CN112432996A - Transient electromagnetic time domain multi-channel multi-layer pipe column damage detection system and method - Google Patents
Transient electromagnetic time domain multi-channel multi-layer pipe column damage detection system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a transient electromagnetic time domain method multilayer pipe column damage detection system and a method thereof, wherein the system comprises an underground detector, a transmission cable, a host module and an upper computer module, the underground detector is lowered into a well through the transmission cable to detect medium information, measured logging data are preprocessed and then transmitted to the host module on the ground, the host module stores and processes the collected logging data and uploads the logging data to the upper computer module, command information sent by the upper computer module is sent to the underground detector through the host module and the transmission cable, and the wall thickness information of each layer of pipe column is determined and stored and displayed according to the corresponding induced electromotive force curved surface of each sampling time of the calibration compared with the logging data uploaded by the host module. The transient electromagnetic time domain method multilayer tubular column damage detection system and method improve the logging efficiency, shorten the logging time and quickly and accurately complete multilayer tubular column casing damage detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of transient electromagnetic detection, in particular to a transient electromagnetic time domain multi-channel multi-layer tubular column damage detection system and method.
Background
At present, most of oil fields in China enter the middle and later stages, most of oil wells and gas wells are subjected to long-term development, water injection and other operations, and are influenced by a plurality of factors such as mechanical damage, electrochemical corrosion and the like, pipe columns have various damage phenomena with different degrees such as cracks, deformation, diameter reduction and the like, normal production of the oil wells and the gas wells and safety in the wells are directly influenced, even normal exploitation of nearby well regions is influenced, damage degree and position of the casing are determined by casing damage detection, a basis is provided for casing repair and updating, and casing damage repair success rate and treatment efficiency are improved.
The transient electromagnetic method is based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, applies bipolar step signal or oblique step signal to the transmitting coil, and intermittently receives the second eddy current field varying with the resistivity of medium in the stratum under excitation and cut-off, and the second field is exponentially attenuated in the form depending on the conductivity and volume scale of the surrounding medium. The transient electromagnetic casing damage detection technology cannot cause secondary damage to the casing, has the characteristics of accurately evaluating the residual wall thickness of the casing, continuously and quickly testing the whole well section, and being little influenced by the shaft environment, and is widely applied to the field of casing damage detection.
In order to isolate the stratum and protect the well structure, multiple layers of pipe columns such as oil pipes and casings are generally adopted to bear the pressure generated in the process of exploitation, and at the moment, the increase of the layer number of the pipe columns brings certain difficulty to the inversion and explanation of underground medium information, and data at multiple moments need to be combined for joint processing. The paper "inductive Sensor-Based bore responsive Electromagnetic System for the nonlinear Inspection of Multipipe Strings" proposes that induced electromotive force curved surfaces corresponding to various multi-layer tubular column wall thickness parameters at specific sampling moments can be simulated, the corresponding multi-layer tubular column wall thickness parameter combinations are intercepted on the curved surfaces through the measured induced electromotive forces, and the intersection of the combinations is taken by combining a plurality of sampling moments, so that the current multi-layer tubular column wall thickness parameters can be determined. However, in actual casing loss detection work, parameters such as magnetic permeability and electric conductivity of the stratum and the casing cannot be determined, and an induced electromotive force curved surface cannot be simulated. When the number of layers of the tubular column is one, the dimension of the induced electromotive force curved surface corresponding to the lower wall thickness parameter is reduced to an induced electromotive force curve at a specific moment, and the induced electromotive force curve can be calibrated by utilizing exponential function properties by measuring the induced electromotive forces under two different wall thicknesses of a casing and a coupling at a specific sampling moment. However, when the number of layers of the tubular column increases, the induced electromotive force dimension corresponding to the lower wall thickness parameter at a specific moment increases, taking two layers of tubular columns as an example, the wall thickness parameter of the tubular column corresponds to a two-dimensional induced electromotive force curved surface, at this time, two wall thicknesses of a sleeve and a coupling of the two layers of tubular columns can be combined into four conditions, the induced electromotive force curved surface cannot be accurately calibrated only through four points, along with the increase of the number of layers of the tubular columns, the calibration difficulty is higher and higher, and the precision of wall thickness detection is greatly reduced.
Compared with a single-layer pipe column, the radial detection range of the multi-layer pipe column is larger, and according to the vortex diffusion theory, a signal of a later period is needed, so that the emission period is larger. Moreover, when a multi-layer tubular column is detected, time domain multi-channel joint interpretation is needed, and the more tubular columns, the more time domain channels. Therefore, in actual detection, the larger the number of the layers of the tubular column is, the longer the emission period is, the more the number of time-domain sampling points is, and the longer the logging time is. However, the multilayer casing is not arranged in the whole well section generally, so that a novel transient electromagnetic time domain method multilayer pipe column damage detection system and method are invented, and the technical problems are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a transient electromagnetic time domain method multilayer pipe string damage detection system and method which can improve the logging efficiency and quickly and accurately complete multilayer pipe string casing damage detection.
The object of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: the transient electromagnetic time domain method multilayer pipe column damage detection system comprises an underground detector, a transmission cable, a host module and an upper computer module, the underground detector is connected with the host module through the transmission cable, the underground detector is lowered into the well through the transmission cable to detect medium information, the measured logging data is transmitted to the host module on the ground after being preprocessed, the host module stores and processes the collected logging data and uploads the logging data to the upper computer module, the command information sent by the upper computer module is sent to the underground detector through the host computer module and the transmission cable, and comparing the calibrated induced electromotive force curved surfaces corresponding to each sampling time according to the logging data uploaded by the host module, determining the wall thickness information of each layer of pipe column, and storing and displaying.
The object of the invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures:
the upper computer module combines the prior information of the underground casing arrangement according to the depth of the underground detector, determines the approximate information of the number of layers and the wall thickness of the casing at the current depth, calculates the emission period of the transient electromagnetic signal and the number of time domain sampling channels, and sends command information.
The underground detector comprises an electromagnetic probe, an emission receiving part, an amplification filtering part, a signal acquisition part, a data transmission part and a singlechip part, wherein the emission receiving part is connected with the electromagnetic probe and controls the emission and the reception of the electromagnetic probe, the amplification filtering part is connected with the electromagnetic probe and amplifies and filters logging data received by the electromagnetic probe, the signal acquisition part is connected with the amplification filtering part and acquires the logging data after amplification and filtering, converts the logging data into digital signals and transmits the digital signals to the singlechip part, the singlechip part is connected with the signal acquisition part and the emission receiving part and controls the emission period of the emission receiving part, the number of sampling points of the signal acquisition part and the sampling time of each point according to command information sent by the host module and encodes the logging data transmitted by the signal acquisition part, the data transmission part is connected with the single chip microcomputer part, receives command information transmitted by the host module, transmits the command information to the single chip microcomputer part, and transmits the encoded logging data to the host module through the transmission cable.
The transmission cable is a multi-core cable and supplies power to the underground detector to transmit command information sent to the underground detector by the host module and logging data sent to the host module by the underground detector.
The host module comprises a data storage part, a data transmission part, a depth calculation part, a depth storage part and a power supply part, wherein the power supply part supplies power to the underground detector, the depth calculation part is connected with the depth storage part, calculates the depth of the underground detector and transmits the calculated depth information to the depth storage part for storage; the data storage part is connected with the data transmission part to finish the storage of the original logging data of the underground detector, the data transmission part sends the command information issued by the upper computer module to the underground detector, and sends the depth information and the underground logging data to the upper computer module.
The upper computer module comprises an underground multilayer pipe column basic parameter input part, a depth and data processing part, an imaging display part, a data storage module and a data playback module, wherein the underground multilayer pipe column basic parameter input part inputs well condition information, the depth and data processing part is connected with the underground multilayer pipe column basic parameter input part, receives data information sent by the host computer module, stores logging data, calculates the transmitting period and the number of sampling points according to the current depth and the prior information of sleeve arrangement and sends the data information to the host computer module, meanwhile, the wall thickness of each layer of pipe column is determined according to an induction curved surface calibrated by the logging data in a combined simulation mode and is sent to the imaging display part, the imaging display part is connected with the data processing part, and displays the original data of each depth measured by an instrument and the inverted multilayer pipe column wall thickness according to the original test data in a curved form, the data storage module is connected to the depth and data processing part, receives and stores logging data, and the data playback module is connected to the data storage module and the imaging display part and transmits the data stored in the data storage module to the imaging display part for display.
The object of the invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures: the multilayer tubular column damage detection method of the transient electromagnetic time domain method adopts a multilayer tubular column damage detection system of the transient electromagnetic time domain method, and comprises the following steps: step 1, estimating stratum parameters of each layer of medium through induced electromotive forces of a plurality of channels in a time domain, and calibrating induced electromotive force curved surfaces at each moment; step 2, recording the prior information of the sleeve arrangement of the well to be measured in the upper computer module, wherein the prior information comprises the number of the sleeve layers and the original wall thickness at each depth; step 3, the underground detector is lowered into the well to detect the damage of the multilayer pipe column, the upper computer module combines the underground casing pipe arrangement prior information according to the depth of the underground detector, determines the approximate information of the number of the casing pipes and the wall thickness at the current depth, calculates the emission period of the transient electromagnetic signal, the number of sampling points and the sampling time of the sampling points, and sends the transient electromagnetic signal, the sampling points and the sampling time to the underground detector through the host computer module and the transmission cable; step 4, the underground detector emits signals according to a specified period, and after the received signals are amplified and filtered, the signals are sampled according to a sampling mode issued by the upper computer module, converted into digital signals and sent to the host computer module; step 5, the host module decodes the received data, compares the calibrated induced electromotive force curved surfaces corresponding to each sampling time, determines the wall thickness information of each layer of sleeve and sends the wall thickness information to the upper computer module; step 6, the upper computer module stores and displays the wall thickness information of each layer of the sleeve; and 7, lowering to the next depth, and repeating the steps 3 to 6.
The object of the invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures:
the step 1 comprises the following steps:
(11) firstly, constructing a transient electromagnetic multilayer pipe column detection model according to the layer number of pipe columns in the current well condition, wherein the transient electromagnetic multilayer pipe column detection model comprises air, well fluid and a metal pipe column multilayer medium;
(12) constructing an induced electromotive force forward equation, and setting m as the number of the tubular columns, wherein each layer of tubular column shares 4 unknowns of radius, magnetic conductivity, dielectric constant and electric conductivity, and the total number of the unknowns is 4 m;
(13) the method comprises the following steps of measuring different wall thickness combinations of all layers of casings of a current non-damaged section of a well condition respectively, taking two layers of casings as an example, and dividing the measurable conditions into 3 types, wherein one type is the position where the two layers of casings are both bodies; secondly, the inner casing is a coupling and the outer casing is the position of the body; thirdly, the inner casing is a body and the outer tubular column is a coupling;
(14) sampling the actual measurement curves of the various casing wall thickness combinations, wherein the total number of sampling points is related to the number of unknown quantities; if the unknown quantity is 4m, the unknown quantity can be solved only by at least 4m sampling points, and 8m sampling points are selected to ensure that the solution is more accurate;
(15) according to the selected 8m sampling points, 8m equations can be established, and 4m unknowns of m layers of pipe columns can be obtained by solving an equation set;
(16) substituting the solved unknown quantity into an induced electromotive force forward equation, and simulating induced electromotive force curves of different wall thickness combinations of the sleeves of each layer;
(17) verifying whether the simulated induced electromotive force curve is consistent with the actual measurement curve, if an error exists, combining the corresponding measurement data with the original equation set, and solving the optimal 4m unknowns again;
(18) repeating the step (16) and the step (17) until the simulated induced electromotive force curve is completely consistent with the measured curve;
(19) and (4) according to the finally solved 4m unknowns, properly adjusting the wall thickness parameters of the sleeve, and simulating the induced electromotive force curved surfaces of various sleeve wall thickness combinations at each moment to finish calibration.
The system and the method for detecting the damage of the multilayer tubular column by the transient electromagnetic time domain method have the advantages that an underground transient electromagnetic multilayer tubular column model is built, time domain multi-channel joint estimation of underground model parameters and simulation fitting of an induced electromotive force curved surface in measured data are utilized, the induced electromotive force curved surface is finally calibrated through repeated verification and modification of the simulated induced electromotive force curved surface and the measured induced electromotive force, in the well logging process, the transmitting period and the number of sampling points are adjusted according to prior information arranged in a well casing, the well logging efficiency is improved, casing damage detection of the multilayer tubular column is rapidly and accurately completed, and one or more problems caused by limitations and defects of related technologies are overcome at least to a certain extent. According to the invention, through the prior information of the arrangement of the casing pipes in the well, the logging instrument can be adjusted in a multilayer tubular column well section, the emission period is prolonged, the number of sampling points is increased, and in a single-layer tubular column well section, the emission period is shortened, and the number of sampling points is reduced, so that the logging efficiency is improved, and the logging time is shortened.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a multilayer tubular column damage detection system of the transient electromagnetic time domain method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a downhole probe module in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a land host module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a host computer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a transient electromagnetic multi-zone string detection model in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of a transient electromagnetic time domain method multilayer tubular column damage detection method in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a transient electromagnetic time domain method multilayer pipe column damage detection system of the present invention.
The system consists of an underground detector 1, a transmission cable 2, a host computer module 3 and an upper computer module 4. The underground detector 1 is connected with the host module 3 through the transmission cable 2, the underground detector 1 is lowered into a well through the transmission cable 2 to detect medium information, a measured original test signal is preprocessed and then transmitted to the host module 3 on the ground, the host module 3 stores and processes collected depth information and detection information containing multiple layers of pipe columns and uploads the collected depth information and the detection information to the host module 4, and the host module 3 is connected with the host module 4 through a data line. The upper computer module 4 determines the approximate information of the number of layers and the wall thickness of the casing at the current depth according to the depth of the underground detector 1 and the prior information of the underground casing arrangement, calculates the emission period of the transient electromagnetic signal and the number of time domain sampling channels, and sends the transient electromagnetic signal and the time domain sampling channels to the underground detector 1 through the host computer module 3 and the transmission cable 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the downhole detector is composed of an electromagnetic probe 11, a transmitting and receiving part 12, an amplifying and filtering part 13, a signal acquisition part 14, a data transmission part 15 and a single chip microcomputer part 16. The transmitting and receiving part 12 controls the transmission and reception of the electromagnetic probe 11, the amplifying and filtering part 13 amplifies and filters the received signals, and the signal acquisition part 15 acquires the amplified and filtered signals and converts the amplified and filtered signals into digital signals. The data transmission section 15 is used to receive a command sent from the host module 3 and send encoded sample data to the host module 3. The single chip part 16 controls the emission period of the emission and receiving part 12, the number of sampling points of the signal collection part and the sampling time of each point according to the instruction issued by the host module 3, encodes the sampled data and transmits the data to the data transmission part 15.
The transmission cable 2 is a multi-core cable and is used for supplying power to the underground detector 1 and transmitting command information sent to the underground detector 1 by the host module 3 and logging data sent to the host module 3 by the underground detector 1.
As shown in fig. 3, the host module 3 is composed of a data storage part 32, a data transmission part 33, a depth calculation part 34, a depth storage part 35 and a power supply part 31, wherein the power supply part 31 is used for supplying power to the downhole detector, the depth calculation part 34 is used for calculating the depth of the downhole detector and transmitting the calculated depth information to the depth storage part 35 for storage; the data storage part 32 is used for storing original test signals of the underground detector, and the data transmission part 33 is used for sending commands issued by the upper computer module to the underground detector 1 and sending depth information and underground detection data to the upper computer module 4.
As shown in fig. 4, the upper computer module 4 is composed of a downhole multilayer string basic parameter input section 41, a depth and data processing section 42, an imaging display section 43, a data storage module 44 and a data playback module 45. The downhole multi-layer string basic parameter input part 41 is used for inputting well condition information including a well number, casing arrangement information and the like, wherein the casing arrangement information includes the number of casing layers and the original wall thickness at each depth. The depth and data processing part 42 is used for receiving data information sent by the host computer module 3, wherein the data information comprises logging data and depth information, the depth and data processing part 42 stores the logging data, calculates the transmitting period and the number of sampling points according to the current depth and the prior information of the sleeve arrangement and sends the transmitting period and the number of the sampling points to the host computer module 3, and meanwhile, determines the wall thickness of each layer of pipe column according to the logging data and an induction curved surface calibrated by combined simulation and sends the wall thickness to the imaging display part 43. The imaging display section 43 is used to display raw data of various depths measured by the instrument and the wall thickness of the multi-layer tubular string inverted from the raw test data in a curve form. The data storage module 44 is connected to the depth and data processing part 42 to receive and store logging data, and the data playback module 45 is connected to the data storage module 44 and the imaging display part 45 to transmit the data stored in the data storage module 44 to the imaging display part 45 for display. In an embodiment, for the stored downhole detection signal, data playback may be performed after logging is completed, and the data is retrieved by setting a storage path of the original test data to be played back, clicking an "inquiry" button of the software interface, and displaying the data through the imaging display portion 45.
In one embodiment, before logging, induced electromotive force curves of four combined conditions of two layers of pipe column bodies and a coupling are measured in an undamaged well section, time domain multi-channel joint estimation of downhole model parameters and simulation fitting of the induced electromotive force curved surface in measured data are utilized, and the induced electromotive force curved surface is calibrated finally through repeated verification and modification of the simulated induced electromotive force curved surface and the measured induced electromotive force. And recording the prior information of the sleeve arrangement of the well to be measured in the upper computer module 4, wherein the prior information comprises the number of the sleeve layers and the original wall thickness at each depth. In the implementation process, the underground detector 1 is lowered into a well to detect the damage of the multilayer pipe column, the upper computer module 4 is combined with the underground casing arrangement prior information according to the depth of the underground detector 1, determines the approximate information of the number of the casing layers and the wall thickness at the current depth, calculates the emission period of the transient electromagnetic signal and the number of time domain sampling channels, and sends the transient electromagnetic signal and the time domain sampling channels to the underground detector 1 through the host computer module 3 and the transmission cable 2. The data sending and receiving part 15 in the underground detector 1 receives the detection parameters and sends the detection parameters to the single chip microcomputer part 16, the single chip microcomputer part 16 controls the electromagnetic probe 11 to send signals according to a specified period through the sending and receiving part 12, and after the received signals are subjected to primary processing by the amplifying and filtering module 13, the single chip microcomputer part 16 controls the signal acquisition part 14 to sample the analog signals according to the time domain sampling channel number sent by the upper computer module 4. The digital sampling signal is encoded by the singlechip module 16 and then uploaded to the host module 3 through the transmission cable 2. The data transmission part 33 in the host module 3 decodes the data and sends the data to the upper computer module 4 for digital signal processing of the decoded data, and the induced electromotive force curved surfaces corresponding to the calibrated sampling moments are compared to determine the wall thickness information of each layer of pipe column for storage and display.
The damage of the multilayer tubular column is detected by adopting a transient electromagnetic time domain multi-channel multilayer tubular column detection method, the number of layers of the tubular column and the number of time domain sampling channels are far greater than the number of layers of the tubular column in order to ensure the calibration precision and the detection performance of the induced electromotive force curved surface. For convenience of description, a 2-layer pipe column and a time domain 10-channel joint processing are taken as an example for explanation.
The multilayer pipe column detection model is shown in figure 5, and the medium comprises a magnetic core, air, an instrument shell, well fluid, a casing 1, a cement sheath 1, a casing 2, a cement sheath 2 and a stratum mu from inside to outside in sequencej,εj,σjAnd rjThe permeability, dielectric constant, conductivity and radius of the j layer medium are respectivelyjWhere J is 1,2, …, J. The induced electromotive force of the receiving coil can be expressed as frequency domain
Wherein i21, ω is angular frequency, NRZ is the spacing between the receiver coil and the transmitter coil, H is the magnetic field strength in the receiver coil, and r ═ r1 r2]，μ＝[μ1 μ2]，ε＝[ε1 ε2]，σ＝[σ1 σ2]The vector consisting of the radius, permeability, permittivity and conductivity of each layer of medium, and the dimension of the vector will increase in response when there is an increase in the number of layers of the pipe string. Let the turn-off time be tofThe induced electromotive force in the time domain obtained by the S-order G-S inverse Laplace transform is
In practical application, the electromagnetic parameters and the geometric parameters of each layer of medium cannot be determined, and the wall thickness of the casing cannot be inverted directly through a detection model. However, if only one layer of casing exists, the relationship between the received induced electromotive force at any time and the wall thickness of the casing is an index curve, the curve can be calibrated through the actually measured induced electromotive forces of the damaged casing body and the coupling with different wall thicknesses, and the wall thickness of the casing at each position can be inverted through the curve. However, when the number of the casings is 2, the relation between the received induced electromotive force at any time and the wall thickness of the two layers of casings is an index curved surface, the body of the two layers of casings and the coupling can only form 4 wall thickness combinations, and the accuracy of calibrating one index curved surface through 4 points is poor. Particularly, the wall thickness to be detected when two layers of sleeves are arranged is 2 unknowns, the induced electromotive force at only one moment cannot solve the 2 unknowns, and the induced electromotive forces at two moments need to be jointly solved, so that induced electromotive force curved surfaces at two moments need to be calibrated, and accurate calibration is difficult. And the difficulty of calibration is higher and higher as the number of the layers of the sleeve is increased. The invention provides a transient electromagnetic time domain multi-channel multi-layer tubular column detection method, which estimates stratum parameters of each layer of medium through induced electromotive forces of a plurality of channels on a time domain, thereby calibrating induced electromotive force curved surfaces at all times and realizing multi-layer tubular column damage detection. As shown in fig. 6, the specific detection process is as follows:
(1) firstly, constructing a transient electromagnetic multilayer pipe column detection model according to the layer number of pipe columns in the current well condition, wherein the transient electromagnetic multilayer pipe column detection model contains multiple layers of media such as air, well fluid, metal pipe columns and the like;
(2) constructing an induced electromotive force forward equation, and setting m as the number of the tubular columns, wherein each layer of tubular column shares 4 unknowns of radius, magnetic conductivity, dielectric constant and electric conductivity, and the total number of the unknowns is 4 m;
(3) the method comprises the following steps of measuring different wall thickness combinations of all layers of casings of a current non-damaged section of a well condition respectively, taking two layers of casings as an example, the measurable conditions can be divided into 3 types, wherein one type is the position where the two layers of casings are both bodies; secondly, the inner casing is a coupling and the outer casing is the position of the body; thirdly, the inner casing is a body and the outer tubular column is a coupling;
(4) and sampling the actual measurement curves of various casing wall thickness combinations, wherein the total number of sampling points is related to the number of unknown quantities. If the unknown quantity is 4m, the unknown quantity can be solved only by at least 4m sampling points, and 8m sampling points can be selected for more accurate solution;
(5) according to the selected 8m sampling points, 8m equations can be established, and 4m unknowns of m layers of pipe columns can be obtained by solving an equation set;
(6) and substituting the solved unknown quantity into an induced electromotive force forward equation, and simulating an induced electromotive force curve of different wall thickness combinations of the sleeves of each layer.
(7) And verifying whether the simulated induced electromotive force curve is consistent with the actual measurement curve, if an error exists, combining the corresponding measurement data with the original equation set, and solving the optimal 4m unknowns again.
(8) And (5) repeating the step (6) and the step (7) until the simulated induced electromotive force curve is completely consistent with the measured curve.
(9) And (4) according to the finally solved 4m unknowns, properly adjusting the wall thickness parameters of the sleeve, and simulating the induced electromotive force curved surfaces of various sleeve wall thickness combinations at each moment to finish calibration.
(10) And recording the prior information of the sleeve arrangement of the well to be measured in the upper computer module, wherein the prior information comprises the number of the sleeve layers and the original wall thickness under each depth.
(11) The upper computer module determines the approximate information of the number of layers and the wall thickness of the casing at the current depth according to the depth of the underground detector and the arrangement prior information of the underground casing, calculates the emission period of the transient electromagnetic signal, the number of sampling points and the sampling time of the transient electromagnetic signal, and sends the transient electromagnetic signal, the sampling points and the sampling time to the underground detector through the host computer module and the transmission cable.
(12) The underground detector emits signals according to a specified period, and the received signals are amplified, filtered, sampled according to a sampling mode issued by an upper computer, converted into digital signals and sent to the host module.
(13) The host computer module decodes the received data, compares the calibrated induced electromotive force curved surfaces corresponding to each sampling time, determines the wall thickness information of each layer of casing pipe, and sends the wall thickness information to the upper computer module.
(14) And the upper computer module stores the wall thickness information of each layer of sleeve and displays the wall thickness information on a display screen.
(15) And (5) lowering to the next depth, and repeating the steps (11) to (14).
In conclusion, the invention performs time domain multi-channel sampling on the wall thickness combination actual measurement data of each layer of undamaged pipe column, simultaneously solves the electromagnetic parameters and the geometric parameters of each layer of pipe column, and repeatedly verifies and improves the accuracy of the solution. And adjusting the finally obtained parameters of each layer of pipe column, and simulating and calibrating the induced electromotive force curved surfaces under the condition of various casing wall thicknesses at different moments. And during downhole testing, adjusting the emission period and the sampling mode according to the prior information of the arrangement of the downhole casing pipes, and jointly solving the wall thickness information of each layer of the downhole casing pipes by using the sampled data and the simulated and calibrated induced electromotive force curved surface.
Claims (8)
1. The multilayer pipe string damage detection system based on the transient electromagnetic time domain method is characterized by comprising a downhole detector, a transmission cable, a host module and an upper computer module, wherein the downhole detector is connected with the host module through the transmission cable, the downhole detector is lowered into a well through the transmission cable to detect medium information, measured logging data are preprocessed and then transmitted to the host module on the ground, the host module stores and processes the collected logging data and transmits the logging data to the upper computer module, command information transmitted by the upper computer module is transmitted to the downhole detector through the host module and the transmission cable, and the wall thickness information of each layer of pipe string is determined according to the fact that the logging data transmitted by the host module are compared with the corresponding induced electromotive force curved surface at each calibrated sampling time, and storing and displaying.
2. The transient electromagnetic time domain method multilayer tubular column damage detection system of claim 1, wherein the upper computer module determines rough information of the number of layers and the wall thickness of the casing at the current depth according to the depth of the downhole detector in combination with prior information of the downhole casing arrangement, calculates the transmission period of the transient electromagnetic signal and the number of time domain sampling channels, and sends command information.
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the downhole detector comprises an electromagnetic probe, an emission and reception part, an amplification and filtering part, a signal acquisition part, a data transmission part and a single chip part, the emission and reception part is connected to the electromagnetic probe and controls emission and reception of the electromagnetic probe, the amplification and filtering part is connected to the electromagnetic probe and amplifies and filters logging data received by the electromagnetic probe, the signal acquisition part is connected to the amplification and filtering part and acquires the amplified and filtered logging data, converts the amplified and filtered logging data into digital signals and transmits the digital signals to the single chip part, the single chip part is connected to the signal acquisition part and the emission and reception part, and controls an emission period of the emission and reception part, the number of sampling points of the signal acquisition part and sampling time of each point according to command information issued by the host module, and the data transmission part is connected with the single chip microcomputer part, receives command information transmitted by the host module, transmits the command information to the single chip microcomputer part, and transmits the encoded logging data to the host module through the transmission cable.
4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the transmission cable is a multi-core cable for supplying power to the downhole sonde, and transmitting command information sent from the host module to the downhole sonde and logging data sent from the downhole sonde to the host module.
5. The transient electromagnetic time domain method multilayer tubular string damage detection system of claim 1, wherein the host module comprises a data storage part, a data transmission part, a depth calculation part, a depth storage part and a power supply part, wherein the power supply part supplies power to the downhole detector, the depth calculation part is connected to the depth storage part, calculates the depth of the downhole detector and transmits the calculated depth information to the depth storage part for storage; the data storage part is connected with the data transmission part to finish the storage of the original logging data of the underground detector, the data transmission part sends the command information issued by the upper computer module to the underground detector, and sends the depth information and the underground logging data to the upper computer module.
6. The system for detecting damage to the multilayer tubular column by the transient electromagnetic time domain method according to claim 1, wherein the host computer module comprises a downhole multilayer tubular column basic parameter input part, a depth and data processing part, an imaging display part, a data storage module and a data playback module, the downhole multilayer tubular column basic parameter input part inputs well condition information, the depth and data processing part is connected to the downhole multilayer tubular column basic parameter input part, receives data information sent by the host computer module, stores logging data, calculates a transmission period and the number of sampling points according to current depth and casing arrangement prior information and sends the transmission period and the number of the sampling points to the host computer module, and simultaneously determines the wall thickness of each tubular column according to an induction curved surface calibrated by the logging data in a combined simulation manner and sends the wall thickness to the imaging display part, and the imaging display part is connected to the data processing part, the data playback module is connected with the data storage module and the imaging display part and transmits the data stored in the data storage module to the imaging display part for displaying.
7. The multilayer pipe string damage detection method by the transient electromagnetic time domain method is characterized in that the multilayer pipe string damage detection method by the transient electromagnetic time domain method adopts the multilayer pipe string damage detection system by the transient electromagnetic time domain method as claimed in claim 1, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, estimating stratum parameters of each layer of medium through induced electromotive forces of a plurality of channels in a time domain, and calibrating induced electromotive force curved surfaces at each moment;
step 2, recording the prior information of the sleeve arrangement of the well to be measured in the upper computer module, wherein the prior information comprises the number of the sleeve layers and the original wall thickness at each depth;
step 3, the underground detector is lowered into the well to detect the damage of the multilayer pipe column, the upper computer module combines the underground casing pipe arrangement prior information according to the depth of the underground detector, determines the approximate information of the number of the casing pipes and the wall thickness at the current depth, calculates the emission period of the transient electromagnetic signal, the number of sampling points and the sampling time of the sampling points, and sends the transient electromagnetic signal, the sampling points and the sampling time to the underground detector through the host computer module and the transmission cable;
step 4, the underground detector emits signals according to a specified period, and after the received signals are amplified and filtered, the signals are sampled according to a sampling mode issued by the upper computer module, converted into digital signals and sent to the host computer module;
step 5, the host module decodes the received data, compares the calibrated induced electromotive force curved surfaces corresponding to each sampling time, determines the wall thickness information of each layer of sleeve and sends the wall thickness information to the upper computer module;
step 6, the upper computer module stores and displays the wall thickness information of each layer of the sleeve;
and 7, lowering to the next depth, and repeating the steps 3 to 6.
8. The transient electromagnetic time domain method multilayer tubular column damage detection method of claim 7, wherein step 1 comprises:
(11) firstly, constructing a transient electromagnetic multilayer pipe column detection model according to the layer number of pipe columns in the current well condition, wherein the transient electromagnetic multilayer pipe column detection model comprises air, well fluid and a metal pipe column multilayer medium;
(12) constructing an induced electromotive force forward equation, and setting m as the number of the tubular columns, wherein each layer of tubular column shares 4 unknowns of radius, magnetic conductivity, dielectric constant and electric conductivity, and the total number of the unknowns is 4 m;
(13) the method comprises the following steps of measuring different wall thickness combinations of all layers of casings of a current non-damaged section of a well condition respectively, taking two layers of casings as an example, and dividing the measurable conditions into 3 types, wherein one type is the position where the two layers of casings are both bodies; secondly, the inner casing is a coupling and the outer casing is the position of the body; thirdly, the inner casing is a body and the outer tubular column is a coupling;
(14) sampling the actual measurement curves of the various casing wall thickness combinations, wherein the total number of sampling points is related to the number of unknown quantities; if the unknown quantity is 4m, the unknown quantity can be solved only by at least 4m sampling points, and 8m sampling points are selected to ensure that the solution is more accurate;
(15) according to the selected 8m sampling points, 8m equations can be established, and 4m unknowns of m layers of pipe columns can be obtained by solving an equation set;
(16) substituting the solved unknown quantity into an induced electromotive force forward equation, and simulating induced electromotive force curves of different wall thickness combinations of the sleeves of each layer;
(17) verifying whether the simulated induced electromotive force curve is consistent with the actual measurement curve, if an error exists, combining the corresponding measurement data with the original equation set, and solving the optimal 4m unknowns again;
(18) repeating the step (16) and the step (17) until the simulated induced electromotive force curve is completely consistent with the measured curve;
(19) and (4) according to the finally solved 4m unknowns, properly adjusting the wall thickness parameters of the sleeve, and simulating the induced electromotive force curved surfaces of various sleeve wall thickness combinations at each moment to finish calibration.
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