CN112453400B - Preparation method of high-strength and high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-strength and high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN112453400B CN112453400B CN202011344587.XA CN202011344587A CN112453400B CN 112453400 B CN112453400 B CN 112453400B CN 202011344587 A CN202011344587 A CN 202011344587A CN 112453400 B CN112453400 B CN 112453400B
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- OJLGWNFZMTVNCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxido(dioxo)tungsten;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O OJLGWNFZMTVNCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000001595 contractor effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000755 6061-T6 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000611 Zinc aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum copper Chemical compound [Al].[Cu] WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJMNNXLGOUYVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum zinc Chemical compound [Al].[Zn] FJMNNXLGOUYVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
- C22C1/1042—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by atomising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/12—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0005—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with at least one oxide and at least one of carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
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- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material with high strength and high thermal conductivity, belonging to the field of composite materials. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material comprises the steps of aluminum alloy, zirconium tungstate and silicon nitride (Si)3N4) And nitrogen as raw materials; the aluminum alloy in a molten state flows out and then liquid nitrogen containing zirconium tungstate is sprayed out at a high speed, the liquid aluminum alloy is rapidly atomized and cooled to be stacked gradually in a columnar shape under the impact and pulling of the liquid nitrogen, the part of the liquid aluminum alloy under the flushing of the nitrogen reacts with the nitrogen to form ceramic AlN, and the aluminum alloy thermal expansion and cold contraction effects are offset by the addition of the zirconium tungstate, so that the problem that an aluminum alloy material is easy to deform in the prior art is solved, and the aluminum alloy material can be used in the fields of precision instruments, war industry, aerospace and the like which have high requirements on the dimensional stability of the material. Meanwhile, the processing device is convenient to operate for preparing the composite material, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of composite materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material with high strength and high thermal conductivity.
Background
Aluminum alloys are the most widely used class of non-ferrous structural materials in industry and have found a number of applications in the aerospace, automotive, mechanical manufacturing, marine and chemical industries. The rapid development of industrial economy has increased the demand for welded aluminum alloy structural members, and the research on the composite materials of the aluminum alloy is also deepened.
Density of pure aluminiumSmall (ρ =2.7 g/cm)3) About 1/3 of that of iron, low melting point (660 ℃), and high plasticity (32-40% delta and 70-90% phi) because of the face-centered cubic structure of aluminum, and can be made into various sections and plates. The corrosion resistance is good; however, pure aluminum has a very low strength and a sigma b value of about 8kgf/mm in an annealed state2Therefore, it is not suitable for use as a structural material. Through long-term production practices and scientific experiments, people gradually add alloy elements and apply heat treatment and other methods to strengthen aluminum, so that a series of aluminum alloys are obtained.
Some aluminum alloys can be heat treated to achieve good mechanical, physical and corrosion properties. The cast aluminum alloy can be divided into aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum-magnesium alloy, aluminum-zinc alloy and aluminum-rare earth alloy according to chemical components, wherein the aluminum-silicon alloy also has simple aluminum-silicon alloy (which can not be strengthened by heat treatment, has lower mechanical property and good casting property) and special aluminum-silicon alloy (which can be strengthened by heat treatment, has higher mechanical property and good casting property).
However, the aluminum alloy has the problem of expansion with heat and contraction with cold, and is easy to deform in practical application, for example, an aluminum alloy cable bridge frame has a long straight line length, and is easy to cause serious deformation of the aluminum alloy cable bridge frame in long-time high-temperature weather, and even generates a local arching phenomenon, and when the aluminum alloy cable bridge frame encounters long-time low-temperature weather, new deformation can be generated. Therefore, the aluminum alloy is easy to deform under the influence of temperature, and a large obstacle is caused to the application of the aluminum alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material and an application thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material has high strength, high thermal conductivity, and high stability against temperature change.
The invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material with high strength and high thermal conductivity, which comprises the following steps:
after the aluminum alloy in a molten state flows out, the aluminum alloy is flushed, atomized, cooled and stacked by sprayed liquid nitrogen containing zirconium tungstate to form a column shape, and an aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material is obtained;
the flow rate of the molten aluminum alloy is 0.5-3 ml/s;
the ejection speed of the liquid nitrogen containing zirconium tungstate is measured by pressure, and the ejection pressure of the liquid nitrogen containing zirconium tungstate is 1-5 MPa;
and 5-25 g of zirconium tungstate is mixed into each liter of nitrogen by a standard atmospheric pressure meter in the liquid nitrogen containing the zirconium tungstate.
Preferably, the preparation method is carried out by adopting a device for processing the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material;
and heating the aluminum alloy in a crucible to be molten, allowing the molten aluminum alloy to flow out from a discharge port of an aluminum alloy melt, simultaneously spraying liquid nitrogen containing zirconium tungstate from a nozzle of a raw material supply and cooling device, reacting the molten aluminum alloy with nitrogen, and forming the AlN ceramic under the action of the cooling device of the raw material supply and cooling device.
Preferably, 10 to 20g of zirconium tungstate is mixed in each liter of nitrogen.
Preferably, the flow rate of the aluminum alloy in the molten state is 1 to 2.5ml/s.
Preferably, the ejection pressure of the liquid nitrogen containing zirconium tungstate is 2-4 MPa.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy is pure aluminum or a 6-series aluminum alloy having a purity of 99% or more.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material further comprises Si3N4Said zirconium tungstate, si3N4And the mass ratio of aluminum in the aluminum alloy is 25-55: 15 to 42:30 to 60 percent.
Preferably, said Si is3N4Mixed with zirconium tungstate into liquid nitrogen.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material with high strength and high thermal conductivity, which adopts aluminum alloy, zirconium tungstate and nitrogen as raw materials, forms high-strength and high thermal conductivity ceramic AlN by molten aluminum alloy under the action of nitrogen, and simultaneously makes use of the characteristics of aluminum alloy expansion with heat and contraction with cold and zirconium tungstate expansion with heat and contraction with cold by adding zirconium tungstateThe final expansion and contraction effects of the alloy/ceramic composite material are almost counteracted, and the high-strength, high-heat-conductivity and low-expansibility aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material is obtained. Tests show that the bending strength of the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material is 560-730 MPa, the thermal conductivity coefficient is 80-210W/m.K, and the coefficient of expansion with heat and contraction with cold of the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material is 0.15-8.23 multiplied by 10 under the condition of-160-500 DEG C-6K-1The problem that the aluminum alloy material expands with heat and contracts with cold under the influence of temperature in the prior art is effectively solved, and a material basis is provided for the field with high requirements on the dimensional stability of the material.
The invention also specifically limits that the raw material of the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material also comprises Si3N4Said zirconium tungstate, si3N4And the mass ratio of aluminum in the aluminum alloy is 25-55: 15 to 42:30 to 60 percent. The invention strictly controls Si3N4In proportion to other kinds of raw materials, to form a new aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material, si3N4Has reinforcing effect and high modulus. Si-containing silicon prepared by the invention3N4The elastic modulus of the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material is 118-246 GPa, and the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material has higher mechanical strength and elastic modulus.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for processing an aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the raw material supply and cooling apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a material spraying device in the device according to the embodiment of the invention;
wherein: 1. a crucible; 2. heating a jacket; 3. an aluminum alloy melt discharge port; 4. a raw material supply and cooling device; 41. a main material pipe; 42. a material spraying device; 421. a fixed block; 422. a spherical shaft sleeve; 423. a buffer chamber; 424. a nozzle; 425. a drive device; 43. a feeding pipe; 5. and (4) a bracket.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material with high strength and high thermal conductivity, which comprises the steps of flowing out molten aluminum alloy, flushing, atomizing, cooling and stacking sprayed liquid nitrogen containing zirconium tungstate to form a column shape to obtain the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material; the flow rate of the molten aluminum alloy is 0.5-3 ml/s; the ejection speed of the liquid nitrogen containing zirconium tungstate is measured by pressure, and the ejection pressure of the liquid nitrogen containing zirconium tungstate is 1-5 MPa; and 5-25 g of zirconium tungstate is mixed into each liter of nitrogen gas in the liquid nitrogen containing the zirconium tungstate by a standard atmospheric pressure meter.
The preparation method is preferably carried out by adopting a device for processing the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material. The device comprises a crucible 1, a heating jacket 2 is arranged on the outer side of the crucible 1, an aluminum alloy melt discharge port 3 penetrating through the bottom of the crucible 1 is arranged on the lower side of the crucible 1, a raw material supply and cooling device 4 is fixed at the bottom of the crucible 1, and the raw material supply and cooling device 4 is used for supplying elements lacking in aluminum alloy smelting and cooling aluminum alloy discharged from the aluminum alloy melt discharge port 3. Further, the raw material supply and cooling device 4 is fixed to the bottom of the crucible 1 by a plurality of holders 5. The device comprises a main material pipe (41) in an annular structure, wherein a plurality of material spraying devices (42) communicated with the main material pipe are arranged on the inner side of the main material pipe (41), the free end of each material spraying device (42) faces to the center of the main material pipe (41), and a material feeding pipe (43) communicated with the outer side of the main material pipe (41) is arranged on the outer side of the main material pipe; the material spraying device (42) comprises a fixing block (421), the fixing block (421) is fixed with the main material pipe (41), a through hole communicated with the main material pipe (41) is formed in the fixing block (421), one end of a spherical shaft sleeve (422) is located in the through hole and communicated with the through hole, the other end of the spherical shaft sleeve (422) is communicated with a buffer cavity (423), one end of a spraying pipe (424) is located in the buffer cavity (423), a spraying pipe adjusting device is arranged in the buffer cavity (423), a driving device (425) is arranged outside the buffer cavity, the driving device (425) is used for driving the adjusting device to act, and the spraying pipe (424) is adjusted to swing through the adjusting device. The adjusting device can be a mutually matched conical gear structure or a mutually matched worm and gear structure. The adjusting device is of a hydraulic structure.
The aluminum alloy is placed in a crucible to be heated to be molten, the aluminum alloy in a molten state flows out from a discharge port of an aluminum alloy melt, meanwhile, liquid nitrogen containing zirconium tungstate is sprayed out from a nozzle of a raw material supply and cooling device, the aluminum alloy in the molten state reacts with nitrogen, and AlN ceramic is formed under the action of the cooling device of the raw material supply and cooling device. The molding process resembles 3D printing.
The aluminum alloy in a high-temperature molten state in the invention is liquid aluminum alloy at the temperature of 750-880 ℃. The mass of zirconium tungstate per liter of nitrogen is preferably 5 to 25g, more preferably 10 to 20g, most preferably 15g, in standard atmospheric pressure. The zirconium tungstate is preferably micron-sized or nano-sized powder particles. The sources of the aluminum alloy, the liquid nitrogen and the zirconium tungstate are not limited, and the aluminum alloy, the liquid nitrogen and the zirconium tungstate can be purchased in a conventional commodity way. The amount of zirconium tungstate is preferably 10 to 20g per liter of nitrogen gas, and more preferably 15g per liter of nitrogen gas. The flow rate of the aluminum alloy in the molten state is preferably 1 to 2.5ml/s, more preferably 1.5 to 2ml/s. The ejection pressure of the liquid nitrogen containing zirconium tungstate is preferably 2-4 MPa. The aluminum alloy is a 6-series aluminum alloy. Wherein the aluminum alloy can be replaced by pure aluminum with the purity of more than 99 percent. Taking the reaction for 30min as an example, the dosage of each raw material is as follows: the mass of the aluminum alloy in the high-temperature molten state is preferably 4.86kg to 9.72kg, more preferably 7.29kg; the mass of the zirconium tungstate is preferably 3.24 kg-8.97 kg, and more preferably 4.86kg; the mass of the liquid nitrogen is 245g to 500g, and more preferably 364g.
In the prepared aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material, al/AlN/zirconium tungstate exists; the total mass of the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material is calculated by 100 percent, the mass percentage of AlN is 0.5 to 5 percent, the mass percentage of zirconium tungstate is 25 to 55 percent, and the balance is Al; the Al is present in the form of an aluminum alloy.
In the invention, the mass percentage of the zirconium tungstate is 25-55%, more preferably 28-48%, and most preferably 45%. The mass percentage of the AlN in the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material is preferably 0.5-5%, more preferably 1-4%, and most preferably 3%. The invention can also use the negative expansion ceramic material zirconium vanadate to replace zirconium tungstate.
In the invention, a universal testing machine is adopted to measure the bending strength of the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material, and the bending strength of the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material is preferably 560-730 MPa through detection. The thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material is measured by a flash method, and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material is preferably 80-210W/m.K through calculation by a conventional method. The push rod method is adopted to measure the thermal expansion and cold contraction performance of the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material, and the thermal expansion and cold contraction coefficient of the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material is preferably 0.15-8.23 multiplied by 10 under the condition of-160-500 ℃ calculated by the conventional method-6K-1. The aluminum alloy fluid in a high-temperature molten state reacts with nitrogen under the flushing of the nitrogen to form high-strength, high-heat-conductivity and low-expansion ceramic AlN, the prepared composite material is high in strength and good in heat conductivity, the size of the material is hardly changed along with the change of temperature, the aluminum alloy expands with heat and contracts with cold, the zirconium tungstate expands with heat and contracts with cold, and finally the expansion and contraction effect is almost offset.
When the raw material includes Si3N4In the preparation method of the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material, the aluminum alloy in a high-temperature molten state is preferably subjected to zirconium tungstate-containing treatment and Si-containing treatment3N4After the liquid nitrogen is atomized, the aluminum alloy fluid is gradually cooled and stacked to obtain the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material. The preparation method is the same as above, and is not described herein in detail. Said Si3N4Is 15 to 42 percent of the total mass of the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material, more preferably 25 to 40 percent, and most preferably 30 to 35 percent. The present invention may also employ silicon carbide instead of silicon nitride, etc.
In the present invention, si is added3N4Preparing the high-modulus aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material. And (3) detecting the elastic modulus of the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material by using a universal testing machine, wherein the detection result shows that the elastic modulus reaches 118-246 GPa.
The two aluminum alloy/ceramic composite materials provided by the invention comprise an as-cast aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material and all products produced by the as-cast aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material, such as forgings, laminates, castings, rolled products (sheets and plates) and pipes.
The invention provides application of the high-strength and high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material in industrial production, such as the fields of precision instruments, aerospace and the like.
The following will describe in detail the preparation method of the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material with high strength and high thermal conductivity provided by the present invention with reference to the examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of an aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material with high strength and high thermal conductivity is prepared by adopting a device for processing the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material, and comprises the following specific operations:
the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy fluid in a melting state at 750 ℃ flows out of a crucible at the flow rate of 2ml/s, a vertical fluid is formed under the action of gravity, meanwhile, liquid nitrogen containing zirconium tungstate (5 g of zirconium tungstate is mixed in per liter of nitrogen) is sprayed out from a nozzle of a raw material supply and cooling device at a high speed, the spraying pressure is controlled to be 1MPa, and the liquid metal fluid is rapidly atomized and cooled to be gradually stacked into a column under the impact and the pulling of the liquid nitrogen to form the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material.
The composition of the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material is detected by EDS and other analytical methods, and the result shows that in the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material, zirconium tungstate accounts for 31% of the total mass of the composite material, alN ceramic accounts for 2.8% of the total mass of the composite material, and aluminum alloy accounts for 66.2% of the total mass of the composite material (impurities are classified as the proportion of the aluminum alloy).
Example 2
A preparation method of an aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material with high strength and high thermal conductivity is prepared by adopting a device for processing the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material, and comprises the following specific operations:
the method comprises the steps of enabling 6063-T4 aluminum alloy fluid in a molten state at 880 ℃ to flow out of a crucible at the flow speed of 1.5ml/s, forming a vertical fluid under the action of gravity, simultaneously spraying liquid nitrogen containing zirconium tungstate (25 g of zirconium tungstate is mixed in per liter of nitrogen) from a nozzle of a raw material supply and cooling device at a high speed, controlling the spraying pressure at 5MPa, and rapidly atomizing and cooling the liquid metal fluid under the impact and pulling of the liquid nitrogen to gradually pile the liquid metal fluid into a columnar shape to form the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material.
The composition of the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material is detected by EDS and other analysis methods, and the result shows that in the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material, zirconium tungstate accounts for 43% of the total mass of the composite material, alN ceramic accounts for 3.5% of the total mass of the composite material, and aluminum alloy accounts for 53.5% of the total mass of the composite material.
Example 3
A preparation method of an aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material with high strength and high thermal conductivity is prepared by adopting an aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material processing device, and comprises the following specific operations:
the method comprises the steps of enabling a 6082-T6 aluminum alloy fluid in a 820 ℃ molten state to flow out of a crucible at a flow speed of 0.5ml/s, forming a vertical fluid under the action of gravity, simultaneously ejecting liquid nitrogen (15 g of zirconium tungstate is mixed in per liter of nitrogen) containing zirconium tungstate and liquid nitrogen from a nozzle of a raw material supply and cooling device at a high speed, controlling the pressure of ejection to be 3MPa, and rapidly atomizing and cooling the liquid metal fluid under the impact and pulling of the liquid nitrogen to gradually pile up the liquid metal fluid into a column shape to form the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material.
The composition of the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material is detected by EDS and other analysis methods, and the result shows that in the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material, zirconium tungstate accounts for 42% of the total mass of the composite material, alN ceramic accounts for 3.1% of the total mass of the composite material, and aluminum alloy accounts for 54.9% of the total mass of the composite material.
Example 4
A preparation method of an aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material with high strength and high thermal conductivity is prepared by adopting a device for processing the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material, and comprises the following specific operations:
the 6082-T6 aluminum alloy fluid in 820 ℃ molten state flows out from the crucible at the flow rate of 1.5ml/s, forms a vertical fluid under the action of gravity, and simultaneously contains zirconium tungstate and Si3N4Liquid nitrogen (mixed with 15g of zirconium tungstate per liter of nitrogen gas, mixed with Si)3N415g) Spraying at high speed from nozzle of raw material supplying and cooling device, with pressure controlled at3MPa, under the impact and the pulling of liquid nitrogen, the liquid metal fluid is rapidly atomized and cooled to be gradually piled into a column shape, and the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material is formed.
The composition of the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material is detected by EDS and other analysis methods, and the result shows that in the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material, the zirconium tungstate accounts for 28.3 percent of the total mass of the composite material, the AlN ceramic accounts for 3.1 percent of the total mass of the composite material, and the Si accounts for 3 percent of the total mass of the composite material3N4Accounts for 27.8% of the total mass of the composite material, and the aluminum alloy accounts for 43.9% of the total mass of the composite material.
And (3) performance detection:
the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite materials prepared in examples 1 to 4 were examined for flexural strength, thermal conductivity, thermal expansibility, and elastic modulus, respectively.
The detection method comprises the following steps:
1) The flexural strength was measured using a universal tester using a 3-point bending method (at room temperature).
2) The modulus of elasticity was measured using a universal tester.
3) The thermal conductivity is detected by using a flash method according to GB/T22588-2008, and is directly calculated by software.
4) The thermal expansion coefficient is detected by a push rod method according to GB/T16535-2008 and GB/T4339-2008.
The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 performance results for various aspects of the aluminum alloy/ceramic composites prepared in examples 1-4.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material with high strength and high thermal conductivity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
after the aluminum alloy in a molten state flows out, the aluminum alloy is flushed, atomized, cooled and stacked by sprayed liquid nitrogen containing zirconium tungstate to form a column shape, and an aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material is obtained;
the preparation method is carried out by adopting a device for processing the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material; the device comprises a crucible (1), a heating sleeve (2) is arranged on the outer side of the crucible (1), an aluminum alloy melt discharge port (3) penetrating through the bottom of the crucible (1) is arranged on the lower side of the crucible (1), a raw material supply and cooling device (4) is fixed at the bottom of the crucible (1), and the raw material supply and cooling device (4) is used for supplying elements lacking in aluminum alloy smelting and cooling aluminum alloy discharged from the aluminum alloy melt discharge port (3); the raw material supply and cooling device (4) is fixed at the bottom of the crucible (1) through a plurality of brackets (5); the device comprises a main material pipe (41) in an annular structure, wherein a plurality of material spraying devices (42) communicated with the main material pipe (41) are arranged on the inner side of the main material pipe (41), the free ends of the material spraying devices (42) face to the center of the main material pipe (41), and a material feeding pipe (43) communicated with the main material pipe (41) is arranged on the outer side of the main material pipe (41); the spraying device (42) comprises a fixing block (421), the fixing block (421) is fixed with the main pipe (41) through the fixing block (421), a through hole communicated with the main pipe (41) is formed in the fixing block (421), one end of a spherical shaft sleeve (422) is positioned in the through hole and communicated with the through hole, the other end of the spherical shaft sleeve (422) is communicated with a buffer cavity (423), one end of a spraying pipe (424) is positioned in the buffer cavity (423), a spraying pipe adjusting device is arranged in the buffer cavity (423), a driving device (425) is arranged outside the buffer cavity, and the driving device (425) is used for driving the adjusting device to act, so that the spraying pipe (424) is adjusted to swing through the adjusting device; the adjusting device can be a mutually matched conical gear structure or a mutually matched worm and gear structure; the adjusting device is of a hydraulic structure;
during preparation, aluminum alloy fluid in a molten state flows out of a crucible to form a vertical fluid under the action of gravity, meanwhile, liquid nitrogen containing zirconium tungstate is sprayed out from a nozzle of a raw material supply and cooling device at a high speed, and the liquid metal fluid is rapidly atomized and cooled to be gradually stacked into a column shape under the impact and pulling of the liquid nitrogen;
the flow rate of the molten aluminum alloy is 0.5-3 ml/s;
the high-speed ejection speed of the liquid nitrogen containing zirconium tungstate is measured by pressure, and the ejection pressure of the liquid nitrogen containing zirconium tungstate is 1-5 MPa;
5-25 g of zirconium tungstate is mixed into each liter of nitrogen gas in the liquid nitrogen containing the zirconium tungstate by a standard atmospheric pressure meter;
taking the reaction for 30min as an example, the dosage of each raw material is as follows: the mass of the aluminum alloy in the molten state is 4.86 kg-9.72 kg; the mass of the zirconium tungstate is 3.24 kg-8.97 kg; the mass of the liquid nitrogen is 245 g-500 g.
2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein 10 to 20g of zirconium tungstate is mixed per liter of nitrogen gas.
3. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate of the aluminum alloy in a molten state is 1 to 2.5ml/s.
4. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the ejection pressure of the liquid nitrogen containing zirconium tungstate is 2 to 4MPa.
5. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy is pure aluminum having a purity of 99% or more or a 6-series aluminum alloy.
6. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy/ceramic composite material further comprises Si3N4, and the mass ratio of the zirconium tungstate, the Si3N4, and the aluminum in the aluminum alloy is 25 to 55:15 to 42:30 to 60 percent.
7. The production method according to claim 6, wherein the Si3N4 and the zirconium tungstate are mixed together in liquid nitrogen.
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