CN112397722B - Composite base material, preparation method of composite base material, battery and electric vehicle - Google Patents
Composite base material, preparation method of composite base material, battery and electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN112397722B CN112397722B CN202011263578.8A CN202011263578A CN112397722B CN 112397722 B CN112397722 B CN 112397722B CN 202011263578 A CN202011263578 A CN 202011263578A CN 112397722 B CN112397722 B CN 112397722B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a composite base material, a preparation method of the composite base material, a battery and an electric vehicle, and relates to the technical field of lithium battery manufacturing. The composite substrate comprises an insulating substrate, wherein the insulating substrate comprises a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged, the first surface is provided with a first metal layer, and the second surface is provided with a second metal layer; the widths of the first metal layer and the second metal layer are respectively greater than the width of the insulating substrate, and the part of the first metal layer exceeding the width of the insulating substrate is bonded with the part of the second metal layer exceeding the width of the insulating substrate and is electrically conducted; the first metal layer is far away from one side of the insulating substrate, a conductive coating is arranged in the area opposite to the insulating substrate, the second metal layer is far away from one side of the insulating substrate, and a conductive coating is arranged in the area opposite to the insulating substrate. The composite substrate is beneficial to improving the weight energy density of the lithium ion battery and improving the conductive contact performance between the metal layer and the pole piece active substance coating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery manufacturing, in particular to a composite base material, a preparation method of the composite base material, a battery and an electric vehicle.
Background
The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the current lithium ion secondary battery are made by coating electrode materials on the surface of a metal current collector (copper foil or aluminum foil), the metal current collector is expensive and has high density, and a large proportion of weight is occupied in a pole piece, so that the weight energy density of the battery is reduced, and the endurance mileage of an electric automobile is influenced.
Theoretically, the lithium ion secondary battery only needs a very thin metal conducting layer to meet the conducting requirement in the working process. However, on one hand, due to the limitations of the processing capability of the metal foil and the manufacturing capability of the pole piece manufacturing process, the ultra-thin metal current collector cannot be directly used. On the other hand, different current collectors also have different influences on the temperature rise of the battery under the condition that the internal short circuit occurs in the battery, and therefore, the improvement of the safety performance of the lithium ion battery through the improvement of the design of the current collectors is a technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite base material, a preparation method of the composite base material, a battery and an electric vehicle, which can improve the weight energy density of a lithium ion battery, improve the conductive contact performance between a metal layer and a pole piece active substance coating and further improve the safety performance of the lithium ion battery.
Embodiments of the invention may be implemented as follows:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a composite substrate, including an insulating base, a first metal layer and a second metal layer, where the insulating base includes a first surface and a second surface that are oppositely disposed, the first metal layer is connected to the first surface, and the second metal layer is connected to the second surface; the widths of the first metal layer and the second metal layer are respectively greater than the width of the insulating substrate, and the part of the first metal layer exceeding the width of the insulating substrate is bonded with the part of the second metal layer exceeding the width of the insulating substrate and is electrically conducted;
the first metal layer is far away from one side of the insulating substrate, a first conductive coating is arranged in an area opposite to the insulating substrate, the second metal layer is far away from one side of the insulating substrate, and a second conductive coating is arranged in an area opposite to the insulating substrate.
In an alternative embodiment, a first adhesive layer is disposed between the first metal layer and the insulating substrate, and a second adhesive layer is disposed between the second metal layer and the insulating substrate.
In an alternative embodiment, a portion of the first metal layer that exceeds the width of the insulating base is bonded to a portion of the second metal layer that exceeds the width of the insulating base by a third adhesive layer.
In an alternative embodiment, the first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer and the third adhesive layer are an integral structure made of the same conductive adhesive.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of preparing a composite substrate for preparing a composite substrate according to any one of the preceding embodiments, the method comprising:
providing an insulating substrate, and respectively arranging a first metal layer and a second metal layer on two opposite surfaces of the insulating substrate; the widths of the first metal layer and the second metal layer are respectively greater than the width of the insulating substrate, and the part of the first metal layer exceeding the width of the insulating substrate is bonded with the part of the second metal layer exceeding the width of the insulating substrate and is electrically conducted;
and respectively coating conductive etching slurry on the first metal layer and the second metal layer in the areas corresponding to the insulating substrate, wherein the conductive etching slurry is used for thinning the first metal layer and the second metal layer, forming a first conductive coating on the first metal layer, and forming a second conductive coating on the second metal layer.
In an optional embodiment, after the conductive etching slurry is coated, the thicknesses of the first metal layer and the second metal layer are respectively reduced to 0.1-1.0 μm, and the thicknesses of the first conductive coating and the second conductive coating are respectively 0.1-5.0 μm.
In an alternative embodiment, in the step of applying the conductive etching paste to the regions of the first metal layer and the second metal layer corresponding to the insulating substrate, respectively, a preparation method of the conductive etching paste includes: the conductive agent, the adhesive, the oxidant, the organic acid and the stabilizer are prepared according to a preset proportion.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of respectively disposing the first metal layer and the second metal layer on the two opposite surfaces of the insulating substrate includes:
conducting adhesives are adopted to bond between the first metal layer and the insulating substrate, between the second metal layer and the insulating substrate, and between the part of the first metal layer exceeding the width of the insulating substrate and the part of the second metal layer exceeding the width of the insulating substrate;
the preparation method of the conductive adhesive comprises the following steps: the conductive paste is prepared by mixing a polymer adhesive and a conductive agent, or is prepared by adopting metal powder viscous conductive paste.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a battery comprising a composite substrate as described in any one of the preceding embodiments.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides an electric vehicle including a battery as in the previous embodiments.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the first metal layer and the second metal layer are arranged on the surfaces of the two sides of the insulating base, the widths of the first metal layer and the second metal layer are respectively greater than the width of the insulating base, the areas, corresponding to the insulating base, of the first metal layer and the second metal layer are used as current collectors, the part, exceeding the width of the insulating base, of the first metal layer and the part, exceeding the width of the insulating base, of the second metal layer are bonded and electrically conducted to serve as a tab forming area. Therefore, the weight proportion of the current collector occupied in the pole piece is reduced due to the arrangement of the insulating substrate, and the weight energy density of the battery is improved. In addition, the conductive coatings are arranged on the surfaces of the first metal layer and the second metal layer, have the function of thinning the first metal layer and the second metal layer and are attached to the surfaces of the first metal layer and the second metal layer, so that the conductive contact performance between the metal layer and the pole piece active substance coating can be improved, the problem of electronic conduction failure between the metal layer of the composite substrate and the pole piece coating in the pole piece manufacturing and processing and battery circulation processes is avoided, and the circulation performance of the battery using the composite substrate is improved.
The preparation method of the composite base material is used for preparing the composite base material, the manufacturing process is simple, the first metal layer and the second metal layer are arranged outside the insulating substrate in a bonding mode and serve as lug forming areas of the reserved electrodes, ultrasonic welding can be directly carried out in the subsequent process, and the production efficiency is high; and the problems of welding of the composite base material and electric connection and conduction of the front and back metal layers are well solved.
The battery adopts the composite base material, and the weight energy density and the safety performance of the battery are improved through the improvement of the current collector.
The electric vehicle adopts the battery, so that the weight energy density and the safety performance of the battery are improved, and the continuation of journey mileage of the electric vehicle is prolonged.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rolled composite substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an expanded structure of a composite substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3 at A;
FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram illustrating steps in a method for fabricating a composite substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a step diagram of a method for manufacturing a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 100-a composite substrate; 101-current collector area; 103-a tab forming area; 110-an insulating substrate; 120-a first metal layer; 130-a second metal layer; 140-a first conductive coating; 150-a second conductive coating; 161-a first adhesive layer; 163-a second adhesive layer; 165-third adhesive layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate an orientation or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings or that the product of the present invention is used as it is, this is only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and it does not indicate or imply that the device or the element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the appearances of the terms "first," "second," and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It should be noted that the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
First embodiment
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment provides a composite substrate 100, which can be used for preparing positive and negative electrode plates of a battery to improve the weight energy density of the battery, improve the conductive contact performance between a metal layer and a coating of an active material of the electrode plate, and further improve the safety performance of a lithium ion battery. The composite base material 100 is convenient to weld, has strong adhesive force, and is beneficial to preventing the problem that a metal layer of a battery adopting the composite current collector falls off in the circulating process.
In this embodiment, the composite substrate 100 includes an insulating base 110, a first metal layer 120 and a second metal layer 130, where the insulating base 110 includes a first surface (not shown) and a second surface (not shown) opposite to each other, the first metal layer 120 is connected to the first surface, and the second metal layer 130 is connected to the second surface; the widths of the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130 are respectively greater than the width of the insulating substrate 110, and the portion of the first metal layer 120 beyond the width of the insulating substrate 110 is adhered to and electrically connected to the portion of the second metal layer 130 beyond the width of the insulating substrate 110. The first metal layer 120 is away from one side of the insulating substrate 110, and a region opposite to the insulating substrate 110 is provided with a first conductive coating 140, and the second metal layer 130 is away from one side of the insulating substrate 110, and a region corresponding to the insulating substrate 110 is provided with a second conductive coating 150.
Optionally, areas of the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130 corresponding to the insulating substrate 110 respectively serve as current collector areas 101 of the pole pieces, and portions of the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130 exceeding the width of the insulating substrate 110 serve as tab forming areas 103 of the reserved electrodes. The first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130 may be at least one metal foil of gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, zinc, lead, nickel, aluminum, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, or titanium, respectively, in which the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130 are copper foil, aluminum foil, nickel foil, or copper-plated nickel foil. The insulating substrate 110 is a polymer insulating layer including, but not limited to, at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyester terephthalate, polyimide, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, poly (paraphenylene terephthalamide), polypropylene, polyoxymethylene, epoxy resin, phenol resin, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicone rubber, and polycarbonate.
The first and second conductive coatings 140 and 150 are conductive etching paste coated on the first and second metal layers 120 and 130, and the conductive etching paste is used to thin the first and second metal layers 120 and 130, that is, to reduce the thicknesses of the first and second metal layers 120 and 130 by the etching thinning principle. Meanwhile, the conductive etching paste is deposited on the surface of the first metal layer 120 to form a first conductive coating 140, and the conductive etching paste is deposited on the surface of the second metal layer 130 to form a second conductive coating 150. The first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130 are thinned by coating conductive etching slurry on the current collector region 101, so that the weight percentage of the metal current collector in the pole piece is reduced, and the weight energy density of the lithium ion battery is improved. And the first conductive coating 140 and the second conductive coating 150 are respectively deposited on the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130, so that the conductive contact performance between the metal layers and the pole piece active material coating can be remarkably improved, and the conductive coating plays a role in supplementing conductivity particularly under the condition that the metal layers are damaged and broken (caused by expansion in the pole piece processing process or the pole piece charging and discharging process). Meanwhile, the first conductive coating 140 and the second conductive coating 150 can also improve the easy coating property of the current collector and enhance the coating adhesion. Optionally, after the conductive etching slurry is coated, the thicknesses of the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130 are respectively reduced to 0.1-1.0 μm, and the thicknesses of the deposited first conductive coating 140 and the deposited second conductive coating 150 are respectively 0.1-5.0 μm. It is easily understood that the thicknesses of the first and second metal layers 120 and 130 may be adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the applied amount of the conductive etching paste and the conditions of the thermal etching process. The conductive etching slurry is applied to the current collector region 101, which is a region of the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130 corresponding to the insulating substrate 110, respectively, by a known coating method, such as gravure printing, micro-gravure coating, slit coating, extrusion coating, or transfer coating, and the tab forming regions 103 reserved on both sides are not coated. After heating, etching and drying, a double-layer metal foil composite layer (namely, a tab forming area 103) with two sides not thinned can be obtained, and a metal foil thinned composite base material 100 with a double-layer conductive coating deposited in the middle area (namely, a current collector area 101) can be obtained. It is easy to understand that, in the composite substrate 100, the tab forming region 103 does not thin the metal layer, and the current collector region 101 deposits the first conductive coating 140 and the second conductive coating 150 after thinning the metal layer, so that the surface of the entire composite substrate 100 is smoother.
When using the composite substrate 100, it is only necessary to coat the current collector region 101 with an electrode material. Further, a first adhesive layer 161 is disposed between the first metal layer 120 and the insulating substrate 110, and a second adhesive layer 163 is disposed between the second metal layer 130 and the insulating substrate 110, that is, the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130 are respectively bonded to two surfaces of the insulating substrate 110. By adopting the bonding mode, the bonding force between the insulating substrate 110 and the metal layer can be made high enough, and the problem that the metal layer falls off in the circulation process of the battery adopting the composite current collector is avoided.
Similarly, a portion of the first metal layer 120 exceeding the width of the insulating substrate 110 and a portion of the second metal layer 130 exceeding the width of the insulating substrate 110 are adhered by the third adhesive layer 165. The third adhesive layer 165 has conductivity so as to electrically connect the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130. Optionally, the first adhesive layer 161, the second adhesive layer 163 and the third adhesive layer 165 are an integral structure made of the same conductive adhesive, which facilitates the manufacturing of the conductive adhesive, simplifies the process, improves the production efficiency, and reduces the production cost. In this embodiment, the first adhesive layer 161, the second adhesive layer 163, and the third adhesive layer 165 are all conductive adhesives, and the conductive adhesives are composite conductive paste or metal powder viscous conductive paste formed by mixing a polymer adhesive and a conductive agent. The conductive agent may be a carbon conductive agent, such as at least one of carbon black, acetylene black, conductive graphite, a carbon nanotube, a carbon nanofiber, graphene, fullerene, and the like, or a metal conductive agent, such as at least one of conductive silver paste, conductive aluminum paste, and conductive copper paste, and the like. The conductive adhesive layer provides strong adhesive force to fix the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130 on the surface of the insulating base 110, and fixes and adheres the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130 outside the insulating base 110 together to form the composite substrate 100. Meanwhile, the conductive bonding layer has strong electrolyte resistance, is not easy to swell, dissolve or decompose in electrolyte, and can ensure strong bonding property for a long time. The adhesive in the conductive adhesive can be an adhesive prepared from resin, polyfunctional isocyanate compound and metal compound, wherein the resin can react with isocyanate, such as acid anhydride group, carboxyl group or hydroxyl group, and the conductive adhesive can be prepared by adding a conductive agent into the adhesive. In addition, the conductive adhesive layer may also include a conductive adhesive prepared by mixing at least one or more polymers selected from silane coupling agents, polyisocyanates, epoxy compounds, carbodiimides, and amino resins with a conductive agent.
The part of the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130, which exceeds the width of the insulating substrate 110, serves as a tab forming area 103 of the reserved electrode, in the tab forming area 103, the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130 are electrically connected through a third bonding layer 165, namely, a conductive adhesive, ultrasonic welding can be directly performed, two layers of metal foils of the tab directly conduct the front and back sides of the pole piece, and the problem that the composite substrate 100 is welded and the front and back sides of the tab are electrically connected and conducted is well solved. And, through the bonding mode connection, the adhesion is big, and stable in structure is difficult for delaminating.
The composite substrate 100 provided in this embodiment is prepared by bonding and compounding two metal foils (i.e., the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130) and a polymer insulating film (i.e., the insulating base 110) with a conductive adhesive, to prepare an original film of the composite substrate 100 having a sandwich structure, coating conductive etching slurry on regions of the original film of the composite substrate 100 corresponding to the two metal foils (i.e., the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130) and the insulating base 110, selectively thinning the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130, and depositing the first conductive coating 140 and the second conductive coating 150 on the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130 of the current collector region 101, respectively, to obtain the composite substrate 100 having a special structure. The composite substrate 100 is suitable for continuous stripe coating, the region provided with the first conductive coating 140 and the second conductive coating 150 is used for coating positive and negative electrode slurry, and the two side white regions (i.e. the regions of the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130 beyond the insulating base 110) are non-thinned metal foil composite layers and are used for the tab forming region 103 of the pole piece. This composite substrate 100 can be fine the welding problem of solving composite substrate 100 utmost point ear district, can show the electrically conductive contact performance who improves between metal level and the pole piece active material coating simultaneously, avoids the problem that the electron between the metal level of composite substrate 100 and the pole piece coating that appears in pole piece manufacturing and processing and battery cycle process switches on the inefficacy, improves the cyclicity ability of the battery that uses this composite substrate 100, promotes the weight energy density of battery.
Second embodiment
Referring to fig. 5, an embodiment of the invention provides a method for preparing a composite substrate 100, for preparing the composite substrate 100, the method for preparing the composite substrate 100 includes:
s100: an insulating substrate 110, a first metal layer 120 and a second metal layer 130 are provided. A first metal layer 120 and a second metal layer 130 are disposed on opposite first and second surfaces of the insulating substrate 110, respectively. The widths of the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130 are respectively greater than the width of the insulating substrate 110, and the portion of the first metal layer 120 beyond the width of the insulating substrate 110 is bonded to the portion of the second metal layer 130 beyond the width of the insulating substrate 110 and electrically connected to each other. The areas of the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130 corresponding to the insulating substrate 110 serve as current collectors, and the portions of the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130 beyond the insulating substrate 110 serve as tab forming areas 103.
S110: and preparing the conductive adhesive. Alternatively, the first metal layer 120 is adhered to the first surface of the insulating substrate 110 by a conductive adhesive, the second metal layer 130 is adhered to the second surface of the insulating substrate 110 by a conductive adhesive, and the portions of the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130 beyond the insulating substrate 110 are adhered together by a conductive adhesive. The method for preparing the conductive adhesive comprises the following steps: the conductive paste is prepared by mixing a polymer adhesive and a conductive agent, or is prepared by adopting metal powder viscous conductive paste. Optionally, the conductive adhesive is prepared by mixing conductive carbon black and an adhesive containing polyacrylic acid, a multifunctional isocyanate compound and aluminum acetate, wherein the mass ratio of the conductive carbon black to the adhesive is 3: 4.
s120: and preparing a composite base material original film. The method comprises the steps of preparing a positive electrode composite base material original film and a negative electrode composite base material original film.
S121: and preparing the original membrane of the positive electrode composite substrate. Alternatively, the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130 use aluminum foil, and the insulating substrate 110 uses an insulating film. And (3) compounding two layers of aluminum foils with the thickness of 5 microns with a PET insulating film with the thickness of 6 microns through a conductive adhesive to prepare the anode composite base material original film with a special structure.
S123: and preparing the original membrane of the cathode composite substrate. Alternatively, the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130 may be copper foils, and the insulating substrate 110 may be an insulating film. And (3) compounding two layers of copper foils with the thickness of 4 microns with a PET insulating film with the thickness of 6 microns through a conductive adhesive to prepare the cathode composite base material original film with a special structure.
S130: and coating conductive etching slurry. The conductive etching paste is applied to the regions corresponding to the insulating substrate 110 on the first and second metal layers 120 and 130, respectively, that is, the current collector region 101. The conductive etching paste is used to thin the first and second metal layers 120 and 130, and to form the first conductive coating 140 on the first metal layer 120 and the second conductive coating 150 on the second metal layer 130. Optionally, after the conductive etching slurry is coated, the thicknesses of the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130 are respectively reduced to 0.1-1.0 μm, and the thicknesses of the first conductive coating 140 and the second conductive coating 150 are respectively 0.1-5.0 μm. The preparation method of the conductive etching slurry comprises the following steps:
s131: preparing anode conductive etching slurry: conducting agent, binder, oxidant, organic acid and stabilizer are mixed according to the proportion of 3-5: 3-5: 0.1-1: 1-3: 20-50 mass percent of conductive slurry with solid content of 20-25 percent is prepared. Optionally, conductive carbon black Super-P is used as a conductive agent, polyacrylic acid PAA is used as a binder, deionized water is used as a solvent, and a small amount of H is added into the water2O2And acetic acid. Conductive agent, adhesive, H2O2And acetic acid and deionized water according to 4: 4: 0.5: 1.5: 40, preparing the conductive slurry with the solid content of about 20-25% by a double-planet stirrer and a sand mill. The positive conductive etching slurry is coated on the current collector region of the original film of the positive composite substrate, i.e. the regions of the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130 corresponding to the insulating base 110 respectively.
S133: preparing cathode conductive etching slurry: conducting agent, binder, oxidant, organic acid and stabilizer are mixed according to the proportion of 3-5: 2-4: 0.5-2: 1-4: 20-50 percent of the conductive paste with the solid content of 20-30 percent. Optionally, CNT is used as conductive agent, SBR and CMC are used as binder, deionized water is used as solvent, and a small amount of H is added into water2O2And oxalic acid. Conductive agent, adhesive, H2O2And oxalic acid andionized water the ratio of 4: 3: 1.0: 2.0: 40, preparing the conductive slurry with the solid content of about 20-30% by a double-planet stirrer and a sand mill. The negative conductive etching slurry is coated on the current collector region of the negative composite substrate original film, i.e. the regions of the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130 corresponding to the insulating base 110 respectively.
It can be understood that the thickness of the first metal layer 120 and the second metal layer 130 can be controlled to be less than 1 μm and the deposition thickness of the first conductive coating 140 and the second conductive coating 150 can be controlled to be 0.1-5.0 μm by adjusting the amount of the conductive etching paste and the conditions of the thermal etching process. After drying, a roll of the special composite substrate 100 as shown in fig. 1 is obtained.
If the composite substrate 100 prepared as described above is used to manufacture a battery, the following steps may be further included, please refer to fig. 6.
S200: a composite substrate 100 is provided.
S210: and manufacturing the electrode plate. The electrode pole piece comprises a positive pole piece and a negative pole piece.
S211: and manufacturing the positive pole piece. Alternatively, the positive electrode active material NMC (811), the conductive agent carbon black sp (timal), the binder pvdf (arkema) are mixed in a mass ratio of 96: 2: 2, mixing, adding a solvent NMP, and stirring by a stirrer to form uniform and stable anode slurry; and uniformly coating the positive electrode slurry on the first conductive coating 140 and the second conductive coating 150 of the positive electrode composite base material 100 according to continuous stripe coating, drying, rolling, slitting and film cutting to obtain the positive electrode piece.
S213: and manufacturing a negative pole piece. Optionally, the negative active material graphite, the conductive agent acetylene black, the thickening agent CMC and the binder SBR are mixed according to a mass ratio of 96.5: 0.5: 1.5: 1.5, adding solvent deionized water after mixing, and stirring in a stirrer until uniform and stable cathode slurry is obtained; and uniformly coating the negative electrode slurry on the first conductive coating 140 and the second conductive coating 150 of the negative electrode composite base material 100 according to the continuous stripe coating, drying, and rolling, slitting and film cutting to obtain the negative electrode piece.
S220: and preparing the isolating membrane. Alternatively, a polyethylene porous membrane is selected as a separation membrane, and is cut into corresponding widths according to the design size for standby.
S230: and preparing an electrolyte. Alternatively, Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) are mixed in a volume ratio of 1: 1: 1 to obtain an organic solvent, followed by mixing a well-dried lithium salt LiPF6Dissolving in the mixed solvent to prepare electrolyte with the concentration of 1 mol/L.
S240: and (6) winding, encasing and testing. And (3) enabling the positive pole piece, the isolating membrane and the negative pole piece to be positioned between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece to play an isolating role according to a winding mode to prepare a wound battery cell, and forming a semi-finished product naked battery cell through hot pressing. And (3) placing the bare cell into an aluminum shell outer package, welding the positive and negative Tab and the shell pole, performing top cover laser welding, and then completing the tightness detection and moisture baking. And finally, after the battery cell is filled with electrolyte and soaked at high temperature, formation, sealing and battery cell testing are completed, and the finished product lithium ion battery is obtained.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a battery and an electric vehicle, wherein the battery comprises the composite substrate 100, and is processed by the composite substrate 100. The battery is applied to the electric vehicle, the long-term cycle performance of the battery is improved, and the continuation of the journey mileage of the electric vehicle is prolonged.
The contents of other parts not mentioned in this embodiment are similar to those described in the first embodiment, and are not described again here.
In summary, the embodiment of the present invention provides a composite substrate 100, a method for preparing a composite substrate, a battery, and an electric vehicle, and has the following beneficial effects:
the composite base material 100 is suitable for continuous stripe coating, and the weight energy density of the battery is improved by adopting a sandwich structure with an insulating base 110 in the middle and metal layers on two sides in a current collector region 101; the metal layers on the two sides of the insulating substrate 110 are further thinned through the conductive etching slurry, the weight energy density of the battery is further improved, meanwhile, the first conductive coating 140 and the second conductive coating 150 are respectively formed on the surfaces of the metal layers on the two sides, the conductive contact performance between the metal layers and the pole piece active material coating is remarkably improved, the easy coating performance of the current collector is improved, and the coating adhesion is enhanced. In addition, the metal layer and the insulating substrate 110 are bonded by the conductive adhesive, so that a large enough bonding force can be provided, the structure is stable, and the problem that the metal layer of the battery adopting the composite current collector falls off in the circulating process is solved. Secondly, the part of the first metal layer 120 exceeding the width of the insulating substrate 110 is bonded with the part of the second metal layer 130 exceeding the width of the insulating substrate 110 through a conductive adhesive, so that ultrasonic welding can be directly carried out, and the two layers of metal foils of the electrode lugs directly conduct the front and back sides of the electrode plate, thereby well solving the problems of welding of the composite substrate 100 and electric connection and conduction of the front and back sides of the electrode plate.
The preparation method of the composite substrate 100 is simple, the process operability is strong, the process conditions are convenient to control, and the weight energy density and the safety performance of the battery are improved. The battery manufactured by adopting the composite base material 100 can well solve the problem of welding of the composite base material 100, improve the long-term cycle performance of the battery and improve the weight energy density of the battery. The electric vehicle adopting the battery is beneficial to prolonging the endurance mileage and improving the service life and the safety performance of the battery.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A composite substrate comprising an insulating base (110), a first metal layer (120) and a second metal layer (130), wherein the insulating base (110) comprises a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other, the first metal layer (120) is attached to the first surface, and the second metal layer (130) is attached to the second surface; the widths of the first metal layer (120) and the second metal layer (130) are respectively greater than the width of the insulating substrate (110), and the part of the first metal layer (120) exceeding the width of the insulating substrate (110) is bonded with the part of the second metal layer (130) exceeding the width of the insulating substrate (110) and electrically conducted;
the first metal layer (120) is far away from one side of the insulating substrate (110), and the area opposite to the insulating substrate (110) is provided with a first conductive coating (140), the second metal layer (130) is far away from one side of the insulating substrate (110), and the area opposite to the insulating substrate (110) is provided with a second conductive coating (150); the first conductive coating (140) and the second conductive coating (150) are conductive etching slurry coated on the first metal layer (120) and the second metal layer (130), the conductive etching slurry is used for thinning the first metal layer (120) and the second metal layer (130), meanwhile, the conductive etching slurry is deposited on the surface of the first metal layer (120) to form the first conductive coating (140), and the conductive etching slurry is deposited on the surface of the second metal layer (130) to form the second conductive coating (150).
2. The composite substrate according to claim 1, wherein a first adhesive layer (161) is provided between the first metal layer (120) and the insulating base (110), and a second adhesive layer (163) is provided between the second metal layer (130) and the insulating base (110).
3. The composite substrate according to claim 2, wherein the portion of the first metal layer (120) exceeding the width of the insulating base (110) is bonded to the portion of the second metal layer (130) exceeding the width of the insulating base (110) by a third bonding layer (165).
4. The composite substrate according to claim 3, wherein the first adhesive layer (161), the second adhesive layer (163) and the third adhesive layer (165) are of one-piece construction made of the same electrically conductive adhesive.
5. A method for preparing a composite substrate (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:
providing an insulating substrate (110), a first metal layer (120) and a second metal layer (130); respectively arranging a first metal layer (120) and a second metal layer (130) on two opposite surfaces of the insulating substrate (110); the widths of the first metal layer (120) and the second metal layer (130) are respectively greater than the width of the insulating substrate (110), and the part of the first metal layer (120) exceeding the width of the insulating substrate (110) is bonded with the part of the second metal layer (130) exceeding the width of the insulating substrate (110) and electrically conducted;
and coating conductive etching slurry on the first metal layer (120) and the second metal layer (130) at the regions corresponding to the insulating substrate (110), respectively, wherein the conductive etching slurry is used for thinning the first metal layer (120) and the second metal layer (130), and is used for forming a first conductive coating (140) on the first metal layer (120) and forming a second conductive coating (150) on the second metal layer (130).
6. The method for preparing a composite substrate according to claim 5, wherein after the conductive etching slurry is applied, the thicknesses of the first metal layer (120) and the second metal layer (130) are respectively reduced to 0.1-1.0 μm, and the thicknesses of the first conductive coating (140) and the second conductive coating (150) are respectively 0.1-5.0 μm.
7. The method for preparing a composite substrate according to claim 5, wherein in the step of coating the conductive etching paste on the first metal layer (120) and the second metal layer (130) at regions corresponding to the insulating base (110), respectively, the method for preparing the conductive etching paste comprises:
the conductive agent, the adhesive, the oxidant, the organic acid and the stabilizer are prepared according to a preset proportion.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the steps of providing the first metal layer (120) and the second metal layer (130) on the opposite surfaces of the insulating base (110), respectively, comprise:
conducting adhesives are adopted to bond between the first metal layer (120) and the insulating substrate (110), between the second metal layer (130) and the insulating substrate (110) and between the part of the first metal layer (120) exceeding the width of the insulating substrate (110) and the part of the second metal layer (130) exceeding the width of the insulating substrate (110);
the preparation method of the conductive adhesive comprises the following steps: the conductive paste is prepared by mixing a polymer adhesive and a conductive agent, or is prepared by adopting metal powder viscous conductive paste.
9. A battery, characterized in that it comprises a composite substrate (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
10. An electric vehicle characterized by comprising the battery according to claim 9.
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| KR20230088671A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2023-06-20 | 컨템포러리 엠퍼렉스 테크놀로지 씨오., 리미티드 | Composite current collectors, pole pieces, secondary batteries, battery modules, battery packs and electrical devices |
| CN116722148B (en) * | 2023-08-11 | 2023-11-28 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Composite current collector, pole piece, battery and electric equipment |
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