase.
Example one
The method comprises the following steps: ingredients
TABLE 1
Step two: melting
Adding high-purity aluminum into a melting furnace, then heating to 150 ℃ per hour, heating to 720 ℃, after the alloy is completely melted, sequentially adding Al-20Si, Al-50Mg and Al-5Cr intermediate alloy, melting the intermediate alloy, ensuring that the alloy components are uniformly mixed, adding Al-Sr10 intermediate alloy and Al-5Ti-B intermediate alloy into aluminum liquid, melting the intermediate alloy, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution, then adding a commercial solid refining agent (ZS-AJ01C) into the mixed solution according to the proportion (mass ratio) of four per thousand, refining at 720-730 ℃, wherein the refining time is 5 minutes, degassing by using high-purity argon, standing for 15 minutes, and skimming.
Step three: squeeze casting
The mold is precoated with a mold release agent and preheated to 200 ℃, the temperature of the aluminum liquid is controlled within the range of 700-720 ℃ for casting, and the extrusion pressure is 70 MPa.
Step four: thermal treatment
Carrying out T6 heat treatment on the casting in a numerical control resistance furnace, wherein the heat treatment process is to carry out solution treatment for 6h at 540 ℃, then quenching, then aging for 9h at 175 ℃, discharging and air cooling. After heat treatment, a Cr-containing nano strengthening phase is precipitated in the alloy, as shown in figure 1.
The alloy material obtained by the steps contains 2.89% of silicon, 0.49% of magnesium, 0.07% of iron, 0.15% of titanium, 0.012% of strontium, 0.25% of chromium, less than or equal to 0.10% of other impurity elements and the balance of aluminum. The casting was processed according to the dimensions of a rod-like tensile test specimen (gauge length section diameter phi 6mm, gauge length section dimension 30mm) in the GB/T228.1-2010 "metallic Material tensile test method" standard, and then a tensile test was performed on an Shimadzu AG-X100 KN type universal material testing machine in a tensile test with a tensile speed set at 1mm/min, and the mechanical properties of the casting in an as-cast state and after T6 heat treatment were as shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 mechanical properties of the alloy of example 1
Example two
The method comprises the following steps: ingredients
TABLE 3
Step two: melting
Adding high-purity aluminum into a melting furnace, then heating to 150 ℃ per hour, heating to 720 ℃, after the alloy is completely melted, sequentially adding Al-20Si, Al-50Mg and Al-5Cr intermediate alloy, melting the intermediate alloy, ensuring that the alloy components are uniformly mixed, adding Al-10Sr intermediate alloy and Al-5Ti-B intermediate alloy into aluminum liquid, melting the intermediate alloy, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution, then adding a commercial solid refining agent (ZS-AJ01C) into the mixed solution according to the proportion (mass ratio) of four per thousand, refining at 720-730 ℃, wherein the refining time is 10 minutes, degassing by using high-purity argon, standing for 30 minutes, and then slagging off.
Step three: squeeze casting
The mold is precoated with a mold release agent and preheated to 250 ℃, the temperature of the aluminum liquid is controlled within the range of 700-720 ℃ for casting, and the extrusion pressure is 75 MPa.
Step four: thermal treatment
Carrying out T6 heat treatment on the casting in a numerical control resistance furnace, wherein the heat treatment process is to carry out solution treatment for 6h at 540 ℃, then quenching, then aging for 9h at 175 ℃, discharging and air cooling. After heat treatment, a Cr-containing nano-reinforcing phase is precipitated in the alloy, as shown in FIG. 2.
The alloy material obtained by the steps contains 3.25% of silicon, 0.45% of magnesium, 0.07% of iron, 0.13% of titanium, 0.018% of strontium, 0.20% of chromium, less than or equal to 0.10% of other impurity elements and the balance of aluminum. The casting was processed according to the dimensions of a rod-like tensile test specimen (gauge length section diameter phi 6mm, gauge length section dimension 30mm) in the GB/T228.1-2010 "metallic Material tensile test method" standard, and then a tensile test was performed on an Shimadzu AG-X100 KN type universal material testing machine in a tensile test with a tensile speed set at 1mm/min, and the mechanical properties of the casting in an as-cast state and after T6 heat treatment were as shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 mechanical properties of the alloy of example 2
EXAMPLE III
The method comprises the following steps: ingredients
TABLE 5
Step two: melting
Adding high-purity aluminum into a melting furnace, then heating to 150 ℃ per hour, heating to 720 ℃, after the alloy is completely melted, sequentially adding Al-20Si, Al-50Mg and Al-5Cr intermediate alloy, melting the intermediate alloy, ensuring that the alloy components are uniformly mixed, adding Al-10Sr intermediate alloy and Al-5Ti-B intermediate alloy into aluminum liquid, melting the intermediate alloy, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution, then adding a commercial solid refining agent (ZS-AJ01C) into the mixed solution according to the proportion (mass ratio) of four per thousand, refining at 720-730 ℃, wherein the refining time is 8 minutes, degassing by using high-purity argon, standing for 20 minutes, and then slagging off.
Step three: squeeze casting
The mold is precoated with a mold release agent and preheated to 300 ℃, the temperature of the aluminum liquid is controlled within the range of 700-720 ℃ for casting, and the extrusion pressure is 80 MPa.
Step four: thermal treatment
Carrying out T6 heat treatment on the casting in a numerical control resistance furnace, wherein the heat treatment process is to carry out solution treatment for 6h at 540 ℃, then quenching, then aging for 9h at 175 ℃, discharging and air cooling. After heat treatment, a Cr-containing nano-reinforcing phase is precipitated in the alloy, as shown in FIG. 3.
The alloy material obtained by the steps contains 2.66% of silicon, 0.41% of magnesium, 0.07% of iron, 0.16% of titanium, 0.015% of strontium, 0.15% of chromium, less than or equal to 0.10% of other impurity elements and the balance of aluminum. The casting was processed according to the dimensions of a rod-like tensile test specimen (gauge length section diameter phi 6mm, gauge length section dimension 30mm) in the GB/T228.1-2010 "metallic Material tensile test method" standard, and then a tensile test was performed on an Shimadzu AG-X100 KN type universal material testing machine in a tensile test with a tensile speed set at 1mm/min, and the mechanical properties of the casting in an as-cast state and after T6 heat treatment were as shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 mechanical properties of the alloy of example 3
As is apparent from the mechanical properties of the alloys in tables 2, 4 and 6, when about 0.20% of Cr element was added to the alloys, the as-cast properties and the heat-treated properties of T6 of the alloys both reached the peak values.
The above examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are intended to be illustrative and not limiting, and those skilled in the art should understand that they can make various changes, substitutions and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The high-strength and high-toughness extrusion casting aluminum-silicon alloy is characterized by comprising the following elements in percentage by mass:
2. a method for preparing the high-toughness squeeze-cast aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) heating high-purity aluminum to be molten, then adding Al-20Si intermediate alloy, Al-50Mg intermediate alloy and Al-5Cr intermediate alloy, melting the intermediate alloy, uniformly mixing, then adding Al-10Sr intermediate alloy and Al-5Ti-B intermediate alloy, melting the intermediate alloy, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) adding a solid refining agent into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1), refining, degassing, standing, and slagging off to obtain refined mixed solution;
(3) pre-coating a mold with a release agent, preheating to 200-300 ℃, then pouring the refined mixed solution obtained in the step (2) into the mold, and performing extrusion casting treatment to obtain a casting;
(4) and (4) carrying out T6 heat treatment on the casting in the step (3), discharging and air cooling to obtain the high-strength high-toughness extrusion casting aluminum-silicon alloy.
3. The method for preparing the high-toughness squeeze casting aluminum-silicon alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein the temperature rise rate of the high-purity aluminum in the step (1) is 100-150 ℃ per hour, and the temperature rise rate of the high-purity aluminum in the step (1) is 700-720 ℃ until the high-purity aluminum is melted.
4. The method for preparing the high-toughness extrusion casting aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 2, wherein the solid refining agent in the step (2) is a ZS-AJ01C commercial refining agent produced by Sichuan lander high-tech industry Co., Ltd, and the mass of the solid refining agent is 3-5% of the mass of the mixed solution; the temperature of the refining treatment in the step (2) is 720-730 ℃, and the time of the refining treatment is 5-10 minutes.
5. The method for preparing the high-toughness squeeze-cast aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 2, wherein argon is used in the degassing treatment in the step (2); the standing time is 15-30 minutes.
6. The method for preparing the high-toughness squeeze casting aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 2, wherein the release agent in the step (3) is zinc oxide.
7. The method for preparing the high-toughness squeeze casting aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 2, wherein the temperature for pouring the refined mixed solution in the step (3) into the mold is 700-720 ℃.
8. The method for preparing the high-toughness squeeze casting aluminum-silicon alloy according to the claim 2, wherein the pressure of the squeeze casting treatment in the step (3) is 70-80 MPa.
9. The method for preparing the high-toughness squeeze-cast aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 2, wherein the T6 heat treatment in the step (4) comprises the following steps: the casting is subjected to solid solution and then quenching, and then aging treatment, so that T6 heat treatment is completed.
10. The method for preparing the high-toughness extrusion casting aluminum-silicon alloy as claimed in claim 9, wherein the solid solution temperature is 530 ℃ to 550 ℃, and the solid solution time is 5-7 hours; the temperature of the aging treatment is 160-200 ℃, and the time of the aging treatment is 8-12 hours.
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| CN113637880A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-11-12 | 上海大学 | High-strength high-plasticity aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN113637880B (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2022-12-23 | 上海大学 | High-strength high-plasticity aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN113528902A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-10-22 | 广东华昌集团有限公司 | High-strength high-conductivity wrought aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210319 |