CN112485336B - Laser ultrasonic synthetic aperture imaging method based on differential technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a laser ultrasonic synthetic aperture imaging method based on a differential technology, which comprises the following steps: predefining laser scanning parameters and an imaging area; acquiring a defective and non-defective data set of a sample; obtaining reflected wave difference set data by adopting a difference technology; calculating the flight time of the ultrasonic reflected waves of all laser excitation positions, indexing to the corresponding amplitude of the difference set data, superposing, and traversing all pixel points in the whole imaging region to obtain the superposition result of the imaging region; and carrying out Hilbert change on the superposition result and removing the modulus to obtain a final imaging result. The method greatly inhibits the influence of other wave modes on the imaging area, improves the defect detection capability, simultaneously retains all defect reflected wave information, and can realize high signal-to-noise ratio imaging and accurate positioning of internal multi-defects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser and ultrasonic imaging, and relates to a laser ultrasonic synthetic aperture imaging method based on a difference technology.
Background
The laser scanning array is one of the commonly used methods for enhancing the laser ultrasonic detection capability, and can realize the focusing and deflection of ultrasonic beams in the material and enhance the sensitivity and precision of defect detection by array scanning of laser and proper excitation delay; due to the easy movement of the excitation and detection light sources, internal defects of the material can also be imaged by different imaging algorithms, such as Synthetic Aperture Focusing (SAFT) and full focusing (TFM).
The conventional SAFT technology needs to detect ultrasonic waves at the position of exciting laser, so that the influence of thermal expansion caused by the laser on the surface of a material cannot be avoided, and the data processing is difficult; moreover, the exciting light can generate ultrasonic waves of various modes in the material, and the ultrasonic waves of high-amplitude surface acoustic waves excited by the laser and other modes such as other mode conversion waves are simultaneously superposed in the imaging area, so that the background of the imaging area is uneven, and even the image of the defect is submerged, and the effective detection and accurate positioning of the defect are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention is directed to a laser ultrasound synthetic aperture imaging method based on a differential technique to suppress the influence of other mode waves on the defect imaging, and to achieve high snr imaging and precise positioning of internal defects.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a laser ultrasound synthetic aperture imaging method based on a differential technique, which includes:
step 1: predefining laser scanning parameters and imaging regions, including: laser parameters, scanning parameters, imaging area parameters, and the like;
step 2: acquiring defect-free and defect-free data sets on the defect-free sample and the defect-free sample respectively by adopting a laser scanning excitation and fixed point detection ultrasonic mode;
and step 3: carrying out normalization operation on the defective data set and the non-defective data set, and obtaining difference set data by adopting a difference technology;
and 4, step 4: for each pixel point in the imaging area, calculating the flight time of the ultrasonic reflected waves of all laser excitation positions, indexing to the corresponding amplitude of the difference set data and superposing to obtain the imaging amplitude of the pixel point, and traversing all the pixel points to obtain the superposition result of the imaging area;
and 5: and performing Hilbert transformation on the superposition result of the imaging area to obtain a final imaging result.
In the step 1, the laser scanning parameters and the imaging area are predefined, which specifically includes: the device comprises the laser spot size, a scanning interval, a scanning step length, an ultrasonic detection position, an imaging area range and imaging area resolution.
In the step 2, the defective and non-defective data sets are obtained on the defective and non-defective samples by laser scanning excitation and fixed point detection ultrasonic waves, and the obtained data sets comprise n reflected wave signals for the process of scanning the laser n times.
In the step 3, difference set data is obtained by adopting a difference technology, and the specific method is as follows: the defect data acquired at each laser shot on the defective sample is used to subtract the defect-free data acquired at the same shot detection location on the defect-free sample.
In the step 4, a specific calculation method of the flight time of the ultrasonic reflected wave is as follows:
wherein v is the ultrasonic velocity, and the ultrasonic detection point coordinate is (x)0，z0) The coordinate of the laser excitation point is (x)i，zi) And the coordinates of the pixel point are (x, z). The specific calculation method of the pixel point imaging amplitude comprises the following steps:
wherein d isiIs the time domain waveform of each reflected wave in the difference set data obtained in step 3.
In step 5, the final imaging result is the Hilbert change modulus of the imaging amplitude obtained in step 4, specifically:
wherein H {. cndot } represents Hilbert transformation, and | cndot | represents absolute value.
The invention relates to a laser ultrasonic synthetic aperture imaging method based on a differential technology, which fully considers the characteristics of laser ultrasonic multi-mode excitation, respectively collects ultrasonic data sets on defective samples and non-defective samples, and greatly retains defective reflected waves while remarkably filtering out other mode waves through the differential technology. The influence of surface acoustic waves with high amplitude and other mode conversion waves on an imaging area is effectively avoided, the identification capability of defect imaging is greatly improved, and high signal-to-noise ratio imaging and accurate positioning of internal multi-defects are realized.
The drawings illustrate the following:
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a laser ultrasound synthetic aperture imaging method based on a differential technique according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a comparison graph of the detection results of the conventional laser ultrasonic synthetic aperture imaging method and the laser ultrasonic synthetic aperture imaging method based on the differential technology.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that the following examples are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention aims at the problem that the conventional laser ultrasonic synthetic aperture technology is easily influenced by other wave modes, and the reflected wave data is processed by utilizing a difference technology to realize high-resolution imaging and accurate positioning of internal defects. The flow of the laser ultrasonic synthetic aperture imaging method based on the differential technology is shown in fig. 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: predefining laser scanning parameters and imaging regions, including: the radius of a laser light source is 0.2mm, the scanning step length is 0.1mm, the number of scanning points is 100, the coordinates of a scanning interval are (-6mm, -1mm) and (1mm, 6mm), the coordinates of a detection point are (0, 0), the imaging area is shown in figure 2, and the resolution of the imaging area is 0.01 mm;
step 2: based on the parameters defined in step 1, an Abaqus finite element software is adopted to respectively establish an aluminum plate model containing three round hole defects and no defects, and the position coordinates of the three defects are (-3.0mm, 6.0mm), (0, 7.7mm), (3.0mm and 6.7 mm). The defective and non-defective data set obtained by the temperature-displacement coupled analysis step analysis solution is in the form of a matrix array of 1 x 100.
And step 3: and (3) carrying out normalization operation on the defective data set and the non-defective data set obtained in the step (2), and obtaining difference set data by adopting a corresponding subtraction difference technology, wherein the obtained difference set data set is in a matrix array form of 1 multiplied by 100.
And 4, step 4: and (3) calculating the flight time of the ultrasonic reflected wave by adopting the formula (1) for each pixel point in the imaging region, and acquiring corresponding 100 flight times for the difference set data. And (3) calculating the pixel of the point by adopting a formula (2), wherein n is equal to 100, traversing all pixel points in the imaging area, and obtaining the superposition result of the imaging area.
And 5: the final imaging result, i.e., the modulus of the Hilbert variation of the superimposed result of the imaging regions obtained in step 4, is calculated using equation (3).
In order to verify the effectiveness of the method, the detection results of the conventional laser ultrasonic synthetic aperture imaging method and the laser ultrasonic synthetic aperture imaging method based on the difference technology are compared. In the imaging (in) of a defective model and the imaging (in) of a non-defective model obtained by the conventional laser ultrasonic synthetic aperture imaging method, because of the influence of high-amplitude surface acoustic waves, the upper part of an image presents a high-amplitude region which is not beneficial to the identification of defects, and within the range of 5-7mm in depth, a defect reflection echo generates three high-amplitude regions in the imaging (left) of the defective model obtained by the conventional laser ultrasonic synthetic aperture imaging method, and because the energy of the reflection wave is far lower than that of other mode waves, the image of the defect is submerged by a background with high amplitude. Compared with the two methods, the defect imaging (right) of the laser ultrasonic synthetic aperture imaging method of the differential technology provided by the invention can clearly see the three arranged defects, and the influence of other mode waves on an imaging area is greatly inhibited, so that a high-amplitude area formed by superposing surface acoustic waves above an image is obviously weakened, and the background amplitude of the image is low and average.
The normalized amplitudes in the X and Z directions in FIG. 2 are used to locate three defects, the defect coordinates are: (-2.8mm, 5.9mm), (0, 6.6mm), (2.8mm, 7.5mm), the difference from the set position of the defect in the model is small, and the position errors of the three defects are all less than 0.2 mm. The result shows that the SAFT imaging is carried out by adopting the differential data set, all information of the defect reflected wave can be kept under the condition of effectively inhibiting other mode waves, and all defects can be clearly reconstructed and imaged even if the distances of the three defects in the model are in millimeter level and the arrival time of the reflected wave is close to or even the same.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various changes may be made in the above embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that simple, equivalent changes and modifications (such as laser scanning and ultrasonic detection) in practical implementation can be made without departing from the spirit of the method of the present invention, and all that falls within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A laser ultrasonic synthetic aperture imaging method based on a differential technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: predefining laser scanning parameters and imaging regions, including: laser parameters, scanning parameters and imaging area parameters;
step 2: acquiring defect-free and defect-free data sets on the defect-free sample and the defect-free sample respectively by adopting a laser scanning excitation mode and a fixed point ultrasonic wave receiving mode;
and step 3: carrying out normalization operation on the defective data set and the non-defective data set, and obtaining difference set data by adopting a difference technology;
and 4, step 4: for each pixel point in the imaging area, calculating the flight time of the ultrasonic reflected waves of all laser excitation positions, indexing to the corresponding amplitude of the difference set data and superposing to obtain the imaging amplitude of the pixel point, and traversing all the pixel points to obtain the superposition result of the imaging area;
and 5: and performing Hilbert transformation on the superposition result of the imaging area to obtain a final imaging result.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 3, the difference set data is obtained by subtracting the defect-free data acquired at the same excitation-detection position on the defect-free sample from the defect-free data acquired at each specific laser excitation-ultrasonic detection position on the defect-free sample.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, the amplitude of each pixel point is obtained by indexing to the corresponding amplitude of the difference set data in step 3 according to the flight time of the ultrasonic reflection wave at all laser excitation-ultrasonic detection positions and superimposing the indexed amplitudes.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the final imaging result is the Hilbert change modulus of the superposition result of the imaging areas in the step 4.
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| CN111965257A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-20 | 西南交通大学 | Space weighting optimized rapid ultrasonic plane wave imaging detection method |
| CN113484421B (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2023-04-28 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Laser ultrasonic internal defect multimode imaging method and system based on synthetic aperture |
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