CN112472200A

CN112472200A - Bone cutter

Info

Publication number: CN112472200A
Application number: CN202011123643.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 毛兴佳; 刘欣; 向川
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-10-20
Filing date: 2020-10-20
Publication date: 2021-03-12
Anticipated expiration: 2040-10-20
Also published as: CN112472200B

Abstract

The invention discloses a bone cutter, which comprises a handle and a positioner, wherein the handle adopts a two-section telescopic structure, the positioner is used for positioning a bone-knitting area, the positioner is fixed at the head end of an upper telescopic rod of the handle, a finger sleeve used for accommodating a thumb is arranged on the side surface of the head end of a lower telescopic rod of the handle, the positioner is provided with a bone cutting groove used for cutting bones, so that a bone cutting saw extends into the bone cutting groove to cut bones, the osteotomy groove is formed by extending the outer side end surface of the positioner into the inner side end surface, the invention has reasonable structural design, and the product can select the positioner with proper size and inclination angle type for osteotomy according to the actual knee bending clearance condition and the condition of positioning the osteotomy part of a patient, it has the advantages of low cost, high positioning speed, good adjustability and convenient popularization and use, and simultaneously, by arranging an angle adjusting ring in the osteotomy groove, can meet the requirements of osteotomy of various operations by changing the distance between the two groups of limiting plates and forming an angle.

Description

Bone cutter

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of medical instruments, in particular to an osteotome.

Background

The tibial anatomic axis is a straight line passing through the medullary canal of the tibia, and the tibial mechanical axis is a connecting line connecting the center of the proximal tibia with the midpoints of the medial and lateral malleoli. Generally, the mechanical axis and the anatomical axis of the tibia can be considered to be relatively parallel, so that the tibial medullary cavity positioning rod used can be directly set to be consistent with the anatomical axis, and the corresponding osteotomy of the proximal end of the tibia can also be performed perpendicular to the tibial anatomical axis. However, if the patient has a large deformity at the end of the tibia, which results in a line of force not coinciding with the anatomical axis, the actual line of force of the tibia must be determined using the extramedullary positioning rod of the tibia, and the proximal osteotomy of the tibia should be perpendicular to the mechanical axis.

When the tibia side is osteotomy in the primary total knee joint replacement, the tibia marrow is mostly positioned outside the tibia currently, a long positioning rod is aligned to the tibia, an ankle spring clamp encircles the ankle joint, a headless nail is arranged in a nail hole on the ankle guide plate after the height of the osteotomy guide plate is adjusted, the osteotomy guide plate is fixed at the proximal end of the tibia, an electric saw blade is arranged in an osteotomy groove to complete the tibia osteotomy, and the steps of using the tool are complicated.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide the osteotome with reasonable structural design.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: an osteotome comprises

A handle: the handle adopts a two-section telescopic structure;

a positioner: the bone cutting machine is used for positioning a bone cutting area, the positioner is fixed at the head end of the upper telescopic rod of the handle, a finger sleeve used for accommodating a thumb is arranged on the side face of the head end of the lower telescopic rod of the handle, the positioner is provided with a bone cutting groove used for cutting a bone, so that the bone cutting saw extends into the bone cutting groove to cut the bone, and the bone cutting groove is formed by extending the end face of the outer side of the positioner into the end face of the inner side.

Further: the bone cutting groove is internally provided with an adjusting guide part, the adjusting guide part comprises a frame, four-bar hinged frames, an angle adjusting ring and a limiting plate, the two sides of the frame are respectively provided with a longitudinal sliding groove, the two ends of the four-bar hinged frames are arranged on the longitudinal sliding grooves in a sliding way through sliding shafts, the two ends of the two groups of limiting plates are respectively connected with the two groups of sliding shafts of the four-bar hinged frames on the corresponding side in a rotating way, the angle adjusting ring and the longitudinal sliding grooves are arranged on the frame in a sliding way in the same direction, the two end faces of the limiting plate are provided with a plurality of fastening bolt parts which are arranged on the annular groove of the angle adjusting ring in a sliding way, the annular groove and the sliding shafts are arranged in a concentric way, the frame is provided with a groove frame which is vertically arranged with the longitudinal sliding grooves, the groove frame is provided with a transverse sliding groove, the other group of the four, the frame is arranged in the osteotomy groove in a skimming manner and is fastened through fastening bolts;

the vertical sliding groove edge is provided with a first scale mark for calibrating the vertical distance between two groups of sliding shafts on the same side, and the ring groove edge is provided with a second scale mark for calibrating the inclination angle of the corresponding limiting plate.

Further: cut bone organ's upper and lower end still be provided with the calibrator, the calibrator arrange including fixed casing and a plurality of expansion strip interval in proper order to slide and set up in the cell body of fixed casing, be provided with in the fixed piece and press the briquetting, press the briquetting include briquetting, lower briquetting and spring part, press the briquetting setting in the appearance intracavity of fixed block, last briquetting be longitudinal connection through a plurality of spring parts with lower briquetting, locator screw-thread fit be provided with fastening bolt, fastening bolt stretches into and holds the chamber and contact with last briquetting, it is fixed with holding bottom terminal surface clamp by the briquetting to make the expansion strip continuously downwards.

Further: the spring piece is a V-shaped spring piece.

Further: the upper end surface, the lower end surface and the horizontal end surface of the osteotomy groove have an inclination angle of 5-10 degrees from outside to inside and downwards.

Further: the center of the limiting plate is provided with a hollow guide groove.

Further: the bottom of the locator is provided with an adjusting groove, and the end surface of the handle is arranged on the adjusting groove in a sliding mode and is fastened through a bolt piece.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects: structural design is reasonable, this product can be according to the condition in patient's actual knee bending clearance and the condition at location osteotomy position, choose for use the locator of suitable size and inclination model to carry out the osteotomy, it has with low costs, positioning speed is fast, the adjustable performance is good, convenient to popularize and use, simultaneously through setting up the angle adjustable ring at the osteotomy inslot, can realize the interval through changing two sets of limiting plates and be the angle and can satisfy the demand of the osteotomy of multiple operation, wherein through the calibrator, after the interrupt operation, still can find the osteotomy position that corresponds, high durability and convenient operation, this structure is confirmed at the radian simultaneously, because the spacing of both sides radian, make difficult emergence skew, make the osteotomy location accurate, difficult emergence dislocation, improve the osteotomy effect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of an osteotome according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an osteotome according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an adjustment guide in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a positioner in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a positioner in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an osteotomy in accordance with example 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an osteotomy in accordance with example 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view after osteotomy in example 2 of the present invention.

The reference numbers: the bone cutting device comprises a handle 1, a positioner 2, finger sleeves 3, a bone cutting groove 21, an adjusting guide 22, a frame 221, a four-bar hinged frame 222, an angle adjusting ring 223, a limiting plate 224, a longitudinal sliding groove 225, a sliding shaft 226, a ring groove 227, a groove frame 228, a transverse sliding groove 229, a first scale mark 231, a second scale mark 232, a calibrator 24, a fixed shell 241, a telescopic bar 242, a groove body 243, a pressing block 244, an upper pressing block 245, a lower pressing block 246, a spring piece 247, a fixed block 248, an adjusting groove 25 and a hollow guide groove 26.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-8, the present embodiment is an osteotome, comprising

A handle 1: the handle 1 adopts a two-section telescopic structure;

the positioner 2: the bone cutting saw is used for positioning a bone cutting region, the positioner 2 is fixed at the head end of an upper telescopic rod of the handle 1, a finger sleeve 3 used for containing a thumb is arranged on the side face of the head end of a lower telescopic rod of the handle 1, and the positioner 2 is provided with a bone cutting groove 21 used for cutting a bone, so that the bone cutting saw extends into the bone cutting groove 21 to cut the bone, and the bone cutting groove 21 is formed by extending the end face of the inner side of the outer side of the positioner 2.

The product is particularly an osteotome positioned outside femoral bone marrow for knee joint straight tube surgery, and has the advantages that the femoral bone marrow cavity does not need to be opened, the intramedullary hemorrhage can be effectively reduced, and the surgical blood loss and blood transfusion rate are reduced; theoretically, the formation of emboli of the circulatory system can be reduced, the incidence rate of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and cerebral embolism in and after the operation is reduced, the anterior cortex of the tibial osteotomy part is generally adopted for positioning, and the proximal tibial osteotomy operation in the total knee replacement operation is taken as an example in the embodiment:

the handle 1 is arranged along the tibia in a fitting mode, the thumb is arranged in the finger sleeve 3, other fingers encircle the tibia (the handle 1 is tightly attached to the upper section of the tibia ridge at the front side of the shank), the position of the osteotomy groove 21 of the positioner 2 is correspondingly arranged at the osteotomy position, the opposite end of the osteotomy groove 21 is obliquely arranged, a saw blade of an osteotomy saw (medical swing saw) is adopted to extend into the osteotomy groove 21 and cut the lower end face of the osteotomy groove 21 for intercepting, in the specific structure, the tibia joint face has a backward inclined angle, so that the cut face at the near end of the tibia is required to be inclined backwards by 5-10 degrees, an inclined angle of 5-10 degrees from outside to inside is formed at the horizontal end face of the osteotomy groove 21 relative to the horizontal end face, the stress is excessively concentrated at the front side of the rear wall face of cutting and mounting the prosthesis, and the prosthesis is prevented from being easily subjected to

This osteotomy ware that relates to in having implemented, adopt shin bone to cut position the place ahead cortex and fix a position, the thumb sets up in dactylotheca 3, other fingers encircle the shin bone position, need not to embed headless nail, the wound has effectively been reduced, reduce patient's misery, adjustability is good, this product can be according to the condition of patient's actual knee bending interval and the condition of location osteotomy position, choose locator 2 of suitable size and inclination model for use to cut the bone, it has with low costs, the positioning speed is fast, adjustability is good, and convenient to popularize and use.

Example 2:

referring to fig. 1-8, in some cases, for example, a bone portion needs to be cut, and there is a certain requirement for the size and angle of the cut bone portion, the problems of the conventional medical apparatus are mainly that precise positioning cannot be achieved, in practical operation, the operation technique and experience of the operating doctor play an important role, for example, proximal femur extension osteotomy or inferior femur tuberosity osteotomy needs to be performed in hip flexion-contracture surgery, the present structure is based on the technical features of embodiment 1, and a simple osteotome device for conveniently adjusting the position of the bone is designed, wherein an adjusting guide 22 is disposed in a specific osteotome slot 21, the adjusting guide 22 includes a frame 221, a four-bar hinge frame 222, an angle adjusting ring 223 and a limit plate 224, longitudinal sliding slots 225 are disposed on both sides of the frame 221, the two ends of the four-bar hinge frame 222 are slidably disposed on the longitudinal sliding grooves 225 through sliding shafts 226, two ends of the two groups of limit plates 224 are respectively connected with two groups of sliding shafts 226 of the four-bar hinged frame 222 on the corresponding side in a rotating way, the angle adjusting ring 223 and the longitudinal sliding groove 225 are arranged on the frame 221 in a sliding way in the same sliding direction, the two end faces of the limit plate 224 are provided with a plurality of fastening bolt pieces which are arranged on the annular groove 227 of the angle adjusting ring 223 in a sliding way, the ring groove 227 is concentrically arranged with the sliding shaft 226, the frame 221 is provided with a groove frame 228 which is perpendicular to the longitudinal sliding groove 225, the slot frame 228 is provided with a transverse sliding slot 229, the other pair of opposite ends of the four-bar hinged frame 222 are slidably arranged on the transverse sliding slot 229 and fastened by fastening bolts, the frame 221 is arranged in the osteotomy groove 21 and is fastened through a fastening bolt;

the edge of the longitudinal sliding groove 225 is provided with a first scale line 231 for calibrating the longitudinal distance between the two groups of sliding shafts 226 on the same side, and the edge of the annular groove 227 is provided with a second scale line 232 for calibrating the inclination angle of the corresponding limiting plate 224.

In this embodiment, a three-dimensional model of the femur of the patient is created by using a Mixed Reality (MR) technique, the segment portion to be cut and the cut angle are analyzed, the adjustment guide 22 is adjusted, the distance and distance between the two limit plates 224 are adjusted according to the surgical data, as shown in fig. 3, the intersection end of the relative inclined extension lines of the limit plates 224 should be located at the end of the cut portion of the femur, in this structure, the distance between the two sets of limit plates 224 is adjusted by the four-bar hinge bracket 222, the relative inclination angle of the two sets of limit plates 224 can be adjusted by rotating the limit plates 224 and adjusting the positions of the limit plates 224 and the angle adjusting ring 223, the two sets of limit plates 224 are fastened by using fastening bolts, and since the MR creates the three-dimensional model of the femur in advance, when the cut portion is simulated, the two sets of limit plates 224 contact with the cut portion of the femur, the inclination and the interval of two sets of limiting plates 224 have been adjusted according to analog data, then will adjust guide 22 and put into osteotomy groove 21 and fix, the thumb sets up in dactylotheca 3 this moment, the cortex position of wound near-end is embraced to other fingers, adopt osteotomy saw (medical treatment pendulum saw) the medial surface of laminating two sets of limiting plates 224 in proper order to cut the bone, make the bone position of taking out the shadow part, this structure can satisfy the demand of cutting the bone of multiple operation through the interval that changes two sets of limiting plates 224 and being the angle.

In the embodiment, because in the osteotomy process, due to lack of continuity or position deviation in the osteotomy operation, the position is found again and the positioning is inaccurate, the upper and lower ends of the osteotomy device are further provided with the calibrator 24, the calibrator 24 comprises a fixed shell 241 and a plurality of telescopic bars 242 which are sequentially arranged at intervals and are slidably arranged in a groove body 243 of the fixed shell 241, a pressing block 244 is arranged in a fixed block 248, the pressing block 244 comprises an upper pressing block 245, a lower pressing block 246 and a spring member 247, the pressing block 244 is arranged in a cavity of the fixed block 248, the upper pressing block 245 and the lower pressing block 246 are longitudinally connected through the spring member 247, the positioner 2 is provided with a fastening bolt in a threaded fit manner, the fastening bolt extends into the cavity to contact with the upper pressing block 245, and when the fastening bolt continuously downwards, the telescopic bars 242 are clamped and fixed with the end face of the accommodating bottom by the lower pressing block 246, the spring element 247 is a V-shaped spring piece, because the two side parts of the osteotomy have different cambered surfaces, the structure adopts a plurality of telescopic strips 242 arranged for positioning, when the plurality of telescopic strips 242 are pressed to the cambered surface at the near end of the osteotomy part, the telescopic strips 242 retract into the fixing shell 241 until the limiting plate 224 stops contacting with the end surface of the osteotomy part, the plurality of telescopic strips 242 form a radian matched with the cambered surface of the osteotomy progress due to different retraction distances, the fastening bolt extends into the containing cavity to contact with the upper pressing block 245, when the fastening bolt continuously downwards leads the telescopic strips 242 to be clamped and fixed by the lower pressing block 246 and the end surface of the containing bottom, therefore, after the interrupt operation, the corresponding osteotomy position can still be found, the operation is convenient, meanwhile, after the radian is determined, the structure is difficult to deviate due to the limitation of the two side radians, so that the osteotomy positioning is accurate, the dislocation is not easy to occur, and the bone cutting effect is improved.

Limiting plate 224 center be provided with hollow guide way 26 in this has been implemented, the saw blade of osteotomy saw can stretch into hollow guide way 26 and cut for the saw blade has the direction spacing, compares in the aforesaid that the laminating terminal surface has good stability more. 2 bottoms of locator be provided with adjustment tank 25, the terminal surface of handle 1 slide and set up on adjustment tank 25 and through bolt spare fastening, the accessible is transversely adjusted and is realized the longitudinal distance of handle 1 with locator 2 for adjustable handle 1 is with the cortex laminating back, adjustable locator 2 and the distance of cutting the bone position, further the contact position of limiting plate 224 and cutting the bone position.

The above description of the present invention is intended to be illustrative. Various modifications, additions and substitutions for the specific embodiments described may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.

Claims

1. An osteotome, comprising: comprises that

A handle: the handle adopts a two-section telescopic structure;

2. The osteotome defined in claim 1 wherein: the bone cutting groove is internally provided with an adjusting guide part, the adjusting guide part comprises a frame, four-rod hinged frames, an angle adjusting ring and limiting plates, longitudinal sliding grooves are arranged on two sides of the frame, two ends of the four-rod hinged frames are arranged on the longitudinal sliding grooves in a sliding mode through sliding shafts, two ends of the two groups of limiting plates are respectively connected with two groups of sliding shafts of the four-rod hinged frames on the corresponding side in a rotating mode, the angle adjusting ring and the longitudinal sliding grooves are arranged on the frame in a sliding mode in the same sliding direction, a plurality of fastening bolt parts are arranged on two end faces of the limiting plates and are arranged on annular grooves of the angle adjusting ring in a sliding mode, the annular grooves and the sliding shafts are arranged in a concentric mode, the frame is provided with groove frames which are perpendicular to the longitudinal sliding grooves, each groove frame is provided with a transverse sliding groove, the other group of the four-rod hinged frames is arranged on, the frame is arranged in the osteotomy groove in a skimming manner and is fastened through fastening bolts;

3. The osteotome defined in claim 1 wherein: cut bone organ's upper and lower end still be provided with the calibrator, the calibrator arrange including fixed casing and a plurality of telescopic bar interval in proper order to slide and set up in the cell body of fixed casing, be provided with in the fixed block and press the briquetting, press the briquetting include briquetting, lower briquetting and spring part, press the briquetting setting in the appearance intracavity of fixed block, last briquetting be longitudinal connection through a plurality of spring parts with lower briquetting, locator screw-thread fit be provided with fastening bolt, fastening bolt stretches into and holds the chamber and last briquetting contact, it establishes fixedly with holding bottom terminal surface clamp to make telescopic bar down as fastening bolt lasts downwards.

4. The osteotome defined in claim 3 wherein: the spring piece is a V-shaped spring piece.

5. The osteotome defined in claim 1 wherein: the upper end surface, the lower end surface and the horizontal end surface of the osteotomy groove have an inclination angle of 5-10 degrees from outside to inside and downwards.

6. The osteotome defined in claim 1 wherein: the center of the limiting plate is provided with a hollow guide groove.

7. The osteotome defined in claim 1 wherein: the bottom of the locator is provided with an adjusting groove, and the end surface of the handle is arranged on the adjusting groove in a sliding mode and is fastened through a bolt piece.