CN112495421A - 一种氮掺杂碳量子点修饰富氮石墨型氮化碳光催化剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种氮掺杂碳量子点修饰富氮石墨型氮化碳光催化剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种氮掺杂碳量子点修饰富氮石墨型氮化碳光催化剂的制备方法。使用简单的水浴加热、低温煅烧方法合成的C3N5,首先,将制备好的C3N5加入到无水乙醇溶液中搅拌均匀,再将NCDs加入以上溶液中,然后将悬浊液超声后再搅拌一段时间,最后将样品烘干方可得到产物。本申请催化剂的光催化产氢效率得到有效提高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料制备的技术领域,特别涉及一种氮掺杂碳量子点(NCDs)修饰C3N5光催化剂的制备方法。
背景技术
环境问题一直是人们极其关注的问题。近年来,世界面临着污染、气候变化、传染病等严重的环境挑战。气候变化引发的问题迫切要求我们寻找新的化石燃料替代品。在许多候选物中,氢气(H2)是具有很多优点,可以减少对化石燃料的依赖,包括无碳、自然资源丰富。而与汽油(40kJ·g-1)相比,H2(122kJ·g-1)能量密度高。其中光催化技术是一种很有前途的有效解决当前全球环境污染和能源危机的绿色技术,可以完全利用太阳能将水分解后产生氢气(H2)。
碳量子点(CQD)具有独特的光致发光特性,良好的光稳定性,成本廉价,无毒且易于合成。而氮掺杂可以为CQD带来独特的物理和化学特性。由于NCDs可以有效地引起电荷离域,降低功函数并增强CQD的光致发光发射性能,另外,还可以有效地提高CQD的电子转移能力。
在石墨烯半导体中,石墨氮化碳(g-C3N4)框架中含有大量的富电子位点和碱性氮,促进了烷基化、酯化、氧化等各种催化反应。所以g-C3N4具有环保性、可见光响应和高化学稳定性等独特性能。而在最新的研究中,C3N5框架包含通过偶氮键(-N=N-)桥接在一起的庚嗪部分。由于构成偶氮键的N原子上的p轨道与庚嗪基序的π系统重叠,偶氮键的存在扩展了π共轭网络,从而使电子带隙降低至1.76eV。C3N5在更长的波长下显示出改进的光敏特性,可用于太阳能分解水。
因此,我们期望将NCDs和C3N5复合在一起,形成一种具有高光催化活性的复合光催化剂,用来光催化产氢。
发明内容
本发明的目的是要提供一种氮掺杂碳量子点(NCDs)修饰C3N5光催化剂制备方法。通过低温溶液相技术制备NCDs修饰C3N5光催化剂,以有效将光生载流子加快分离和转移,从而使光催化产氢效率提高。
本发明的技术方案:
本发明的技术方案是通过简单的水浴加热、低温煅烧方法制备NCDs,并使用低温溶液相技术制备复合光催化剂。
一种氮掺杂碳量子点修饰富氮石墨型氮化碳光催化剂,使用简单的水浴加热、低温煅烧方法合成的C3N5,首先,将制备好的C3N5加入到无水乙醇溶液中搅拌均匀,再将NCDs加入以上溶液中,然后将悬浊液超声后再搅拌一段时间,最后将样品烘干即可得到产物。
一种氮掺杂碳量子点修饰富氮石墨型氮化碳光催化剂的制备方法,
C3N5的制备:首先将10g溴化钾固体与30mL蒸馏水混合均匀,然后向其中加入1.5g的3-氨基-1,2,4-三唑固体继续混合均匀,在80℃下进行水浴蒸干,并在60℃烘箱中进行真空干燥,最后放入坩埚中,在马弗炉中以10℃/min-1的速率,加热至500℃,保持3小时,冷却至室温后使用玛瑙研钵进行研磨,即可得到棕色C3N5粉末;
NCDs的制备:首先将17mL蒸馏水与560μL乙二胺混合均匀,然后将1.752g柠檬酸加入至乙二胺溶液中,搅拌均匀之后,放入50mL的不锈钢高压反应釜中,在250℃下保持5h,冷却至室温后,使用透析袋透析72h,最后转移至冰箱中进行保存;
NCDs/C3N5的制备:首先,将制备好的C3N5加入到无水乙醇溶液中搅拌均匀,再将NCDs加入以上溶液中,然后将悬浊液超声后再搅拌一段时间,最后将样品烘干得到NCDs/C3N5粉末。
所述NCDs/C3N5的制备步骤中NCDs用量分别是130μL或255μL或520μL,NCDs浓度为1mg/mL-1。
本发明的有益效果是:
从制备方法,前驱体以及产品都是绿色环保,非金属,不污染环境。本发明通过构筑NCDs/C3N5复合光催化材料,能够有效促进电子-空穴对的分离和转移。通过NCDs掺杂增大催化剂比表面积,其中,0.125%NCDs/C3N5比表面积为纯C3N5样品的3倍。本发明利用NCDs的敏化作用,有效拓宽催化剂的光响应范围,使0.125%NCDs/C3N5吸收边波长达700nm。从而使催化剂的光催化产氢效率得到有效提高。
附图说明
图1a为C3N5和C3N4样品的照片,图1b为C3N5样品的核磁谱图。
图2a为C3N5、不同比例的NCDs/C3N5的XRD图。
图2b为C3N5、0.125%NCDs/C3N5的氮气吸附脱附图。
图3为C3N5、不同比例的NCDs/C3N5的FT-IR图。
图4a、b为C3N5的SEM图。
图4c、d为0.125%NCDs/C3N5的SEM图。
图5a为C3N5、不同质量的NCDs/C3N5的4小时内产氢量图,图5b为C3N5、0.125%NCDs/C3N5的紫外可见漫反射光谱图。
图6为C3N5、0.125%NCDs/C3N5的PL图。
图7为C3N5、0.125%NCDs/C3N5的EIS图。
图8为C3N5、0.125%NCDs/C3N5的光电流图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(一)C3N5的制备
(1)将10g的溴化钾溶解于30mL的去离子水中;
(2)将1.5g 3-氨基-1,2,4-三唑加入到溴化钾溶液中搅拌均匀;
(3)在80℃下进行水浴蒸干,并在60℃烘箱中进行真空干燥;
(4)然后将干燥后的样品放入坩埚中,在马弗炉中以10℃/min-1的速率,加热至500℃,保持3小时;
(5)最后冷却至室温后使用玛瑙研钵进行研磨,即可得到棕色C3N5粉末。
(二)NCDs的制备
(1)首先将17mL蒸馏水与560μL乙二胺混合均匀;
(2)然后将1.752g柠檬酸加入至乙二胺溶液中搅拌均匀;
(3)之后放入50mL的高压反应釜中,在250℃下保持5h;
(4)不锈钢高压反应釜冷却至室温后,使用透析袋透析72h;
(5)最后转移至冰箱中进行保存。
(三)NCDs/C3N5的制备
(1)首先,将0.1g的C3N5加入到50mL无水乙醇溶液中搅拌均匀;
(2)再分别将130μL(0.06%)、255μL(0.125%)以及520μL(0.25%)
的NCDs(浓度为1mg/mL-1)加入以上溶液中;
(3)然后将悬浊液超声1h后再搅拌2h;
(4)最后将样品转移到80℃真空干燥箱中干燥,方可得到产物。
产物NCDs/C3N5的XRD、FT-IR和SEM谱图等分别如图2-6
附图详细说明
图1a为C3N5和C3N4样品的照片,从照片中可以看出C3N5样品颜色更深,证明其可见光吸收范围更宽。图1b为C3N5样品的核磁谱,78ppm处出现了一个非常宽的峰,这可能是由于插入氢,结构紊乱以及残留的末端醛或羧酸氢。
图2a为所制备样品C3N5和不同含量NCDs/C3N5复合物的XRD图。从XRD图中可以看出,NCDs/C3N5复合物的衍射峰基本符合C3N5的衍射峰。说明NCDs对C3N5的结构并没有影响。图2b中可以看出,C3N5和0.125%NCDs/C3N5表现出典型的IV等温线,表明均存在介孔结构。此外,0.125%NCDs/C3N5(55.99m2 g-1)比C3N5(16.2m2 g-1)具有更大的比表面积。
图3为所制备样品C3N5、不同比例的NCDs/C3N5的FT-IR图。图3显示,在不同比例的NCDs/C3N5的红外谱图中都可以找到C3N5的衍射峰,说明NCDs/C3N5光催化剂成功合成。
图4为所制备样品C3N5、0.125%NCDs/C3N5的SEM图。从图4a和b中可以看出C3N5样品的表面较为光滑,整体结构为块状。图4c和d中显示出0.125%NCDs/C3N5复合材料的表面粗糙,并产生了较多微孔,证明NCDs/C3N5二元异质结构光催化剂成功合成。
图5a为C3N5、不同比例的NCDs/C3N5的4小时内产氢量图。可以看出,随着可见光照射时间的延长,所有样品的H2产量都有所增加,尤其是0.125%NCDs/C3N5样品,其产氢量为35μmol,是C3N5(10μmol)的3.5倍。说明NCDs的掺杂提高了C3N5的光催化产氢性能。图5b为C3N5和0.125%NCDs/C3N5样品的紫外-可见光漫反射光谱图。观察到0.125%NCDs/C3N5在紫外光区有较强吸收,吸收边显示出红移,达到700nm,对应其带隙能为1.77eV。这表明了由于NCDs的成功掺杂拓宽了光谱响应范围,增强了复合催化剂的可见光吸收能力。
图6为所制备样品C3N5、0.125%NCDs/C3N5的PL图。从图6可以看出,与C3N5相比,0.125%NCDs/C3N5的PL峰强度有所降低。这是由于在可见光照射下,高效电子从C3N5向NCDs转移,促进了载流子的分离,有利于提高复合材料的光催化活性。
图7为所制备样品C3N5、0.125%NCDs/C3N5的EIS图。如图7所示,0.125%NCDs/C3N5的电弧半径小于C3N5的电弧半径。结果进一步表明,0.125%NCDs/C3N5发生更快的表面反应速率,并且表现出更有效的电荷转移。
图8为所制备样品C3N5、0.125%NCDs/C3N5的光电流响应图。从图8可以看出,0.125%NCDs/C3N5的光电流强度高于C3N5。结果表明,复合材料显著抑制了光生电子-空穴对的分离。
Claims (3)
1.一种氮掺杂碳量子点修饰富氮石墨型氮化碳光催化剂,其特征在于:使用简单的水浴加热、低温煅烧方法合成的C3N5,首先,将制备好的C3N5加入到无水乙醇溶液中搅拌均匀,再将NCDs加入以上溶液中,然后将悬浊液超声后再搅拌一段时间,最后将样品烘干方可得到产物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种氮掺杂碳量子点修饰富氮石墨型氮化碳光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:
C3N5的制备:首先将10g溴化钾固体与30mL蒸馏水混合均匀,然后向其中加入1.5g的3-氨基-1,2,4-三唑固体继续混合均匀,在80℃下进行水浴蒸干,并在60℃烘箱中进行真空干燥,最后放入坩埚中,在马弗炉中以10℃/min-1的速率,加热至500℃,保持3小时,冷却至室温后使用玛瑙研钵进行研磨,即可得到棕色C3N5粉末;
NCDs的制备:首先将17mL蒸馏水与560μL乙二胺混合均匀,然后将1.752g柠檬酸加入至乙二胺溶液中,搅拌均匀之后,放入50mL的不锈钢高压反应釜中,在250℃下保持5h,冷却至室温后,使用透析袋透析72h,最后转移至冰箱中进行保存;
NCDs/C3N5的制备:首先,将制备好的C3N5加入到无水乙醇溶液中搅拌均匀,再将NCDs加入以上溶液中,然后将悬浊液超声后再搅拌一段时间,最后将样品烘干得到NCDs/C3N5粉末。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种氮掺杂碳量子点修饰富氮石墨型氮化碳光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:NCDs/C3N5的制备步骤中NCDs用量分别是130μL或255μL或520μL,NCDs浓度为1mg/mL-1。
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