CN112474833B - Method for improving surface quality of steel by improving performance of iron scale - Google Patents
Method for improving surface quality of steel by improving performance of iron scale Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/023—Hydrogen absorption
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
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- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
- C22C32/0057—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on B4C
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- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
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- C23C24/06—Compressing powdered coating material, e.g. by milling
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the surface quality of steel by improving the performance of iron scale, which relates to the technical field of steel processing, and comprises the following specific processes: 1) Processing and preparing alloy powder A; 2) Processing and preparing alloy powder B; 3) Spraying alloy powder A on the surface of the steel ingot after cogging, putting the steel ingot into a heating furnace for heat treatment, cooling and discharging the steel ingot out of the furnace for rough rolling; 4) And (3) passing water through the steel ingot after rough rolling through a water tank to reduce the temperature before finish rolling, ensuring that the finish rolling temperature is controlled at 820-840 ℃, uniformly spraying the prepared alloy powder B on the surface of the steel ingot after rough rolling, and performing finish rolling and cooling treatment. According to the invention, the plastic difference of the three-layer iron scale structure is reduced, so that the three-layer iron scale can be subjected to plastic deformation together with the steel substrate without cracking, the phenomenon that the iron scale on the surface of the steel is easy to crack and fall off in the hot rolling process can be improved, and the remarkable improvement of the surface quality of the steel is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel processing, and particularly relates to a method for improving the surface quality of steel by improving the performance of an iron scale.
Background
The hot rolling temperature range of the steel material is 800-1250 ℃, because the production of the steel material can not be carried out under the full vacuum condition, and the production site is filled with oxidizing atmosphere, the growth rate of the iron scale on the surface of the steel material in the hot rolling temperature range is extremely high, so that the surface of the steel material, whether the steel material is a section, a bar or a plate, can be covered by the iron scale in the hot rolling forming process. Although the scale on the surface of the hot rolled steel is removed by high pressure water during rolling, new scale is easily formed on the surface of the steel since the temperature of the steel sheet is still high after descaling. Due to the performance difference between the iron scale and the matrix in the rolling process, the unreasonable rolling process can cause the iron scale to break and destroy the surface quality of the steel.
According to the hot rolling field production equipment and the production process, the growth process of the iron scale is divided into the following three stages. One is that the scale grown in the furnace is called primary scale, and the scale thickness at this stage is thickThe degree can reach several millimeters; secondly, the scale generated in the rough rolling stage is called secondary scale, and the thickness of the scale in the rough rolling stage can reach hundreds of microns; thirdly, the scale generated in the process of final rolling and cooling is called as third scale, and the thickness of the scale at this stage is below 100 micrometers. According to the current research results, the surface iron scale of the steel material is determined to be in a layered structure and mainly divided into three layers, namely FeO close to a matrix oxide layer and Fe in the middle layer 3 O 4 And the outermost oxide layer is Fe 2 O 3 . The occurrence of the layered structure is mainly caused by the interdiffusion of iron ions and oxygen ions at a high temperature state. It has been widely accepted by various researchers that the scale of hot-rolled carbon steel is determined by 90-94% FeO,5-8% Fe 3 O 4 And less than 2% of Fe 2 O 3 The diffusion speed ratio of iron ions in FeO can be found in Fe by comparing the contents of the three oxides 3 O 4 The diffusion speed of (1) is high, and the oxygen ions are in Fe 2 O 3 The diffusion speed in the layer is very slow, so that each layer structure of the iron oxide scale has different microscopic appearances and properties.
In the hot rolling process, the iron scale is between the steel billet and the roller, and the unreasonable rolling process can cause the iron scale to fall off from the surface of the steel plate or to be pressed into the steel plate matrix, so that defects such as pits, oxygen pressure and the like are generated, and the surface quality of steel products is damaged. Therefore, there is a research focus to be solved at present for improving the surface quality of the steel plate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the iron scale has poor capability of bearing deformation stress at room temperature and is easy to break during compression deformation so as to damage the surface quality of steel in the prior art, and provides a method for improving the surface quality of steel by improving the performance of the iron scale.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the surface quality of steel by improving the performance of iron scale comprises the following specific process steps:
1) According to the weight percentage of each component, 4 to 9 percent of niobium metal, 1 to 1.5 percent of cerium metal, 1 to 1.5 percent of magnesium metal, 1.5 to 2.3 percent of manganese metal, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of titanium metal and the balance of aluminum metal are smelted in a vacuum smelting furnace, cast into an ingot, the casting temperature is 1300 to 1450 ℃, the temperature is kept for 5 to 10min, the formed ingot is coarsely crushed to form alloy block materials smaller than 30mm, the alloy block materials are subjected to homogenizing annealing under the vacuum condition, and the vacuum degree is controlled to be 1 multiplied by 10 -1 Pa-1×10 -3 Pa, annealing temperature of 900-1000 deg.C, holding for 15-20h, placing the annealed alloy block in a tubular heat treatment furnace, vacuumizing to 5 × 10 -3 Pa-8×10 -3 Pa, introducing hydrogen with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 percent, keeping the hydrogen partial pressure at the hydrogen pressure of 2-4Mpa, heating to 400-600 ℃ at the heating rate of 10-15 ℃/min, preserving the heat at the temperature for 1-3h, and ball-milling the alloy block material subjected to hydrogen absorption treatment under the protection of argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 percent to crush the alloy block material to 5-10 mu m to obtain alloy powder A; according to the invention, titanium-aluminum alloy is used as a base material, a metal niobium element is introduced to form alloy powder, the prepared alloy powder is sprayed on the surface of a steel ingot after cogging and is placed in a heating furnace for treatment, a primary oxide scale is formed on the surface of the steel ingot in the heat treatment process, the introduced alloy powder can permeate into the oxide scale, and the metal niobium contained in the alloy powder can improve the P-N force of common dislocation of the oxide scale and CRSS started by the common dislocation, so that the motion resistance of the common dislocation is increased, the oxide scale is not easy to deform, and the plasticity of the primary oxide scale is reduced; the rare earth element cerium contained in the alloy powder has excellent hydrogen absorption performance, and through hydrogen absorption treatment, the alloy generates a plurality of micro cracks due to internal stress generated by crystal lattices after the alloy absorbs hydrogen, so that the alloy is easy to break;
2) Weighing titanium powder with the particle size of 20-25 microns and boron carbide powder with the particle size of 1-3 microns according to the molar ratio of 3-4:1, putting the titanium powder and the boron carbide powder into a ball-milling mixer together with Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy powder, controlling the ball-milling rotation speed to be 50-80r/min and the ball-milling time to be 15-20h, controlling the alloy powder to account for 70-80% of the total mass of the uniformly mixed powder, cold-pressing the uniformly mixed powder into a blank, wrapping the blank with thin graphite paper, putting the blank into a graphite mold, putting the graphite mold into a furnace chamber of a vacuum combustion synthesis reaction device, reducing the vacuum degree of the furnace chamber to 50-100Pa, heating to 500-550 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10-15min, continuing heating to 860-900 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10-15min, stopping heating, carrying out uniform extrusion treatment on the obtained composite material, wherein the temperature of the uniform treatment is 480-530 ℃, the treatment time is 10-12h, the preheating temperature of the extrusion treatment is 560-600 ℃, the extrusion pressure is 150-200T, and then crushing is carried out ball-milling to obtain alloy powder with the particle size of 5-10 μm; according to the invention, titanium powder and boron carbide powder are introduced into an Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy matrix, the alloy powder with an internal micro-nano scale is prepared through combustion synthesis and hot extrusion treatment, the formed alloy powder is sprayed on the surface of a steel ingot after rough rolling, and in the finish rolling process, the titanium carbide and titanium boride with micro-nano scale generated in situ in the alloy powder plays a pinning role on the crystal boundary of the tertiary scale, so that slippage and climbing of position measures are hindered, and the plasticity of the tertiary scale is promoted;
3) Uniformly spraying alloy powder A on the surface of the 38CrMoAl steel ingot after cogging, wherein the spraying amount is controlled to be 80-120g/m 2 Then placing the steel ingot into a heating furnace, preserving heat for 4-5h at 1200-1250 ℃, cooling the steel ingot to 1040-1060 ℃, discharging the steel ingot, controlling the cooling rate at 100-120 ℃/h, then sending the steel ingot into a roughing mill for 3-6 times of rolling, and controlling the total deformation at 40-60%;
4) The rough rolled steel ingot is put through a water tank to reduce the temperature before finish rolling, the finish rolling temperature is ensured to be controlled at 820-840 ℃, the prepared alloy powder B is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the rough rolled steel ingot, and the spraying amount is controlled at 5-10g/m 2 And performing heat preservation treatment for 1-2h, then performing 4-8 passes of rolling, controlling the total deformation to be 40-70%, controlling the initial cooling temperature of the steel to be 700-750 ℃ by adopting a water tank after the final rolling, and then naturally cooling in a cooling bed.
Further, the grain diameter of the Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy powder is 10-15 μm, and the Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy powder comprises, by weight, cu4.5-6.0%, mg0.2-0.8%, si0.3-0.5%, fe0.03-0.07%, ti0.1-0.15%, mn0.4-1.2%, cr0.1-0.13%, zn0.2-0.25%, and the balance of Al.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
aiming at the technical defect that the steel surface quality is reduced due to the fact that the iron scales are easy to damage in the rolling process because the structures of all layers of the iron scales on the surface of the steel are different in plasticity in the prior art, the invention introduces the alloy powder A on the surface of the steel after cogging and introduces the alloy powder B on the surface of the steel after rough rolling, the introduced alloy powder A can reduce the plasticity of the primary iron scales formed in the heating process of the steel, the introduced alloy powder B can improve the plasticity of the tertiary iron scales formed in the final rolling and cooling process of the steel, and the plasticity of the primary iron scales and the plasticity of the tertiary iron scales are reduced, so that the plasticity difference of the three-layer iron scale structure is reduced, the three-layer iron scales can be subjected to plastic deformation together with a steel substrate without cracking, the phenomenon of the steel surface iron scales on the hot rolling process can be improved, the continuity of the iron scale layers is improved, and the remarkable improvement of the steel surface quality is facilitated.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
A method for improving the surface quality of steel by improving the performance of iron scale comprises the following specific process steps:
1) According to the weight percentage of each component, 4 percent of niobium metal, 1 percent of cerium metal, 1 percent of magnesium metal, 1.5 percent of manganese metal, 0.05 percent of titanium metal and the balance of aluminum metal are smelted in a vacuum smelting furnace and cast into cast ingots, the casting temperature is 1300 ℃, the temperature is kept for 5min, the formed cast ingots are coarsely crushed to form alloy lump materials with the thickness less than 30mm, the alloy lump materials are subjected to homogenization annealing under the vacuum condition, and the vacuum degree is controlled to be 1 multiplied by 10 -1 Pa, annealing temperature of 900 ℃, heat preservation time of 15h, placing the annealed alloy block material in a tubular heat treatment furnaceVacuum-pumping to 5 × 10 -3 Pa, introducing hydrogen with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 percent, keeping the hydrogen partial pressure at the hydrogen pressure of 2Mpa, heating to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 1h at the temperature, and ball-milling the alloy block material subjected to hydrogen absorption treatment under the protection of argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 percent to be crushed to 5 microns to obtain alloy powder A;
2) Weighing titanium powder with the particle size of 20 microns and boron carbide powder with the particle size of 1 micron according to the molar ratio of 3:1, putting the titanium powder and the boron carbide powder together with Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy powder accounting for 100g into a ball milling mixer, controlling the ball milling rotation speed to be 50r/min, the ball milling time to be 15h, controlling the alloy powder to account for 70% of the total mass of the uniformly mixed powder, cold-pressing the uniformly mixed powder into a blank, wherein the blank has the diameter of 45mm and the height of 35mm, wrapping the blank with thin graphite paper, putting the blank into a graphite mold, putting the graphite mold into a furnace chamber of a vacuum combustion synthesis reaction device, reducing the vacuum degree of the furnace chamber to 50Pa, heating to 500 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10min, continuing heating to 860 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10min, stopping heating, carrying out homogenization extrusion treatment on the obtained composite material, wherein the homogenization treatment temperature is 480 ℃, the treatment time is 10h, the preheating temperature of the extrusion treatment is 560 ℃, the preheating time is 1.5h, the extrusion pressure is 150T, and carrying out ball milling and crushing to obtain alloy powder B with the particle size of 5 microns;
3) Uniformly spraying alloy powder A on the surface of the 38CrMoAl steel ingot after cogging, wherein the spraying amount is controlled to be 80g/m 2 Then placing the ingot into a heating furnace, preserving heat for 4 hours at 1200 ℃, cooling the ingot to 1040 ℃, discharging the ingot, controlling the cooling rate at 100 ℃/h, then sending the ingot into a roughing mill for 3 passes of rolling, and controlling the total deformation at 40%;
4) The temperature of the steel ingot after rough rolling is reduced by passing water through a water tank, the temperature before final rolling is ensured to be controlled at 820 ℃, the prepared alloy powder B is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the steel ingot after rough rolling, and the spraying amount is controlled at 5g/m 2 And performing heat preservation treatment for 1h, then performing rolling for 4 times, controlling the total deformation to be 40%, controlling the initial cooling temperature of the steel to be 700 ℃ by adopting a water tank after the final rolling, and then naturally cooling the steel in a cooling bed.
Further, the grain diameter of the Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy powder is 10 μm, and the Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy powder comprises, by weight, 4.5-6.0% of Cu4, 0.2-0.8% of Mg0, 0.3-0.5% of Si0, 0.03-0.07% of Fe0, 0.1-0.15% of Ti0, 0.4-1.2% of Mn0, 0.1-0.13% of Cr0, 0.2-0.25% of Zn0, and the balance of Al.
Example 2
A method for improving the surface quality of steel by improving the performance of iron scale comprises the following specific process steps:
1) According to the weight percentage of each component, 5 percent of niobium metal, 1.3 percent of cerium metal, 1.2 percent of magnesium metal, 2.0 percent of manganese metal, 0.1 percent of titanium metal and the balance of aluminum are smelted in a vacuum smelting furnace, cast into cast ingots, the casting temperature is 1400 ℃, the temperature is kept for 8min, the formed cast ingots are coarsely crushed to form alloy block materials with the diameter less than 30mm, the alloy block materials are subjected to homogenization annealing under the vacuum condition, the vacuum degree is controlled to be 11 multiplied by 10, and the balance is aluminum metal -2 Pa, the annealing temperature is 950 ℃, the heat preservation time is 17 hours, the annealed alloy block is placed in a tubular heat treatment furnace, and the vacuum pumping is carried out until the temperature reaches 7 multiplied by 10 -3 Pa, introducing hydrogen with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 percent, keeping the hydrogen partial pressure at the hydrogen pressure of 3Mpa, heating to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 12 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 2 hours at the temperature, and ball-milling the alloy block material subjected to hydrogen absorption treatment under the protection of argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 percent to be crushed to 7 microns to obtain alloy powder A;
2) Weighing titanium powder with the particle size of 20 microns and boron carbide powder with the particle size of 2 microns according to the molar ratio of 3:1, putting the titanium powder and the boron carbide powder together with Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy powder accounting for 100g into a ball milling mixer, controlling the ball milling rotation speed to be 70r/min, the ball milling time to be 18h, controlling the alloy powder to account for 75% of the total mass of the uniformly mixed powder, cold-pressing the uniformly mixed powder into a blank, wherein the blank has the diameter of 45mm and the height of 35mm, wrapping the blank with thin graphite paper, putting the blank into a graphite mold, putting the graphite mold into a furnace chamber of a vacuum combustion synthesis reaction device, reducing the vacuum degree of the furnace chamber to 80Pa, heating to 530 ℃, keeping the temperature for 12min, continuously heating to 880 ℃, keeping the temperature for 12min, stopping heating, carrying out homogenization extrusion treatment on the obtained composite material, wherein the homogenization treatment temperature is 500 ℃, the treatment time is 11h, the preheating temperature of the extrusion treatment is 580 ℃, the preheating time is 2h, the extrusion pressure is 180T, and carrying out ball milling crushing to obtain alloy powder B with the particle size of 5 microns;
3) Uniformly spraying alloy powder A onSpraying amount of the 38CrMoAl steel ingot surface after cogging is controlled to be 100g/m 2 Then placing the steel ingot into a heating furnace, preserving heat for 4.5 hours at 1220 ℃, cooling the steel ingot to 1050 ℃, discharging the steel ingot, controlling the cooling rate at 110 ℃/h, then sending the steel ingot into a roughing mill for 5 passes of rolling, and controlling the total deformation at 50%;
4) The rough rolled steel ingot is put through a water tank to reduce the temperature before finish rolling, the finish rolling temperature is ensured to be controlled at 830 ℃, the prepared alloy powder B is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the rough rolled steel ingot, and the spraying amount is controlled at 8g/m 2 And performing heat preservation treatment for 1.5h, then performing rolling for 6 times, controlling the total deformation to be 55%, controlling the initial cooling temperature of the steel to be 730 ℃ by adopting a water tank after the final rolling, and then naturally cooling the steel in a cooling bed.
Further, the grain diameter of the Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy powder is 15 μm, and the Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy powder comprises, by weight, 4.5-6.0% of Cu4, 0.2-0.8% of Mg0, 0.3-0.5% of Si0, 0.03-0.07% of Fe0, 0.1-0.15% of Ti0, 0.4-1.2% of Mn0, 0.1-0.13% of Cr0, 0.2-0.25% of Zn0, and the balance of Al.
Example 3
A method for improving the surface quality of steel by improving the performance of iron scale comprises the following specific process steps:
1) According to the weight percentage of each component, 9 percent of niobium metal, 1.5 percent of cerium metal, 1.5 percent of magnesium metal, 2.3 percent of manganese metal, 0.15 percent of titanium metal and the balance of aluminum are smelted in a vacuum smelting furnace, cast into an ingot, the casting temperature is 1450 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 10min, the formed ingot is coarsely crushed to form alloy block materials smaller than 30mm, the alloy block materials are subjected to homogenizing annealing under the vacuum condition, and the vacuum degree is controlled to be 1 multiplied by 10 -3 Pa, annealing temperature is 1000 ℃, heat preservation time is 20h, the annealed alloy block material is placed in a tubular heat treatment furnace, and vacuum pumping is carried out until the temperature is 8 multiplied by 10 -3 Pa, introducing hydrogen with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 percent, keeping the hydrogen partial pressure at 4Mpa, heating to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of 15 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 3h at the temperature, and ball-milling the alloy block material subjected to hydrogen absorption treatment under the protection of argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 percent to 10 mu m to obtain alloy powder A;
2) Weighing titanium powder with the particle size of 25 microns and boron carbide powder with the particle size of 3 microns according to the molar ratio of 4:1, putting the titanium powder and the boron carbide powder together with Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy powder accounting for 100g into a ball milling mixer, controlling the ball milling rotation speed of 80r/min, the ball milling time of 20h, controlling the alloy powder to account for 80% of the total mass of the uniformly mixed powder, carrying out cold pressing on the uniformly mixed powder into a blank, wherein the blank has the diameter of 45mm and the height of 35mm, wrapping the blank by thin graphite paper, putting the blank into a graphite mold, putting the graphite mold into a furnace chamber of a vacuum combustion synthesis reaction device, reducing the vacuum degree of the furnace chamber to 100Pa, heating to 550 ℃, keeping the temperature for 15min, continuing heating to 900 ℃, keeping the temperature for 15min, stopping heating, carrying out homogenization extrusion treatment on the obtained composite material, wherein the homogenization treatment temperature is 530 ℃, the treatment time is 12h, the preheating temperature of 600 ℃ and the preheating time is 2h, the extrusion pressure is 200T, and carrying out ball milling crushing to obtain alloy powder B with the particle size of 10 microns;
3) Uniformly spraying alloy powder A on the surface of the cogging 38CrMoAl steel ingot, wherein the spraying amount is controlled to be 120g/m 2 Then placing the ingot into a heating furnace, preserving heat for 5h at 1250 ℃, cooling the ingot to 1060 ℃, discharging the ingot, controlling the cooling rate at 120 ℃/h, then sending the ingot into a roughing mill for 3-6 times of rolling, and controlling the total deformation at 60%;
4) The temperature of the steel ingot after rough rolling is reduced by passing water through a water tank, the temperature before final rolling is ensured to be controlled at 840 ℃, the prepared alloy powder B is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the steel ingot after rough rolling, and the spraying amount is controlled at 10g/m 2 And performing heat preservation treatment for 2 hours, then rolling for 8 times, controlling the total deformation at 70%, controlling the initial cooling temperature of the steel at 750 ℃ by adopting a water tank after the final rolling, and then naturally cooling in a cooling bed.
Further, the grain diameter of the Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy powder is 15 μm, and the Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy powder comprises, by weight, 4.5-6.0% of Cu4, 0.2-0.8% of Mg0, 0.3-0.5% of Si0, 0.03-0.07% of Fe0, 0.1-0.15% of Ti0, 0.4-1.2% of Mn0, 0.1-0.13% of Cr0, 0.2-0.25% of Zn0, and the balance of Al.
Comparative example 1
A method for improving the surface quality of steel by improving the performance of iron scale comprises the following specific process steps:
1) According to the weight percentage of each componentSmelting 4% of niobium metal, 1% of cerium metal, 1% of magnesium metal, 1.5% of manganese metal, 0.05% of titanium metal and the balance of aluminum metal in a vacuum smelting furnace, casting into an ingot, keeping the casting temperature at 1300 ℃ for 5min, coarsely crushing the formed ingot to form an alloy block material with the thickness of less than 30mm, carrying out homogenizing annealing on the alloy block material under the vacuum condition, and controlling the vacuum degree to be 1 x 10 -1 Pa, annealing temperature of 900 ℃, heat preservation time of 15h, placing the annealed alloy block material in a tubular heat treatment furnace, vacuumizing to 5 x 10 -3 Pa, introducing hydrogen with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 percent to ensure that the partial pressure of the hydrogen is kept at 2Mpa, heating to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 1h, and ball-milling the alloy block material subjected to hydrogen absorption treatment under the protection of argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 percent to 5 mu m to obtain alloy powder A;
2) Uniformly spraying alloy powder A on the surface of the 38CrMoAl steel ingot after cogging, wherein the spraying amount is controlled to be 80g/m 2 Then placing the ingot into a heating furnace, preserving heat for 4 hours at 1200 ℃, cooling the ingot to 1040 ℃, discharging the ingot, controlling the cooling rate at 100 ℃/h, then sending the ingot into a roughing mill for 3 passes of rolling, and controlling the total deformation at 40%;
3) And (3) passing water through the steel ingot after rough rolling by a water tank to reduce the temperature before finish rolling, ensuring that the finish rolling temperature is controlled at 820 ℃, then carrying out 4-pass rolling, controlling the total deformation at 40%, controlling the steel after finish rolling by the water tank to ensure that the initial cooling temperature of the steel is 700 ℃, and then naturally cooling in a cooling bed.
Comparative example 2
A method for improving the surface quality of steel by improving the performance of iron scale comprises the following specific process steps:
1) Weighing titanium powder with the particle size of 20 microns and boron carbide powder with the particle size of 1 micron according to the molar ratio of 3:1, putting the titanium powder and the boron carbide powder together with Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy powder accounting for 100g into a ball milling mixer, controlling the ball milling rotation speed to be 50r/min, the ball milling time to be 15h, controlling the alloy powder to account for 70% of the total mass of the uniformly mixed powder, cold-pressing the uniformly mixed powder into a blank, wherein the blank has the diameter of 45mm and the height of 35mm, wrapping the blank with thin graphite paper, putting the blank into a graphite mold, putting the graphite mold into a furnace chamber of a vacuum combustion synthesis reaction device, reducing the vacuum degree of the furnace chamber to 50Pa, heating to 500 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10min, continuing heating to 860 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10min, stopping heating, carrying out homogenization extrusion treatment on the obtained composite material, wherein the homogenization treatment temperature is 480 ℃, the treatment time is 10h, the preheating temperature of the extrusion treatment is 560 ℃, the preheating time is 1.5h, the extrusion pressure is 150T, and carrying out ball milling and crushing to obtain alloy powder B with the particle size of 5 microns;
2) Putting the cogging 38CrMoAl steel ingot into a heating furnace, preserving heat for 4 hours at 1200 ℃, cooling the steel ingot to 1040 ℃, discharging the steel ingot, controlling the cooling rate at 100 ℃/h, then sending the steel ingot into a roughing mill for 3-pass rolling, and controlling the total deformation at 40%;
3) The temperature of the steel ingot after rough rolling is reduced by passing water through a water tank, the temperature before final rolling is ensured to be controlled at 820 ℃, the prepared alloy powder B is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the steel ingot after rough rolling, and the spraying amount is controlled at 5g/m 2 And performing heat preservation treatment for 1-2h, then performing 4-pass rolling, controlling the total deformation to be 40%, controlling the final-rolled steel to have the initial cooling temperature of 700 ℃ by adopting a water tank, and then naturally cooling in a cooling bed.
Further, the grain diameter of the Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy powder is 10 μm, and the Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy powder comprises, by weight, 4.5-6.0% of Cu4, 0.2-0.8% of Mg0, 0.3-0.5% of Si0, 0.03-0.07% of Fe0, 0.1-0.15% of Ti0, 0.4-1.2% of Mn0, 0.1-0.13% of Cr0, 0.2-0.25% of Zn0, and the balance of Al.
Control group
A method for improving the surface quality of steel by improving the performance of iron scale comprises the following specific process steps:
1) Putting the cogging 38CrMoAl steel ingot into a heating furnace, preserving heat for 4 hours at 1200 ℃, cooling the steel ingot to 1040 ℃, discharging the steel ingot, controlling the cooling rate at 100 ℃/h, then sending the steel ingot into a roughing mill for 3-pass rolling, and controlling the total deformation at 40%;
2) And (3) passing water through the steel ingot after rough rolling by a water tank to reduce the temperature before finish rolling, ensuring that the finish rolling temperature is controlled at 820 ℃, then carrying out 4-pass rolling, controlling the total deformation at 40%, controlling the steel after finish rolling by the water tank to ensure that the initial cooling temperature of the steel is 700 ℃, and then naturally cooling in a cooling bed.
Test experiments
The process methods provided by examples 1-3, comparative examples 1-2 and a control group are adopted to carry out hot rolling treatment on the 38CrMoAl steel ingot after cogging, 30 groups of samples are respectively provided by each process method, and the structure condition of the iron scale on the surface of the steel sample after the hot rolling treatment is observed, so that the results are as follows: the steel samples provided in examples 1 to 3 had a continuous iron oxide layer formed on the surface, and were not damaged or peeled off; the steel samples provided in comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 were similar in the case where the iron oxide scale layer formed on the surface did not peel off, but a small amount of cracking occurred; the steel samples provided by the control group have a few iron oxide scale layers formed on the surface and are peeled off, and the cracking condition is serious.
The experimental results can be intuitively obtained, and the process method provided by the invention can improve the phenomena that the iron scale on the surface of the steel is easy to crack and fall off in the hot rolling process, improves the continuity of the iron oxide scale layer and is beneficial to realizing the remarkable improvement of the surface quality of the steel.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that are not thought of through the inventive work should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for improving the surface quality of steel by improving the performance of iron scale is characterized by comprising the following specific process steps: 1) According to the weight percentage of each component, 4-9% of niobium metal, 1-1.5% of cerium metal, 1-1.5% of magnesium metal, 1.5-2.3% of manganese metal, 0.05-0.15% of titanium metal and the balance of aluminum are smelted in a vacuum smelting furnace, cast into an ingot, coarsely crush the formed ingot to form alloy block materials smaller than 30mm, carry out homogenizing annealing on the alloy block materials under the vacuum condition, and carry out ball milling and crushing under the protection of argon after hydrogen absorption treatment to obtain alloy powder A, wherein the grain diameter of the alloy powder A is 5-10 mu m; 2) Weighing titanium powder and boron carbide powder according to a molar ratio of 3-4:1, putting the titanium powder and the boron carbide powder together with Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy powder into a ball-milling mixer for uniform mixing, cold-pressing the uniformly mixed powder into a blank, wrapping the blank with thin graphite paper, putting the blank into a graphite mold, putting the blank into a furnace chamber of a vacuum combustion synthesis reaction device, reducing the vacuum degree of the furnace chamber to 50-100Pa, heating to 500-550 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10-15min, continuously heating to 860-900 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10-15min, stopping heating, carrying out uniform extrusion treatment on the obtained composite material, and carrying out ball-milling crushing to obtain alloy powder B with the particle size of 5-10 mu m, wherein the particle size of the titanium powder is 20-25 mu m, and the particle size of the boron carbide powder is 1-3 mu m; the alloy powder accounts for 70-80% of the total mass of the uniformly mixed powder; the rotation speed of the ball milling is 50-80r/min, and the ball milling time is 15-20h; 3) Uniformly spraying alloy powder A on the surface of the steel ingot after cogging, putting the steel ingot into a heating furnace, preserving heat for 4-5 hours at 1200-1250 ℃, cooling the steel ingot to 1040-1060 ℃, discharging the steel ingot, and feeding the steel ingot into a roughing mill for 3-6 times of rolling, wherein the total deformation is controlled to be 40-60%; 4) And (2) passing the steel ingot after rough rolling through a water tank to reduce the temperature before finish rolling, ensuring that the finish rolling temperature is controlled at 820-840 ℃, uniformly spraying the prepared alloy powder B on the surface of the steel ingot after rough rolling, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 1-2h, then carrying out rolling for 4-8 times, controlling the total deformation amount to be 40-70%, controlling the steel after finish rolling by adopting the water tank to ensure that the initial cooling temperature of the steel is 700-750 ℃, and then naturally cooling in a cooling bed.
2. The method for improving the surface quality of the steel by improving the performance of the iron scale according to claim 1, wherein in the process step 1), the casting temperature is 1300-1450 ℃, and the holding time is 5-10min; when the alloy block is subjected to homogenizing annealing, the vacuum degree is controlled to be 1 multiplied by 10 -1 Pa-1×10 -3 Pa, annealing temperature of 900-1000 ℃, and holding time of 15-20h.
3. The method for improving the surface quality of the steel by improving the performance of the iron scale according to the claim 1, wherein in the process step 1), the heating temperature of the hydrogen absorption treatment is 400-600 ℃, the hydrogen pressure is 2-4Mpa, and the holding time is 1-3h.
4. The method for improving the surface quality of a steel product by improving the properties of iron scale according to claim 1, wherein in step 2), the Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy powder has a grain size of 10 to 15 μm, and in terms of weight percentage, cu4.5 to 6.0%, mg0.2 to 0.8%, si0.3 to 0.5%, fe0.03 to 0.07%, ti0.1 to 0.15%, mn0.4 to 1.2%, cr0.1 to 0.13%, zn0.2 to 0.25%, and the balance being Al.
5. The method for improving the surface quality of the steel by improving the performance of the iron scale according to the claim 1, characterized in that in the process step 2), the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 480-530 ℃, and the treatment time is 10-12h; the preheating temperature of the extrusion treatment is 560-600 ℃, the preheating time is 1.5-2h, and the extrusion pressure is 150-200T.
6. The method for improving surface quality of steel products by improving scale properties according to claim 1, wherein the spraying amount of the alloy powder A in the process step 3) is controlled to be 80-120g/m 2 (ii) a The cooling rate is 100-120 ℃/h.
7. The method for improving the surface quality of a steel product by improving the properties of scale according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the alloy powder B sprayed in step 4) is controlled to be 5 to 10g/m 2 。
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