CN112505423B - System and method for evaluating impact impedance distortion rate of horizontal grounding electrode - Google Patents
System and method for evaluating impact impedance distortion rate of horizontal grounding electrode Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a system and a method for evaluating the impact impedance distortion rate of a horizontal grounding electrode, wherein the system comprises an upper computer, a communication module, an analysis control module, an impact voltage generation module, a voltage sensor and a power supply module; the upper computer sends a trigger signal which is transmitted to the impulse voltage generation module through the communication module and the analysis control module, and the impulse voltage generation module sends impulse voltage to the top end of the tower; the voltage sensor collects the refraction and reflection voltage and transmits the refraction and reflection voltage to the analysis control module; the analysis control module calculates the impact impedance and the impact impedance distortion factor of the horizontal grounding electrode and sends the impact impedance and the impact impedance distortion factor to an upper computer; and the upper computer evaluates the horizontal grounding electrode according to the impact impedance distortion factor. The method comprises the step of sending impulse voltage U to the top end of the tower through an impulse voltage generation moduleiVoltage sensor for collecting catadioptric voltage UoThe analysis control module calculates the impact impedance Z of the horizontal grounding electrodemAnd the impact impedance distortion factor eta, and the upper computer evaluates the horizontal grounding electrode of the pole tower according to the eta.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lightning protection, in particular to a system and a method for evaluating impact impedance distortion rate of a horizontal grounding electrode.
Background
Accidents caused by lightning striking the transmission line in severe weather frequently occur. When lightning directly strikes a tower or an overhead ground wire of a line, lightning current flows to the ground through the tower and a horizontal grounding electrode, and due to the fact that impulse impedance exists between the tower and the horizontal grounding electrode, the lightning current can generate voltage drop on the impedance, and the impulse impedance of the horizontal grounding electrode directly influences the lightning protection level of a power transmission line; and the impact resistance of the horizontal grounding electrode can generate distortion in the working process, and the lightning protection level of the power transmission line can be influenced when the distortion degree is serious, so that the operation safety of the power transmission line is influenced. In the prior art, the impact resistance of the grounding electrode is only measured or calculated, and the evaluation of the impact resistance distortion rate of the horizontal grounding electrode is not involved; and the measuring method of the impact impedance comprises the following steps: the power frequency grounding resistance of the tower grounding device is measured and then multiplied by the impact coefficient to obtain the impact grounding resistance, the method is used for solving by an indirect means, and the reliability of the result is poor; the three-pole method in the traditional ground resistance measurement is utilized to measure the impact ground impedance, but the three-pole method is derived from the rule of ground surface potential distribution in uniform soil, and when the soil structure is not uniform, the measurement result has errors. In order to accurately measure whether the impact impedance of the horizontal grounding electrode under the complex soil working condition is distorted or not and the distortion degree, an intelligent evaluation system and an intelligent evaluation method are urgently needed.
Chinese patent application CN101650389A published in 2010, 2 months and 17 days provides a method and an instrument for measuring impulse grounding resistance of a power transmission line tower. The method comprises the steps that an impact current generator generates incident current to be injected into the ground, a data acquisition device acquires voltage and current of a tower grounding body, an MCU control board is used for processing and linearly amplifying the acquired data, voltage response of the grounding body under the action of standard lightning current is solved, equivalent voltage um and current peak value im are obtained, and finally, the tower impact grounding resistance is obtained according to a formula Rch (um/im). According to the method, an impulse current generator generates incident current to be injected into the ground, a data acquisition device acquires voltage and current of a tower grounding body, and then the voltage and the current are linearly amplified to calculate impulse grounding resistance. The current injection mode of the method is not consistent with the actual situation, the acquired voltage and current numerical values have no reference, errors are increased again through the linear amplification process, the finally obtained impulse grounding resistance is poor in reliability, and the distortion rate of the impulse resistance of the horizontal grounding electrode is not evaluated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a system and a method for evaluating the impact impedance distortion rate of a horizontal grounding electrode, aiming at overcoming the defect that the impact impedance distortion rate of the horizontal grounding electrode is not evaluated in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a system for evaluating the impact impedance distortion rate of a horizontal grounding electrode, which comprises an upper computer, a communication module, an analysis control module, an impact voltage generation module, a voltage sensor and a power supply module, wherein the upper computer is connected with the communication module;
the upper computer sends a trigger signal, the trigger signal is transmitted to the analysis control module through the communication module, the analysis control module sends a trigger instruction to the impulse voltage generation module, and the impulse voltage generation module sends impulse voltage to the top end of the tower after receiving the trigger instruction;
the voltage sensor is arranged on a tower lightning conductor and used for collecting the catadioptric voltage of a horizontal grounding electrode of a tower to the impulse voltage and transmitting the catadioptric voltage to the analysis control module; the analysis control module calculates the impact impedance and the impact impedance distortion factor of the horizontal grounding electrode according to the impact voltage, the catadioptric voltage, tower building parameters and the soil parameters of the position of the tower, and sends the impact impedance distortion factor to the upper computer through the communication module; the upper computer evaluates the horizontal grounding electrode according to the impact impedance distortion factor;
the power supply module supplies power to the communication module, the analysis control module, the impulse voltage generation module and the voltage sensor.
Preferably, the surge voltage generation module comprises a surge voltage generator, a coaxial cable and a generation contact; the input end of the impulse voltage generator is connected with the analysis control module, the output end of the impulse voltage generator is connected with the generating contact through a coaxial cable, and the generating contact is arranged at the top end of the tower.
Preferably, the surge voltage generator is a standard lightning wave surge voltage generator.
Preferably, the power module comprises a solar panel and a storage battery pack, the solar panel charges the storage battery pack, and the storage battery pack supplies power to the communication module, the analysis control module, the impulse voltage generation module and the voltage sensor.
The invention also provides a method for evaluating the impact resistance distortion rate of the horizontal grounding electrode, which comprises the following steps:
s1: the impulse voltage generation module sends impulse voltage U to the top end of the toweri：
The upper computer sends out a trigger signal and transmits the trigger signal to the analysis control module through the communication module; the analysis control module sends a trigger instruction to the impulse voltage generation module, and the impulse voltage generation module sends impulse voltage U to the top end of the tower after receiving the trigger instructioni；
S2: voltage sensor for collecting catadioptric voltage Uo: impulse voltage U of horizontal earth pole pair S1 of pole toweriMake refraction and reflection to generate refraction and reflection voltage UoThe voltage sensor collects catadioptric voltage Uo；
S3: calculating impact impedance Z of tower horizontal grounding electrodem: analysis and control module according to impulse voltage UiVoltage U of refraction and reflectionoAnd tower construction parameters are calculated to calculate the impact impedance Z of the tower horizontal grounding electrodem；
S4: calculating the impact impedance distortion factor eta of the horizontal grounding pole of the tower: the analysis control module analyzes the impact impedance Z of the horizontal grounding electrode of the pole tower according to the S3mCalculating the impact impedance distortion factor of the horizontal grounding electrode of the tower according to the soil parameters of the position of the towerA number η;
s5: and the upper computer evaluates the horizontal grounding electrode of the pole tower according to the impact impedance distortion factor eta of S4.
Preferably, in S3, the tower pole horizontal grounding pole is a mesh horizontal grounding pole, and the tower construction parameter includes a tower top radius r1Radius r in tower2Radius of tower footing r3Height h of foundation into tower1Height h from the middle to the top of the column2And the height H of the tower.
Preferably, in S3, the impact impedance Zm of the tower horizontal grounding electrode is calculated by the following formula:
wherein r is1Denotes the radius of the column top, r2Denotes the radius in the column, r3Denotes the radius of the column foot, h1Denotes the height of the foundation into the column, h2Height from the tower to the tower top, H height of the tower, UiRepresenting the surge voltage, UoRepresenting the catadioptric voltage.
Preferably, in S4, the soil parameters of the position where the tower is located include: average soil resistivity rho, first soil resistivity rho1Second soil resistivity ρ2First soil resistivity ρ1Upper ground net area S1Second soil resistivity ρ2Upper ground net area S2And the total area S, Zm of the grounding grid represents the impact impedance of the horizontal grounding pole of the tower.
Preferably, in S4, the impulse impedance distortion factor η of the tower horizontal grounding electrode is calculated by the following formula:
where ρ represents the average soil resistivity, ρ1Representing a first soil resistivity, p2Representing a second soil resistivity, S1Denotes the first kindResistivity of soil rho1Upper ground area, S2Representing a second soil resistivity p2The upper ground net area, S represents the total ground net area.
Preferably, in S5, the evaluating method specifically includes:
when eta belongs to (0, 1), the distortion degree of the horizontal grounding electrode of the tower is normal;
when eta belongs to (1, infinity), the distortion degree of the tower horizontal grounding electrode is serious, and the larger the eta value is, the more serious the distortion degree is, and the tower horizontal grounding electrode needs to be replaced.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the upper computer sends out a trigger signal, the trigger signal is transmitted to the analysis control module through the communication module, the analysis control module sends out a trigger instruction to the impulse voltage generation module, and the impulse voltage generation module sends out impulse voltage to the tower; the voltage sensor collects the catadioptric voltage of the horizontal grounding electrode of the tower to the impulse voltage and transmits the catadioptric voltage to the analysis control module; the analysis control module calculates the impact impedance and the impact impedance distortion factor of the horizontal grounding electrode and sends the impact impedance distortion factor to an upper computer; and the upper computer evaluates the horizontal grounding electrode according to the impact impedance distortion factor. The method not only calculates the impact impedance of the horizontal grounding electrode, but also evaluates the distortion degree of the horizontal grounding electrode by calculating the impact impedance distortion factor of the horizontal grounding electrode, and the obtained result has high reliability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for evaluating the impact resistance distortion rate of a horizontal grounding electrode according to embodiment 1;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for evaluating the impact resistance distortion rate of a horizontal grounding electrode according to embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product;
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a system for evaluating the impact impedance distortion rate of a horizontal grounding electrode, as shown in fig. 1, the system comprises an upper computer, a communication module, an analysis control module, an impact voltage generation module, a voltage sensor and a power supply module;
the upper computer sends a trigger signal, the trigger signal is transmitted to the analysis control module through the communication module, the analysis control module sends a trigger instruction to the impulse voltage generation module, and the impulse voltage generation module sends impulse voltage to the top end of the tower after receiving the trigger instruction;
the voltage sensor is arranged on a tower lightning conductor, and the lightning conductor is connected with a horizontal grounding electrode; the voltage sensor is used for collecting the catadioptric voltage of a horizontal grounding electrode of a tower to the impulse voltage and transmitting the catadioptric voltage to the analysis control module; the analysis control module calculates the impact impedance and the impact impedance distortion factor of the horizontal grounding electrode according to the impact voltage, the catadioptric voltage, tower building parameters and the soil parameters of the position of the tower, and sends the impact impedance distortion factor to the upper computer through the communication module; the upper computer evaluates the horizontal grounding electrode according to the impact impedance distortion factor;
the power supply module supplies power to the communication module, the analysis control module, the impulse voltage generation module and the voltage sensor.
The impulse voltage generating module comprises an impulse voltage generator, a coaxial cable and a generating contact; the input end of the impulse voltage generator is connected with the analysis control module, the output end of the impulse voltage generator is connected with the generating contact through a coaxial cable, and the generating contact is arranged at the top end of the tower.
The surge voltage generator is a standard lightning wave surge voltage generator and is used for emitting standard lightning waves.
The power module comprises a solar panel and a storage battery pack, the solar panel charges the storage battery pack, and the storage battery pack supplies power to the communication module, the analysis control module, the impulse voltage generation module and the voltage sensor.
The method not only calculates the impact resistance value of the horizontal grounding electrode, but also calculates the impact resistance distortion factor of the horizontal grounding electrode, accurately and visually reflects the distortion degree of the horizontal grounding electrode, and provides guidance for whether to replace the horizontal grounding electrode; a standard lightning wave impulse voltage generator is selected, so that the evaluation is closer to the actual situation, and the reliability of the result is improved; the power supply module of the solar panel and the storage battery pack is selected, solar energy is converted into electric energy to supply power to the system, and energy is saved; the upper computer is used for completing main operation and control, when the tower is faced to different soil working conditions or different building parameters, the tower building parameters and the soil parameters at the position of the tower are transmitted to the analysis control module through the upper computer, calculation can be completed, and the universality of the system is improved.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for evaluating the impact resistance distortion rate of a horizontal grounding electrode, as shown in fig. 2, the method comprises the following steps:
s1: the impulse voltage generation module sends impulse voltage U to the top end of the toweri：
The upper computer sends out a trigger signal and transmits the trigger signal to the analysis control module through the communication module; the analysis control module sends a trigger instruction to the impulse voltage generation module, and the impulse voltage generation module sends impulse voltage U to the tower after receiving the trigger instructioni；
S2: voltage sensor for collecting catadioptric voltage Uo: impulse voltage U of horizontal earth pole pair S1 of pole toweriMake refraction and reflection to generate refraction and reflection voltage UoThe voltage sensor collects catadioptric voltage Uo；
S3: calculating impact impedance Z of tower horizontal grounding electrodem: analysis and control module according to impulse voltage UiVoltage U of refraction and reflectionoTower and tower construction parameter calculating rodImpact impedance Z of tower horizontal grounding electrodem；
S4: calculating the impact impedance distortion factor eta of the horizontal grounding pole of the tower: the analysis control module analyzes the impact impedance Z of the horizontal grounding electrode of the pole tower according to the S3mCalculating the impact impedance distortion factor eta of the horizontal grounding electrode of the tower according to the soil parameters of the position of the tower;
s5: and the upper computer evaluates the horizontal grounding electrode of the pole tower according to the impact impedance distortion factor eta of S4.
In S3, the tower pole horizontal grounding pole is a net horizontal grounding pole, and tower construction parameters comprise tower top radius r1Radius r in tower2Radius of tower footing r3Height h of foundation into tower1Height h from the middle to the top of the column2And the height H of the tower.
In S3, the impact impedance Zm of the tower horizontal grounding electrode is calculated by the following formula:
wherein r is1Denotes the radius of the column top, r2Denotes the radius in the column, r3Denotes the radius of the column foot, h1Denotes the height of the foundation into the column, h2Height from the tower to the tower top, H height of the tower, UiRepresenting the surge voltage, UoRepresenting the catadioptric voltage.
In S4, the soil parameters of the position where the tower is located include: average soil resistivity rho, first soil resistivity rho1Second soil resistivity ρ2First soil resistivity ρ1Upper ground net area S1Second soil resistivity ρ2Upper ground net area S2And the total area S, Zm of the grounding grid represents the impact impedance of the horizontal grounding pole of the tower.
In S4, the impulse impedance distortion factor η of the tower horizontal grounding electrode is calculated by the following formula:
where ρ represents the average soil resistivity, ρ1Representing a first soil resistivity, p2Representing a second soil resistivity, S1Representing a first soil resistivity p1Upper ground area, S2Representing a second soil resistivity p2The upper ground net area, S represents the total ground net area.
In S5, the evaluating method specifically includes:
when eta belongs to (0, 1), the distortion degree of the horizontal grounding electrode of the tower is normal;
when eta belongs to (1, infinity), the distortion degree of the tower horizontal grounding electrode is serious, and the larger the eta value is, the more serious the distortion degree is, and the tower horizontal grounding electrode needs to be replaced.
The method not only calculates the impact resistance value of the horizontal grounding electrode, but also calculates the impact resistance distortion factor of the horizontal grounding electrode, accurately and visually reflects the distortion degree of the horizontal grounding electrode, and provides guidance for whether to replace the horizontal grounding electrode; and when the impact resistance distortion factor is calculated, the soil working condition that the position of the horizontal grounding electrode is complex is considered, the influence of the soil resistivity on the impact resistance distortion factor is reduced, and the error is reduced.
The terms describing positional relationships in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
it should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A system for evaluating the impact impedance distortion rate of a horizontal grounding electrode is characterized by comprising an upper computer, a communication module, an analysis control module, an impact voltage generation module, a voltage sensor and a power supply module;
the upper computer sends a trigger signal, the trigger signal is transmitted to the analysis control module through the communication module, the analysis control module sends a trigger instruction to the impulse voltage generation module, and the impulse voltage generation module sends impulse voltage to the top end of the tower after receiving the trigger instruction;
the voltage sensor is used for collecting the catadioptric voltage of a horizontal grounding electrode of a tower to the impulse voltage and transmitting the catadioptric voltage to the analysis control module;
the analysis control module calculates the impact impedance and the impact impedance distortion factor of the horizontal grounding electrode according to the impact voltage, the catadioptric voltage, tower building parameters and the soil parameters of the position of the tower, and sends the impact impedance distortion factor to the upper computer through the communication module;
the tower horizontal grounding electrode is a net-shaped horizontal grounding electrode, and tower construction parameters comprise tower top radius r1Radius r in tower2Radius of tower footing r3Height h of foundation into tower1Height h from the middle to the top of the column2The height H of the tower; the impact resistance Zm is calculated by the following formula:
wherein r is1Denotes the radius of the column top, r2Denotes the radius in the column, r3Denotes the radius of the column foot, h1Denotes the height of the foundation into the column, h2Height from the tower to the tower top, H height of the tower, UiRepresenting the surge voltage, UoRepresenting the catadioptric voltage;
the soil parameters of the position where the tower is located comprise: average soil resistivity rho, first soil resistivity rho1Second soil resistivity ρ2First soil resistivity ρ1Upper ground net area S1Second kind of soil electricityResistivity ρ2Upper ground net area S2The total area S, Zm of the grounding grid represents the impact impedance of the horizontal grounding electrode of the tower; the impulse impedance distortion factor is calculated by the following formula:
where ρ represents the average soil resistivity, ρ1Representing a first soil resistivity, p2Representing a second soil resistivity, S1Representing a first soil resistivity p1Upper ground area, S2Representing a second soil resistivity p2The area of the upper grounding grid, S represents the total area of the grounding grid;
the upper computer evaluates the horizontal grounding electrode according to the impact impedance distortion factor;
the power supply module supplies power to the communication module, the analysis control module, the impulse voltage generation module and the voltage sensor.
2. The system for evaluating the impact impedance distortion rate of the horizontal grounding electrode according to claim 1, wherein the impact voltage generation module comprises an impact voltage generator, a coaxial cable and a generation contact; the input end of the impulse voltage generator is connected with the analysis control module, the output end of the impulse voltage generator is connected with the generating contact through a coaxial cable, and the generating contact is arranged at the top end of the tower.
3. The system for evaluating the impact impedance distortion rate of the horizontal grounding electrode according to claim 2, wherein the surge voltage generator is a standard lightning wave surge voltage generator.
4. The system for evaluating the impact impedance distortion rate of the horizontal grounding electrode according to claim 3, wherein the power supply module comprises a solar panel and a storage battery pack, the solar panel charges the storage battery pack, and the storage battery pack supplies power to the communication module, the analysis control module, the impact voltage generation module and the voltage sensor.
5. A method for evaluating the impact resistance distortion rate of a horizontal grounding electrode is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the impulse voltage generation module sends impulse voltage U to the top end of the toweri：
The upper computer sends out a trigger signal and transmits the trigger signal to the analysis control module through the communication module; the analysis control module sends a trigger instruction to the impulse voltage generation module, and the impulse voltage generation module sends impulse voltage U to the top end of the tower after receiving the trigger instructioni；
S2: voltage sensor for collecting catadioptric voltage Uo: impulse voltage U of horizontal earth pole pair S1 of pole toweriMake refraction and reflection to generate refraction and reflection voltage UoThe voltage sensor collects catadioptric voltage Uo；
S3: calculating impact impedance Z of tower horizontal grounding electrodem: analysis and control module according to impulse voltage UiVoltage U of refraction and reflectionoAnd tower construction parameters are calculated to calculate the impact impedance Z of the tower horizontal grounding electrodem；
The tower horizontal grounding electrode is a net-shaped horizontal grounding electrode, and tower construction parameters comprise tower top radius r1Radius r in tower2Radius of tower footing r3Height h of foundation into tower1Height h from the middle to the top of the column2The height H of the tower; impact impedance Z of tower horizontal grounding electrodemCalculated by the following formula:
wherein r is1Denotes the radius of the column top, r2Denotes the radius in the column, r3Denotes the radius of the column foot, h1Denotes the height of the foundation into the column, h2Height from the tower to the tower top, H height of the tower, UiRepresenting the surge voltage, UoRepresenting the catadioptric voltage;
s4: calculating the impact impedance distortion factor eta of the horizontal grounding pole of the tower: the analysis control module analyzes the impact impedance Z of the horizontal grounding electrode of the pole tower according to the S3mCalculating the impact impedance distortion factor eta of the horizontal grounding electrode of the tower according to the soil parameters of the position of the tower;
the soil parameters of the position where the tower is located comprise: average soil resistivity rho, first soil resistivity rho1Second soil resistivity ρ2First soil resistivity ρ1Upper ground net area S1Second soil resistivity ρ2Upper ground net area S2The total area S of the grounding grid;
the impact impedance distortion factor eta of the tower horizontal grounding electrode is calculated by the following formula:
where ρ represents the average soil resistivity, ρ1Representing a first soil resistivity, p2Representing a second soil resistivity, S1Representing a first soil resistivity p1Upper ground area, S2Representing a second soil resistivity p2The area of the upper grounding grid, S represents the total area of the grounding grid, and Zm represents the impact impedance of the horizontal grounding electrode of the tower;
s5: and the upper computer evaluates the horizontal grounding electrode of the pole tower according to the impact impedance distortion factor eta of S4.
6. The method for evaluating the impact resistance distortion rate of a horizontal grounding electrode according to claim 5, wherein in S5, the evaluating method is specifically as follows:
when eta belongs to (0, 1), the distortion degree of the horizontal grounding electrode of the tower is normal;
when eta belongs to (1, infinity), the distortion degree of the tower horizontal grounding electrode is serious, and the larger the eta value is, the more serious the distortion degree is, and the tower horizontal grounding electrode needs to be replaced.
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