CN112496105A - Method for bending U-shaped nickel base tube with small bending radius - Google Patents
Method for bending U-shaped nickel base tube with small bending radius Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112496105A CN112496105A CN202011145051.5A CN202011145051A CN112496105A CN 112496105 A CN112496105 A CN 112496105A CN 202011145051 A CN202011145051 A CN 202011145051A CN 112496105 A CN112496105 A CN 112496105A
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HVIBDEARFMWSND-WNKXUTMESA-N φ 27 Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC=1NC=NC=1)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HVIBDEARFMWSND-WNKXUTMESA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C51/00—Measuring, gauging, indicating, counting, or marking devices specially adapted for use in the production or manipulation of material in accordance with subclasses B21B - B21F
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D43/00—Feeding, positioning or storing devices combined with, or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, apparatus for working or processing sheet metal, metal tubes or metal profiles; Associations therewith of cutting devices
- B21D43/003—Positioning devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
- B21D7/16—Auxiliary equipment, e.g. for heating or cooling of bends
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for bending a U-shaped nickel base pipe with a small bending radius, which comprises the following steps: hot perforation, acid washing, intermediate cold rolling, deoiling, heat treatment, finished product cold rolling, deoiling, finished product heat treatment, marking, adjusting, bending, inspecting and warehousing. The invention provides a small-bending-radius U-shaped nickel base pipe bent pipe which can be efficiently bent and has good quality and high yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of U-shaped bent pipe manufacturing, and particularly relates to a method for bending a U-shaped N06600 nickel base pipe with a small bending radius.
Background
The U-shaped pipe type heat exchanger and other equipment have simple structure, low price and strong bearing capacity, thereby being widely applied and ensuring that the U-shaped bent pipe has very large demand. However, in the production process of the U-bend, the bend region of the U-bend having a small bending radius is deformed by a large amount, and thus it is difficult to manufacture the U-bend. At present, although a plurality of enterprises can produce the steel plate, the steel plate is semi-empirical, has low yield and low efficiency and needs a large amount of bending test.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides the pipe bending method for the small-bending-radius U-shaped nickel base pipe, which has the advantages of simple steps, convenience in operation, good bending quality and high yield.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the pipe bending method of the small-bending-radius U-shaped nickel base pipe is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a N06600 nickel-based tube blank is subjected to hot perforation, acid pickling, intermediate cold rolling, deoiling, heat treatment, finished product cold rolling and deoiling in sequence to obtain an N06600 nickel-based tube;
secondly, annealing heat treatment is carried out on the N06600 nickel base tubes by adopting a hydrogen-protected continuous roller hearth furnace, when the tubes are arranged, the N06600 nickel base tubes are placed in a single row, the number of each row of N06600 nickel base tubes is the same, a row of process test tubes with the same brand, the same specification and the length of more than 10m are placed in front of a head row and behind a tail row of the N06600 nickel base tubes to be annealed, and the distance between the rear ends of the front row and the front ends of the rear row of the adjacent two rows of tubes is controlled to be 10-20 cm; during annealing heat treatment, the heat treatment temperature is controlled to be 880-900 ℃, and the heat treatment heat preservation time is controlled to be: the heat preservation is carried out for 4-6 min corresponding to the thickness of each millimeter of pipe wall, water jacket cooling is carried out after heat treatment and heat preservation, the N06600 nickel-based pipe is cooled to 400-500 ℃ for 2-4 min, and then the N06600 nickel-based pipe is air-cooled to 15-25 ℃;
respectively sampling three tubes in the middle and two sides of each row of N06600 nickel base tubes for room temperature tensile test, wherein the heads, the middle and the tails of the three tubes need to be sampled for room temperature tensile test, the tensile strength of the three tubes is 650-700 MPa, and the yield strength of the three tubes is 250-300 MPa;
marking the central point of the N06600 nickel-based tube qualified in the tensile test in the length direction by using a marker pen; calculating the length L of the elbow according to the bending radius R of the required bent pipe, and marking a starting bending point and a final bending point, wherein the distance between the starting bending point and the final bending point and the central point of the nickel-based pipe in the length direction is L/2;
fifthly, clamping the marked N06600 nickel-based tube in a pressing mechanism and a die clamping mechanism of the tube bending machine, and enabling the position of a bending starting point to be located between the pressing mechanism and the die clamping mechanism;
starting the pipe bending machine to bend the pipe, driving a die clamping mechanism fixed on the pipe bending die to slowly rotate by the bending die to bend the pipe, wherein the rotating end of the N06600 nickel base pipe needs to be supported during bending, the rotating angular speed of the bending die is controlled to be 2-4 degrees/second, and the rotating angle of the bending die is controlled to be 181-185 degrees;
and seventhly, inspecting and warehousing the qualified product.
Preferably, in the first step, the heating temperature of the hot-punched tube blank is 1050-1150 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 90-120 min; the elongation coefficients of the intermediate cold rolling and the finished product cold rolling are controlled to be 1.8-2.5; the pickling solution is hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid aqueous solution, wherein the volume fraction of hydrofluoric acid is 5-9%, the volume fraction of nitric acid is 9-15%, and the balance is water; the degreasing solution is hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid aqueous solution, wherein the volume fraction of the hydrofluoric acid is 0.5-1.5%, the volume fraction of the nitric acid is 10-15%, and the balance is water; the heat treatment temperature of the intermediate product is 880-900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 min for every millimeter of pipe wall thickness.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the hardness of the contact area of the N06600 nickel base tube on the die clamping mechanism is at least 56HRC, and the roughness Ra is 0.3-0.6 μm.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the bending radius R is 2-4 times of the outer diameter of the N06600 nickel-based tube.
The method has simple steps and convenient operation, and can efficiently bend the bent pipe of the U-shaped nickel base pipe with small bending radius, good quality and high yield. The first row and the last row of process test tubes are arranged to ensure the uniformity of the mechanical properties of the first and last row nickel-based tube products: the head process test tube can ensure the performance of the first row of the formal product, because each continuous row after normal heat treatment is stable, and the front of the first row is empty, the heating temperature of the first row of tubes is overhigh (the tubes can take away a part of temperature in the furnace, if each continuous row enters the furnace, the temperature is the same, only the first row and the last row are different, and the same temperature is taken away by no tube before and after the first row); the tail process test tube can ensure the performance of the last row of the formal product, because each continuous row after normal heat treatment is stable, and the front of the last row is empty, the heating temperature of the last row of the tubes is overhigh. The heat treatment of the finished product adopts a low-temperature long-time mode to obtain uniform and fine crystal grains, and the structure performance of high tensile strength, low yield strength and high elongation percentage, high plasticity and low and stable yield ratio create good conditions for subsequent bending. Through the accurate control of the low pipe bending speed, the metal can be extended for a sufficient time, so that the problems of overlarge pipe wall thinning amount at the outer side of the arc, bending crack at the outer side of the arc and the like are effectively solved; the compensation method is utilized for overbending, so that the springback of the U-shaped pipe is compensated, and the space size between the pipe legs is effectively controlled; the smooth and high-hardness pipe bending die is adopted to compact the pipe pressing part, so that the biggest problem of the small-bending-radius U-shaped pipe, namely the wrinkling of the inner side of the arc is solved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
The N06600 nickel-based straight pipe with the specification of phi 19 multiplied by 2mm is manufactured and bent, and the bending radius is 76 mm.
The specific pipe bending method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a N06600 nickel-based tube blank is subjected to hot perforation, acid pickling, intermediate cold rolling, deoiling, heat treatment, finished product cold rolling and deoiling in sequence to obtain an N06600 nickel-based tube; wherein the heating temperature of the hot piercing pipe blank is 1080 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 100 min; the elongation coefficients of the intermediate cold rolling and the finished product cold rolling are controlled to be 1.8-2.5; the pickling solution is hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid aqueous solution, wherein the volume fraction of the hydrofluoric acid is 6%, the volume fraction of the nitric acid is 12%, and the balance is water; the degreasing solution is hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid aqueous solution, wherein the volume fraction of the hydrofluoric acid is 1%, the volume fraction of the nitric acid is 12%, and the balance is water; the heat treatment temperature of the intermediate product is 890 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2min for the wall thickness of each millimeter of the pipe; the deformation process is that the phi 50mm pipe blank is hot punched to phi 51 multiplied by 4.5mm → rolled to phi 38 multiplied by 3.8mm → rolled to phi 27 multiplied by 2.7mm → rolled to phi 18.97-19.04 multiplied by 2.01-2.07 mm;
secondly, annealing heat treatment is carried out on the N06600 nickel base tubes by adopting a hydrogen-protected continuous roller hearth furnace, when the tubes are arranged, the N06600 nickel base tubes are placed in a single row, 5 rows are provided, 20N 06600 nickel base tubes are arranged in each row, a row of process test tubes with the same brand, the same specification and the length exceeding 10m are placed in front of a head row and behind a tail row of the N06600 nickel base tubes to be annealed, and the distance between the rear ends of the front row and the front ends of the rear row of the adjacent two rows of tubes is controlled to be 10-20 cm; during annealing heat treatment, the heat treatment temperature is controlled to be 890 ℃, and the heat treatment heat preservation time is controlled to be: the heat preservation time is controlled to be 12min corresponding to the wall thickness of each millimeter of pipe, the total heat treatment heat preservation time is controlled to be 12min due to the fact that the wall thickness is 2mm, water spacer sleeve cooling is conducted after heat treatment heat preservation, the N06600 nickel-based pipe is cooled to 400-500 ℃ within 3min, and then the N06600 nickel-based pipe is air-cooled to 15-25 ℃;
respectively sampling three branch pipes in the middle and two sides of each row of the 5 rows of N06600 nickel base pipes to perform room temperature tensile test, and sampling the heads, the middle and the tails of the three branch pipes to perform room temperature tensile test, wherein the minimum value of the tensile strength is 668 MPa, the maximum value is 682 MPa, and the average value is 672 MPa; the minimum value of the yield strength is 258 MPa, the maximum value is 279MPa, and the average value is 270 MPa;
step four, cutting the N06600 nickel-based tube into 9000mm fixed-length to-be-bent tubes, and marking the distances of the to-be-bent N06600 nickel-based tubes to the tube head 4500mm by using a marking pen B; calculating the length of the elbow to be 238.8mm according to the bending radius of 76mm of the required bent pipe, marking a starting bending point A and a final bending point C, wherein the distance between the starting bending point and the final bending point is 119.4mm from the central point of the nickel-based pipe in the length direction of N06600;
fifthly, clamping the marked N06600 nickel-based tube in a pressing mechanism and a die clamping mechanism of the tube bending machine, and enabling the position of a bending starting point to be located between the pressing mechanism and the die clamping mechanism; adjusting the tightness degree of the pressing mechanism, enabling the pressing mechanism to press the pipe as much as possible on the premise of not flattening the pipe, placing the bending starting point A marked in the step four between the pressing mechanism and the die clamping mechanism, and enabling the hardness of a contact area of the die clamping mechanism and the N06600 nickel base pipe to be 58HRC and the roughness Ra to be 0.4 mu m;
starting the pipe bending machine to bend the pipe, driving a die clamping mechanism fixed on the pipe bending die to slowly rotate by the bending die to bend the pipe, wherein the rotating end of the N06600 nickel base pipe needs to be supported during bending, the rotating angular speed of the bending die is controlled at 3 degrees/second, and the rotating angle of the bending die is controlled at 182 degrees;
and seventhly, checking that the distance between the pipe legs is 75.98-76.12 mm, detecting that the thickness of the outer side wall of the arc is 1.77mm at the thinnest part by using an ultrasonic thickness gauge, and warehousing the product, wherein the surface is smooth and has no defects of wrinkling, cracking and the like.
From the embodiment 1, the surface quality of the pipe is good after the pipe is bent, the pipe leg spacing, the thickness reduction amount of the outer side wall of the arc and the like meet the related requirements of GB/T150, GB/T151 and GB/T16507, and the operability is strong; the rebound problem is accurately controlled, and the stability of the distance between the pipe legs is good.
Example 2
The N06600 nickel-based straight pipe with the specification of phi 16 multiplied by 1mm is manufactured and bent, and the bending radius is 32 mm.
The specific pipe bending method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a N06600 nickel-based tube blank is subjected to hot perforation, acid pickling, intermediate cold rolling, deoiling, heat treatment, finished product cold rolling and deoiling in sequence to obtain an N06600 nickel-based tube; wherein the heating temperature of the hot piercing pipe blank is 1090 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 110 min; the elongation coefficients of the intermediate cold rolling and the finished product cold rolling are controlled to be 1.8-2.5; the pickling solution is hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid aqueous solution, wherein the volume fraction of the hydrofluoric acid is 6%, the volume fraction of the nitric acid is 12%, and the balance is water; the degreasing solution is hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid aqueous solution, wherein the volume fraction of the hydrofluoric acid is 1%, the volume fraction of the nitric acid is 12%, and the balance is water; the heat treatment temperature of the intermediate product is 890 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2min for the wall thickness of each millimeter of the pipe; the deformation process is that the tube blank with phi 50mm is hot punched to phi 51 multiplied by 4.5mm → rolled to phi 33 multiplied by 3.5mm → rolled to phi 22 multiplied by 2mm → rolled to phi 16.02-16.09 multiplied by 1.02-1.06 mm;
secondly, annealing heat treatment is carried out on the N06600 nickel base tubes by adopting a hydrogen-protected continuous roller hearth furnace, when the tubes are arranged, the N06600 nickel base tubes are placed in a single row, 5 rows are provided, 20N 06600 nickel base tubes are arranged in each row, a row of process test tubes with the same brand, the same specification and the length exceeding 10m are placed in front of a head row and behind a tail row of the N06600 nickel base tubes to be annealed, and the distance between the rear ends of the front row and the front ends of the rear row of the adjacent two rows of tubes is controlled to be 10-20 cm; during annealing heat treatment, the heat treatment temperature is controlled to be 890 ℃, and the heat treatment heat preservation time is controlled to be: the heat preservation time is controlled to be 4min corresponding to the wall thickness of each millimeter of pipe, the total heat treatment heat preservation time is controlled to be 4min due to the fact that the wall thickness is 1mm, water spacer sleeve cooling is conducted after heat treatment heat preservation, the N06600 nickel-based pipe is cooled to 400-500 ℃ within 2min, and then air cooling is conducted on the N06600 nickel-based pipe to 15-25 ℃;
respectively sampling three branch pipes in the middle and two sides of each row of the 5 rows of N06600 nickel base pipes to perform room temperature tensile test, and sampling the heads, the middles and the tails of the three branch pipes to perform room temperature tensile test, wherein the minimum value of the tensile strength is 675 MPa, the maximum value is 688 MPa, and the average value is 679 MPa; the minimum value of the yield strength is 254 MPa, the maximum value is 276MPa, and the average value is 263 MPa;
step four, cutting the pipe into 9000mm fixed length to be bent, and marking the nickel-based pipe to be bent at a distance of 4500mm from the pipe head by using a marking pen B; calculating the length of the elbow to be 100.6mm according to the bending radius of the required bent pipe to be 32mm, marking a starting bending point A and a final bending point C, wherein the distance between the starting bending point and the final bending point and the central point of the nickel-based pipe in the length direction is 50.3 mm;
fifthly, clamping the marked N06600 nickel-based tube in a pressing mechanism and a die clamping mechanism of the tube bending machine, and enabling the position of a bending starting point to be located between the pressing mechanism and the die clamping mechanism; adjusting the tightness degree of the pressing mechanism, enabling the pressing mechanism to press the pipe as much as possible on the premise of not flattening the pipe, placing the bending starting point A marked in the step four between the pressing mechanism and the die clamping mechanism, and enabling the hardness of a contact area on the die clamping mechanism and the N06600 nickel base pipe to be 59HRC and the roughness Ra to be 0.5 mu m;
starting the pipe bending machine to bend the pipe, driving a die clamping mechanism fixed on the pipe bending machine to slowly rotate by a bending die to bend the pipe, wherein the rotating end of the N06600 nickel base pipe needs to be supported during bending, the rotating angular speed of the bending die is controlled at 2 degrees/second, and the rotating angle of the bending die is controlled at 181 degrees;
and seventhly, checking that the distance between the pipe legs is 31.98-32.06 mm, detecting that the thickness of the outer side wall of the arc is 0.86mm at the thinnest part by using an ultrasonic thickness gauge, and warehousing the product, wherein the surface is smooth and has no defects of wrinkling, cracking and the like.
From the embodiment 2, the surface quality of the pipe is good after the pipe is bent, the pipe leg spacing, the thickness reduction amount of the outer side wall of the arc and the like meet the related requirements of GB/T150, GB/T151 and GB/T16507, and the operability is strong; the rebound problem is accurately controlled, and the stability of the distance between the pipe legs is good.
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the principles of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A pipe bending method of a U-shaped nickel base pipe with a small bending radius is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a N06600 nickel-based tube blank is subjected to hot perforation, acid pickling, intermediate cold rolling, deoiling, heat treatment, finished product cold rolling and deoiling in sequence to obtain an N06600 nickel-based tube;
secondly, annealing heat treatment is carried out on the N06600 nickel base tubes by adopting a hydrogen-protected continuous roller hearth furnace, when the tubes are arranged, the N06600 nickel base tubes are placed in a single row, the number of each row of N06600 nickel base tubes is the same, a row of process test tubes with the same brand, the same specification and the length of more than 10m are placed in front of a head row and behind a tail row of the N06600 nickel base tubes to be annealed, and the distance between the rear ends of the front row and the front ends of the rear row of the adjacent two rows of tubes is controlled to be 10-20 cm; during annealing heat treatment, the heat treatment temperature is controlled to be 880-900 ℃, and the heat treatment heat preservation time is controlled to be: the heat preservation is carried out for 4-6 min corresponding to the thickness of each millimeter of pipe wall, water jacket cooling is carried out after heat treatment and heat preservation, the N06600 nickel-based pipe is cooled to 400-500 ℃ for 2-4 min, and then the N06600 nickel-based pipe is air-cooled to 15-25 ℃;
respectively sampling three tubes in the middle and two sides of each row of N06600 nickel base tubes for room temperature tensile test, wherein the heads, the middle and the tails of the three tubes need to be sampled for room temperature tensile test, the tensile strength of the three tubes is 650-700 MPa, and the yield strength of the three tubes is 250-300 MPa;
marking the central point of the N06600 nickel-based tube qualified in the tensile test in the length direction by using a marker pen; calculating the length L of the elbow according to the bending radius R of the required bent pipe, and marking a starting bending point and a final bending point, wherein the distance between the starting bending point and the final bending point and the central point of the nickel-based pipe in the length direction is L/2;
fifthly, clamping the marked N06600 nickel-based tube in a pressing mechanism and a die clamping mechanism of the tube bending machine, and enabling the position of a bending starting point to be located between the pressing mechanism and the die clamping mechanism;
starting the pipe bending machine to bend the pipe, driving a die clamping mechanism fixed on the pipe bending die to slowly rotate by the bending die to bend the pipe, wherein the rotating end of the N06600 nickel base pipe needs to be supported during bending, the rotating angular speed of the bending die is controlled to be 2-4 degrees/second, and the rotating angle of the bending die is controlled to be 181-185 degrees;
and seventhly, inspecting and warehousing the qualified product.
2. The method of bending a small bend radius U-shaped nickel-based tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the heating temperature of the hot piercing pipe blank is 1050-1150 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 90-120 min; the elongation coefficients of the intermediate cold rolling and the finished product cold rolling are controlled to be 1.8-2.5; the pickling solution is hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid aqueous solution, wherein the volume fraction of hydrofluoric acid is 5-9%, the volume fraction of nitric acid is 9-15%, and the balance is water; the degreasing solution is hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid aqueous solution, wherein the volume fraction of the hydrofluoric acid is 0.5-1.5%, the volume fraction of the nitric acid is 10-15%, and the balance is water; the heat treatment temperature of the intermediate product is 880-900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 min for every millimeter of pipe wall thickness.
3. The method of bending a small bend radius U-shaped nickel-based tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the fifth step, the hardness of the contact area of the die clamping mechanism and the N06600 nickel base tube is at least 56HRC, and the roughness Ra is 0.3-0.6 μm.
4. The method of bending a small bend radius U-shaped nickel-based tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, the bending radius R is 2-4 times of the outer diameter of the N06600 nickel-based tube.
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